Arching design method of heavy load large span beam
By constructing an initial geometric model and performing finite element analysis, the camber of the beam was designed through iterative optimization of parameters, which solved the problem of bending deformation of heavy-duty, long-span beams under gravity and external loads, and improved the straightness and design efficiency of the beams.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHINA COAL RES INST
- Filing Date
- 2022-10-28
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-22
Smart Images
Figure CN115758511B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of beam technology, and specifically to a method for designing the arching of heavy-duty, long-span beams. Background Technology
[0002] Heavy-duty, long-span crossbeams are important supporting structural components widely used in lifting machinery, heavy machine tools, and other equipment. The performance of these crossbeams has a crucial impact on the smooth operation of lifting equipment and the machining quality of machine tools. However, heavy-duty, long-span crossbeams are prone to bending deformation under gravity and external loads, resulting in poor straightness.
[0003] In related technologies, a single finite element simulation analysis is often used to obtain the deformation deflection. This deflection is then inverted and used as the arching deformation value to design the crossbeam in order to counteract the bending deformation of the crossbeam. However, the single finite element simulation analysis does not take into account the continuous effect of gravity and external load on the crossbeam, resulting in poor straightness of the arched crossbeam after deformation. Summary of the Invention
[0004] This invention aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in related technologies. To this end, embodiments of this invention propose an arching design method for heavy-duty, long-span crossbeams, which can improve the straightness of the constructed crossbeam after deformation.
[0005] The camber design method for heavy-duty long-span crossbeams according to embodiments of the present invention includes:
[0006] Determine the parameters of the crossbeam;
[0007] An initial geometric model of the beam is constructed based on the parameters of the beam, and the geometric model is processed by mesh generation to form a finite element model of the beam.
[0008] Deformation analysis was performed on the finite element model of the beam to calculate the coordinate values of multiple points on the beam after deformation.
[0009] Draw the beam deflection curve based on the coordinate values of the deformed points;
[0010] The target geometric model of the beam is obtained based on the beam deflection curve.
[0011] The arching design method for heavy-duty, long-span crossbeams in embodiments of the present invention can improve the straightness of the constructed crossbeams after deformation.
[0012] In some embodiments, processing the geometric model through mesh generation to form a finite element model of the beam includes:
[0013] The initial geometric model is meshed, and the initial Y-axis coordinates of multiple points are determined.
[0014] Set the load parameters and perform deformation analysis on the finite element model of the beam based on the load parameters.
[0015] In some embodiments, calculating the coordinate values of multiple points on the beam after deformation includes:
[0016] Calculate the Y-direction displacement value for each of the aforementioned points;
[0017] Draw the beam deflection curve based on the Y-direction displacement value of the stated point.
[0018] In some embodiments, calculating the coordinate values of multiple points of the beam after deformation further includes determining whether the Y-axis coordinate value of the points meets a preset requirement. If so, the Y-axis coordinate value of the beam deflection curve is output.
[0019] In some embodiments, determining whether the Y-coordinate value of the point meets a preset requirement includes:
[0020] The output coordinate value is obtained by adding the Y-direction displacement value of the point to the initial Y-direction coordinate value or the Y-direction coordinate value of the point in the previous iteration, and a deflection curve model is drawn based on the output coordinate value. The deflection curve model is as follows: Where i represents the various points on the crossbeam, These are the Y-coordinate values of each point i after the (k-1)th iteration. Let i be the Y-direction displacement value at each point i. Let be the Y-coordinate value of each point i after the k-th iteration;
[0021] Determine whether the output coordinate values meet the preset requirements.
[0022] In some embodiments, determining whether the output coordinate values meet preset requirements includes:
[0023] Calculate the Y-coordinate values of all points after the k-th iteration. Standard deviation;
[0024] Determine whether the standard deviation meets the preset tolerance;
[0025] If so, the output coordinate values are obtained; otherwise, the parameters of the beam are adjusted and finite element deformation analysis is performed again.
[0026] In some embodiments, the Y-coordinate values of all points after the k-th iteration The standard deviation is expressed as: Where N is the number of points, and N is a positive number. Y-coordinate values of all points The arithmetic mean.
