Offline calibration method, electronic equipment and system for fuel cell air supply system

Abstract

The present invention provides an offline calibration method, electronic device, and system for an air supply system for a fuel cell. The method comprises: obtaining the operating current range and operating temperature range of the fuel cell stack, and determining the air temperature range of air entering the air supply system based on the operating temperature range; dividing the operating current range into m discrete operating current values, and dividing the air temperature range into n discrete air temperature values; wherein m and n are positive integers; and determining, at each discrete air temperature value, the calibrated speed of the air compressor and the calibrated opening of the backpressure valve in the air supply system corresponding to each discrete operating current value. The present invention comprehensively considers the effects of the operating current and ambient temperature on the speed of the air compressor and the opening of the backpressure valve, and obtains an accurate continuous map of the speed and opening by offline calibrating the calibrated speed and opening corresponding to all operating current values ​​at each air temperature value, while also effectively reducing the amount of online operation adjustment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and in particular to an off-line calibration method, electronic equipment and system for an air supply system for a fuel cell. Background Art

[0002] Normal power generation in hydrogen fuel cells requires an air supply system to supply oxidant to the cathode to meet the oxidant reaction requirements at different currents while also removing the generated water from the stack. Fuel cell air supply systems typically include an air filter, air compressor, humidifier, and back-pressure valve. During operation, these systems primarily adjust the air compressor speed and back-pressure valve opening to meet the manufacturer's specified air flow and cathode pressure at different output currents.

[0003] To ensure fuel cells can quickly and stably respond to load power demands under varying operating conditions, current technology typically uses direct online calibration using air compressor factory data combined with PID control. This involves connecting the device to an adjustable load. The air compressor speed and backpressure valve opening are then adjusted at a specified load output value until the required pressure differentials between the cathode, anode, and coolant, as well as the operating voltage differences between the individual cells, are achieved. This data is then recorded before calibration is performed at the next operating point.

[0004] However, due to the lack of a baseline reference value, the air supply system requires technicians to simultaneously adjust the air compressor speed and back-pressure valve opening during actual operation. At the same time, they must also verify that the pressure differential between the cathode, anode, and cooling water does not exceed the specified value, making this operation quite difficult. If unstable fluctuations cause a parameter to exceed the normal range, a protective mechanism in the air supply system may cause the system to shut down, significantly increasing the calibration workload for technicians. If the air supply system lacks a protective mechanism, damage may occur. Furthermore, this method can easily lead to situations where the calibration value meets the requirements of the current operating point, but the value differs significantly at the next operating point, resulting in an uneven calibration map and low overall efficiency, significantly impacting the performance of the fuel cell system. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Embodiments of the present invention provide an offline calibration method, electronic equipment, and system for an air supply system for a fuel cell, to address the problems in the prior art of heavy workload in the calibration process of an air supply system for a fuel cell and the impact of the calibration results on the operating performance of the fuel cell.

[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an offline calibration method for an air supply system for a fuel cell, comprising:

[0007] Obtaining an operating current range and an operating temperature range of the fuel cell stack, and determining an air temperature range of air entering the air supply system based on the operating temperature range;

[0008] Dividing the operating current range into m discrete operating current values, and dividing the air temperature range into n discrete air temperature values; wherein m and n are positive integers;

[0009] Under each discrete value of the air temperature, a calibrated rotation speed of the air compressor and a calibrated opening of the back pressure valve in the air supply system corresponding to each discrete value of the working current are determined.

[0010] In a possible implementation, determining the calibrated speed of the air compressor and the calibrated opening of the back pressure valve in the air supply system corresponding to each discrete value of the operating current at each discrete value of the air temperature includes:

[0011] At each discrete value of the air temperature, determining a theoretical air flow requirement value of the fuel cell stack and a target speed of an air compressor in the air supply system corresponding to each discrete value of the operating current;

[0012] Based on the theoretical air flow demand value and the target speed, a calibrated speed of the air compressor and a calibrated opening of the back pressure valve in the air supply system corresponding to each discrete value of the operating current at each discrete value of the air temperature are determined.

[0013] In a possible implementation, determining the theoretical air flow requirement value of the fuel cell stack corresponding to each discrete value of the operating current at each discrete value of the air temperature includes:

[0014] At each discrete value of the air temperature, according to Calculate the theoretical air flow requirement of the stack corresponding to each discrete value of the operating current;

[0015] in, represents the theoretical air flow requirement of the stack corresponding to the discrete value of the i-th operating current, i = 1, 2, ..., m, λ ca Indicates excess air coefficient, N fc Indicates the number of cells in the stack, I i represents the discrete value of the i-th working current, represents the molar mass of oxygen, F represents the Faraday constant, Indicates the percentage of oxygen in the air.

