An ordered array cation exchange membrane and its preparation method and application
By filling a template with a cation solution and combining it with a second cation exchange membrane, followed by separation after water absorption and swelling, an ordered array of cation exchange membranes was prepared. This solved the problem of insufficient proton conductivity and achieved high-efficiency membrane electrode performance and low-cost large-area fabrication.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SUZHOU ZHONGKE HYDROGEN ELECTRIC TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2021-07-29
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-07
AI Technical Summary
In the current technology, the preparation and application of ordered proton conductor arrays have not yet reached an ideal state, especially in proton exchange membrane fuel cells, where proton conductivity is insufficient, and existing methods are difficult to guarantee the binding capacity of electrodes and electrolytes, and are not suitable for mass production.
A template with an ordered nanopore array is used to fill a cation solution and evaporate and solidify it to form a first cation exchange membrane. Then, it is combined with a second cation exchange membrane, swells after absorbing water, and is separated from the template to prepare an ordered array cation exchange membrane.
A highly intact nanoarray structure was achieved, the template is reusable, the three-phase interface problem was solved, the performance of the membrane electrode and the catalyst utilization rate were improved, the cost was reduced, and it is suitable for large-area preparation.
Smart Images
Figure CN115692804B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of new energy technology, specifically relating to an ordered array cation exchange membrane, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology
[0002] Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) systems boast advantages such as high energy density and high conversion efficiency, and are expected to find widespread application in electric vehicles, drones, laptops, power plants, and other fields. The membrane electrode assembly (MEA) is the core component of a PEMFC, converting the chemical energy of the fuel into electrical energy. A high-performance MEA will bring a series of significant benefits, such as increased power density, reduced catalyst loading, extended lifespan, and lower costs.
[0003] Membrane electrode assembly (MEA) technology has evolved through three generations: the diffusion layer method, the catalyst coating thin film method (CCM method), and the ordered MEA method. The ordered MEA method, representing the third generation of MEA technology, is currently the most advanced method for preparing fuel cell MEAs. The characteristic of an ordered MEA is the simultaneous presence of high-speed transport channels for charge, protons, and matter, enabling each nanocatalyst to operate at high efficiency. Research shows that this ordered MEA can significantly improve MEA stability, catalyst utilization, and mass transport rate, as well as enhance fuel cell performance and reduce MEA costs. The third-generation ordered MEA is currently a key research focus and hot topic in MEA research, with researchers both domestically and internationally conducting extensive studies. Several universities and research institutions in China have also made significant progress in this area.
[0004] The fabrication of ordered membrane electrodes typically involves building an ordered membrane electrode on a pre-existing micro / nanostructure material. Currently, two main types of ordered micro / nanostructure materials are commonly used: ordered electronic conductor arrays and ordered proton conductor arrays. Consequently, two fabrication approaches for ordered membrane electrodes have emerged, as follows: The first approach uses ordered electronic conductor arrays as a basis for fabricating ordered membrane electrodes. This is primarily achieved by fabricating conductive support arrays or arrays of the catalyst itself, and then combining them with a proton exchange membrane. The second approach uses ordered proton conductor arrays as a basis for fabricating ordered membrane electrodes. This involves fabricating proton-conducting micro / nanostructures on a proton exchange membrane, loading a catalyst, and combining this with a gas diffusion layer to create another type of ordered membrane electrode.
[0005] In principle, an ordered proton conductor array can significantly improve the performance of the membrane electrode because the conductivity of the proton conductors in the catalyst layer is only 0.15 Scm. -1 It is far lower than the conductivity of the electronic conductors within it (100 Scm). -1Therefore, the demand for proton conduction is even stronger. However, early studies often involved fabricating large-scale micron-sized array structures on Nafion membranes. These structures could increase the surface roughness of the proton exchange membrane and initially demonstrated the advantages of ordered proton conductor arrays. Later, nanoimprinting was used to increase the array density; however, the height of these arrays was very low, resulting in a minimal increase in surface area. Moreover, the array height was much lower than the thickness of the catalyst layer, making it difficult to penetrate the catalyst layer, thus the performance improvement was not significant. Recently, researchers have proposed a method using porous polycarbonate membranes as templates to prepare proton conductor arrays with both high density and length. However, these arrays have poor orderliness and need to be transferred to Nafion membranes, leading to less than ideal performance.
