Machining device and machining method for large hemispherical shell

Abstract

The application discloses a processing device and a processing method for a large semi-hemispherical shell, and the processing device comprises a base, a centering mechanism, a plurality of claw mechanisms and an adjustable overturning mechanism; the centering mechanism is arranged on the base; the plurality of claw mechanisms are distributed at intervals along a circumference and are connected to the centering mechanism, and the plurality of claw mechanisms are driven by the centering mechanism to fix the large semi-hemispherical shell; the adjustable overturning mechanism is arranged on the base, and the large semi-hemispherical shell is driven by the adjustable overturning mechanism to overturn on the processing device and is then fixed by the claw mechanism. Through the application, the workpiece can be automatically centered during clamping, and the efficiency of determining the reference of the semi-hemispherical shell in mass production is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of machining technology, and in particular to a machining apparatus and method with automatic centering and flipping functions when machining the internal cavity and external shape of a large hemispherical shell using a CNC milling machine. Background Technology

[0002] Large hemispherical shells are large-diameter hemispheres with a certain volume in the center. Lathes are the most convenient tool for machining these shell types. However, when there are protruding structures on the shell surface or within the shell cavity, milling machines are required. This presents challenges in clamping and flipping the shell for machining. Specifically, when machining the internal cavity, the common practice is to use single vises or frog pliers to support and clamp the shell around its perimeter, then use pressure plates to fix the workpiece. Because the workpiece is essentially spherical, the clamping and alignment process requires repeated adjustments to the distribution and support distances of the single vises or frog pliers. This is time-consuming, inefficient, and compromises the quality of the workpiece. After machining the internal cavity, when machining the external structure, all clamping tools must be removed, the shell manually flipped, and the hemispherical axis and quadrants re-aligned for machining. During this process, it is difficult to maintain consistent internal and external reference points, leading to workpiece quality issues and low efficiency.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a processing device and method for large hemispherical shells that overcomes the above-mentioned defects. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the above problems, the present invention provides a processing apparatus for large hemispherical shells, comprising:

[0005] Base;

[0006] A centering mechanism is mounted on the base;

[0007] Multiple claw mechanisms are distributed at intervals along the circumference and connected to the centering mechanism. By adjusting the centering mechanism, the multiple claw mechanisms are driven to fix the large hemispherical shell.

[0008] An adjustable flipping mechanism is installed on the base. The large hemispherical shell is flipped on the processing device by the adjustable flipping mechanism and then fixed by the claw mechanism.

[0009] The aforementioned processing apparatus, wherein the centering mechanism comprises:

[0010] A centering plate has multiple involute grooves corresponding to the claw mechanism, and the claw mechanism is correspondingly connected to the involute grooves.

[0011] A centering shaft is installed at the bottom of the centering disc and connected to the base, and a gear is sleeved on the centering shaft;

[0012] The worm gear is meshed with the gear. By rotating the worm gear, the centering disk rotates and drives the chuck mechanism to tighten or loosen the large hemispherical shell through the involute groove.

[0013] The aforementioned processing apparatus, wherein each of the aforementioned jaw mechanisms comprises:

[0014] The claw body has a curved surface on one side that adapts to the outer side of the large hemispherical shell;

[0015] A guide rail is installed at the bottom of the claw body. A protrusion is provided on the base. A sliding groove that matches the guide rail is opened on the protrusion. A positioning pin is provided on the guide rail. The positioning pin is connected to the involute groove. The involute groove drives the claw body to slide in the sliding groove through the positioning pin.

[0016] The engaging assembly has a cavity at the top of the claw body, and the engaging assembly is installed in the cavity to fix the large hemispherical shell to the curved surface.

[0017] The aforementioned processing apparatus, wherein the engaging assembly comprises:

[0018] The pressure plate includes a wedge-shaped portion at the front end and a cylindrical portion at the rear end, the wedge-shaped portion extending out of the cavity to press against the end face of the large hemispherical shell;

[0019] A spring is fitted onto the cylindrical portion;

[0020] A pull ring is connected to the cylindrical part, which passes through the cavity and is connected to the tail of the pull ring. Pulling the pull ring causes the wedge-shaped part to retract into the cavity. Each of the claw mechanisms also includes a cover plate, which is installed on the top of the claw body and covers the pressure plate and the spring.

