Weak current sensing device based on serpentine patterned lead core current-carrying plate structure

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of electrical sensing, and discloses a weak current sensing device based on a meandering core current-carrying polar plate structure, which comprises a parallel-plate capacitor formed by an electrode plate layer, a dielectric layer and a lead-out wire, the electrode plate layer is composed of an embedded meandering core and a plate body, the embedded meandering core is uniformly and symmetrically distributed inside and outside the plate body, the electrode plate layer comprises an upper polar plate arranged at the top and a lower polar plate arranged at the bottom, the dielectric layer is arranged between the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate, and the lead-out wire is connected to the top of the upper polar plate and the bottom of the lower polar plate, so that the input system charge can be uniformly distributed on the polar plate, a uniform strong electric field sensitive to weak current can be quickly established, and the polar plate tip is not prone to heat aggregation due to current increase; in terms of signal measurement, the uniform strong electric field can facilitate linear and accurate measurement and calculation, and is free from I / V conversion and other operations on the current signal, so that the linearity and stability of the device are greatly enhanced, and the design complexity and manufacturing cost are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electrical sensing technology, specifically to a weak current sensing device based on a serpentine tread pattern core current-carrying plate structure. Background Technology

[0002] Weak current detection technology has broad application prospects in power electronics, energy management, computer technology, automotive industry, and chemical monitoring. It is of great significance to promoting the development of related fields. Currently, although high-precision current measuring instruments have been developed, with optimal measurement capabilities reaching the picoampere level, they are only used in high-tech or military research institutes. For civilian or commercial applications, such sensors are too expensive and difficult to manufacture. Ordinary current sensors, such as fluxgate sensors, shunts, and current transformers, are bulky and difficult to measure weak current parameters. Giant magnetoresistance sensors and fiber optic sensors sometimes suffer from insufficient sensitivity and low accuracy due to weak current, and their chip structures are complex, with costs still needing reduction. Therefore, we propose a weak current sensing device based on a serpentine ribbed core current-carrying plate structure. Summary of the Invention

[0003] (a) Technical problems to be solved

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a weak current sensing device based on a serpentine tread pattern current-carrying plate structure, thus solving the aforementioned problems.

[0005] (II) Technical Solution

[0006] To achieve the aforementioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a weak current sensing device based on a serpentine core current-carrying plate structure, comprising an electrode plate layer, a dielectric layer, and lead wires. The electrode plate layer, dielectric layer, and lead wires form a parallel-plate capacitor-like structure. The electrode plate layer consists of an embedded serpentine core and a plate body. The embedded serpentine core is uniformly and symmetrically distributed inside and outside the plate body. The electrode plate layer includes an upper plate disposed at the top of the sensing device and a lower plate disposed at the bottom of the sensing device. The dielectric layer is disposed between the upper plate and the lower plate. The lead wires are distributed and connected to the top of the upper plate and the bottom of the lower plate. When current flows through, the device utilizes the opposite charge accumulation effect of the parallel-plate capacitor-like structure to generate electric field information that can be extracted externally. The magnitude of this dynamic electric field intensity can be adjusted by the signal of the measuring circuit, ultimately reflecting the current value in the circuit.

[0007] Preferably, the electrode plate layer is composed of two types of materials with different electrical conductivity or conductivity properties: one material is a core material, and the other is a plate material. The plate material can be composed of a combination of metals, such as: the core is silver (Ag), and the plate is foil (AlCl3 / Al2O3); or the core is copper (Cu), and the plate is foil (AlCl3 / Al2O3); it can also be a combination of a semiconductor plate and a metal core, such as silicon and foil; but it is not limited to the above combinations.

[0008] Preferably, the dielectric layer is made of materials such as polypropylene, ceramic sheets or monoliths, and the dielectric layer serves as an insulating layer between the electrodes.

