Method for detecting the nutritional status of crop fertilization

Abstract

The application discloses a crop fertilization nutrition condition detection method, comprising the following steps: collecting and storing farmland information in real time; collecting and storing fertilizer irrigation information; sampling part of crops in a poor state; using a detection device based on hyperspectral technology to diagnose the nutrition condition of the sample; adjusting the fertilizer ratio according to the nutrition condition diagnosis result and the farmland information; wherein, a plurality of sensors are used to monitor the data of different positions of the farmland, a plurality of first wireless modules are arranged in the farmland, the sensors are connected with the first wireless modules, and the first wireless modules are wirelessly connected with a display terminal computer; the display terminal computer stores all farmland data, corresponding fertilizer irrigation data and sample nutrition condition diagnosis data. The method realizes nondestructive detection of crops, improves the detection efficiency, comprehensively analyzes the detection result and the farmland information, adjusts the fertilizer ratio and the irrigation amount, and improves the growth condition of crops at the sampling site.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of crop testing technology, and more particularly to a method for detecting crop nutrient status after fertilization. Background Technology

[0002] CN102119602A discloses a method for soil testing and fertilization of maize, which is implemented through three steps: soil nutrient detection, fertilizer application calculation, and fertilization. This method calculates the fertilizer application amount through soil nutrient detection. However, soil nutrient detection is less effective than crop leaf analysis in reflecting crop nutrient requirements, and it also requires the application of base fertilizer, which is labor-intensive, and the calculations are cumbersome.

[0003] CN102338738A discloses a real-time, convenient, and reliable rapid diagnostic method and low-cost field detection device for nitrogen content in crop plants and leaves. This device is installed in a wireless monitoring and control network within a greenhouse and deployed at the greenhouse crop production site. A simulation study of nitrogen content in leafy vegetable leaves was conducted, effectively fusing the effect of spectral signals on color difference. Based on this, a sample set of nitrogen content in plants and leaves was established as a benchmark library; the benchmark library for nitrogen nutrient information includes grayscale, image edges, contours, surfaces, spectral lines, and other prominent features. Finally, by comparing and analyzing the obtained images (including spectral information images) with the benchmark library, the color difference of the leaves is inverted and simulated to deduce the nitrogen content. However, the detection accuracy and efficiency are low, and it cannot perform non-destructive testing on crops. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings, the purpose of this invention is to provide a method for detecting crop fertilization nutrient status, achieving non-destructive testing of crops, improving testing efficiency, and comprehensively analyzing the test results and farmland information to adjust fertilizer ratios and irrigation amounts, thereby improving the growth status of crops at the sampling sites.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] Methods for testing crop nutrient status after fertilization, including the following steps:

[0007] Farmland information is collected and stored in real time;

[0008] Fertilizer irrigation information is collected and stored;

[0009] Some crops with poor sampling conditions;

[0010] Nutritional status diagnosis of samples is performed using a detection device based on hyperspectral technology;

[0011] Adjust fertilizer ratios based on nutritional status diagnosis results and farmland information;

[0012] The system uses multiple sensors to monitor data at different locations in the farmland. Multiple first wireless modules are installed in the farmland, and the sensors are connected to the first wireless modules. The first wireless modules are wirelessly connected to a display terminal computer. The display terminal computer stores all farmland data, as well as corresponding fertilizer irrigation data and sample nutrient status diagnostic data.

[0013] Optionally, the sensors include temperature and humidity sensors, rainfall sensors, air pressure sensors, pH sensors, carbon dioxide sensors, and trace element sensors.

[0014] Optionally, the detection device based on hyperspectral technology includes a base plate, a detection housing, a first support frame, a second support frame, a hyperspectral detector, a screw, a moving component, a limiting rod, and a computer; the first and second support frames are respectively fixed to the left and right sides of the base plate, and their heights are aligned; the screw is movably connected to the first and second support frames, and is parallel to the top surface of the base plate; the limiting rod is fixedly connected to the first and second support frames, and is parallel to the screw; the screw has a threaded surface, and the limiting rod has a smooth surface; a transmission component is fixed to the outer side of the upper part of the first support frame; one end of the screw is connected to the transmission component; both the screw and the limiting rod are connected to the moving component; the hyperspectral detector is located at the bottom of the moving component; the detection housing and the computer... The machine is located on the top surface of the base plate; the computer is positioned close to the transmission assembly and is connected to the hyperspectral detector via signal transmission; two symmetrically hinged covers are mounted on the front and rear sides of the top of the detection chamber, forming a rectangular through-slot when closed, the width of which is greater than or equal to the bottom width of the hyperspectral detector; the through-slot is provided with two sliding plates, the width of which corresponds to the width of the through-slot, and the total length of which is greater than the length of the through-slot; the cover has a sliding groove corresponding to the long side of the sliding plate, and sliding bosses are provided on both sides of the sliding plate, which engage with the sliding groove; a semi-circular through-slot is provided at the front end of the sliding plate, corresponding to the bottom side of the hyperspectral detector; the detection chamber contains a sample stage and two halogen lamps, which are fixed on both sides of the detection chamber with their light outlets facing the sample stage.

[0015] Optionally, the transmission assembly includes a housing, a handle, a transmission plate, a first rotating shaft, a first gear, a second gear, and a third gear; a fourth gear is provided at one end of the screw, and the screw is fixed at the center of the fourth gear; the housing is fixed to the outer side of the upper part of the first support frame; the first gear, the second gear, the third gear, and the fourth gear are all located inside the housing, and the handle, the transmission plate, and the first rotating shaft are all located outside the housing; the handle is movably connected to one end of the transmission plate, and the other end of the transmission plate is fixedly connected to one end of the first rotating shaft; the other end of the first rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the center of the first gear; the edge of the first gear meshes with the edge of the second gear for transmission; the third gear is fixed at the center of the second gear; the edge of the fourth gear meshes with the edge of the third gear for transmission; the second gear is larger than the first gear and the third gear; the fourth gear is larger than the third gear.