[0027] In some embodiments, adjusting the parameters of the crossbeam includes:
[0028] Correct the Y-axis coordinate values after deformation that do not meet the preset requirements;
[0029] The corrected Y-coordinate values will be used as the Y-coordinate values for each point in the next finite element deformation analysis calculation.
[0030] In some embodiments, correcting the deformed Y-coordinate value that does not meet the preset requirements can be expressed as follows: The corrected Y-coordinate values for each point, where W is the width of the beam. Let be the Y-coordinate value of each point i after the (k-1)th iteration.
[0031] In some embodiments, determining the parameters of the beam includes determining the dimensions and material parameters of the beam. Attached Figure Description
[0032] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the arching design method for heavy-duty, long-span crossbeams according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the initial geometric model of the beam according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the deformation analysis process of the finite element model according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0035] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the deflection curve of the beam according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0036] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Enlarged diagram of point A in the middle.
[0037] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the variation of the standard deviation of the Y-axis coordinate values of all points in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0038] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the target geometric model of the beam in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0039] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
[0040] like Figure 1As shown, the camber design method for a heavy-duty, long-span crossbeam according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: determining the parameters of the crossbeam; constructing an initial geometric model of the crossbeam based on the parameters, and processing the geometric model through mesh generation to form a finite element model of the crossbeam; performing finite element deformation analysis on the crossbeam model to calculate the coordinate values of multiple points of the crossbeam after deformation; plotting the deflection curve of the crossbeam based on the coordinate values of multiple points after deformation; and obtaining the target geometric model of the crossbeam based on the deflection curve.
[0041] Specifically, by determining the parameters of the beam, the beam is divided into several segments of equal length along its length. The top endpoints of each segment are taken as points on the beam. The coordinate values of multiple points are set and combined with the dimensional parameters of the beam to construct the initial geometric model of the beam.
[0042] like Figure 2 As shown, when setting the coordinate values of the points, the lower left end of the beam is taken as the origin of the coordinate system. The X-axis is set as the length direction of the beam, and the Y-axis is set as the width direction of the beam, thus constructing the coordinate system of the beam. The beam is divided into several segments of equal length along the X-axis, and the top endpoint of each segment is taken as the point of the beam. The coordinate values of each point are determined as the initial coordinate values, thus constructing the initial geometric model of the beam.
[0043] For example, the beam can be divided into 50, 100, or 200 segments of equal length along the X-axis.
[0044] In the arching design method for heavy-duty long-span crossbeams in this embodiment of the invention, the parameters of the crossbeam are determined according to the actual usage environment of the heavy-duty long-span crossbeam. Then, a finite element model is constructed on the initial geometric model of the crossbeam based on the crossbeam parameters. The coordinate values of each point after deformation are obtained through finite element deformation analysis. The deflection curve of the crossbeam is plotted based on the coordinate values of each point after deformation. As the iterative calculation proceeds, the deflection curve of the crossbeam after deformation gets closer and closer to the horizontal line. The standard deviation of the Y-axis coordinate values of the crossbeam after deformation is compared with the preset tolerance to determine the termination condition of the iteration. When the iteration terminates, the target geometric model of the crossbeam is obtained.
[0045] The target geometric model of the beam constructed in this embodiment of the invention can reduce the straightness error of the beam after deformation under the action of gravity and external load, that is, the straightness of the beam after deformation meets the preset straightness requirements.
[0046] It is understood that the embodiments of the present invention automatically find the optimal arching design curve by finite element modeling of the crossbeam and iterative calculation, thus saving a lot of time and costs.
[0047] In some embodiments, processing the geometric model by mesh generation to form the finite element model of the beam includes: meshing the initial geometric model and determining the initial Y-coordinate values of multiple points; setting load parameters and performing deformation analysis on the finite element model of the beam based on the load parameters.
[0048] Specifically, after meshing the initial geometric model of the constructed beam using finite element elements, displacement constraints are added to the beam, that is, all degrees of freedom at both ends of the beam are constrained. At the same time, the determined load parameters are applied to the beam to construct the finite element model of the beam and perform deformation analysis.
