A photovoltaic-thermal and geothermal coupled ordered energy supply system

Abstract

This invention discloses a photovoltaic-thermal and geothermal coupled ordered energy supply system, comprising a photovoltaic-thermal collector unit, a geothermal coil heat exchanger, a first water tank, a second water tank, a battery, and a controller. The geothermal coil heat exchanger is connected to the photovoltaic-thermal collector unit via a first pipe, which passes through the photovoltaic-thermal collector unit and connects to the first water tank. The first water tank is connected to the geothermal coil heat exchanger via a second pipe. The photovoltaic-thermal collector unit is connected to the battery via a circuit, and the electrical energy generated within the photovoltaic-thermal collector unit can be stored in the battery. The first water tank is equipped with a heater and the first heat exchanger. The battery is connected to the heater and the controller via a circuit. The beneficial effects include: fully utilizing both solar and geothermal energy, two clean energy sources, significantly reducing carbon emissions from daily heating, and effectively solving the problem of unstable heat sources from a single solar heating source; therefore, it has broad application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an energy supply system, and more particularly to an ordered energy supply system that couples photovoltaic and geothermal energy. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, building energy supply includes electricity and heat. Approximately 65% ​​of electricity is supplied by coal-fired power plants, while almost all heat is supplied by coal-fired boilers. Increasing the proportion of renewable energy in buildings is a pressing issue for energy scientists. Solar photovoltaic and solar thermal technologies can reduce the temperature of photovoltaic cells and improve power generation efficiency, while also recovering and utilizing heat energy, thus significantly improving the overall utilization rate of solar energy. However, solar energy is greatly affected by weather, resulting in low energy security. Furthermore, in summer, there is nowhere to dissipate the collected solar heat, inevitably leading to energy waste. Traditional ground source heat pumps can provide heating in winter and cooling in summer. However, when the winter heat load and summer cooling load differ significantly, after years of operation, the ground temperature near the buried pipes often changes, eventually making the system difficult to operate. If a photovoltaic and solar thermal system is coupled with geothermal energy, through creative system integration, it can guarantee the provision of clean heat and electricity year-round. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The main purpose of this invention is to solve the problem that a large part of building energy supply currently relies on non-renewable energy sources, so as to increase the proportion of renewable energy supply for building energy supply;

[0004] Another objective of this invention is to effectively solve some prominent problems in the current process of heating or cooling using solar photovoltaic thermal technology and ground source heat pump technology, so as to achieve effective synergy and coupling between the two.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives and solve the above problems, the present invention provides a photovoltaic-thermal and geothermal coupled orderly energy supply system.

[0006] The photovoltaic-thermal and geothermal coupled ordered energy supply system provided by this invention includes a photovoltaic-thermal collector unit, a geothermal coil heat exchanger, a first water tank, a second water tank, a battery, and a controller. The geothermal coil heat exchanger is connected to the photovoltaic-thermal collector unit via a first pipeline. The first pipeline passes through the photovoltaic-thermal collector unit and connects to the first water tank. The first water tank is connected to the geothermal coil heat exchanger via a second pipeline. The photovoltaic-thermal collector unit is connected to the battery via a circuit. The electrical energy generated within the photovoltaic-thermal collector unit can be transferred to the battery for storage. The first water tank is equipped with a heater and a first heat exchanger. The battery is connected to the heater and the controller via a circuit, providing electrical energy to the heater and the controller. The heater is also connected to the controller and is controlled by the controller. The second water tank is equipped with a second heat exchanger. The first heat exchanger in the first water tank and the second heat exchanger in the second water tank are connected via a third pipeline.

[0007] The battery is connected to a power supply line, which supplies power to the electrical devices in the system. The battery is also connected to the mains power line. An AC / DC bidirectional inverter and a bidirectional electricity meter are installed sequentially on the line connecting the battery to the mains power line. Excess electrical energy in the battery can be transferred to the mains power line. When the electrical energy in the battery is insufficient to supply power to the electrical devices in the system, the insufficient electrical energy is provided by the mains power line.

[0008] A first water pump and a first throttle valve are installed on the first pipeline between the geothermal coil heat exchanger and the photovoltaic thermal collector unit. The first water pump and the first throttle valve are connected to the power supply line and are powered by a battery or the mains power line. Both the first water pump and the first throttle valve are connected to the controller and are controlled by the controller.

[0009] The photovoltaic thermal collector unit includes a frame, photovoltaic panels, a substrate, tempered glass with a textured surface, and an insulation back panel. The space enclosed by the frame is arranged from top to bottom with the tempered glass with a textured surface, photovoltaic panels, a substrate, and an insulation back panel. The photovoltaic panels are arranged in an array on the top surface of the substrate, and the first pipeline is attached to the bottom surface of the substrate. The photovoltaic thermal collector unit is also equipped with a first temperature sensor and a solar irradiance sensor. The first temperature sensor and the solar irradiance sensor are connected to the controller and can transmit the collected data to the controller in real time.

[0010] A bypass pipe is connected to the first pipe at both ends of the photovoltaic thermal collector unit. A second throttle valve is installed on the bypass pipe. The second throttle valve is connected to the power supply line and the controller. The second throttle valve is powered by the battery or the mains power line and is controlled by the controller.

[0011] An MPPT controller is installed on the connection line between the photovoltaic thermal collector unit and the battery. The MPPT controller is a maximum power point tracking solar controller. The MPPT controller can detect the power generation voltage of the photovoltaic panel in real time and track the highest voltage and current value, so that the photovoltaic panel can charge the battery with maximum power output.

[0012] A second temperature sensor is installed on the first pipeline between the photovoltaic thermal collector unit and the first water tank, and a third temperature sensor is installed inside the first water tank. Both the second and third temperature sensors are connected to the controller, and the second and third temperature sensors can transmit the collected data to the controller in real time.

[0013] The third pipeline between the first and second heat exchangers is a circulation pipeline. An expansion valve and a compressor are installed sequentially on the circulation pipeline. Both the expansion valve and the compressor are connected to the power supply line and the controller. The expansion valve and the compressor are powered by a battery or the mains power line, and the expansion valve and the compressor are controlled by the controller.