[0016] Optionally, the moving assembly includes a slide, a telescopic rod, and a limiting stage; the side of the slide is provided with a circular through hole and a circular threaded hole in the same direction, and the screw passes through the circular threaded hole and is threadedly connected to the slide; the limiting rod passes through the circular through hole; the telescopic rod is fixed to the bottom of the slide and is used for vertical extension and retraction; the top of the limiting stage is connected to the bottom of the telescopic rod; the limiting stage is provided with an opening facing the top surface of the base plate; the hyperspectral detector is located in the opening, with a width consistent with the size of the opening, and is movably connected to the limiting stage through a second rotating shaft; the spectrometer at the bottom of the hyperspectral detector faces the through groove and the sample stage.

[0017] Optionally, a semi-circular through-hole is provided on the front side of the limiting platform near the bottom; an adjustment post is provided on the end face of the hyperspectral detector near the front side of the limiting platform, the position and size of the adjustment post corresponding to the semi-circular through-hole, and the length of the adjustment post protruding from the semi-circular through-hole is greater than 2cm; an angle scale is provided on the front side of the limiting platform, the angle scale is located above the semi-circular through-hole, corresponding to the arc of the semi-circular through-hole, and the arc of the semi-circular through-hole is less than 180°; the lowest point of the angle scale near the semi-circular through-hole is set to 0°, and the scales on the left and right sides are symmetrically distributed; a positioning screw hole and a positioning stud are provided on the front side of the limiting platform; the positioning screw hole is near the bottom of the hyperspectral detector; a rotating boss is fixed to the outer end of the positioning stud, and anti-slip texture is provided on the side of the rotating boss; an anti-slip pad is fixed to the inner end of the positioning stud; the size of the positioning stud corresponds to the positioning screw hole; the anti-slip pad and the rotating boss are both larger than the positioning screw hole.

[0018] Optionally, the sample stage includes a rectangular sample plate and a push-pull plate; the push-pull plate is elongated, one end of which is fixedly connected to the front side of the sample plate, and the other end passes through a small hole on the front side of the detection chamber and fits against the top surface of the base plate; the outer end of the push-pull plate is provided with two corresponding arc-shaped grooves; the sample plate is located inside the detection chamber, and the width of the sample plate is smaller than the width of the detection chamber.

[0019] Optionally, one end of a plastic flexible tube is connected to the bottom of the halogen lamp, and the other end of the plastic flexible tube is connected to the side of the detection chamber. An angle adjustment rod is connected to the side of the plastic flexible tube. The angle adjustment rod includes two triangular first and second connecting posts, a cylindrical third rotating shaft, and a rectangular rotating plate. Two angle adjustment holes are provided on the front side of the detection chamber, with the positions of the two angle adjustment holes corresponding to the two plastic flexible tubes respectively. One end of the first connecting post is fixed to the plastic flexible tube, close to the halogen lamp, and the other end is fixedly connected to one end of the third rotating shaft. One end of the second connecting post is fixed to the plastic flexible tube, close to the side of the detection chamber, and the other end is fixedly connected to one end of the third rotating shaft and the first connecting post. The third rotating shaft passes through the angle adjustment hole; the other end of the third rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the rotating plate.

[0020] Optionally, a first control panel for controlling the opening and closing of the halogen lamp is provided on the side of the detection box, and a wire is connected inside the plastic hose to the first control panel; a limit plate is provided on the bottom plate, the limit plate is perpendicular to the top surface of the bottom plate, and the computer is snapped into the limit plate; the height of the computer is greater than the height of the limit plate, and the hyperspectral detector is connected to the computer through a wire; a second control panel for controlling the computer and the hyperspectral detector is provided on the top surface of the bottom plate.

[0021] Optionally, the step of using a detection device based on hyperspectral technology to diagnose the nutritional status of the sample includes the following steps:

[0022] Open the lid and place the crop sample at the top center of the sample stage;

[0023] After adjusting the angle of the plastic hose and the halogen lamp, close the lid.

[0024] Connect the computer, hyperspectral analyzer, and halogen lamp to the external power supply;

[0025] Control the extension and retraction of the telescopic rod to allow the bottom spectrometer to extend into the box cover;

[0026] Turn the handle with your right hand to adjust the horizontal position of the spectrometer, while pinch the arc groove of the push-pull plate with your left hand and move it back and forth to adjust the front and back position of the sample plate, so that the spectrometer is close to the crop sample.

[0027] Adjust the angle of the spectrometer by moving the adjustment column to align the spectrometer with the crop sample;

[0028] Rotate or move the rotating plate back and forth to aim the halogen lamp at the crop sample;

[0029] Move the two sliding plates from both ends of the slide groove to fit against the side of the spectrometer in the semi-circular arc groove;

[0030] The hyperspectral analyzer is turned on to test crop samples, and the nutritional status of the crops can be analyzed through the computer screen.

[0031] Low water resource utilization rates in China's agriculture, with both shortages and waste, are major problems facing the development of irrigated agriculture. Due to outdated irrigation and management technologies, the effective utilization rate of agricultural irrigation water in my country is only 0.5%. At the same time, a large amount of unused water carries away applied fertilizer, resulting in serious waste of resources and energy and causing pollution to the agricultural ecological environment. Soil moisture conditions, or the water content in farmland, directly affect crop growth, fertilizer application, and water resource allocation, and are an important basis for implementing precision fertilization and precision irrigation.