[0021] The aforementioned processing apparatus, wherein the adjustable tilting mechanism comprises:

[0022] A height adjustment component is mounted on the base;

[0023] A flipping assembly, one end of which is connected to the height adjustment assembly, is used to adjust the vertical position of the flipping assembly so that the other end of the flipping assembly is fixed to the inner cavity of the large hemispherical shell, and then the large hemispherical shell is flipped by the flipping assembly.

[0024] The aforementioned processing apparatus, wherein the height adjustment component includes:

[0025] A rotating lifting rod, one end of which is rotatably connected to the flipping assembly.

[0026] A rotating lifting sleeve, one end of which is mounted on the base, and the other end of the rotating lifting rod is screwed to the other end of the rotating lifting sleeve;

[0027] A rotating handle is fitted onto the rotating lifting sleeve. Rotating the rotating handle causes the rotating lifting rod to rise or fall.

[0028] A semi-enclosed box cover is fitted onto the rotating lifting rod and detachably connected to the flipping assembly to secure the flipping assembly.

[0029] The aforementioned processing apparatus, wherein the flipping assembly comprises:

[0030] The drive unit is detachably connected to the semi-enclosed box cover;

[0031] A transmission rod, one end of which is connected to the drive shaft of the drive unit;

[0032] The elastic core disk is connected to the other end of the transmission rod via a connecting flange. After the elastic core disk presses against the inner cavity of the large hemispherical shell, the drive unit starts and drives the elastic core disk and the large hemispherical shell to flip through the transmission rod.

[0033] The aforementioned processing device, wherein the centering mechanism further includes: two lugs mounted on the base, and the worm gear mounted on the two lugs.

[0034] In the aforementioned processing apparatus, a fan-shaped arc transition portion is provided at the edge of the elastic core disk so that the elastic core disk can fit tightly against the inner cavity of the large hemispherical shell. Multiple rectangular notches are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction on the elastic core disk so that the elastic core disk has a diameter variation within a set range.

[0035] The present invention also provides a method for processing large hemispherical shells, comprising:

[0036] Lifting procedure: After lifting the large hemispherical shell, place it from top to bottom between multiple claw mechanisms in a direction perpendicular to the base;

[0037] Internal cavity machining steps: After fixing the large hemispherical shell by adjusting the centering mechanism to drive the chuck mechanism, the internal cavity of the large hemispherical shell is machined;

[0038] Flipping step: The large hemispherical shell is flipped by an adjustable flipping mechanism;

[0039] External processing steps: After flipping, the large hemispherical shell is fixed again by adjusting the centering mechanism to drive the claw mechanism, and then the outer surface of the large hemispherical shell is processed.

[0040] The advantages of this invention over existing technologies are as follows:

[0041] 1. The rotation of the centering plate enables the simultaneous movement of the three jaws, thereby completing the automatic centering, clamping, and releasing of the entire clamping mechanism. This achieves the effect of automatic centering of the workpiece during the clamping process and improves the efficiency of determining the reference in the mass production of hemispherical shells.

[0042] 2. By using a flipping mechanism, the hemispherical shell can be flipped 180 degrees without affecting the axial reference of the hemispherical shell. This solves the reference deviation of the hemispherical shell after flipping 180 degrees, ensures the consistency of the reference between the outer shape and the inner cavity of the hemispherical shell during machining, guarantees the machining quality, and improves the efficiency of hemispherical shell flipping machining.

[0043] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the structures pointed out in the description, claims and drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0044] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0045] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the processing device of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the base structure.

[0047] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the centering mechanism;

[0048] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the chuck mechanism;

[0049] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the height adjustment component;

[0050] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the flip component.

[0051] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the elastic core disk;

[0052] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the centering mechanism installation.

[0053] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the flexible core disk;

[0054] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure without the adjustable tilting mechanism installed.

[0055] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the unflipped state;

[0056] Figure 12 This is a diagram illustrating the flipped state;

[0057] Figure 13 This is a diagram illustrating the completed flipping state;

[0058] Figure 14 This is a flowchart of the processing method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0059] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0060] The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are used to explain the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, elements / components using the same or similar reference numerals in the drawings and embodiments are used to represent the same or similar parts.

[0061] The terms "first," "second," "S1," "S2," etc., used in this document do not specifically refer to any order or sequence, nor are they intended to limit the invention. They are merely used to distinguish elements or operations described using the same technical terms.

[0062] The directional terms used in this article, such as up, down, left, right, front, or back, are for reference only when referring to the accompanying drawings. Therefore, the use of directional terms is for illustrative purposes and not to limit this work.

[0063] The terms “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc., used in this article are all open-ended terms, meaning that they include but are not limited to.