[0006] In summary, due to various reasons, the fabrication and application of ordered proton conductor arrays have not yet reached an ideal state. To address the aforementioned shortcomings of existing technologies, Chinese patent document CN1983684A discloses an ordered membrane electrode for proton exchange membrane fuel cells, its fabrication, and its application. This method involves spraying or casting a polymer electrolyte onto the proton exchange membrane, followed by spraying or casting a catalyst layer. While this method is suitable for proton exchange membranes, the polymer electrolyte membrane is not an integrated structure; however, it is difficult to guarantee the bonding ability between the electrode and the electrolyte, and it is not suitable for mass production. Summary of the Invention
[0007] The main objective of this invention is to provide an ordered array cation exchange membrane, its preparation method, and its application, so as to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art.
[0008] To achieve the aforementioned objectives, the technical solution adopted by this invention includes:
[0009] This invention provides a method for preparing an ordered array cation exchange membrane, comprising:
[0010] Provide templates with ordered nanopore arrays;
[0011] A cation exchange solution is filled into the template and then evaporated and solidified to form a first cation exchange membrane;
[0012] A second cation exchange membrane is coated on the first cation exchange membrane to form a cation exchange membrane with an ordered array.
[0013] The cation exchange membrane absorbs water and swells;
[0014] The cation exchange membrane is separated from the template to obtain an ordered array of cation exchange membranes.
[0015] Furthermore, the method for preparing the ordered array cation exchange membrane includes:
[0016] A cation exchange membrane is formed by filling a chemically modified template with a cation solution and then curing it.
[0017] The first cation exchange membrane is combined with the second cation exchange membrane to form a composite cation exchange membrane;
[0018] The composite cation exchange membrane is brought into contact with water or water vapor, causing it to absorb water and swell.
[0019] The composite cation exchange membrane is separated from the template to obtain an ordered array cation exchange membrane.
[0020] Furthermore, the cation solution is evaporated and solidified at a temperature of 50℃-200℃, and the thickness of the first cation exchange membrane obtained after solidification is 1μm-500μm.
[0021] Furthermore, the method for preparing the ordered array cation exchange membrane includes: hot-pressing a first cation exchange membrane and a second cation exchange membrane together to form a composite cation exchange membrane;
[0022] Preferably, the hot-pressing composite is performed at a pressure of 0.1 MPa-50 MPa and a hot-pressing temperature of 50℃-200℃.
[0023] Furthermore, the cation exchange membrane or composite cation exchange membrane absorbs water at a temperature of 0℃-100℃ for a time of 1-100min.
[0024] This invention also provides an ordered array cation exchange membrane prepared by the method.
[0025] This invention also provides a membrane electrode assembly, including the ordered array of cation exchange membranes.
[0026] The present invention also provides the application of the ordered array cation exchange membrane or the membrane electrode assembly in an electrochemical device.
[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
[0028] (1) The method for preparing an ordered array cation exchange membrane provided by the present invention is to obtain a composite cation exchange membrane by combining a first cation exchange membrane and a second preparation membrane. After absorbing water or coming into contact with water vapor, the membrane peeling process can be fast and smooth. The prepared cation exchange membrane contains a high degree of integrity of the nano-array structure. The template after peeling can be reused multiple times, and its size can be controlled over a wide range. That is, by solving the problem of template surface and interface control, a large area template can be made intact and reusable, ensuring the formation of a large area ordered array ion exchange membrane and smooth peeling from the template, so as to achieve low consumption and large area preparation of ordered nano-array structure cation exchange membrane. Moreover, this preparation method can greatly improve efficiency and reduce cost, and can be used for subsequent engineering scale-up preparation.
[0029] (2) Compared with ordinary cation exchange membranes, the cation exchange membrane with ordered nanoarray structure prepared in this invention can build high-speed channels for electron, proton and mass transport in the membrane electrode assembly, solve the problem of three-phase interface, realize the efficient utilization of Pt catalyst, and improve the performance of large-area ordered membrane electrode; it is expected to have advantages such as higher specific power, lower Pt loading and higher battery cost performance. Attached Figure Description
[0030] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0031] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method for preparing the ordered array cation exchange membrane of this application.
[0032] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the preparation of an ordered conical array cation exchange membrane according to one embodiment of this application.
[0033] Figure 3a and Figure 3b This is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of the ordered nanoarray structure of the template described in the embodiments of the present invention.
[0034] Figure 4a and Figure 4b This is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of the cation exchange membrane array pattern described in the embodiments of the present invention.
[0035] Figure 5a and Figure 5b These are scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the front side of the template after the cation exchange membrane is peeled off, as described in Embodiment 1 and Comparative Example 1 of this invention.