[0014] The first water supply tank is connected to the first water tank and the geothermal coil heat exchanger via a second pipeline. A second water pump and a first pressure sensor are sequentially installed on the connecting pipeline between the first water supply tank and the second pipeline. The second water pump is connected to a power supply line and is powered by a battery or mains power line. The first pressure sensor is connected to a controller and can transmit the collected data to the controller in real time.

[0015] The second water tank is equipped with a fourth temperature sensor. The second water tank is also connected to a fan coil unit via a fourth pipeline. Two fan coil units are connected in parallel. The fourth pipeline is a circulation pipeline and is also equipped with a third water pump. The fourth pipeline is connected to a second water supply tank via another pipeline. The connecting pipeline between the second water supply tank and the fourth pipeline is equipped with a fourth water pump and a second pressure sensor. Both the fourth temperature sensor and the second pressure sensor are connected to the controller. The fourth temperature sensor and the second pressure sensor can transmit the collected data to the controller in real time. The fan coil unit, the third water pump, and the fourth water pump are all connected to the power supply line and are powered by a battery or the mains power line. The third water pump and the fourth water pump are also connected to the controller and are controlled by the controller.

[0016] The photovoltaic thermal collector unit, geothermal coil heat exchanger, battery, controller, heater, first heat exchanger, second heat exchanger, AC / DC bidirectional inverter, bidirectional electricity meter, first water pump, first throttle valve, first temperature sensor, solar irradiance sensor, second throttle valve, MPPT controller, second temperature sensor, third temperature sensor, expansion throttle valve, compressor, second water pump, first pressure sensor, fourth temperature sensor, fan coil unit, third water pump, fourth water pump and second pressure sensor mentioned above are all assemblies of existing equipment, therefore, the specific models and specifications are not described in detail.

[0017] Working principle of the invention:

[0018] Operating Condition 1: During winter, with sufficient sunlight, photovoltaic thermal energy is adequate to meet heating needs. The solar irradiance sensor detects sunlight, and the controller activates the first water pump. Under the action of the first pump, 7°C low-temperature water enters the geothermal coil heat exchanger through the first pipeline. After exchanging heat with the soil, the temperature rises to approximately 10°C. The controller then opens the first throttle valve, allowing the 10°C low-temperature water passing through the first pipeline to carry away the heat generated by the photovoltaic thermal collector. The water temperature rises to 20°C and enters the first water tank. At this time, the heat pump circulation mode is activated on the third pipeline. The low-temperature liquid working fluid in the first heat exchanger absorbs heat from the water in the first water tank to complete the evaporation process. After evaporation and heat absorption, the low-pressure gaseous working fluid is pressurized by the compressor and becomes a high-pressure gaseous working fluid, which enters the second heat exchanger in the second water tank. In the second heat exchanger, the high-pressure gaseous working fluid releases heat to the water in the second water tank to complete condensation and liquefaction. After condensation and liquefaction, the high-pressure liquid working fluid becomes a low-pressure liquid working fluid after passing through the expansion throttle valve and returns to the first heat exchanger in the first water tank to continue evaporation and heat absorption. Under this condition, the temperature of the working fluid in the first heat exchanger is 5℃, the temperature of the working fluid in the second heat exchanger is 60℃, the water temperature in the first water tank drops from 20℃ to 7℃, and the water temperature in the second water tank rises from 30℃ to 55℃. When there is a heating requirement, the fourth temperature sensor detects that the water temperature in the second water tank has reached about 55℃, and then the water flows out through the fourth pipeline and is used to heat the room via the fan coil unit. After heating is completed, the water temperature drops to around 30℃, and is then guided back to the second water tank by the third water pump to enter the next cycle. Simultaneously, the third temperature sensor detects that the water temperature in the first water tank has dropped to around 7℃. The cooled water then passes through the second pipe between the first water tank and the geothermal coil heat exchanger, where it exchanges heat with the soil, raising its temperature to 10℃. It is then guided back into the first pipe by the first water pump to enter the next cycle. When the photovoltaic thermal system is short of water, the first pressure sensor detects that the pressure is below the set value, and the controller starts the second water pump to draw water from the first makeup water tank to replenish it. When the fan coil heating system is short of water, the second pressure sensor detects that the pressure is below the set value, and the controller starts the fourth water pump to draw water from the second makeup water tank to replenish it.

[0019] Scenario 2: During winter, sunlight is available, but photovoltaic heat is insufficient to meet heating demands. The solar irradiance sensor detects sunlight, and the controller activates the first water pump. Under the action of the first pump, 7°C low-temperature water enters the geothermal coil heat exchanger through the first pipe, exchanging heat with the soil to raise its temperature to approximately 10°C. The first throttle valve opens, allowing the low-temperature water passing through the first pipe to carry away the heat generated by the photovoltaic thermal collector, raising the water temperature. The water then flows through the first pipe into the first water tank. At this point, if the third temperature sensor detects that the water temperature in the first water tank has not reached the preset value of 20°C, the battery supplies power to the heater to supplement the heat in the first water tank, raising the water temperature to the preset value of 20°C. At this time, the heat pump circulation mode is activated on the third pipeline. The low-temperature liquid working fluid in the first heat exchanger absorbs heat from the water in the first water tank to complete the evaporation process. After evaporation and heat absorption, the low-pressure gaseous working fluid is pressurized by the compressor and becomes a high-pressure gaseous working fluid, which enters the second heat exchanger in the second water tank. In the second heat exchanger, the high-pressure gaseous working fluid releases heat to the water in the second water tank to complete condensation and liquefaction. After condensation and liquefaction, the high-pressure liquid working fluid becomes a low-pressure liquid working fluid after passing through the expansion throttle valve and returns to the first heat exchanger in the first water tank to continue evaporation and heat absorption. Under this condition, the temperature of the working fluid in the first heat exchanger is 5℃, the temperature of the working fluid in the second heat exchanger is 60℃, the water temperature in the first water tank drops from 20℃ to 7℃, and the water temperature in the second water tank rises from 30℃ to 55℃. When there is a heating requirement, the fourth temperature sensor detects that the water temperature in the second water tank has reached about 55℃, and then the water flows out through the fourth pipeline and is used to heat the room via the fan coil unit. After heating is completed, the water temperature drops to around 30℃, and is then guided back to the second water tank by the third water pump to enter the next cycle. Simultaneously, the third temperature sensor detects that the water temperature in the first water tank has dropped to around 7℃. The cooled water then passes through the second pipe between the first water tank and the geothermal coil heat exchanger, where it exchanges heat with the soil, raising its temperature to 10℃. It is then guided back into the first pipe by the first water pump to enter the next cycle. When the photovoltaic thermal system is short of water, the first pressure sensor detects that the pressure is below the set value, and the controller starts the second water pump to draw water from the first makeup water tank to replenish it. When the fan coil heating system is short of water, the second pressure sensor detects that the pressure is below the set value, and the controller starts the fourth water pump to draw water from the second makeup water tank to replenish it.