[0032] Farmers can quickly assess crop growth and take appropriate measures, such as applying pesticides, fertilizers, irrigating, and harvesting, by visually observing crops and drawing on their experience in the fields. However, for modern large-scale crop cultivation, traditional methods struggle to provide comprehensive and real-time monitoring of crop growth. Large-scale crop cultivation requires managers to possess the ability to rapidly obtain real-time crop growth information and a scientific management mechanism. This includes distributed data collection on pest and disease detection and diagnosis, crop nutrient status and water requirements, and real-time monitoring of the growing environment. Currently, most domestic growers rely on experience to determine crop water and nutrient requirements, pest and disease status, and growth conditions, and similarly determine irrigation, fertilization, and application timing based on experience. This method is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and prone to incomplete information collection, leading to missed opportunities for optimal field management. Most soil testing is also limited in accuracy and efficiency, and cannot perform non-destructive testing on crops.

[0033] The positive and beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0034] Real-time recording, collection, and storage of farmland and fertilizer irrigation information; sampling of crops with poor growth status and recording of sampling locations; and nutrient status diagnosis of samples using a hyperspectral imaging device. Hyperspectral imaging technology is based on a wide range of narrow-band image data, combining imaging and spectral techniques to detect the two-dimensional geometric space and one-dimensional spectral information of the target, acquiring continuous, narrow-band image data with high spectral resolution. Hyperspectral imaging technology enables non-destructive testing of crop nutrient status, improving testing efficiency. Based on the nutrient status diagnosis results of crop samples and comprehensive analysis of farmland information, adjustments are made to fertilizer ratios and irrigation amounts, or other external factors are modified to improve the growth of other crops at the sampling locations. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic block diagram of the crop fertilization nutrient status detection method provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the detection device based on hyperspectral technology provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 This is Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Figure 2 A magnified schematic diagram of the A-ring structure;

[0038] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the hyperspectral detector provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the angle scale and marking lines provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the transmission assembly provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the transmission assembly provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention from another perspective;

[0042] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the positioning stud provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the butterfly-shaped rotating boss provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the sample stage provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the detection box and the box cover provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sliding plate provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the detection box provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the halogen lamp, plastic hose and angle adjustment rod provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0049] 1. Base plate; 2. Detection box; 3. First support frame; 4. Second support frame; 5. Hyperspectral analyzer; 51. Second rotating shaft; 52. Adjusting column; 521. Marking line; 53. Spectrometer; 6. Screw; 61. Fourth gear; 7. Moving assembly; 71. Slide table; 711. Circular through hole; 712. Circular threaded hole; 72. Telescopic rod; 73. Limiting platform; 731. Semi-circular through hole; 732. Angle scale; 733. Positioning screw hole; 734. Positioning stud; 735. Rotating boss; 736. Anti-slip pad; 8. Limiting rod; 9. Transmission assembly; 91. Outer shell; 92. Handle; 93. Transmission plate; 94. First rotating shaft; 95. First gear; 96. Second gear; 97. Third gear; 10. Computer; 11. L-shaped fixing plate; 12. Box cover; 121. Slide groove; 13. Through groove; 14. Sliding plate; 141. Sliding boss; 142. Semi-circular through groove; 16. Sample stage; 161. Sample plate; 162. Push-pull plate; 163. Arc-shaped groove; 17. Halogen lamp; 18. Plastic hose; 19. Angle adjustment rod; 191. First connecting post; 192. Second connecting post; 193. Third rotating shaft; 194. Rotating plate; 20. Angle adjustment hole; 21. First control panel; 22. Limiting plate; 23. Second control panel; 24. Camera. Detailed Implementation

[0050] The present invention will be further described below with reference to some specific embodiments.

[0051] Example 1

[0052] like Figure 1 As shown, a method for detecting crop nutrient status after fertilization includes the following steps:

[0053] S1. Real-time collection and storage of farmland information;

[0054] S2. Fertilizer irrigation information collection and storage;

[0055] S3. Some crops with poor sampling conditions;

[0056] S4. Use a detection device based on hyperspectral technology to diagnose the nutritional status of the sample;

[0057] S5. Adjust the fertilizer ratio based on the nutritional status diagnosis results and farmland information;

[0058] The system utilizes multiple sensors to monitor data at different locations within the farmland. Multiple first wireless modules are installed within the farmland, and the sensors are connected to these first wireless modules. These first wireless modules are wirelessly connected to a display terminal computer. The display terminal computer stores all farmland data, along with corresponding fertilizer and irrigation data, and sample nutrient status diagnostic data. The sensors include temperature and humidity sensors, rainfall sensors, air pressure sensors, pH sensors, carbon dioxide sensors, and trace element sensors.

[0059] Farmland information includes the farmland's geographical location, changes in air and soil temperature and humidity, air pressure, pH value, carbon dioxide concentration, rainfall, and soil trace element levels. This data is collected by multiple sensors at various locations and transmitted to a nearby wireless module acting as a relay point. The wireless module then transmits the collected data to a remote display terminal computer. If manual fertilization and irrigation are used, the irrigator can manually input the fertilizer and water dosage into the display terminal computer. If fully automated mechanical fertilization and irrigation are used, such as with solenoid valves controlling water pipes or fertilizer and automatic proportioning, the fertilizer ratio and irrigation information are automatically uploaded to the display terminal computer periodically. Monitoring cameras can be installed in farmland to remotely observe crop growth. For crops with poor growth, samples can be taken and the sampling locations recorded. A detection device based on hyperspectral technology can be used to diagnose the nutritional status of the samples. Hyperspectral imaging technology is based on a large number of narrow-band image data technologies. It combines imaging technology with spectral technology to detect the two-dimensional geometric space and one-dimensional spectral information of the target, and acquire continuous, narrow-band image data with high spectral resolution. Hyperspectral imaging technology can be used to perform non-destructive testing of crop nutritional status. Based on the nutritional status diagnosis results of crop samples and farmland information, a comprehensive analysis can be performed to adjust fertilizer ratios and irrigation amounts or change other external factors to improve the growth status of other crops at the sampling location.