[0009] Preferably, the lead wire is made of a conductor material such as copper and is used to connect to an external high-impedance probe or interface to read the corresponding induced electric field value.

[0010] Preferably, the area of ​​the embedded serpentine conductor on the plate is greater than 90%. When the conductivity of the conductor and the plate are different, the weak current will preferentially flow only through the serpentine conductor. Since the conductor is uniformly and symmetrically laid out on the plate, a uniform current distribution within the plate can be achieved, thereby ensuring a uniform distribution of charge on the plate and ultimately achieving a uniform electric field that is easy to measure and calculate. In addition, when the conductivity of the conductor and the plate are different, it can prevent the adverse phenomenon of instantaneous overheating at the plate tip when the current is too large.

[0011] Preferably, the current sensor formed by the electrode plate layer, dielectric layer, and lead wires can read the electric field through an instrument or device with high input impedance, and is equipped with a detection system. The operation process includes the following steps:

[0012] S1: A weak current flows into the system and generates a uniformly distributed accumulated charge on the upper plate. At the same time, due to the generation of the electrical reference potential, i.e. the gradual establishment of the electric field, an induced charge will also accumulate on the lower plate. The electric field will be established quickly and the corresponding current will be generated.

[0013] S2: After the output electric field is read by the external measurement circuit, it is first amplified. The amplification factor is A. Where C is the equivalent capacitance of the system; b is the charge amplification factor, which can be any non-zero constant, and its sign and value depend on the specific circuit signal processing requirements.

[0014] S3: The voltage signal value after processing in step S2 is the integral value of the measured current as a multiple of the charge amplification factor b. Therefore, the signal obtained at this point should be differentiated and input into the system's differentiator module to finally obtain the measured current value I and output it, thus ending one complete detection cycle of the system.

[0015] (III) Beneficial Effects

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a weak current sensing device based on a serpentine treadle current-carrying plate structure, which has the following advantages:

[0017] 1. This weak current sensing device based on a serpentine-patterned current-carrying plate structure, compared with existing technologies, constructs a parallel-plate capacitor-like structure using simple and high-performance materials, enabling the conversion of a small current passing through the device into an electric field value that is proportional to its magnitude. Through effective acquisition and signal processing of this electric field value information, the weak current value can be accurately reflected. Based on the serpentine-patterned current-carrying plate structure, the charge input to the system can be effectively and uniformly distributed, generating a uniform electric field establishment mechanism with positive feedback effect, improving the linearity, reliability, and speed of the device's sensing characteristics; it also reduces the heat accumulation effect after the current increases, improving the system's anti-interference capability; in summary, this device has stable and effective sensing performance for milliampere and microampere currents. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the electrode plate layer structure of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the operation process of the present invention.

[0021] In the diagram: 1. Electrode plate layer; 2. Dielectric layer; 3. Lead wire; 4. Embedded serpentine conductor; 5. Plate body. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] Please see Figure 1-3A weak current sensing device based on a serpentine core current-carrying plate structure includes an electrode plate layer 1, a dielectric layer 2, and lead wires 3. The electrode plate layer 1, dielectric layer 2, and lead wires 3 form a parallel-plate capacitor-like structure. The electrode plate layer 1 consists of two parts: an embedded serpentine core 4 and a plate body 5. The embedded serpentine core 4 is uniformly and symmetrically distributed inside and outside the plate body 5. The electrode plate layer 1 includes an upper current-carrying plate connected to the circuit and a lower plate 7 electrically connected to the circuit reference potential. The upper plate and the lower plate are distributed at the top and bottom of the sensing device, respectively. The dielectric layer 2 is located between the upper plate and the lower plate. The lead wires 3 are distributed and connected to the top of the upper plate and the bottom of the lower plate. When current flows through, the device utilizes the opposite charge accumulation effect of the parallel-plate capacitor-like structure to generate electric field information that can be extracted externally. The magnitude of this dynamic electric field intensity can be adjusted by the signal of the measuring circuit, ultimately reflecting the current value in the circuit.