[0020] Operating Condition 3: Winter without sunlight. Under the action of the first water pump, 5°C low-temperature water enters the geothermal coil heat exchanger through the first pipeline. After heat exchange with the earth, the temperature rises to approximately 10°C. The solar radiation sensor does not detect solar radiation, and the controller instructs the first throttle valve to close and the second throttle valve to open. The 10°C water then enters the first water tank through the bypass pipe. When the third temperature sensor detects that the water temperature in the first water tank has not reached the preset value of 20°C, the battery supplies power to the heater to supplement the heat in the first water tank. If the temperature still does not meet the requirement, power is supplied from the mains line via a bidirectional electricity meter and an AC / DC bidirectional inverter to the heater to heat the water in the first water tank to the preset value of 20°C. At this time, the heat pump circulation mode is activated on the third pipeline. The low-temperature liquid working fluid in the first heat exchanger absorbs heat from the water in the first water tank to complete the evaporation process. After evaporation and heat absorption, the low-pressure gaseous working fluid is pressurized by the compressor and becomes a high-pressure gaseous working fluid, which enters the second heat exchanger in the second water tank. In the second heat exchanger, the high-pressure gaseous working fluid releases heat to the water in the second water tank to complete condensation and liquefaction. After condensation and liquefaction, the high-pressure liquid working fluid becomes a low-pressure liquid working fluid after passing through the expansion throttle valve and returns to the first heat exchanger in the first water tank to continue evaporation and heat absorption. Under this condition, the temperature of the working fluid in the first heat exchanger is 5℃, the temperature of the working fluid in the second heat exchanger is 60℃, the water temperature in the first water tank drops from 20℃ to 7℃, and the water temperature in the second water tank rises from 30℃ to 55℃. When there is a heating requirement, the fourth temperature sensor detects that the water temperature in the second water tank has reached about 55℃, and then the water flows out through the fourth pipeline and is used to heat the room via the fan coil unit. After heating is completed, the water temperature drops to around 30℃, and is then guided back to the second water tank by the third water pump to enter the next cycle. Simultaneously, the third temperature sensor detects that the water temperature in the first water tank has dropped to around 7℃. The cooled water then passes through the second pipe between the first water tank and the geothermal coil heat exchanger, where it exchanges heat with the soil, raising its temperature to 10℃. It is then guided back into the first pipe by the first water pump to enter the next cycle. When the photovoltaic thermal system is short of water, the first pressure sensor detects that the pressure is below the set value, and the controller starts the second water pump to draw water from the first makeup water tank to replenish it. When the fan coil heating system is short of water, the second pressure sensor detects that the pressure is below the set value, and the controller starts the fourth water pump to draw water from the second makeup water tank to replenish it.

[0021] Operating Condition 4: Summer Condition. When the solar irradiance sensor detects sunlight, the controller activates the first water pump. Under the action of the first pump, 40°C warm water from the first water tank enters the geothermal coil heat exchanger through the first pipe. After exchanging heat with the earth, the temperature drops to approximately 10°C. The water then enters the photovoltaic thermal collector unit through the first pipe to absorb heat. At this point, the temperature rises to 30°C, reaching the preset temperature. If the second temperature sensor detects that the water temperature in the first pipe between the photovoltaic thermal collector unit and the first water tank is higher than the preset value of 30°C, the controller immediately reduces the flow rate of the first throttle valve and increases the flow rate of the second throttle valve to lower the water temperature in the first pipe between the photovoltaic thermal collector unit and the first water tank to below or equal to the preset value of 30°C. At this point, the refrigeration cycle mode is activated on the third pipeline. The high-pressure gaseous working fluid in the first heat exchanger releases heat to the water in the first water tank, completing the condensation process. The condensed high-pressure liquid working fluid, after being throttled and depressurized by the expansion valve, becomes a low-pressure liquid working fluid and enters the second heat exchanger in the second water tank. In the second heat exchanger, the low-pressure liquid working fluid absorbs heat from the water in the second water tank and completes the evaporation process. The low-pressure gaseous working fluid that has completed the evaporation process in the second heat exchanger is then pressurized by the compressor, becoming a high-pressure gaseous working fluid, and returns to the first heat exchanger in the first water tank to continue condensing and generating heat. Under this condition, the temperature of the working fluid in the first heat exchanger is 60℃, the temperature of the working fluid in the second heat exchanger is 5℃, the water temperature in the first water tank rises from 30℃ to 40℃, and the water temperature in the second water tank drops from 20℃ to 7℃. Once the fourth temperature sensor detects that the 7℃ refrigerant water in the second water tank has reached the required temperature, it flows out through the fourth pipeline and cools the indoor air via the fan coil unit. After the indoor cooling process is complete, the water temperature rises back to 20°C and returns to the second water tank to begin the next cycle. Simultaneously, water from the first water tank enters the geothermal coil heat exchanger via the second pipe. The 40°C high-temperature water transfers heat to the soil for storage, and the water temperature rapidly drops to 10°C, entering the next cycle. When the first pressure sensor detects a water shortage inside the photovoltaic thermal collector system, the controller activates the second water pump to replenish water from the first water supply tank. When the second pressure sensor detects a water shortage inside the fan coil unit 34 water supply system, the controller activates the fourth water pump to replenish water from the second water supply tank.