[0064] The term "and / or" as used herein includes any or all of the things mentioned.

[0065] The term "multiple" in this article includes "two" and "more than two"; the term "multiple groups" in this article includes "two groups" and "more than two groups".

[0066] Certain terms used to describe this application will be discussed below or elsewhere in this specification to provide additional guidance to those skilled in the art in describing the application.

[0067] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the processing device of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, a processing device for a large hemispherical shell according to the present invention includes: a base 1, a centering mechanism 2, multiple jaw mechanisms 3, and an adjustable flipping mechanism 4; the centering mechanism 2 is mounted on the base 1; the multiple jaw mechanisms 3 are distributed circumferentially and connected to the centering mechanism 2, and the large hemispherical shell S is fixed by adjusting the centering mechanism 2 to drive the multiple jaw mechanisms 3; the adjustable flipping mechanism 4 is mounted on the base 1, and the large hemispherical shell S is flipped on the processing device by the adjustable flipping mechanism 4 and then fixed by the jaw mechanisms 3.

[0068] Please refer to Figures 2-3 , Figure 8 And please combine Figure 1 , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the base structure; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the centering mechanism; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the centering mechanism installation. As shown, the centering mechanism 2 includes: a centering disk 21, a centering shaft 22, and a worm gear 23; the centering disk 21 has multiple involute grooves 211 corresponding to the claw mechanism 3, and the claw mechanism 3 is correspondingly connected to the involute grooves 211; the centering shaft 22 is installed at the bottom of the centering disk 21 and connected to the base 1, and a gear 24 is sleeved on the centering shaft 22; the worm gear 23 is meshed with the gear 24, and by rotating the worm gear 23, the centering disk 21 rotates and drives the claw mechanism 3 to tighten or loosen the large hemispherical shell S through the involute grooves 211. The centering mechanism 2 also includes: two lugs 25, installed on the base 1, and the worm gear 23 is installed on the two lugs 25.

[0069] Specifically, the main body of the base 1 is disc-shaped, with two lugs 25 having through holes in the middle on the end face. At the center of the base 1, there is a centering disc mounting groove 11 with a circular countersunk hole. The centering disc 21 is disc-shaped, and three involute grooves 211 are evenly distributed on the end face of the centering disc 21 to ensure that the three chuck mechanisms can simultaneously clamp and release inward to complete the automatic centering clamping, gradually moving towards the center. A centering shaft 22 is provided at the bottom of the centering disc 21. The centering shaft 22 is installed in conjunction with the centering disc mounting groove 11 in the middle of the base 1. The gear 24 is sleeved on the centering shaft 22 and meshes with the transmission thread 231 in the middle of the worm 23. At the same time, the worm 23 passes through the two lugs 25 for fixation.

[0070] Please refer to Figure 4 And please combine Figures 1-2 , Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the claw mechanism. As shown, each claw mechanism 3 includes: a claw body 31, a guide rail 32, a locking assembly 33, and a protrusion 34; one side of the claw body 31 has a curved surface Q1 adapted to the outer surface S1 of the large hemispherical shell; the guide rail 32 is installed at the bottom of the claw body 31, and the base 1 is provided with a protrusion 34, which has a groove 341 that matches the guide rail 32; the guide rail 32 is provided with a positioning pin 321, which is connected to the involute groove 211, and the involute groove 211 drives the claw body 31 to slide in the groove 341 through the positioning pin 321; the top of the claw body 31 has a cavity 311, and the locking assembly 33 is installed in the cavity 311, and the large hemispherical shell S is fixed by the locking assembly 33 and the curved surface Q1.

[0071] The engaging assembly 33 includes a pressure plate 331, a spring 332, and a pull ring 333. The pressure plate 331 includes a wedge-shaped portion 3311 at the front end and a cylindrical portion 3312 at the rear end. The wedge-shaped portion 3311 extends out of the cavity 311 to press against the end face S2 of the large hemispherical shell S. The spring 332 is sleeved on the cylindrical portion 3312. The pull ring 333 is connected to the cylindrical portion 3312. The cylindrical portion 3312 passes through the cavity 311 and is connected to the tail of the pull ring 333. Pulling the pull ring 333 causes the wedge-shaped portion 3311 to retract into the cavity 311. Each of the claw mechanisms 33 also includes a cover plate 35, which is installed on the top of the claw body 31 and covers the portion of the pressure plate 331 and the spring 332.