[0036] Figure 6 These are scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the cation exchange membrane array patterns described in Embodiment 1 and Comparative Example 2 of the present invention.
[0037] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Template; 2. First cation exchange membrane; 3. Second cation exchange membrane; 4. Ordered array cation exchange membrane. Detailed Implementation
[0038] The invention will be more fully understood through the following detailed description, which should be read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Detailed embodiments of the invention are disclosed herein; however, it should be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, which may be embodied in various forms. Therefore, the specific functional details disclosed herein should not be construed as limiting, but rather as the basis for the claims and as intended to teach those skilled in the art to employ the representative basis of the invention in different ways in any suitable detailed embodiment.
[0039] In view of the many shortcomings of the existing technology, the inventors of this invention have proposed the technical solution of the present invention through long-term research and extensive practice, which will be described in detail below.
[0040] One aspect of this invention provides a method for preparing an ordered array cation exchange membrane, comprising:
[0041] Provide templates with ordered nanopore arrays;
[0042] A cation exchange solution is filled into the template and then evaporated and solidified to form a first cation exchange membrane;
[0043] A second cation exchange membrane is coated on the first cation exchange membrane to form a cation exchange membrane with an ordered array.
[0044] The cation exchange membrane absorbs water and swells;
[0045] The cation exchange membrane is separated from the template to obtain an ordered array of cation exchange membranes.
[0046] In some preferred embodiments, the method for preparing the ordered array cation exchange membrane includes:
[0047] A cation exchange membrane is formed by filling a chemically modified template with a cation solution and then curing it.
[0048] The first cation exchange membrane is combined with the second cation exchange membrane to form a composite cation exchange membrane;
[0049] The composite cation exchange membrane is brought into contact with water or water vapor, causing it to absorb water and swell.
[0050] The composite cation exchange membrane is separated from the template to obtain an ordered array cation exchange membrane.
[0051] In some preferred embodiments, the shape of the channels contained in the template may include any one or a combination of two or more of the following: conical, rectangular, cylindrical, Y-shaped, dendritic, etc., but is not limited thereto.
[0052] In some preferred embodiments, the template material may include metal oxides or non-metal oxides.
[0053] In some more preferred embodiments, the material of the template may include any one of alumina, silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, etc., but is not limited thereto.
[0054] In some preferred embodiments, the template contains pores with a depth of 0.1 μm-10 μm, a pore diameter and spacing of 50 nm or more, and a nanopore array area of 0.1 cm². 2 -1m 2 .
[0055] In some more preferred embodiments, the template contains conical channels with an upper diameter of 100 nm, a lower diameter of 400 nm, a channel spacing of 450 nm, and a channel height of 1.5 μm.
[0056] In some preferred embodiments, the cation solution may include any one or a combination of two or more of the following: perfluorosulfonic acid proton exchange solution, partially fluorinated sulfonic acid proton exchange solution, non-fluorosulfonic acid proton exchange solution, sulfonated polyether ether ketone proton exchange solution, sulfonated polystyrene proton exchange solution, sulfonated polybenzimidazole proton exchange solution, sulfonated polyimide proton exchange solution, sulfonated polysulfonated polysulfone proton exchange solution, and sulfonated polyether ether proton exchange solution, but is not limited thereto.
[0057] In some preferred embodiments, the temperature for evaporation and solidification of the cationic solution is 50°C-200°C.
[0058] In some preferred embodiments, the thickness of the first cation exchange membrane obtained by curing is 1 μm-500 μm.
[0059] In some preferred embodiments, the method for preparing the ordered array cation exchange membrane includes: hot-pressing a first cation exchange membrane with another cation exchange membrane to form a composite cation exchange membrane.
[0060] In some more preferred embodiments, the hot-pressing composite is performed at a pressure of 0.1 MPa-50 MPa and a hot-pressing temperature of 50°C-200°C.
[0061] In some more preferred embodiments, the thickness of the second cation exchange membrane is 1 μm-500 μm.
[0062] In some preferred embodiments, the cation exchange membrane or composite cation exchange membrane absorbs water at a temperature of 0℃-100℃ for a time of 1-100min.
[0063] Another aspect of the present invention provides an ordered array cation exchange membrane prepared by the method.
[0064] Another aspect of the present invention provides a membrane electrode assembly, including the ordered array of cation exchange membranes.
[0065] Another aspect of the present invention provides the application of the ordered array cation exchange membrane or the membrane electrode assembly in an electrochemical device.
[0066] In some preferred embodiments, the electrochemical device includes a fuel cell or an electrolyzer.