[0022] The energy storage and power supply unit is connected to the municipal power grid to fully utilize and mobilize the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic and solar thermal collectors. When local thermal and solar energy supply is sufficient to meet indoor heating needs, the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic and solar thermal collectors is stored in the battery via the MPPT controller. When the water temperature in the first water tank of the system does not reach the preset temperature of 20°C, the battery directly supplies power to the heater in the first water tank to supplement heating and meet system requirements. Alternatively, it can be converted to 220V AC power through an AC / DC bidirectional inverter to power the electrical equipment in the system. Excess electricity can be used as indoor electrical load power or connected to the municipal power grid through a bidirectional electricity meter. When the system's power supply is insufficient, the bidirectional electricity meter can also draw on the electrical energy in the municipal power grid for system use.

[0023] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0024] This invention provides a photovoltaic-thermal and geothermal coupled orderly energy supply system. While utilizing photovoltaic heat for heating, the system uses electricity generated from sunlight to drive heat pumps and valves. Geothermal energy supplements the system's heat supply, and the generated heat and electricity are stored and distributed in an orderly manner. Excess electricity is stored in a battery and then fed into the mains power grid via an AC / DC bidirectional inverter. This electricity is used for auxiliary heating when the system's heating is insufficient, and can also be used to supplement the system's heating when necessary, maximizing the use of solar-generated heat and electricity for heating. Geothermal energy serves as a reliable heat storage and exchange device, supplementing the system's heat source when it is insufficient, storing excess heat when the system's heat source is sufficient, and also exchanging heat effectively with the system during summer cooling needs. By fully utilizing both solar and geothermal energy—two clean energy sources—this system significantly reduces carbon emissions from daily heating and effectively solves the problem of unstable heat sources when relying solely on solar heating, thus possessing broad application prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the photovoltaic-thermal and geothermal coupled orderly energy supply system described in this invention during heat pump circulation.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the photovoltaic-thermal and geothermal coupled orderly energy supply system described in this invention during the refrigeration cycle.

[0027] The annotations in the image above are as follows:

[0028] 1. Photovoltaic thermal collector unit; 2. Geothermal coil heat exchanger; 3. First water tank; 4. Second water tank.

[0029] 5. Battery; 6. Controller; 7. First pipeline; 8. Second pipeline; 9. Heater.

[0030] 10. First heat exchanger; 11. Second heat exchanger; 12. Third pipeline; 13. Power supply line; 14. Mains power line; 15. AC / DC bidirectional inverter; 16. Bidirectional electricity meter; 17. First water pump; 18. First throttle valve; 19. First temperature sensor; 20. Solar irradiance sensor; 22. Bypass pipe; 23. Second throttle valve; 24. MPPT controller; 25. Second temperature sensor; 26. Third temperature sensor; 27. Expansion throttle valve; 28. Compressor; 29. ​​First water supply tank; 30. Second water pump.

[0031] 31. First pressure sensor; 32. Fourth temperature sensor; 33. Fourth pipeline.

[0032] 34. Fan coil unit; 35. Third water pump; 36. Second water supply tank; 37. Fourth water pump

[0033] 38. Second pressure sensor 39. Electrical load. Detailed Implementation

[0034] Please see Figures 1 to 2 As shown:

[0035] The photovoltaic-thermal and geothermal coupled ordered energy supply system provided by this invention includes a photovoltaic-thermal collector unit 1, a geothermal coil heat exchanger 2, a first water tank 3, a second water tank 4, a battery 5, and a controller 6. The geothermal coil heat exchanger 2 is connected to the photovoltaic-thermal collector unit 1 via a first pipe 7. The first pipe 7 passes through the photovoltaic-thermal collector unit 1 and is then connected to the first water tank 3. The first water tank 3 is connected to the geothermal coil heat exchanger 2 via a second pipe 8. The photovoltaic-thermal collector unit 1 is connected to the battery 5 via a circuit. The electrical energy generated in the solar thermal collector unit 1 can be transmitted to the storage battery 5 for storage. The first water tank 3 is equipped with a heater 9 and a first heat exchanger 10. The storage battery 5 is connected to the heater 9 and the controller 6 through a line. The storage battery 5 provides electrical energy to the heater 9 and the controller 6. The heater 9 is also connected to the controller 6 and is controlled by the controller 6. The second water tank 4 is equipped with a second heat exchanger 11. The first heat exchanger 10 in the first water tank 3 and the second heat exchanger 11 in the second water tank 4 are connected through a third pipeline 12.

[0036] The storage battery 5 is connected to the power supply line 13, which supplies power to the electrical devices in the system. The storage battery 5 is also connected to the mains power line 14. An AC / DC bidirectional inverter 15 and a bidirectional electricity meter 16 are installed sequentially on the line connecting the storage battery 5 and the mains power line 14. Excess electrical energy in the storage battery 5 can be transferred to the mains power line 14. When the electrical energy in the storage battery 5 is insufficient to supply power to the electrical devices in the system, the insufficient electrical energy is provided by the mains power line 14.

[0037] A first water pump 17 and a first throttle valve 18 are installed on the first pipeline 7 between the geothermal coil heat exchanger 2 and the photovoltaic thermal collector unit 1. The first water pump 17 and the first throttle valve 18 are connected to the power supply line 13. The first water pump 17 and the first throttle valve 18 are powered by the storage battery 5 or the mains power line 14. The first water pump 17 and the first throttle valve 18 are both connected to the controller 6 and are controlled by the controller 6.

[0038] The photovoltaic thermal collector unit 1 includes a frame, photovoltaic panels, a substrate, textured tempered glass, and an insulation back panel. The space enclosed by the frame is arranged from top to bottom with textured tempered glass, photovoltaic panels, substrate, and insulation back panel. The photovoltaic panels are arranged in an array on the top surface of the substrate. The first pipe 7 is attached to the bottom surface of the substrate. The photovoltaic thermal collector unit 1 is also equipped with a first temperature sensor 19 and a solar irradiance sensor 20. The first temperature sensor 19 and the solar irradiance sensor 20 are connected to the controller 6 and can transmit the collected data to the controller 6 in real time.