[0024] Electrode layer 1 is composed of two types of materials with different electrical conductivity or conductivity properties: one is a core material and the other is a plate material. The plate material can be composed of a combination of metals, such as: the core is silver (Ag) and the plate is foil (AlCl3 / Al2O3); or the core is copper (Cu) and the plate is foil (AlCl3 / Al2O3); it can also be a combination of a semiconductor plate and a metal core, such as silicon and foil; but it is not limited to the above combinations.

[0025] The dielectric layer 2 is made of materials such as polypropylene, ceramic sheets or monoliths, and serves as an isolation layer between the electrodes.

[0026] Lead 3 is made of conductor materials such as copper and is used to connect to an external high-impedance probe or interface to read the corresponding induced electric field value.

[0027] The dielectric materials provided by this invention are all currently low-cost and high-performance capacitor dielectric layer materials, which can improve the insulation performance, temperature stability, and high-frequency performance of the entire device, but are not limited to these materials.

[0028] The embedded serpentine conductor 4 covers more than 90% of the area of ​​the plate 5. When the conductivity of the two is different, the weak current will preferentially flow only through the serpentine conductor. Since the conductor is uniformly and symmetrically laid out on the plate, a uniform current distribution within the plate can be achieved, thereby ensuring a uniform distribution of charge on the plates and ultimately achieving a uniform electric field that is easy to measure and calculate. In addition, when the conductivity of the conductor and the plate is different, it can prevent the adverse phenomenon of instantaneous overheating at the plate tip when the current is too large.

[0029] A weak current sensing device based on a serpentine core current-carrying electrode structure, consisting of electrode plate layer 1, dielectric layer 2, and lead wire 3, generates an electric field that can be read by an instrument or device with high input impedance during operation. The integrated system workflow with attached detection device is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the main system operation processes are as follows:

[0030] S1: A weak current flows into the system and generates a uniformly distributed accumulated charge on the upper plate. At the same time, due to the generation of the electrical reference potential, i.e. the gradual establishment of the electric field, an induced charge will also accumulate on the lower plate. The electric field will be established quickly and the corresponding current will be generated.

[0031] S2: After the output electric field is read by the external measurement circuit, it is first amplified. The amplification factor is A. Where C is the equivalent capacitance of the system; b is the charge amplification factor, which can be any non-zero constant, and its sign and value depend on the specific circuit signal processing requirements.

[0032] S3: The voltage signal value after processing in S2 is the integral value of the measured current as a multiple of the charge amplification factor b. Therefore, the signal obtained at this point should be differentiated and input into the system's differentiator module to finally obtain the measured current value I and output it, thus ending one complete round of detection for the system.

[0033] The prerequisites for implementing this device are: the upper plate used to accumulate charge has good conductivity and will not consume a large amount of weak current, thus not affecting the accuracy of the electric field generated by the original current value of the circuit; when the upper plate is operating with current, it should ensure that the weak current flows uniformly through the plate or on the plate, that is, the charge needs to be uniformly distributed on the plate to generate a uniform electric field value that is easy to measure and estimate; the downstream equipment or probe used to detect this electric field value needs to have a large input impedance to ensure the accuracy and stability of the electric field value information.

[0034] On the other hand, the current sensing mechanism of this device is as follows: the charge storage capacity of the parallel-plate capacitor is C, the input charge on the upper plate is Q, the induced opposite charge on the lower plate is Q', and the value of Q is equal to that of Q. The potential difference of the electric field generated between the two plates is V. The electric field V to be measured can be expressed as: Theoretical calculations show that Q is determined by the weak input current I, Q = ∫Idt; C is determined by the plate material and structural parameters. S is the effective area of ​​the conductive portion of the two plates, and S and S' are equal; d is the distance between the two plates; ε is the dielectric constant determined by the medium between the plates; and 4πk is a constant of electrostatic force determined by the medium between the plates, d, and S. Therefore, the magnitude V of the electric field to be measured can be obtained from... This means that after the corresponding value is measured by external equipment and the necessary signal processing is performed, the magnitude of the weak current can be accurately reflected.