[0067] In specific implementation, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for preparing an ordered array cation exchange membrane, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes:
[0068] Provide templates with ordered nanopore arrays;
[0069] A cation exchange membrane is formed by filling a chemically modified template with a cation solution and then curing it.
[0070] The first cation exchange membrane is combined with the second cation exchange membrane to form a composite cation exchange membrane;
[0071] The composite cation exchange membrane is brought into contact with water or water vapor, causing it to absorb water and swell.
[0072] The composite cation exchange membrane is separated from the template to obtain an ordered array cation exchange membrane.
[0073] The method for preparing an ordered array cation exchange membrane provided in this invention involves a composite cation exchange membrane obtained by combining a first cation exchange membrane and a second cation exchange membrane. After absorbing water or contacting water vapor, the membrane peeling process can be rapid and smooth. The prepared cation exchange membrane contains a highly intact nanoarray structure, and the template after peeling can be reused multiple times, with its size controllable over a wide range. Compared to ordinary cation exchange membranes, the prepared cation exchange membrane with an ordered nanoarray structure can construct high-speed channels for electron, proton, and mass transport, solving the three-phase interface problem, achieving efficient utilization of Pt catalyst, and improving the performance of large-area ordered membrane electrodes. It is expected to have advantages such as higher specific power, lower Pt loading, and higher battery cost-effectiveness.
[0074] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and several preferred embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention. For test methods in the following embodiments where specific conditions are not specified, the test methods in the embodiments are all performed under conventional conditions. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of this invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
[0075] Example 1
[0076] See Figure 2 In a typical embodiment of the present invention, a method for preparing an ordered array cation exchange membrane with low consumption and large area may include the following steps:
[0077] (1) A template 1 with an ordered nanopore array is provided. The template 1 is an alumina (AAO) template with a conical array structure, such as... Figure 3a and Figure 3b As shown, the upper diameter of the hole is 100 nm, the lower diameter is 400 nm, the hole spacing is 450 nm, and the hole depth is 1.5 μm.
[0078] (2) Place the AAO template flat on the heating table, add a 9% perfluorosulfonic acid proton exchange solution (Nafion) to the top, and after the Nafion solution has fully entered the template channel, adjust the heating temperature to 90℃ and the heating time to 10min.
[0079] (3) Nation solution can be added dropwise during the heating process to adjust the thickness of the obtained Nation film to 20 μm;
[0080] (4) After the solution on the template surface evaporates, this is the first cation exchange membrane 2. The second cation exchange membrane 3 with a thickness of 200 μm is covered on it, and a pressure of 0.5 MPa is applied. The hot pressing temperature is 100℃, so that they are combined into one, forming a composite Nafion membrane.
[0081] (5) The prepared composite Nation membrane, together with the template, is brought into contact with water at a temperature of 20°C for 5 minutes.
[0082] (6) The composite Nafion membrane was peeled off gradually along the edge to separate it from the template, resulting in an ordered array of cation exchange membranes 4. (See Figure 4) Figures 4a-4b .
[0083] The ordered array cation exchange membrane 4 prepared in this embodiment is used to prepare a membrane electrode assembly, and the resulting membrane electrode assembly is applied in electrochemical devices such as fuel cells and electrolyzers.
[0084] As a variation of the present invention, the AAO template can also be other types of templates with variable pore structure and size, and the ion exchange solution can also be other types, all of which can achieve the purpose of the present invention and fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
[0085] In this embodiment, a modified single-pass template is used to prepare a nano-ordered cation exchange membrane. This achieves both affinity between the solution and the template on the surface of the AAO template during the fabrication of the Nafion array, and smooth detachment and peeling after fabrication without damaging the template or the array. This allows the Nafion nanoarray to be directly peeled off from the AAO template, enabling the reuse of the AAO template and the fabrication of large-area ordered membrane electrodes. This allows for the fabrication of ion conductors with tunable dimensions, significantly increasing the three-phase interface (electrons, protons, and matter), with precise control, a simple process, and the potential for large-scale production.
[0086] The cation exchange membrane of this invention has an ordered nanoscale array structure. The membrane electrode made from it can order the proton, electron and matter channels, reduce electrochemical polarization and concentration polarization, improve charge transport capacity and high current discharge performance, significantly improve battery performance, improve catalyst utilization, reduce catalyst loading and improve fuel cell life.