[0039] A bypass pipe 22 is connected to the first pipe 7 at both ends of the photovoltaic thermal collector unit 1. A second throttle valve 23 is installed on the bypass pipe 22. The second throttle valve 23 is connected to the power supply line 13 and the controller 6. The second throttle valve 23 is powered by the storage battery 5 or the mains power line 14. The second throttle valve 23 is controlled by the controller 6.

[0040] An MPPT controller 24 is installed on the connection line between the photovoltaic thermal collector unit 1 and the storage battery 5. The MPPT controller 24 is a maximum power point tracking solar controller. The MPPT controller 24 can detect the power generation voltage of the photovoltaic panel in real time and track the highest voltage and current value, so that the photovoltaic panel can charge the storage battery 5 with maximum power output.

[0041] A second temperature sensor 25 is installed on the first pipeline 7 between the photovoltaic thermal collector unit 1 and the first water tank 3. A third temperature sensor 26 is installed inside the first water tank 3. Both the second temperature sensor 25 and the third temperature sensor 26 are connected to the controller 6. The second temperature sensor 25 and the third temperature sensor 26 can transmit the collected data to the controller 6 in real time.

[0042] The third pipeline 12 between the first heat exchanger 10 and the second heat exchanger 11 is a circulation pipeline. An expansion throttle valve 27 and a compressor 28 are installed sequentially on the circulation pipeline. Both the expansion throttle valve 27 and the compressor 28 are connected to the power supply line 13 and the controller 6. The expansion throttle valve 27 and the compressor 28 are powered by the storage battery 5 or the mains power line 14. The expansion throttle valve 27 and the compressor 28 are controlled by the controller 6.

[0043] The second pipeline 8 between the first water tank 3 and the geothermal coil heat exchanger 2 is connected to the first water supply tank 29. The second water pump 30 and the first pressure sensor 31 are installed sequentially on the connecting pipeline between the first water supply tank 29 and the second pipeline 8. The second water pump 30 is connected to the power supply line 13 and is powered by the storage battery 5 or the mains power line 14. The first pressure sensor 31 is connected to the controller 6 and can transmit the collected data to the controller 6 in real time.

[0044] The second water tank 4 is equipped with a fourth temperature sensor 32. The second water tank 4 is also connected to a fan coil unit 34 via a fourth pipe 33. Two fan coil units 34 are connected in parallel. The fourth pipe 33 is a circulation pipe. A third water pump 35 is also installed on the fourth pipe 33. A second water supply tank 36 is connected to the fourth pipe 33 via a pipe. A fourth water pump 37 and a second pressure sensor 38 are installed sequentially on the connecting pipe between the second water supply tank 36 and the fourth pipe 33. The fourth temperature sensor 32 and the second pressure sensor 38 are both connected to the controller 6. The fourth temperature sensor 32 and the second pressure sensor 38 can transmit the collected data to the controller 6 in real time. The fan coil unit 34, the third water pump 35 and the fourth water pump 37 are all connected to the power supply line 13. The fan coil unit 34, the third water pump 35 and the fourth water pump 37 are powered by the battery 5 or the mains power line 14. The third water pump 35 and the fourth water pump 37 are also connected to the controller 6 and are controlled by the controller 6.

[0045] The photovoltaic thermal collector unit 1, geothermal coil heat exchanger 2, battery 5, controller 6, heater 9, first heat exchanger 10, second heat exchanger 11, AC / DC bidirectional inverter 15, bidirectional electricity meter 16, first water pump 17, first throttle valve 18, first temperature sensor 19, solar irradiance sensor 20, second throttle valve 23, MPPT controller 24, second temperature sensor 25, third temperature sensor 26, expansion throttle valve 27, compressor 28, second water pump 30, first pressure sensor 31, fourth temperature sensor 32, fan coil unit 34, third water pump 35, fourth water pump 37, and second pressure sensor 38 mentioned above are all assemblies of existing equipment; therefore, their specific models and specifications are not detailed here.

[0046] Working principle of the invention:

[0047] Operating Condition 1: During winter, sunlight is available, and photovoltaic thermal energy is sufficient to meet heating needs. Solar irradiance sensor 20 detects sunlight, and controller 6 activates the first water pump 17. Under the action of the first water pump 17, 7°C low-temperature water enters the geothermal coil heat exchanger 2 through the first pipe 7, and after exchanging heat with the soil, its temperature rises to approximately 10°C. Controller 6 controls the first throttle valve 18 to open, allowing the 10°C low-temperature water passing through the first pipe 7 to carry away the heat generated by the photovoltaic thermal collector unit 1, raising the water temperature to 20°C before entering the first water tank 3. At this time, the heat pump circulation mode is started on the third pipeline 12. The low-temperature liquid working fluid in the first heat exchanger 10 absorbs heat from the water in the first water tank 3 to complete the evaporation process. After evaporation and heat absorption, the low-pressure gaseous working fluid is pressurized by the compressor 28 and becomes a high-pressure gaseous working fluid, which enters the second heat exchanger 11 in the second water tank 4. The high-pressure gaseous working fluid releases heat to the water in the second water tank 4 in the second heat exchanger 11 to complete condensation and liquefaction. After condensation and liquefaction, the high-pressure liquid working fluid becomes a low-pressure liquid working fluid after passing through the expansion throttle valve 27 and returns to the first heat exchanger 10 in the first water tank 3 to continue evaporation and heat absorption. Under this condition, the temperature of the working fluid in the first heat exchanger 10 is 5℃, the temperature of the working fluid in the second heat exchanger 11 is 60℃, the water temperature in the first water tank 3 drops from 20℃ to 7℃, and the water temperature in the second water tank 4 rises from 30℃ to 55℃. When heating is required, the fourth temperature sensor 32 detects that the water temperature in the second water tank 4 has reached approximately 55°C. The water then flows out through the fourth pipe 33 and passes through the fan coil unit 34 to heat the room. After heating is complete, the water temperature drops to approximately 30°C and is then guided back to the second water tank 4 by the third water pump 35 to enter the next cycle. Simultaneously, the third temperature sensor 26 detects that the water temperature in the first water tank 3 has dropped to approximately 7°C. The cooled water flows through the second pipe 8 between the first water tank 3 and the geothermal coil heat exchanger 2, and then exchanges heat with the soil through the geothermal coil heat exchanger 2, raising the water temperature to 10°C. It is then guided by the first water pump 17 into the first pipe 7 to enter the next cycle. When the photovoltaic thermal system is short of water, the first pressure sensor 31 detects that the pressure is lower than the set value, and the controller 6 starts the second water pump 30 to draw water from the first water supply tank 29 to replenish water; when the fan coil unit 34 heating system is short of water, the second pressure sensor 38 detects that the pressure is lower than the set value, and the controller 6 starts the fourth water pump 37 to draw water from the second water supply tank 36 to replenish water.