[0060] Example 2

[0061] Specifically, such as Figures 2 to 14As shown, the detection device based on hyperspectral technology includes a base plate 1, a detection housing 2, a first support frame 3, a second support frame 4, a hyperspectral detector 5, a screw 6, a moving component 7, a limiting rod 8, and a computer 10. The first support frame 3 and the second support frame 4 are respectively fixed to the left and right sides of the base plate 1, and their heights are aligned. The screw 6 is movably connected to both the first support frame 3 and the second support frame 4, and is parallel to the top surface of the base plate 1. The limiting rod 8 is fixedly connected to both the first support frame 3 and the second support frame 4, and is parallel to the screw 6. The surface of the limiting rod 8 is threaded, while the surface of the limiting rod 8 is smooth. A transmission assembly 9 is fixed to the outer side of the upper part of the first support frame 3. One end of the screw 6 is connected to the transmission assembly 9. Both the screw 6 and the limiting rod 8 are connected to the moving assembly 7. The hyperspectral detector 5 is located at the bottom of the moving assembly 7. The detection box 2 and the computer 10 are both located on the top surface of the base plate 1. The computer 10 is positioned close to the transmission assembly 9 and is signal-connected to the hyperspectral detector 5. Figure 11 and Figure 12 The detection chamber 2 has two symmetrically hinged covers 12 on its top front and rear sides. When closed, the two covers 12 form a rectangular through-slot 13. The width of the through-slot 13 is greater than or equal to the bottom width of the hyperspectral detector 5. The through-slot 13 is provided with two sliding plates 14. The width of the sliding plates 14 corresponds to the width of the through-slot 13, and the total length of the two sliding plates 14 is greater than the length of the through-slot 13. The covers 12 are provided with sliding grooves 121 corresponding to the long sides of the sliding plates 14. Sliding bosses 141 are provided on both sides of the sliding plates 14, and the sliding bosses 141 cooperate with the sliding grooves 121. The front end of the sliding plates 14 is provided with a semi-circular through-slot 142, which corresponds to the bottom side of the hyperspectral detector 5. The detection chamber 2 is provided with a sample stage 16 and two halogen lamps 17. The halogen lamps 17 are fixed on both sides of the detection chamber 2, with the lamp openings facing the sample stage 16.

[0062] The first support frame 3 and the second support frame 4 mainly serve a supporting function. The detection box 2 can be movably connected to the top surface of the base plate 1. It is threadedly connected to the base plate 1 via an L-shaped fixing plate 11 and can be disassembled and replaced. After disassembly and removal, the bottom and top of the detection box 2 are open, and there is no fixed baffle at the bottom. That is, the bottom surface of the sample stage 16 is in contact with the top surface of the base plate 1. The position of the sample stage 16 can also be adjusted as needed. The upper surface of the sample stage 16 is used to place the crop sample to be tested. When using the detection device based on hyperspectral technology, the rotation of the screw 6 is controlled by the transmission component 9, so that the screw 6 drives the moving component 7 to move left and right. The limiting rod 8 is used to limit the moving component 7 to prevent the moving component 7 from rotating with the screw 6. The hyperspectral detector 5 located at the bottom of the moving component 7 moves with the moving component 7, so that the hyperspectral detector 5 is aligned with the crop sample to be tested. The hyperspectral analyzer 5 is highly sensitive to light, and external light may affect its normal operation and the crop detection results. Therefore, it needs to be tested and operated in a dark chamber. However, to keep the hyperspectral analyzer 5 completely in the dark chamber, it is usually difficult to adjust its angle, the sample, and the halogen lamp 17, making it difficult to achieve the optimal detection angle. Therefore, the sliding plate 14 fills the gap in the through-slot 13 between the two chamber covers 12. The sliding bosses 141 on both sides of the sliding plate 14 cooperate with the sliding grooves 121 on the sides of the chamber cover 12, allowing for sliding and improving the sealing of the detection chamber 2. The influence of low external light sources is minimized; when the sliding plate 14 reaches the hyperspectral detector 5, the semi-circular through groove 142 can basically fit the side of the hyperspectral detector 5, preventing light leakage to the greatest extent and further improving the sealing degree inside the detection box 2; since the total length of the two sliding plates 14 is greater than the length of the through groove 13, even if the hyperspectral detector 5 is not in the middle of the through groove 13, the sliding plate 14 can cover the through groove 13 and will not leak light because one of the sliding plates 14 is not long enough. The lengths of the two sliding plates 14 can be the same or one can be longer than the other; the sliding boss 141 and the sliding groove 121 are both rectangular, which can limit the sliding plate 14, so that even if the sliding plate 14 is too long, it will not tilt or fall over; the computer 10 is used to calculate and display the nutritional status of crops.

[0063] refer to Figure 6 and Figure 7The transmission assembly 9 includes a housing 91, a handle 92, a transmission plate 93, a first rotating shaft 94, a first gear 95, a second gear 96, and a third gear 97; a fourth gear 61 is provided at one end of the screw 6, and the screw 6 is fixed at the center position of the fourth gear 61; the housing 91 is fixed to the outer side of the upper part of the first support frame 3; the first gear 95, the second gear 96, the third gear 97, and the fourth gear 61 are all located inside the housing 91, and the handle 92, the transmission plate 93, and the first rotating shaft 94 are all located outside the housing 91; the handle 92... 2. One end of the transmission plate 93 is movably connected to the transmission plate 93, and the other end of the transmission plate 93 is fixedly connected to one end of the first rotating shaft 94; the other end of the first rotating shaft 94 is fixedly connected to the center of the first gear 95; the edge of the first gear 95 meshes with the edge of the second gear 96 for transmission; the third gear 97 is fixed at the center of the second gear 96; the edge of the fourth gear 61 meshes with the edge of the third gear 97 for transmission; the second gear 96 is larger than the first gear 95 and the third gear 97; the fourth gear 61 is larger than the third gear 97. The shafts of the second gear 96 and the third gear 97 are movably connected to the housing 91, and can be connected to the housing 91 via bearings.