[0016] In a possible implementation, determining the target speed of the air compressor in the air supply system corresponding to each discrete value of the operating current at each discrete value of the air temperature includes:

[0017] At each discrete value of the air temperature, obtaining a plurality of theoretical rotational speeds of the air compressor in the air supply system corresponding to each discrete value of the working current based on a characteristic curve of the air compressor;

[0018] The rotation speed of the air compressor that meets the preset conditions among the multiple theoretical rotation speeds is recorded as the target rotation speed of the air compressor in the air supply system corresponding to the discrete value of the working current.

[0019] In one possible implementation, determining, based on the theoretical air flow demand value and the target speed, a calibrated speed of the air compressor and a calibrated opening of the back-pressure valve in the air supply system corresponding to each discrete value of the operating current at each discrete value of the air temperature, includes:

[0020] At discrete values ​​of air temperature T j The discrete value of the working current I i At the corresponding target speed, adjust the opening of the back-pressure valve until the pressure value collected by the pressure sensor connected to the back-pressure valve equals the target pressure value, and record the opening corresponding to the current pressure value as the target opening; where j = 1, 2, ..., n; the target pressure value is determined based on the cathode pressure of the fuel cell stack;

[0021] measuring a first actual air flow demand value of the fuel cell stack at the target speed and the target opening;

[0022] determining whether the first actual air flow demand value is equal to the theoretical air flow demand value;

[0023] When the first actual air flow demand value is equal to the theoretical air flow demand value, the target speed and the target opening are recorded as the air temperature discrete value T j The discrete value of the working current I i The corresponding calibrated speed of the air compressor and the calibrated opening of the back pressure valve in the air supply system.

[0024] In a possible implementation, after determining whether the first actual air flow requirement value is equal to the theoretical air flow requirement value, the method further includes:

[0025] When the first actual air flow demand value is not equal to the theoretical air flow demand value, adjusting the target speed of the air compressor, and recording the adjusted speed of the air compressor as a first speed;

[0026] At the first speed, adjusting the target opening of the back pressure valve until the pressure value collected by the pressure sensor connected to the back pressure valve equals the target pressure value again, and recording the opening corresponding to the current pressure value as the first opening;

[0027] Using the first speed as a new target speed, using the first opening as a new target opening, and re-performing the step of “measuring a first actual air flow demand value of the fuel cell stack at the target speed and the target opening” and subsequent steps;

[0028] Until the first actual air flow demand value remeasured is equal to the theoretical air flow demand value, the target speed and target opening corresponding to the first actual air flow demand value remeasured are recorded as the air temperature discrete value T j The discrete value of the working current I i The corresponding calibrated speed of the air compressor and the calibrated opening of the back pressure valve in the air supply system.

[0029] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the method described in the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect are implemented.

[0030] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an off-line calibration system for an air supply system for a fuel cell, comprising the electronic device as described in the second aspect above, and further comprising: an air temperature regulating device, a flow meter, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, and an air filter, an air compressor, an intercooler, and a back pressure valve in the air supply system;

[0031] The input end of the air temperature regulating device serves as the input end of the off-line calibration system of the fuel cell air supply system, and the output end of the air temperature regulating device is connected to the input end of the air filter;

[0032] The flow meter is arranged at one end close to the output end of the air temperature regulating device;

[0033] The temperature sensor is arranged at one end close to the input end of the air filter;

[0034] The output end of the air filter is connected to the input end of the air compressor;

[0035] The output end of the air compressor is connected to the input end of the intercooler;

[0036] The input end of the intercooler is connected to the first end of the back pressure valve;

[0037] The second end of the back pressure valve serves as the output end of the off-line calibration system of the fuel cell air supply system;

[0038] The pressure sensor is arranged at one end close to the first end of the back pressure valve;

[0039] The air temperature regulating device, the flow meter, the temperature sensor, the pressure sensor, the air compressor and the back pressure valve are all electrically connected to the electronic device;

[0040] The electronic device is also used to control the air temperature regulating device to output air with a temperature corresponding to each discrete value of the air temperature, and to obtain the temperature of the air output by the air temperature regulating device collected by the temperature sensor, as well as to control the pressure sensor to collect the pressure value, and to control the flow meter to measure the first actual air flow demand value of the fuel cell stack.

[0041] In a possible implementation, the air temperature regulating device includes: an air preheater, a refrigerator, and a three-way valve;

[0042] The input end of the air preheater serves as the input end of the air temperature regulating device, and the output end of the air preheater is connected to the first end of the three-way valve;

[0043] The second end of the three-way valve is connected to the input end of the refrigerator, and the third end of the three-way valve is connected to the output end of the refrigerator to serve as the output end of the air temperature regulating device;

[0044] Alternatively, the input end of the refrigerator serves as the input end of the air temperature regulating device, and the output end of the refrigerator is connected to the first end of the three-way valve;

[0045] The second end of the three-way valve is connected to the input end of the air preheater, and the third end of the three-way valve is connected to the output end of the air preheater to serve as the output end of the air temperature regulating device.

[0046] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the method described in the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect.