[0049] Understandably, the load parameters include applying gravity to the crossbeam and applying an external load to the crossbeam. The gravity load is simulated by gravitational acceleration and applied to the crossbeam. The external load is applied to the top of the crossbeam, specifically at the center of the crossbeam's length, i.e., the top center of the crossbeam. The direction of the external load is vertically downwards, and it is denoted as FY, for example, FY = -5 × 10⁻⁶. 4 N.
[0050] like Figure 3 As shown, calculating the coordinate values of multiple points on the beam after deformation includes: calculating the Y-direction displacement value of each point; and plotting the beam deflection curve based on the Y-direction displacement values of the points.
[0051] Specifically, the finite element model of the constructed beam is submitted to the solver for calculation, which can obtain the Y-direction displacement value of each point after the load is applied to the beam. The deformed coordinate value is obtained by adding the Y-direction displacement value of each point to the current coordinate value, and the beam deflection curve is plotted based on the deformed coordinate value.
[0052] In some embodiments, calculating the coordinate values of multiple points on the beam after deformation further includes determining whether the Y-coordinate values of the points meet preset requirements. If so, the Y-coordinate values of the beam deflection curve are output.
[0053] Specifically, the standard deviation of the calculated Y-coordinate values of all points is compared with the preset tolerance. If it is within the preset tolerance range, the Y-coordinate values of each point of the beam before the current iteration calculation are output, and the geometric model of the beam is drawn based on the output Y-coordinate values of each point.
[0054] In some embodiments, determining whether the Y-coordinate value of a point meets a preset requirement includes: adding the Y-displacement value of the point to the initial Y-coordinate value or the Y-coordinate value of the point from the previous iteration to obtain an output coordinate value, and drawing a deflection curve model based on the output coordinate value. The deflection curve model is as follows: Where i represents the various points on the crossbeam, These are the Y-coordinate values of each point i after the (k-1)th iteration. Let i be the Y-direction displacement value at each point i. Let i be the Y-coordinate value of each point i after the k-th iteration; determine whether the output coordinate value meets the preset requirements.
[0055] Specifically, the Y-direction displacement value of the point after applying load to the beam is added to the current Y-direction coordinate value of the point to obtain the output coordinate value and plot the beam deflection curve model. The current coordinate value is the initial Y-direction coordinate value or the Y-direction coordinate value of the point after the last iteration.
[0056] Understandably, during the first iteration, the current Y-coordinate value is the initial Y-coordinate value, which is obtained by adding the initial Y-coordinate value of each point to the Y-displacement value of each point after applying the load, resulting in the Y-coordinate value of each point on the top of the beam after the first iteration. During the second iteration, the current Y-coordinate value is the Y-coordinate value of each point on the top of the beam after the first iteration, which is obtained by adding the Y-coordinate value of each point on the top of the beam after the first iteration to the Y-displacement value of each point after applying the load, resulting in the Y-coordinate value of each point on the top of the beam for the second iteration.
[0057] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown in the figure, the deflection curve of the beam changes. As the iterative calculation proceeds, the deflection curve of the beam after deformation becomes flatter and flatter, that is, it gets closer and closer to the horizontal line. This indicates that the straightness error of the beam after deformation is getting smaller and smaller. The deflection curve with the smallest straightness error is selected, and the corresponding target geometric model of the beam is output and constructed, thereby improving the straightness of the constructed beam under load.
[0058] In some embodiments, determining whether the output coordinate values meet preset requirements includes: calculating the Y-coordinate values of all points after the k-th iteration. The standard deviation is used to determine whether it meets the preset tolerance. If it does, the output coordinate values are obtained; otherwise, the parameters of the beam are adjusted and finite element deformation analysis is performed again.
[0059] Specifically, as the iterative calculation proceeds, the standard deviation of the Y-coordinate values of the beam points is compared with the preset tolerance to determine the termination condition of the iteration. That is, the standard deviation of the Y-coordinate values of all points after each iteration is compared with the preset tolerance. If the standard deviation of the Y-coordinate values of all points after the current iteration is within the preset tolerance, it is determined that the Y-coordinate values of the points after the current iteration meet the requirements, and the Y-coordinate values after the previous iteration are output as the output coordinate values.