[0064] The edges of the first gear 95, the second gear 96, the third gear 97, and the fourth gear 61 are all provided with meshing teeth (not shown in the figure). When adjusting the left and right positions of the hyperspectral detector 5, the transmission plate 93 is driven by rotating the handle 92. The transmission plate 93 drives the first rotating shaft 94. The first rotating shaft 94 drives the first gear 95 to rotate. The second gear 96, which meshes with the first gear 95, rotates accordingly. The third gear 97, which is coaxial with the second gear 96, rotates at the same time and drives the fourth gear 61. The fourth gear 61 drives the screw 6 to rotate. Because the diameter of the first driving gear 95 is smaller than that of the second driven gear 96, when the first gear 95 rotates one revolution, the second gear 96 may only rotate one-third of a revolution. Since the third gear 97 is coaxially fixed with the second gear 96, although the diameter of the third gear 97 is also small, it will also rotate the same one-third revolution as the second gear 96. Since the diameter of the fourth gear 61 is larger than that of the third gear 97, when the third gear 97 rotates one-third of a revolution, the fourth gear 61 may only rotate one-sixth of a revolution. Since the screw 6 is coaxially fixed with the fourth gear 61, the screw 6 also rotates one-sixth of a revolution. Since the tester typically places the crop to be tested approximately in the center of the sample stage 16, and the initial position of the hyperspectral analyzer 5 is also usually in the center, even if the placement deviates slightly from the center, the screw 6 needs to be rotated slowly when adjusting the left and right position of the hyperspectral analyzer 5. This allows the hyperspectral analyzer 5 to move slowly, improving accuracy and alignment efficiency, preventing sudden overshooting and subsequent backshooting, which would make it difficult to align with the crop sample, wasting time and testing efficiency. The specific sizes of the first gear 95, second gear 96, third gear 97, and fourth gear 61 are set according to the actual situation.

[0065] refer to Figure 2 The moving assembly 7 includes a slide 71, a telescopic rod 72, and a limiting platform 73. The slide 71 has a circular through hole 711 and a circular threaded hole 712 in the same direction on its side. The screw 6 passes through the circular threaded hole 712 and is threadedly connected to the slide 71. The limiting rod 8 passes through the circular through hole 711 and is movably connected to the slide 71, allowing it to slide. The telescopic rod 72 is fixed to the bottom of the slide 71 and is used for vertical extension and retraction. The top of the limiting platform 73 is connected to the bottom of the telescopic rod 72. The limiting platform 73 has an opening facing the top surface of the base plate 1. The hyperspectral detector 5 is located within the opening, with a width matching the size of the opening, and is movably connected to the limiting platform 73 via a second rotating shaft 51. The spectrometer 53 at the bottom of the hyperspectral detector 5 faces the through groove 13 and the sample stage 16.

[0066] The screw 6 is threadedly engaged with the slide 71. When the screw 6 rotates, the slide 71 will also move forward or backward in the direction of the thread. The limiting rod 8 is used to limit the rotation of the limiting stage 73. The telescopic rod 72 can be telescopically or manually. The specific structure is not described in detail. It is used to raise or lower the spectrometer, so that the end of the spectrometer can extend into the detection box 2. The opening is in the left and right direction, so that the limiting stage 73 can rotate left and right around the second rotating shaft 51 to adjust the appropriate angle.

[0067] refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 A semi-circular arc through-hole 731 is provided on the front side of the limiting platform 73 near the bottom; an adjusting post 52 is provided on the end face of the hyperspectral detector 5 near the front side of the limiting platform 73, the position and size of the adjusting post 52 corresponding to the semi-circular arc through-hole 731, and the length of the adjusting post 52 protruding from the semi-circular arc through-hole 731 is greater than 2cm; an angle scale 732 is provided on the front side of the limiting platform 73, the angle scale 732 is located above the semi-circular arc through-hole 731, and corresponds to the arc of the semi-circular arc through-hole 731, the arc of the semi-circular arc through-hole 731 is less than 180°; the lowest point of the angle scale 732 near the semi-circular arc through-hole 731 is set to 0°, and the scales on the left and right sides are symmetrically distributed; refer to Figure 8 and... Figure 9 The front side of the limiting platform 73 is provided with a positioning screw hole 733 and a positioning stud 734; the positioning screw hole 733 is close to the bottom of the hyperspectral detector 5; the outer end of the positioning stud 734 is fixed with a rotating boss 735, the side of the rotating boss 735 is provided with anti-slip texture for easy rotation by hand, and the shape of the rotating boss 735 can be set as a butterfly shape for easy rotation, tightening or loosening; the inner end of the positioning stud 734 is fixed with an anti-slip pad 736; the size of the positioning stud 734 corresponds to the positioning screw hole 733; both the anti-slip pad 736 and the rotating boss 735 are larger than the positioning screw hole 733. The thread position on the positioning stud 734 is close to the anti-slip pad 736.