[0048] Scenario 2: In winter, there is sunlight, but the photovoltaic heat is insufficient to meet the heating demand. Solar irradiance sensor 20 detects sunlight, and controller 6 starts the first water pump 17. Under the action of the first water pump 17, 7°C low-temperature water enters the geothermal coil heat exchanger 2 through the first pipe 7, and after exchanging heat with the soil, its temperature rises to about 10°C. The first throttle valve 18 opens, and the low-temperature water passing through the first pipe 7 carries away the heat generated by the photovoltaic thermal collector 1, causing the water temperature to rise. It then enters the first water tank 3 through the first pipe 7. At this time, when the third temperature sensor 26 detects that the water temperature in the first water tank 3 has not reached the preset value of 20°C, the battery 5 supplies power to the heater 9 to supplement the heat in the first water tank 3, so that the water temperature in the first water tank 3 reaches the preset value of 20°C. At this time, the heat pump circulation mode is started on the third pipeline 12. The low-temperature liquid working fluid in the first heat exchanger 10 absorbs heat from the water in the first water tank 3 to complete the evaporation process. After evaporation and heat absorption, the low-pressure gaseous working fluid is pressurized by the compressor 28 and becomes a high-pressure gaseous working fluid, which enters the second heat exchanger 11 in the second water tank 4. The high-pressure gaseous working fluid releases heat to the water in the second water tank 4 in the second heat exchanger 11 to complete condensation and liquefaction. After condensation and liquefaction, the high-pressure liquid working fluid becomes a low-pressure liquid working fluid after passing through the expansion throttle valve 27 and returns to the first heat exchanger 10 in the first water tank 3 to continue evaporation and heat absorption. Under this condition, the temperature of the working fluid in the first heat exchanger 10 is 5℃, the temperature of the working fluid in the second heat exchanger 11 is 60℃, the water temperature in the first water tank 3 drops from 20℃ to 7℃, and the water temperature in the second water tank 4 rises from 30℃ to 55℃. When heating is required, the fourth temperature sensor 32 detects that the water temperature in the second water tank 4 has reached approximately 55°C. The water then flows out through the fourth pipe 33 and passes through the fan coil unit 34 to heat the room. After heating is complete, the water temperature drops to approximately 30°C and is then guided back to the second water tank 4 by the third water pump 35 to enter the next cycle. Simultaneously, the third temperature sensor 26 detects that the water temperature in the first water tank 3 has dropped to approximately 7°C. The cooled water flows through the second pipe 8 between the first water tank 3 and the geothermal coil heat exchanger 2, and then exchanges heat with the soil through the geothermal coil heat exchanger 2, raising the water temperature to 10°C. It is then guided by the first water pump 17 into the first pipe 7 to enter the next cycle. When the photovoltaic thermal system is short of water, the first pressure sensor 31 detects that the pressure is lower than the set value, and the controller 6 starts the second water pump 30 to draw water from the first water supply tank 29 to replenish water; when the fan coil unit 34 heating system is short of water, the second pressure sensor 38 detects that the pressure is lower than the set value, and the controller 6 starts the fourth water pump 37 to draw water from the second water supply tank 36 to replenish water.

[0049] Operating Condition 3: Winter without sunlight. Under the action of the first water pump 17, 5°C low-temperature water enters the geothermal coil heat exchanger 2 through the first pipe 7. After heat exchange with the earth, the temperature rises to approximately 10°C. The solar radiation sensor 20 does not detect solar radiation, and the controller 6 instructs the first throttle valve 18 to close and the second throttle valve 23 to open. The 10°C water then enters the first water tank 3 through the bypass pipe 22. When the third temperature sensor 26 detects that the water temperature in the first water tank 3 has not reached the preset value of 20°C, the battery 5 supplies power to the heater 9 to supplement the heat in the first water tank 3. If the requirement is still not met, the mains power line 14, through the bidirectional electricity meter 16 and the AC / DC bidirectional inverter 15, supplies power to the heater 9 to heat the water, bringing the water temperature in the first water tank 3 to the preset value of 20°C. At this time, the heat pump circulation mode is started on the third pipeline 12. The low-temperature liquid working fluid in the first heat exchanger 10 absorbs heat from the water in the first water tank 3 to complete the evaporation process. After evaporation and heat absorption, the low-pressure gaseous working fluid is pressurized by the compressor 28 and becomes a high-pressure gaseous working fluid, which enters the second heat exchanger 11 in the second water tank 4. The high-pressure gaseous working fluid releases heat to the water in the second water tank 4 in the second heat exchanger 11 to complete condensation and liquefaction. After condensation and liquefaction, the high-pressure liquid working fluid becomes a low-pressure liquid working fluid after passing through the expansion throttle valve 27 and returns to the first heat exchanger 10 in the first water tank 3 to continue evaporation and heat absorption. Under this condition, the temperature of the working fluid in the first heat exchanger 10 is 5℃, the temperature of the working fluid in the second heat exchanger 11 is 60℃, the water temperature in the first water tank 3 drops from 20℃ to 7℃, and the water temperature in the second water tank 4 rises from 30℃ to 55℃. When heating is required, the fourth temperature sensor 32 detects that the water temperature in the second water tank 4 has reached approximately 55°C. The water then flows out through the fourth pipe 33 and passes through the fan coil unit 34 to heat the room. After heating is complete, the water temperature drops to approximately 30°C and is then guided back to the second water tank 4 by the third water pump 35 to enter the next cycle. Simultaneously, the third temperature sensor 26 detects that the water temperature in the first water tank 3 has dropped to approximately 7°C. The cooled water flows through the second pipe 8 between the first water tank 3 and the geothermal coil heat exchanger 2, and then exchanges heat with the soil through the geothermal coil heat exchanger 2, raising the water temperature to 10°C. It is then guided by the first water pump 17 into the first pipe 7 to enter the next cycle. When the photovoltaic thermal system is short of water, the first pressure sensor 31 detects that the pressure is lower than the set value, and the controller 6 starts the second water pump 30 to draw water from the first water supply tank 29 to replenish water; when the fan coil unit 34 heating system is short of water, the second pressure sensor 38 detects that the pressure is lower than the set value, and the controller 6 starts the fourth water pump 37 to draw water from the second water supply tank 36 to replenish water.