[0060] Understandably, a smaller standard deviation indicates a smaller dispersion of the Y-coordinate values at all points after beam deformation, resulting in a smaller straightness error and better straightness of the beam after deformation. Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, during the iteration process, the standard deviation of the Y-coordinate values of each point on the top of the beam becomes smaller and smaller after each iteration. After 15 iterations, the standard deviation of the Y-coordinate values of all points on the beam is less than the preset tolerance, and the iteration ends. The Y-coordinate values after the 14th iteration are output, and the beam curve is drawn based on the output coordinate values to obtain the target geometric model of the beam, that is, the arching geometric model of the beam.
[0061] For example, the preset tolerance value is 10. -4 The preset tolerance value can be determined according to your own needs. The smaller the preset tolerance, the better the straightness of the beam.
[0062] In some embodiments, the Y-coordinate values of all points after the k-th iteration The standard deviation is expressed as: Where N is the number of points, and N is a positive number. Y-coordinate values of all points The arithmetic mean.
[0063] Specifically, by calculating the standard deviation of the Y-coordinate values of all points after each iteration, the standard deviation of the calculated Y-coordinate values of the points after the current iteration is compared with the preset tolerance to determine whether the Y-coordinate values of the points after the current iteration meet the requirements. If the standard deviation of the Y-coordinate values of each point after the current iteration is less than or equal to the preset tolerance, the iteration calculation is terminated, and the output coordinate values are obtained. The output coordinate values are the Y-coordinate values of each point after the previous iteration. The target geometric model of the beam is constructed based on the output coordinate values.
[0064] Understandably, a smaller standard deviation indicates a smaller dispersion of the Y-coordinate values at each point of the deformed beam, resulting in better straightness of the beam after deformation. By comparing the standard deviation of the Y-coordinate values at all points after each iteration with the preset tolerance, a reference value for the straightness of the deformed beam after the current iteration can be obtained. The iteration termination condition is set when the standard deviation of the Y-coordinate values at all points after the iteration is less than or equal to the preset tolerance. The Y-coordinate values at each point of the beam before the current deformation calculation are output and used as the output coordinate values to improve the straightness of the target geometric model of the constructed beam.
[0065] In some embodiments, adjusting the parameters of the crossbeam includes: correcting the Y-coordinate values after deformation that do not meet the preset requirements; and using the corrected Y-coordinate values as the Y-coordinate values of each point in the next finite element deformation analysis calculation.
[0066] Specifically, if the standard deviation of the Y-coordinate values of all points on the top of the beam after the current iteration is greater than the preset tolerance, it indicates that the straightness of the beam after deformation is poor. The Y-coordinate values of each point on the top of the beam after the current iteration that are greater than the preset tolerance are corrected, and the corrected Y-coordinate values of each point are used as the Y-coordinate values of each point in the next iteration.
[0067] In some embodiments, correcting the deformed Y-coordinate value that does not meet the preset requirements can be expressed as follows: The corrected Y-coordinate values for each point, where W is the width of the beam. Let be the Y-coordinate value of each point i after the (k-1)th iteration.
[0068] Optionally, since the positions of various points change after the beam deforms, in order to ensure that the dimensional parameters of the beam design remain unchanged, the Y-coordinate values of each point at the top of the beam after the current iteration, which exceed the preset tolerance, are corrected. This correction ensures that the Y-coordinate of the beam remains unchanged, i.e., the width of the beam remains constant. The X-coordinate values of each point on the beam are kept constant, and the corrected Y-coordinate values of each point on the beam are used as the Y-coordinate values for the next iteration of finite element modeling.
[0069] When iterating over the initial coordinate values, the current coordinate value is the initial coordinate value, which is obtained by adding the initial coordinate value to the Y-direction displacement values of each point on the beam after applying the load, thus obtaining the Y-direction coordinate values of each point on the top of the beam after iteration. If the standard deviation of the Y-direction coordinate values of each point after iteration is still not within the preset tolerance range, the Y-direction coordinate values of each point after iteration are corrected, and the corrected Y-direction coordinate values of each point are used as the new Y-direction coordinate values for the finite element modeling of the next iteration. At this time, the current coordinate value is the new Y-direction coordinate value, which is obtained by adding the new Y-direction coordinate value to the Y-direction displacement values of each point on the beam after applying the load, thus obtaining the Y-direction coordinate values of each point on the top of the beam after iteration.