[0068] When the hyperspectral analyzer 5 rotates left and right, the trajectory of a point on its front and rear sides is an arc. The angle can be adjusted significantly by holding the upper part of the hyperspectral analyzer 5, and then finely adjusted by holding the adjusting column 52. After confirming the angle, use the other hand to rotate the positioning stud 734. The thread of the positioning stud 734 engages with the thread in the positioning screw hole 733 of the limiting stage 73, making the anti-slip pad 736 increasingly tight against the front side of the hyperspectral analyzer 5, thus limiting changes in the angle of the hyperspectral analyzer 5. If further angle adjustment is needed, rotate in the opposite direction to move the positioning stud 734 away. (Reference) Figure 5The outer end face of the adjustment column 52 is provided with a marking line 521 corresponding to the angle scale 732. If the hyperspectral detector 5 is at an angle perpendicular to the top surface of the base plate 1, the marking line 521 is parallel to the 0 mark line on the angle scale 732. If the hyperspectral detector 5 is rotated 15° to the right, the marking line 521 is parallel to the 15 mark on the right side of the angle scale 732. If the hyperspectral detector 5 is rotated 10° to the left, the marking line 521 is parallel to the 10 mark on the left side of the angle scale 732 (not shown in the figure). This allows the testing personnel to clearly know the rotation angle of the hyperspectral detector 5, which is beneficial for calibration and the next rotation, and improves the testing efficiency and accuracy.

[0069] Further reference Figure 10 The sample stage 16 includes a rectangular sample plate 161 and a push-pull plate 162; the push-pull plate 162 is elongated, one end of the push-pull plate 162 is fixedly connected to the front side of the sample plate 161, and the other end passes through a small hole on the front side of the detection chamber 2 and is attached to the top surface of the base plate 1; the outer end of the push-pull plate 162 is provided with two corresponding arc-shaped grooves 163; the sample plate 161 is located inside the detection chamber 2, and the width of the sample plate 161 is smaller than the width of the detection chamber 2.

[0070] If the crop sample is placed too far forward or backward, even if the hyperspectral detector 5 is rotated to the left or right at a large angle, it will not be able to face the crop sample. At this time, even without opening the box cover 12, the front and back position of the sample plate 161 can be indirectly adjusted by adjusting the push-pull plate 162, so that the crop sample can also move back and forth. Then, the left and right angle of the hyperspectral detector 5 can be adjusted to align with the crop sample.

[0071] refer to Figure 13 and Figure 14The bottom of the halogen lamp 17 is connected to one end of a plastic flexible tube 18, and the other end of the plastic flexible tube 18 is connected to the side of the detection box 2. An angle adjustment rod 19 is connected to the side of the plastic flexible tube 18. The angle adjustment rod 19 includes two triangular first connecting posts 191 and second connecting posts 192, a cylindrical third rotating shaft 193, and a rectangular rotating plate 194. Two angle adjustment holes 20 are provided on the front side of the detection box 2. The two angle adjustment holes 20 are cylindrical, and the third rotating shaft 193 is also cylindrical, allowing the third rotating shaft 193 to move forward and backward and rotate. The positions of the two angle adjustment holes 20 correspond to the two plastic flexible tubes 18 respectively. The first connecting post 191... One end of the first connecting post 191 is fixed to the plastic hose 18 near the halogen lamp 17, and the other end is fixedly connected to one end of the third rotating shaft 193; one end of the second connecting post 192 is fixed to the plastic hose 18 near the side of the detection box 2, and the other end is fixedly connected to one end of the third rotating shaft 193 and the first connecting post 191; the third rotating shaft 193 passes through the angle adjustment hole 20; the other end of the third rotating shaft 193 is fixedly connected to the rotating plate 194.

[0072] The plastic flexible tube 18 can be used to adjust the irradiation angle of the halogen lamp 17 in any direction (front, back, left, right) with the help of external force. After opening the lid 12 and placing the crop sample, the direction of the plastic flexible tube 18 can be adjusted by both hands to ensure that the halogen lamp 17 is facing the crop sample. If the irradiation direction of the halogen lamp 17 is found to be deviated after closing the lid 12 and adjusting the angle of the hyperspectral detector 5, the angle adjustment rod 19 can be used to adjust the angle and irradiation direction of the halogen lamp 17. Holding the rotating plate 194 with one hand, it can be rotated left and right or pushed back and forth. It can adjust a variety of angles and directions and is very sensitive, making it very convenient to use. At least one angle camera 24 can be installed on the top side of the detection chamber 2. The camera 24 is connected to the computer 10 on the base plate 1 via a signal. The computer 10 displays the images inside the detection chamber 2 captured by the camera 24 in real time, which allows the testing personnel to adjust the position of the sample stage 16 and halogen lamp 17 inside the detection chamber 2 under sealed conditions.

[0073] refer to Figure 2The side of the detection housing 2 is provided with a first control panel 21 for controlling the opening and closing of the halogen lamp 17. A wire is connected inside the plastic flexible tube 18 to the first control panel 21. A limit plate 22 is provided on the base plate 1, perpendicular to the top surface of the base plate 1. The computer 10 is engaged with the limit plate 22. The height of the computer 10 is greater than the height of the limit plate 22. The hyperspectral analyzer 5 is connected to the computer 10 via a wire. A second control panel 23 for controlling the computer 10 and the hyperspectral analyzer 5 is provided on the top surface of the base plate 1. The limit plate 22 protects the computer 10 and limits its movement. The computer 10 can control the hyperspectral analyzer 5 and display and analyze detection data.

[0074] Example 3

[0075] A method for detecting crop nutrient status after fertilization, wherein the nutrient status diagnosis of the sample using a detection device based on hyperspectral technology includes the following steps:

[0076] Open the lid and place the crop sample at the top center of the sample stage;

[0077] After adjusting the angle of the plastic hose and the halogen lamp, close the lid.