[0050] Operating Condition 4: Summer Condition. When solar irradiance sensor 20 detects sunlight, controller 6 activates the first water pump 17. Under the action of the first water pump 17, 40°C warm water from the first water tank 3 enters the geothermal coil heat exchanger 2 through the first pipe 7. After exchanging heat with the earth, the temperature drops to approximately 10°C. The water then enters the photovoltaic thermal collector unit 1 through the first pipe 7 to absorb heat. At this point, the temperature rises to 30°C, reaching the preset temperature. When the second temperature sensor 25 detects that the water temperature in the first pipe 7 between the photovoltaic thermal collector unit 1 and the first water tank 3 is higher than the preset value of 30°C, controller 6 immediately reduces the flow rate of the first throttle valve 18 and increases the flow rate of the second throttle valve 23 to lower the water temperature in the first pipe 7 between the photovoltaic thermal collector unit 1 and the first water tank 3 to below or equal to the preset value of 30°C. At this time, the refrigeration cycle mode is started on the third pipeline 12. The high-pressure gaseous working fluid in the first heat exchanger 10 releases heat to the water in the first water tank 3 to complete the condensation process. After condensation, the high-pressure liquid working fluid is throttled and depressurized by the expansion valve 27 and becomes a low-pressure liquid working fluid, which enters the second heat exchanger 11 in the second water tank 4. The low-pressure liquid working fluid absorbs heat from the water in the second water tank 4 in the second heat exchanger 11 and completes the evaporation process. The low-pressure gaseous working fluid that has completed the evaporation process in the second heat exchanger 11 is pressurized by the compressor 28 and becomes a high-pressure gaseous working fluid, which returns to the first heat exchanger 10 in the first water tank 3 to continue to complete the condensation and heating process. Under this condition, the temperature of the working fluid in the first heat exchanger 10 is 60℃, the temperature of the working fluid in the second heat exchanger 11 is 5℃, the water temperature in the first water tank 3 rises from 30℃ to 40℃, and the water temperature in the second water tank 4 drops from 20℃ to 7℃. After the fourth temperature sensor 32 detects that the 7°C cooling water in the second water tank 4 has reached the required temperature, it flows out through the fourth pipe 33 and cools the indoor air via the fan coil unit 34. After cooling the indoor air, the water temperature rises back to 20°C and returns to the second water tank 4 to enter the next cycle. At the same time, water from the first water tank 3 enters the geothermal coil heat exchanger 2 through the second pipe 8. The 40°C high-temperature water transfers heat to the soil for storage, and the water temperature quickly drops to 10°C, entering the next cycle. After the first pressure sensor 31 detects a water shortage inside the photovoltaic thermal collector system, the controller 6 starts the second water pump 30 to draw water from the first makeup water tank 29 to replenish water; after the second pressure sensor 38 detects a water shortage inside the fan coil unit 34 water supply system, the controller 6 starts the fourth water pump 37 to draw water from the second makeup water tank 36 to replenish water.