[0070] This invention, through analysis of the finite element model of the beam, can iteratively calculate and automatically find the optimal arching design curve, saving a lot of time. Furthermore, by comparing the standard deviation of the Y-axis coordinate values of each point after beam deformation with the preset tolerance, the coordinate values of the beam points that meet the straightness requirements can be obtained, thereby obtaining the target geometric model of the beam.
[0071] In some embodiments, determining the parameters of the beam includes determining the beam's dimensions and material parameters.
[0072] Specifically, the dimensional parameters of the beam include determining the structural dimensions of the beam, such as its length, width, and height. The material parameters of the beam include determining the material and model of the beam.
[0073] For example, the length of the beam is 1000mm, the width of the beam is 40mm, the freedom of the two ends of the beam is constrained, and the material of the beam is steel.
[0074] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.
[0075] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.
[0076] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between them; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.
[0077] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that they are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.
[0078] In this invention, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.
[0079] It is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for designing the camber of a heavy-duty, long-span crossbeam, characterized in that, include: Determine the parameters of the crossbeam; An initial geometric model of the beam is constructed based on the parameters of the beam, and the geometric model is processed by mesh generation to form a finite element model of the beam. Deformation analysis was performed on the finite element model of the beam to calculate the coordinate values of multiple points on the beam after deformation. Draw the beam deflection curve based on the coordinate values of the deformed points; The target geometric model of the beam is obtained based on the beam deflection curve. The finite element model of the beam is formed by processing the geometric model through mesh generation, including: The initial geometric model is meshed, and the initial Y-axis coordinates of multiple points are determined. Set the load parameters and perform deformation analysis on the finite element model of the beam based on the load parameters; The calculation of coordinate values at multiple points on the beam after deformation includes: Calculate the Y-direction displacement value for each of the aforementioned points; Draw the beam deflection curve based on the Y-direction displacement value of the aforementioned point; Calculating the coordinate values of multiple points on the beam after deformation also includes determining whether the Y-coordinate values of the points meet the preset requirements. If so, the Y-coordinate values of the beam deflection curve are output. Determining whether the Y-coordinate value of the point meets the preset requirements includes: The Y-direction displacement value of the point is added to the Y-direction coordinate value of the previous iteration to obtain the output coordinate value. A deflection curve model is then plotted based on the output coordinate value. The deflection curve model is as follows: Where i represents the various points on the beam. These are the Y-coordinate values of each point i after the (k-1)th iteration. Let i be the Y-direction displacement value at each point i. Let be the Y-coordinate value of each point i after the k-th iteration; Determine whether the output coordinate values meet the preset requirements; Determining whether the output coordinate values meet the preset requirements includes: Calculate the Y-coordinate values of all points after the k-th iteration. Standard deviation; Determine whether the standard deviation meets the preset tolerance; If so, the output coordinate values are obtained; otherwise, the parameters of the beam are adjusted and finite element deformation analysis is performed again. The Y-coordinate values of all points after the k-th iteration The standard deviation is expressed as: Where N is the number of points, and N is a positive number. Y-coordinate values of all points The arithmetic mean; Adjusting the parameters of the crossbeam includes: Correct the Y-axis coordinate values after deformation that do not meet the preset requirements; The corrected Y-coordinate values will be used as the Y-coordinate values of each point in the next finite element deformation analysis calculation; The correction for the deformed Y-coordinate value that does not meet the preset requirements is expressed as follows: , The corrected Y-coordinate values for each point, where W is the width of the beam. Let be the Y-coordinate value of each point i after the (k-1)th iteration.
2. The camber design method for heavy-duty, long-span crossbeams according to claim 1, characterized in that, Determining the parameters of the crossbeam includes determining the dimensions and material parameters of the crossbeam.