[0078] Connect the computer, hyperspectral analyzer, and halogen lamp to the external power supply;

[0079] Control the extension and retraction of the telescopic rod to allow the bottom spectrometer to extend into the box cover;

[0080] Turn the handle with your right hand to adjust the horizontal position of the spectrometer, while pinch the arc-shaped groove of the push-pull plate 162 with your left hand and move it back and forth to adjust the front and back position of the sample plate, so that the spectrometer is close to the crop sample.

[0081] Adjust the angle of the spectrometer by moving the adjustment column to align the spectrometer with the crop sample;

[0082] Rotate or move the rotating plate back and forth to aim the halogen lamp at the crop sample;

[0083] Move the two sliding plates from both ends of the slide groove to fit against the side of the spectrometer in the semi-circular arc groove;

[0084] The hyperspectral analyzer was turned on to test crop samples, and the nutritional status of the crops could be analyzed through the computer screen.

[0085] Different operators may place crop samples slightly off the top center of the sample stage 16. The angles of the plastic hose 18 and halogen lamp 17 adjusted before closing the lid 12 may also vary depending on the operator. Therefore, adjustments after closing the lid 12 are crucial. The hyperspectral detection device offers good sealing during detection, making it difficult for external light to penetrate the detection chamber 2. Furthermore, the positions of the spectrometer 53, halogen lamp 17, and sample plate 161 can be adjusted from outside the chamber 2. The adjustment method is simple, quick, and highly accurate, making detection convenient and efficient for non-destructive testing of crops.

[0086] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Any other modifications or equivalent substitutions made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention, as long as they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A detection device based on hyperspectral technology, characterized in that, The utility model provides a high spectrum detection device, including bottom plate, detection box, first support frame, second support frame, high spectrum detector, screw rod, moving assembly, limiting rod and computer, first support frame and second support frame are fixed in the left and right sides of bottom plate respectively, the height of first support frame and second support frame is aligned, screw rod is connected with first support frame and second support frame movably respectively, and the top surface of screw rod is parallel with bottom plate, limiting rod is fixedly connected with first support frame and second support frame, and limiting rod is parallel with screw rod, the surface of screw rod is provided with screw thread, and the surface of limiting rod is smooth, the outside of first support frame upper portion is fixed with transmission assembly, one end of screw rod is transmission connection with transmission assembly, and screw rod and limiting rod are all connected with moving assembly, high spectrum detector is arranged at the bottom of moving assembly, and detection box and computer are all located the top surface of bottom plate, the position of computer is close to transmission assembly, and computer is signal connection with high spectrum detector, the top of detection box is hinged two axial symmetry's box cover on the front and back sides, two box covers form rectangle's through groove after closing, and the width of through groove is greater than or equal to the bottom width of high spectrum detector, through groove is provided with two sliding plates, the width of sliding plate corresponds with the width of through groove, and the total length of two sliding plates is greater than the length of through groove, the long side of box cover is provided with slide groove corresponding sliding plate, and the both sides of sliding plate are correspondingly provided with sliding boss, and sliding boss is matched with slide groove, the front end of sliding plate is provided with semicircle through groove, and semicircle through groove corresponds with the bottom side of high spectrum detector, sample table and two halogen lamps are arranged in the inside of detection box, halogen lamp is fixed on the both sides of detection box respectively, and light port is towards sample table.

2. The hyperspectral technology-based detection device of claim 1, wherein, The utility model provides a high spectrum detection device, including bottom plate, detection box, first support frame, second support frame, high spectrum detector, screw rod, moving assembly, limiting rod and computer, first support frame and second support frame are fixed in the left and right sides of bottom plate respectively, the height of first support frame and second support frame is aligned, screw rod is connected with first support frame and second support frame movably respectively, and the top surface of screw rod is parallel with bottom plate, limiting rod is fixedly connected with first support frame and second support frame, and limiting rod is parallel with screw rod, the surface of screw rod is provided with screw thread, and the surface of limiting rod is smooth, the outside of first support frame upper portion is fixed with transmission assembly, one end of screw rod is transmission connection with transmission assembly, and screw rod and limiting rod are all connected with moving assembly, high spectrum detector is arranged at the bottom of moving assembly, and detection box and computer are all located the top surface of bottom plate, the position of computer is close to transmission assembly, and computer is signal connection with high spectrum detector, the top of detection box is hinged two axial symmetry's box cover on the front and back sides, two box covers form rectangle's through groove after closing, and the width of through groove is greater than or equal to the bottom width of high spectrum detector, through groove is provided with two sliding plates, the width of sliding plate corresponds with the width of through groove, and the total length of two sliding plates is greater than the length of through groove, the long side of box cover is provided with slide groove corresponding sliding plate, and the both sides of sliding plate are correspondingly provided with sliding boss, and sliding boss is matched with slide groove, the front end of sliding plate is provided with semicircle through groove, and semicircle through groove corresponds with the bottom side of high spectrum detector, sample table and two halogen lamps are arranged in the inside of detection box, halogen lamp is fixed on the both sides of detection box respectively, and light port is towards sample table. The transmission assembly includes a shell, a handle, a transmission plate, a first shaft, a first gear, a second gear, and a third gear. One end of the screw rod is provided with a fourth gear, and the screw rod is fixed at the center position of the fourth gear. The shell is fixed on the outside of the upper part of the first support frame. The first gear, the second gear, the third gear, and the fourth gear are all located inside the shell, and the handle, the transmission plate, and the first shaft are all located outside the shell. The handle is movably connected with one end of the transmission plate, and the other end of the transmission plate is fixedly connected with one end of the first shaft. The other end of the first shaft is fixedly connected with the center of the first gear. The edge of the first gear is meshingly and transmissionally connected with the edge of the second gear. The third gear is fixed at the center of the second gear. The edge of the fourth gear is meshingly and transmissionally connected with the edge of the third gear. The second gear is larger than the first gear and the third gear. The fourth gear is larger than the third gear.