[0087] Example 2
[0088] See Figure 2 In a typical embodiment of the present invention, a method for preparing an ordered array cation exchange membrane with low consumption and large area may include the following steps:
[0089] A template 1 with an ordered nanopore array is provided. This template 1 is an alumina (AAO) template with a conical array structure, such as... Figure 3a and Figure 3b As shown, the upper diameter of the hole is 100 nm, the lower diameter is 400 nm, the hole spacing is 450 nm, and the hole depth is 1.5 μm.
[0090] (2) Place the AAO template flat on the heating table, add a 9% perfluorosulfonic acid proton exchange solution (Nafion) to the top, and after the Nafion solution has fully entered the template channel, adjust the heating temperature to 50℃ and the heating time to 10min.
[0091] (3) Nafion solution can be added dropwise during the heating process to adjust the thickness of the obtained Nafion film to 5 μm;
[0092] (4) After the solution on the template surface evaporates, this is the first cation exchange membrane 2. The second cation exchange membrane 3 with a thickness of 20 μm is placed on top, and a pressure of 0.1 MPa is applied. The hot pressing temperature is 120℃, so that they are combined into one, forming a composite Nation membrane.
[0093] (5) The prepared composite Nafion membrane, together with the template, is brought into contact with water at 0°C for 1 min.
[0094] (6) The composite Nation membrane was peeled off gradually along the edge to separate it from the template, thus obtaining an ordered array of cation exchange membranes 4.
[0095] Example 3
[0096] See Figure 2 In a typical embodiment of the present invention, a method for preparing an ordered array cation exchange membrane with low consumption and large area may include the following steps:
[0097] (1) A template 1 with an ordered nanopore array is provided. The template 1 is an alumina (AAO) template with a conical array structure, such as... Figure 3a and Figure 3b As shown, the upper diameter of the hole is 100 nm, the lower diameter is 400 nm, the hole spacing is 450 nm, and the hole depth is 1.5 μm.
[0098] (2) Place the AAO template flat on the heating table, add a 9% perfluorosulfonic acid proton exchange solution (Nafion) to the top, and after the Nafion solution has fully entered the template channel, adjust the heating temperature to 120℃ and the heating time to 5min.
[0099] (3) Nafion solution can be added dropwise during the heating process to adjust the thickness of the obtained Nafion film to 100 μm;
[0100] (4) After the solution on the template surface evaporates, this is the first cation exchange membrane 2. The second cation exchange membrane 3 with a thickness of 150 μm is placed on top, and a pressure of 1 MPa is applied. The hot pressing temperature is 140℃, so that they are combined into one, forming a composite Nafion membrane.
[0101] (5) The prepared composite Nafion membrane, together with the template, is brought into contact with water at 100°C for 50 minutes.
[0102] (6) The composite Nafion membrane was peeled off gradually along the edge to separate it from the template and obtain an ordered array of cation exchange membranes 4.
[0103] Comparative Example 1
[0104] This comparative example provides a method for preparing an ordered array cation exchange membrane. Compared with Example 1, the difference is that step (4) is deleted, while the other steps remain unchanged.
[0105] Comparative Example 2
[0106] This comparative example provides a method for preparing an ordered array cation exchange membrane. Compared with Example 1, the difference is that step (5) is deleted, while the other steps remain unchanged.
[0107] Comparative Example 3
[0108] This comparative example provides a method for preparing an ordered array cation exchange membrane, comprising:
[0109] (1) A template with an ordered nanopore array is provided. The template is an alumina (AAO) template with a conical array structure, an upper diameter of 100 nm, a lower diameter of 400 nm, a pore spacing of 450 nm, and a pore depth of 1.5 μm.
[0110] (2) Place the AAO template flat on the heating table, add a 9% perfluorosulfonic acid proton exchange solution (Nation) to the top, and after the Nafion solution has fully entered the template channel, adjust the heating temperature to 90℃ and the heating time to 10min.
[0111] (3) Nafion solution can be added dropwise during the heating process to adjust the thickness of the obtained Nafion film to 200 μm;
[0112] (4) Remove the template with an etchant to obtain an ordered array of cation exchange membranes.
[0113] The methods used to prepare the ordered array cation exchange membranes in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were compared.
[0114] As can be seen from Comparative Example 1, the fourth step of the composite film preparation in Example 1 was not performed. This was observed from the SEM images. Figure 5a This is a front view of the template after the membrane has been removed in the embodiment. It can be seen that there is relatively little cation exchange membrane residue, while Figure 5b This is a diagram of Comparative Example 1, in which there is a large amount of residue after the film is removed, which is not conducive to the repeated use of the template.