[0072] Specifically, the claw body 31 is approximately triangular in shape, with an inner arc-shaped curved surface Q1. A rectangular guide rail 32 with a boss is provided on the bottom of the claw body 31. The rectangular guide rail 32 is mounted on the slide groove 341 of the boss 34. A positioning pin 321 is fixed below the rectangular guide rail 32 and is installed in the involute groove 211. The top center of the claw body 31 is a rectangular cavity 311, in which a wedge-shaped pressure plate 331 is placed. Behind the wedge-shaped pressure plate 331 is a cylinder with a threaded hole that passes through the through hole of the top rectangular cavity 311 and connects to the threaded tail of the pull ring 333. A cylindrical spring 332 is located between the wedge-shaped pressure plate 331 and the pull ring 333. The cover plate 35 is fixed to the top of the claw body 31 by connecting screws 36.

[0073] It should be noted that, in another embodiment of the present invention, the claw body 31 and the guide rail 32 may also be integrally formed.

[0074] Please refer to Figures 5-7 and Figure 9 And please combine Figures 1-2 , Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the height adjustment component; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the flip component. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the elastic core disk;

[0075] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the elastic core disk. As shown in the figure, the adjustable flipping mechanism 4 includes: a height adjustment component 41 and a flipping component 42. The height adjustment component 41 is mounted on the base 1. One end of the flipping component 42 is connected to the height adjustment component 41. The vertical position of the flipping component 42 is adjusted by the height adjustment component 41 so that the other end of the flipping component 42 is fixed to the inner cavity of the large hemispherical shell S. Then, the large hemispherical shell S is flipped by the flipping component 42.

[0076] The height adjustment assembly 41 includes: a rotating lifting rod 411, a rotating lifting sleeve 412, a rotating handle 413, and a semi-enclosed box cover 414; one end of the rotating lifting rod 411 is rotatably connected to the flipping assembly 42, one end of the rotating lifting sleeve 412 is mounted on the base 1, and the other end of the rotating lifting rod 411 is screwed to the other end of the rotating lifting sleeve 412; the rotating handle 413 is sleeved on the rotating lifting sleeve 412, and rotating the rotating handle 413 drives the rotating lifting rod 411 to rise or fall; the semi-enclosed box cover 414 is sleeved on the rotating lifting rod 411 and detachably connected to the flipping assembly 42 to fix the flipping assembly 42.

[0077] Specifically, one end of the rotating lifting rod 411 is provided with a rotating external thread 4111, and the other end is provided with a circular step 4112; the rotating lifting sleeve 412 has a raised rotating handle 413 in the middle, and the inside is a rotating internal thread 4121, which, when engaged with the rotating external thread 4111, allows the rotating lifting rod 411 to move in a direction perpendicular to the horizontal plane; there is a cylindrical semi-enclosed box cover 414 between the rotating lifting rod 411 and the rotating lifting sleeve 412, and three round lugs 4141 are evenly distributed on the end face of the semi-enclosed box cover 414, with a through hole in the middle for placing a connecting screw 415; a circular countersunk rotating arm mounting groove 12 is opened on the edge of the base 1, and one end of the rotating lifting sleeve 412 is installed in the circular countersunk rotating arm mounting groove 12.

[0078] The flipping assembly 42 includes a drive unit, a transmission rod 422, and an elastic core disk 423. The drive unit includes a motor and a motor housing 4212. The motor is housed in the motor housing 4212, which is detachably connected to the semi-enclosed cover 414. One end of the transmission rod 422 is connected to the drive shaft of the motor. The elastic core disk 423 is connected to the other end of the transmission rod 422 via a connecting flange 424. After the elastic core disk 423 presses against the inner cavity of the large hemispherical shell S, the motor, upon starting, drives the elastic core disk 423 to flip with the large hemispherical shell S via the transmission rod 422.

[0079] Specifically, the connecting flange 424 has a rectangular boss T1 above it and a cylindrical boss T2 below it. A sleeve-shaped annular groove H2 is machined on one side of the rectangular boss T1. The rectangular drive joint 4211 of the drive shaft extends out of the rectangular motor housing 4212. The rectangular motor housing 4212 has a sleeve-shaped annular groove H1 on one side of the rectangular drive joint 4211. The bottom of the rectangular motor housing 4212 has a circular countersunk cantilever groove H3 that assembles with the annular step 4112 at the upper end of the rotating lifting rod 411. A cylindrical drive rod 422 and a pipe are assembled between the rectangular motor housing 4212 and the connecting flange 424. A tubular sleeve 425 is fitted onto a cylindrical transmission rod 422. One end of the cylindrical transmission rod 422 near the rectangular motor housing 4212 has a rectangular transmission notch 4221 that mates with a rectangular transmission joint 4211. The other end of the cylindrical transmission rod 422 is connected to a rectangular boss T1 via a transmission rod flange 4222 and a connecting screw 426. One end of the tubular sleeve 425 is inserted into a sleeve annular groove H1, and the other end of the tubular sleeve 425 is inserted into a sleeve annular groove H2 on the rectangular motor housing 4212. The cylindrical boss T2 is connected to an elastic core disc 423 via screws 427.