[0051] The energy storage and power supply unit is connected to the mains power line 14 network to fully utilize and mobilize the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic thermal collector unit 1. When local thermal and solar energy supply is sufficient to meet indoor heating needs, the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic thermal collector unit 1 is stored in the battery 5 via the MPPT controller 24. When the water temperature in the first water tank 3 of the system does not reach the preset temperature of 20°C, the battery 5 directly supplies power to the heater 9 in the first water tank 3 to supplement the heating and meet the system requirements. Alternatively, it can be converted to 220V AC power by the AC / DC bidirectional inverter 15 and connected to the system to power the electrical equipment in the system. Excess power can be used as indoor electrical load 39, or connected to the mains power line 14 network via the bidirectional electricity meter 16. When the power supply in the system is insufficient, the electricity in the mains power line 14 can also be drawn from the bidirectional electricity meter 16 for the system.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic photo-thermal and geothermal coupled ordered energy supply system, comprising a photovoltaic photo-thermal heat collecting unit, a geothermal coil heat exchanger, a first water tank, a second water tank, a battery and a controller, wherein the geothermal coil heat exchanger is connected with the photovoltaic photo-thermal heat collecting unit through a first pipeline, the first pipeline is connected with the first water tank after passing through the photovoltaic photo-thermal heat collecting unit, the first water tank is connected with the geothermal coil heat exchanger through a second pipeline, the photovoltaic photo-thermal heat collecting unit is connected with the battery through a line, the electric energy generated in the photovoltaic photo-thermal heat collecting unit can be transported into the battery for storage, the first water tank is equipped with a heater and a first heat exchanger, the battery is connected with the heater and the controller through a line, the battery provides electric energy for the heater and the controller, the heater is also connected with the controller and is controlled to work by the controller, the second water tank is equipped with a second heat exchanger, the first heat exchanger in the first water tank and the second heat exchanger in the second water tank are connected through a third pipeline, characterized in that: The first pipeline between the geothermal coil heat exchanger and the photovoltaic light heat collecting unit is provided with a first water pump and a first throttling valve, the first water pump and the first throttling valve are connected with a power supply circuit, the first water pump and the first throttling valve are powered by a storage battery or a mains circuit, the first water pump and the first throttling valve are connected with a controller and controlled by the controller; the photovoltaic light heat collecting unit comprises a frame, a photovoltaic cell panel, a base plate, a velvet tempered glass and a heat preservation back plate, wherein the frame encloses a space, the velvet tempered glass, the photovoltaic cell panel, the base plate and the heat preservation back plate are arranged in the space from top to bottom in sequence, the photovoltaic cell panel is arranged on the top surface of the base plate in an array, the first pipeline is attached to the bottom surface of the base plate, the photovoltaic light heat collecting unit is further provided with a first temperature sensor and a solar radiation sensor, the first temperature sensor and the solar radiation sensor are connected with the controller, and the first temperature sensor and the solar radiation sensor can transmit collected data to the controller in real time; A bypass pipe is connected to the first pipeline at both ends of the photovoltaic light heat collecting unit, the bypass pipe is provided with a second throttling valve, the second throttling valve is connected with the power supply circuit and the controller, the second throttling valve is powered by the storage battery or the mains circuit, and the second throttling valve is controlled by the controller; a second temperature sensor is arranged on the first pipeline between the photovoltaic light heat collecting unit and the first water tank, a third temperature sensor is arranged in the first water tank, the second temperature sensor and the third temperature sensor are connected with the controller, and the second temperature sensor and the third temperature sensor can transmit collected data to the controller in real time; the third pipeline between the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger is a circulating pipeline, the circulating pipeline is provided with an expansion throttling valve and a compressor in sequence; The controller performs the following temperature control process: When the first heat exchanger is in the evaporation heat absorption condition, the constant temperature control of not less than 20 DEG C is performed: when the solar radiation sensor detects light, the controller controls the first throttling valve to be opened and the second throttling valve to be closed, so that the water outlet of the first water tank is heated to 10 DEG C in the geothermal coil heat exchanger, and then heated to 20 DEG C in the photovoltaic light heat collecting unit and returned to the first water tank; if the water temperature heated by the photovoltaic light heat collecting unit cannot maintain the temperature of the first water tank to reach 20 DEG C, the controller starts the heater arranged in the first water tank to heat; when no light is detected, the controller controls the first throttling valve to be closed and the second throttling valve to be opened, so that the water outlet of the first water tank and the temperature of the geothermal coil heat exchanger are heated to 10 DEG C, and then directly returned to the first water tank through the bypass pipe, and the heater is started to heat according to the feedback of the third temperature sensor until the water temperature reaches 20 DEG C. When the first heat exchanger is in a condensing heat release working condition, constant temperature control not higher than 30 DEG C is performed: when light is detected, the controller controls the first throttling valve to be opened and the second throttling valve to be closed, so that the water outlet of the first water tank enters the ground heat coil heat exchanger to be cooled to 10 DEG C, and then enters the photovoltaic photo-thermal heat collecting unit to be heated and then flows back to the first water tank; in this process, when the second temperature sensor detects that the water temperature in the first pipeline exceeds 30 DEG C, the controller immediately reduces the opening degree of the first throttling valve and increases the opening degree of the second throttling valve, so that the 10 DEG C water from the ground heat coil heat exchanger is partially branched through the bypass pipe and the other part is heated through the photovoltaic photo-thermal heat collecting unit, and the mixed water ensures that the water temperature entering the first water tank does not exceed 30 DEG C.

2. The ordered energy supply system of coupling photovoltaic and photo-thermal with geothermal according to claim 1, characterized in that: The storage battery is connected with a power supply circuit, the storage battery supplies power to the electric devices in the system through the power supply circuit, the storage battery is also connected with a commercial power circuit through a circuit, an AC / DC inverter and a bidirectional electric meter are sequentially arranged on the circuit connected with the commercial power circuit, and the excess electric energy in the storage battery can be transmitted to the commercial power circuit; when the electric energy in the storage battery is insufficient to supply power to the electric devices in the system, the insufficient electric energy is provided by the commercial power circuit.

3. The ordered energy supply system of coupling photovoltaic and photo-thermal with geothermal according to claim 1, characterized in that: An MPPT controller is arranged on the connecting circuit between the photovoltaic photo-thermal heat collecting unit and the storage battery, the MPPT controller is a maximum power point tracking solar controller, the MPPT controller can detect the generated voltage of the photovoltaic cell panel in real time and track the highest voltage and current value, so that the photovoltaic cell panel outputs maximum power to charge the storage battery.

4. The ordered energy supply system of coupling photovoltaic, photo-thermal and geothermal energy according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The expansion throttling valve and the compressor are connected with the power supply circuit and the controller, the expansion throttling valve and the compressor are powered by the storage battery or the commercial power circuit, and the expansion throttling valve and the compressor are controlled to work by the controller.

5. The ordered energy supply system of coupling photovoltaic, photo-thermal and geothermal energy according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A first water supplement tank is connected with the second pipeline between the first water tank and the ground heat coil heat exchanger, a second water pump and a first pressure sensor are sequentially arranged on the connecting pipeline between the first water supplement tank and the second pipeline, the second water pump is connected with the power supply circuit, the second water pump is powered by the storage battery or the commercial power circuit, the first pressure sensor is connected with the controller, and the first pressure sensor can transmit collected data to the controller in real time.

6. The ordered energy supply system of coupling photovoltaic, photo-thermal and geothermal energy according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A fourth temperature sensor is arranged in the second water tank, the second water tank is also connected with fan-coil units through a fourth pipeline, the fan-coil units are arranged in parallel, the fourth pipeline is a circulating pipeline, a third water pump is arranged on the fourth pipeline, a second water supplement tank is connected with the fourth pipeline through a pipeline, a fourth water pump and a second pressure sensor are sequentially arranged on the connecting pipeline between the second water supplement tank and the fourth pipeline, the fourth temperature sensor and the second pressure sensor are connected with the controller, the fourth temperature sensor and the second pressure sensor can transmit collected data to the controller in real time, the fan-coil units, the third water pump and the fourth water pump are connected with the power supply circuit, the fan-coil units, the third water pump and the fourth water pump are powered by the storage battery or the commercial power circuit, and the third water pump and the fourth water pump are also connected with the controller and controlled to work by the controller.

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