3. The hyperspectral technology based detection apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein, The mobile assembly comprises a sliding table, an extension rod and a limiting table; the side of the sliding table is provided with a circular through hole and a circular threaded hole in the same direction, the threaded rod is threadedly connected with the sliding table through the circular threaded hole; the limiting rod passes through the circular through hole; the extension rod is fixed at the bottom of the sliding table and is used for up-down extension; the top of the limiting table is connected with the bottom of the extension rod; the limiting table is provided with an opening facing the top surface of the bottom plate; The hyperspectral detector is located in the opening and has a width consistent with the size of the opening and is movably connected with the limiting table through a second rotating shaft; the spectrometer at the bottom of the hyperspectral detector faces the through slot and the sample table.

4. The hyperspectral technology-based detection apparatus of claim 3, wherein, A semicircular through hole is arranged at the position close to the bottom of the front side of the limiting table; an adjusting column is arranged on the end face close to the front side of the limiting table of the hyperspectral detector, the position and size of the adjusting column correspond to the semicircular through hole, the length of the adjusting column protruding from the semicircular through hole is greater than 2 cm; an angle scale is arranged on the front side of the limiting table, the angle scale is located above the semicircular through hole and corresponds to the radian of the semicircular through hole, the radian of the semicircular through hole is less than 180°; the angle scale close to the lowermost of the semicircular through hole is set to 0°, and the scales on the left and right sides are symmetrically distributed; a positioning screw hole and a positioning stud are arranged on the front side of the limiting table; the positioning screw hole is close to the bottom of the hyperspectral detector; the outer end of the positioning stud is fixed with a rotating boss, the side of the rotating boss is provided with anti-skid lines; the inner end of the positioning stud is fixed with an anti-skid pad; the size of the positioning stud corresponds to the positioning screw hole; the anti-skid pad and the rotating boss are larger than the positioning screw hole.

5. The hyperspectral technology based detection apparatus as claimed in claim 4, wherein, The sample table comprises a rectangular sample plate and a push-pull plate; the push-pull plate is in a strip shape, one end of the push-pull plate is fixedly connected with the front side of the sample plate, and the other end passes through a small hole on the front side of the detection box body and is attached to the top surface of the bottom plate; two mutually corresponding arc-shaped grooves are arranged on the outer end of the push-pull plate; the sample plate is located in the detection box body, and the width of the sample plate is less than the width of the detection box body.

6. The hyperspectral technology based detection apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein, One end of the plastic hose connected with the bottom of the halogen lamp, the other end of the plastic hose is connected with the side of the detection box body; the side of the plastic hose is connected with an angle adjusting rod, the angle adjusting rod comprises two triangular first connecting columns and second connecting columns, a cylindrical third rotating shaft and a rectangular rotating plate; two angle adjusting holes are arranged on the front side of the detection box body, the positions of the two angle adjusting holes correspond to the two plastic hoses respectively; one end of the first connecting column is fixed with the plastic hose and close to the halogen lamp, and the other end is fixedly connected with one end of the third rotating shaft; one end of the second connecting column is fixed with the plastic hose and close to the side of the detection box body, and the other end is fixedly connected with one end of the third rotating shaft and the first connecting column; the third rotating shaft passes through the angle adjusting hole; the other end of the third rotating shaft is fixedly connected with the rotating plate.

7. The hyperspectral technology based detection apparatus as claimed in claim 6, wherein, The side of the detection box is provided with a first control panel for controlling the opening and closing of the halogen lamp, and a wire is connected in the plastic hose and connected with the first control panel; the bottom plate is provided with a limiting plate which is perpendicular to the top surface of the bottom plate, and the computer is clamped with the limiting plate; the height of the computer is greater than the height of the limiting plate, and the hyperspectral detector is connected with the computer through a wire; the top surface of the bottom plate is provided with a second control panel for controlling the computer and the hyperspectral detector.

8. A method of detecting the nutritional status of a crop for fertilization, characterized by, The method comprises the steps of: Real-time acquisition and storage of farmland information; Fertilizer irrigation information acquisition and storage; Part of the crop with poor sampling state; Nutritional status diagnosis of the sample by using the hyperspectral technology-based detection device of claim 7; Adjusting the fertilizer ratio according to the nutritional status diagnosis result and the farmland information; The display terminal computer stores all farmland data and corresponding fertilizer irrigation data and sample nutritional status diagnosis data.

9. A method of detecting the nutritional status of a crop for fertilization according to claim 8, wherein, The sensors include temperature and humidity sensors, rainfall sensors, air pressure sensors, PH sensors, carbon dioxide sensors and trace element sensors.

10. A method of detecting the nutritional status of a crop for fertilization according to claim 8, wherein, The method for nutritional status diagnosis of the sample by using the hyperspectral technology-based detection device comprises the steps of: Opening the box cover and placing the crop sample on the top middle position of the sample table; Adjusting the irradiation angle of the plastic hose and the halogen lamp and closing the box cover; Connecting the external power supply of the computer, the hyperspectral detector and the halogen lamp; Controlling the extension and retraction of the telescopic rod to make the bottom spectrometer extend into the box cover; Rotating the handle with the right hand to adjust the lateral position of the spectrometer, and moving the arc-shaped groove of the push-pull plate forward and backward with the left hand to adjust the front and back position of the sample plate, so that the spectrometer is close to the crop sample; Fine-tuning the angle of the spectrometer by adjusting the column, so that the spectrometer is aligned with the crop sample; Rotating or moving the rotating plate forward and backward to make the halogen lamp aligned with the crop sample; Respectively moving the two sliding plates from both ends of the sliding groove to the semicircular arc through slot and the side of the spectrometer; Turning on the hyperspectral detector to detect the crop sample, and analyzing the nutritional status of the crop through the computer screen.

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