[0080] The elastic core disk 423 has a fan-shaped arc transition portion 4231 at its edge so that the elastic core disk 423 can fit tightly against the inner cavity of the large hemispherical shell S. The elastic core disk 423 has a plurality of rectangular notches 4232 evenly distributed along the circumferential direction so that the elastic core disk 423 has a diameter variation within a set range.

[0081] Specifically, the elastic core disk 423 is shaped like a large disk, with a fan-shaped arc transition 4231 processed at the edge of the shape, so that the elastic core disk 423 can fit tightly against the workpiece S. Rectangular notches 4232 are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction of the elastic core disk 423, which can make the elastic core disk 423 have a diameter variation within a certain range.

[0082] Please refer to Figures 10-14 , Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure without the adjustable tilting mechanism installed. Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the unflipped state; Figure 12 This is a diagram illustrating the flipped state; Figure 13 This is a diagram illustrating the completed flipping state; Figure 14 This is a flowchart of the processing method of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the processing method of the present invention includes:

[0083] Lifting step S1: After lifting the large hemispherical shell, place it from top to bottom between multiple claw mechanisms in a direction perpendicular to the base;

[0084] Internal cavity machining step S2: After fixing the large hemispherical shell by adjusting the centering mechanism to drive the chuck mechanism, the internal cavity of the large hemispherical shell is machined;

[0085] Flipping step S3: The large hemispherical shell is flipped by an adjustable flipping mechanism;

[0086] Shape processing step S4: After the flipping is completed, the large hemispherical shell is fixed again by adjusting the centering mechanism to drive the claw mechanism, and then the outer surface of the large hemispherical shell is processed.

[0087] Specifically, firstly, the large hemispherical shell is lifted by a lifting device and then placed between multiple claw mechanisms 3 from top to bottom in a direction perpendicular to the base 1. Figure 10 Next, rotating the internal hexagon 232 at one end of the worm gear clockwise drives the worm gear 23. Simultaneously, the chuck mechanism 3 moves towards the center as the worm gear 3 rotates, completing the clamping and centering of the large hemispherical shell. At this point, the large hemispherical shell can be processed. (See...) Figure 11After processing, the rotary motor housing 4212 drives the elastic core disc 423 above the large hemispherical shell. The rotary handle 413 is rotated counterclockwise, causing the elastic core disc 423 to press down and tighten the inner cavity of the large hemispherical shell. After this, pulling any one of the pull rings outwards prevents the pressure plate from restricting the end face of the large hemispherical shell. Then, the motor starts rotating, causing the large hemispherical shell to rotate 180°. Figure 12 After the flipping is completed, the three jaw mechanisms 3 open and move outward when the inner hexagon 232 is rotated counterclockwise. After this, the rotating handle 413 is rotated counterclockwise to gradually place the large hemispherical shell in the middle of the three jaw mechanisms 3. After this, the inner hexagon 232 is rotated clockwise to move the three jaw mechanisms 3 inward to clamp the large hemispherical shell. At this time, the hemispherical shape structure of the large hemispherical shell can be machined. During the entire flipping process, the reference axis and quadrant of the large hemispherical shell are consistent with those during the machining of the inner cavity, ensuring the machining quality. See Figure 13 .

[0088] In summary, this invention achieves the simultaneous movement of the three jaws through the rotation of the centering disc, thereby completing the automatic centering, clamping, and releasing of the entire clamping mechanism. This achieves the effect of automatic centering of the workpiece during the clamping process, improving the efficiency of determining the datum in mass production of hemispherical shells. Simultaneously, through the flipping mechanism, the hemispherical shell is flipped 180 degrees without affecting the axial datum of the hemispherical shell, solving the datum deviation problem after the hemispherical shell is flipped 180 degrees. This ensures the consistency of the datum between the machined external shape and the internal cavity of the hemispherical shell, guarantees machining quality, and improves the efficiency of hemispherical shell flipping machining.