[0115] As shown in Comparative Example 2, without performing the fifth step of water absorption and film removal in Example 1, i.e., contact with water or water vapor, [the film was not removed]. Figure 6 SEM images show that the left part of the image is a front view of the cation exchange membrane array obtained by peeling off the membrane after water absorption, and the right part of the image is a front view of the cation exchange membrane array obtained by peeling off the membrane in the dry state. The comparison shows that the array of membranes peeled off in the dry state is not complete enough, the array is broken, and there are many defects. Moreover, the residual parts remain inside the template, which is not conducive to the repeated use of the template.
[0116] As shown in Comparative Example 3, the membrane removal method involves using an etchant to remove the template. The template is used only once, which increases costs and is not conducive to the large-scale preparation of ordered array cation exchange membranes.
[0117] In addition, the inventors of this case also conducted experiments with other raw materials, process operations, and process conditions described in this specification, referring to the aforementioned embodiments, and obtained relatively ideal results in all cases.
[0118] Although the invention has been described with reference to illustrative embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that various other changes, omissions, and / or additions can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and that elements of the described embodiments can be substituted with substantially equivalents. Furthermore, many modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention to adapt particular situations or materials to the teachings of the invention. Therefore, this invention is not intended to be limited to the specific embodiments disclosed for carrying out the invention, but rather is intended to encompass all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims
1. A method for preparing an ordered array cation exchange membrane, characterized in that... include: A template with an ordered array of nanopores is provided, wherein the shape of the pores contained in the template includes any one or a combination of two or more of the following: conical, rectangular, cylindrical, Y-shaped, and dendritic. A cation exchange solution is filled into the template and then evaporated and solidified to form a first cation exchange membrane; A second cation exchange membrane is coated on the first cation exchange membrane and hot-pressed to form a composite cation exchange membrane with an ordered array. The composite cation exchange membrane absorbs water and swells. The composite cation exchange membrane is separated from the template to obtain an ordered array cation exchange membrane.
2. The method for preparing an ordered array cation exchange membrane according to claim 1, characterized in that... include: The cation solution is filled into the chemically modified template and then evaporated and solidified to form the first cation exchange membrane. A second cation exchange membrane is coated on the first cation exchange membrane, and the hot-pressing composite is performed to form a composite cation exchange membrane with an ordered array. The composite cation exchange membrane is brought into contact with water or water vapor, causing it to absorb water and swell. The composite cation exchange membrane is separated from the template to obtain an ordered array cation exchange membrane.
3. The method for preparing an ordered array cation exchange membrane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shape of the channels contained in the template includes a conical shape.
4. The method for preparing an ordered array cation exchange membrane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The template material includes metal oxides or non-metal oxides.
5. The method for preparing an ordered array cation exchange membrane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The template contains pores with a depth of 0.1µm-10µm, a pore diameter and spacing of over 50nm, and a nanopore array area of 0.1cm². 2 -1m 2 .
6. The method for preparing an ordered array cation exchange membrane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cation solution includes any one or a combination of two or more of the following: perfluorosulfonic acid proton exchange solution, partially fluorinated sulfonic acid proton exchange solution, non-fluorosulfonic acid proton exchange solution, sulfonated polyether ether ketone proton exchange solution, sulfonated polystyrene proton exchange solution, and sulfonated polybenzimidazole proton exchange solution.
7. The method for preparing an ordered array cation exchange membrane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature for evaporation and solidification of the cationic solution is 50℃-200℃.
8. The method for preparing an ordered array cation exchange membrane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the first cation exchange membrane is 1µm-500µm.
9. The method for preparing an ordered array cation exchange membrane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hot-pressing composite is performed at a pressure of 0.1 MPa-50 MPa and a hot-pressing temperature of 50℃-200℃.
10. The method for preparing an ordered array cation exchange membrane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the second cation exchange membrane is 1µm-500µm.
11. The method for preparing an ordered array cation exchange membrane according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The cation exchange membrane or composite cation exchange membrane absorbs water at a temperature of 0℃-100℃ for a time of 1-100min.
12. An ordered array cation exchange membrane prepared by the method of any one of claims 1-11.
13. A membrane electrode assembly, characterized in that... Includes the ordered array cation exchange membrane as described in claim 12.
14. The use of the ordered array cation exchange membrane of claim 12 or the membrane electrode assembly of claim 13 in the preparation of an electrochemical device.
15. The application according to claim 14, characterized in that: The electrochemical device includes a fuel cell or an electrolytic cell.