[0035] The architecture of this weak current sensing device based on a serpentine core current-carrying plate structure is a parallel-plate capacitor consisting of three parts: an electrode plate layer, a dielectric layer, and lead wires. The electrode plate layer comprises an embedded serpentine core and a plate body, each made of a material with different conductivity or electrical properties. The embedded serpentine core is uniformly and symmetrically distributed inside and outside the plate, and its proportion to the plate body material is greater than 90%. Based on this design, the charge of the input system can be uniformly distributed on the plate, a uniform electric field sensitive to weak currents can be quickly established, and heat accumulation at the plate tip is less likely to occur due to increased current. In terms of signal measurement, the uniform electric field facilitates linear and accurate measurement and calculation, and eliminates the need for I / V conversion of the current signal. This greatly enhances the linearity and stability of the device, and reduces design complexity and manufacturing costs.

[0036] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A weak current sensing device based on a serpentine ribbed conductor current-carrying plate structure, characterized in that: The device includes an electrode plate layer (1), a dielectric layer (2), and lead wires (3). The electrode plate layer (1), dielectric layer (2), and lead wires (3) form a parallel plate capacitor. The electrode plate layer (1) consists of two parts: an embedded serpentine core (4) and a plate body (5). The embedded serpentine core (4) is evenly and symmetrically distributed inside and outside the plate body (5). The electrode plate layer (1) includes an upper electrode plate disposed at the top of the sensing device and a lower electrode plate disposed at the bottom of the sensing device. The dielectric layer (2) is disposed between the upper electrode plate and the lower electrode plate. The lead wires (3) are distributed and connected to the top of the upper electrode plate and the bottom of the lower electrode plate.

2. The weak current sensing device based on the serpentine ribbed conductor current-carrying plate structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrode plate layer (1) is composed of two types of materials with different conductivity: one is a core material and the other is a plate material. The core is silver (Ag) and the plate is foil. / Alternatively, the conductor core may be made of copper (Cu), and the plate may be made of foil. / Alternatively, the plate may be a semiconductor plate, and the conductor may be a metal conductor.

3. The weak current sensing device based on the serpentine ribbed conductor current-carrying plate structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The medium layer (2) is made of polypropylene, ceramic or monolithic material.

4. The weak current sensing device based on the serpentine ribbed conductor current-carrying plate structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lead wire (3) is made of copper conductor wire material.

5. The weak current sensing device based on the serpentine ribbed conductor current-carrying plate structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The area of ​​the embedded serpentine guide core (4) laid on the plate (5) is greater than 90%.

6. The weak current sensing device based on a serpentine ribbed conductor current-carrying plate structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The current sensor formed by the electrode plate layer (1), dielectric layer (2) and lead wire (3) can read the electric field through an instrument or device with high input impedance, and is equipped with a detection system. The operation process includes the following steps: S1: A weak current flows into the system and generates a uniformly distributed accumulated charge on the upper plate. At the same time, due to the generation of the electrical reference potential, i.e. the gradual establishment of the electric field, an induced charge will also accumulate on the lower plate. The electric field will be established quickly and respond to the current. S2: After the output electric field is read by the external measurement circuit, it is first amplified. The amplification factor is A. Where C is the equivalent capacitance of the system; b is the charge amplification factor, which can be any non-zero constant, and its sign and value depend on the specific circuit signal processing requirements. S3: The voltage signal value after processing in S2 is the integral value of the measured current as a multiple of the charge amplification factor b. Therefore, the signal obtained at this time should be differentiated and input into the differential module of the system to finally obtain the value of the measured current I and output it, thus ending a complete round of detection of the system.

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