[0089] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A processing apparatus for large hemispherical shells, characterized in that, include: Base; A centering mechanism is mounted on the base; Multiple claw mechanisms are distributed at intervals along the circumference and connected to the centering mechanism. By adjusting the centering mechanism, the multiple claw mechanisms are driven to fix the large hemispherical shell. An adjustable flipping mechanism is installed on the base. The large hemispherical shell is flipped on the processing device by the adjustable flipping mechanism and then fixed by the claw mechanism. The adjustable flipping mechanism includes: A height adjustment component is mounted on the base; A flipping component, one end of which is connected to the height adjustment component, is used to adjust the vertical position of the flipping component so that the other end of the flipping component is fixed to the inner cavity of the large hemispherical shell, and then the large hemispherical shell is flipped by the flipping component. The flipping component includes: The drive unit is detachably connected to the semi-enclosed cover of the height adjustment assembly; A transmission rod, one end of which is connected to the drive shaft of the drive unit; The elastic core disk is connected to the other end of the transmission rod via a connecting flange. After the elastic core disk presses against the inner cavity of the large hemispherical shell, the drive unit, upon startup, drives the elastic core disk and the large hemispherical shell to rotate via the transmission rod. A fan-shaped arc transition portion is provided on the edge of the elastic core disk so that the elastic core disk can fit tightly against the inner cavity of the large hemispherical shell. Multiple rectangular notches are evenly distributed along the circumference of the elastic core disk so that the diameter of the elastic core disk can vary within a set range.

2. The processing apparatus as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The centering mechanism includes: A centering plate has multiple involute grooves corresponding to the claw mechanism, and the claw mechanism is correspondingly connected to the involute grooves. A centering shaft is installed at the bottom of the centering disc and connected to the base, and a gear is sleeved on the centering shaft; The worm gear meshes with the gear. By rotating the worm gear, the centering disk rotates and drives the chuck mechanism to clamp or release the large hemispherical shell through the involute groove.

3. The processing apparatus as described in claim 2, characterized in that, Each of the aforementioned claw mechanisms includes: The claw body has a curved surface on one side that adapts to the outer side of the large hemispherical shell; A guide rail is installed at the bottom of the claw body. A protrusion is provided on the base. A sliding groove that matches the guide rail is opened on the protrusion. A positioning pin is provided on the guide rail. The positioning pin is connected to the involute groove. The involute groove drives the claw body to slide in the sliding groove through the positioning pin. The engaging assembly has a cavity at the top of the claw body, and the engaging assembly is installed in the cavity to fix the large hemispherical shell to the curved surface.

4. The processing apparatus as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The engagement assembly includes: The pressure plate includes a wedge-shaped portion at the front end and a cylindrical portion at the rear end, the wedge-shaped portion extending out of the cavity to press against the end face of the large hemispherical shell; A spring is fitted onto the cylindrical portion; A pull ring is connected to the cylindrical part, which passes through the cavity and is connected to the tail of the pull ring. Pulling the pull ring causes the wedge-shaped part to retract into the cavity. Each of the claw mechanisms also includes a cover plate, which is installed on the top of the claw body and covers the pressure plate and the spring.

5. The processing apparatus as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The height adjustment component includes: A rotating lifting rod, one end of which is rotatably connected to the flipping assembly. A rotating lifting sleeve, one end of which is mounted on the base, and the other end of the rotating lifting rod is screwed to the other end of the rotating lifting sleeve; A rotating handle is fitted onto the rotating lifting sleeve. Rotating the rotating handle causes the rotating lifting rod to rise or fall. A semi-enclosed box cover is fitted onto the rotating lifting rod and detachably connected to the flipping assembly to secure the flipping assembly.

6. The processing apparatus as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The centering mechanism further includes two lugs mounted on the base, and the worm gear mounted on the two lugs.

7. A processing method for large hemispherical shells, characterized in that, The processing apparatus used in any one of claims 1-6, the processing method comprising: Lifting procedure: After lifting the large hemispherical shell, place it from top to bottom between multiple claw mechanisms in a direction perpendicular to the base; Internal cavity machining steps: After fixing the large hemispherical shell by adjusting the centering mechanism to drive the chuck mechanism, the internal cavity of the large hemispherical shell is machined; Flipping step: The large hemispherical shell is flipped by an adjustable flipping mechanism; External processing steps: After flipping, the large hemispherical shell is fixed again by adjusting the centering mechanism to drive the claw mechanism, and then the outer surface of the large hemispherical shell is processed.

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