[0047] An embodiment of the present invention provides an offline calibration method, electronic device, and system for an air supply system for a fuel cell. The method includes: obtaining the operating current range and operating temperature range of the fuel cell stack, and determining the air temperature range of the air entering the air supply system based on the operating temperature range; dividing the operating current range into m discrete operating current values, and dividing the air temperature range into n discrete air temperature values; wherein m and n are positive integers; and at each discrete air temperature value, determining the calibrated speed of the air compressor and the calibrated opening of the back pressure valve in the air supply system corresponding to each discrete operating current value. In an embodiment of the present invention, the effects of different working currents and different ambient temperatures on the speed of the air compressor and the opening of the back-pressure valve are comprehensively considered. By calibrating the speed of the air compressor and the opening of the back-pressure valve corresponding to all working current values ​​at each air temperature value in an offline manner within the air temperature range, a relatively accurate continuous map of the speed of the air compressor and the opening of the back-pressure valve is obtained, thereby effectively ensuring consistency with the actual operating points of the integrated fuel cell system. This avoids the problem of staff repeatedly adjusting the calibration parameters during subsequent online calibration of the fuel cell system, thereby effectively reducing the workload of the staff for online calibration. In addition, the offline calibration method also effectively shortens the online calibration time of the staff, and largely avoids the energy loss and failure risk of the fuel cell system that may be caused if online calibration is adopted. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0049] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of an offline calibration method for a fuel cell air supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 2 is a flow chart of an offline calibration method for an air supply system for a fuel cell provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 3 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an off-line calibration device for an air supply system for a fuel cell provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 51 is a schematic structural diagram of an off-line calibration system for an air supply system for a fuel cell provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of an off-line calibration system for an air supply system for a fuel cell provided by another embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] In the following description, specific details such as particular system structures and techniques are provided for purposes of illustration, not limitation, to facilitate a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced in other embodiments without these specific details. In other cases, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the present invention with unnecessary detail.

[0056] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, specific embodiments will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0057] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of an offline calibration method for a fuel cell air supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 Please refer to the flowchart of the method for offline calibration of the fuel cell air supply system provided in the embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 and Figure 2 An embodiment of the present invention provides an off-line calibration method for an air supply system for a fuel cell, comprising:

[0058] Step 101: Acquire an operating current range and an operating temperature range of a fuel cell stack, and determine an air temperature range of air entering an air supply system based on the operating temperature range.

[0059] In step 101, the operating current range and operating temperature range of the fuel cell stack can be determined based on the performance data of the fuel cell stack provided by the manufacturer of the fuel cell stack (e.g., a current-performance parameter table of the fuel cell stack, a current-performance curve of the fuel cell stack, and an operating temperature-performance parameter table of the fuel cell stack, etc.), and then the air temperature range of the air entering the air supply system can be determined based on the obtained operating temperature range of the fuel cell stack. Exemplarily, the operating current range of the fuel cell stack can be determined by obtaining the maximum and minimum operating current values ​​of the fuel cell stack based on the current-performance curve of the fuel cell stack, and then determining the operating current range of the fuel cell stack based on the minimum and maximum operating current values.

[0060] In this embodiment, by obtaining the operating current range of the fuel cell stack and the air temperature range of the air entering the air supply system, it is convenient to subsequently determine the calibrated speed of the air compressor and the calibrated opening of the back pressure valve in the air supply system under different air temperatures and different operating currents based on the operating current range and air temperature range.

[0061] Step 102: Divide the operating current range into m discrete operating current values, and divide the air temperature range into n discrete air temperature values; wherein m and n are positive integers.

[0062] In step 102, when dividing the operating current range of the battery stack into m (m is a positive integer) discrete operating current values, for example, the specific discrete values ​​given in the battery stack current-performance parameter table provided by the manufacturer of the battery stack can be directly used as the discrete operating current values; or the operating current range obtained based on the current-performance curve of the battery stack can be divided to obtain the discrete operating current values, which is not limited in this application. In addition, when dividing the air temperature range of the air entering the air supply system into n (n is a positive integer) discrete air temperature values, for example, the accuracy of the air temperature discrete values ​​can be determined based on the accuracy of the temperature control equipment that adjusts the air temperature, or can be determined by relevant technical personnel, which is not limited in this application.

[0063] In this embodiment, by dividing the operating temperature range of the fuel cell stack and the temperature range of the air entering the air supply system into several corresponding operating temperature discrete values ​​and air temperature discrete values, it is convenient to subsequently calibrate the speed of the air compressor and the opening of the back pressure valve in the air supply system in an offline mode based on each operating temperature discrete value and each air temperature discrete value.

[0064] Step 103: Under each discrete value of the air temperature, determine the calibrated speed of the air compressor and the calibrated opening of the back pressure valve in the air supply system corresponding to each discrete value of the working current.

[0065] In step 103, by limiting the temperature of the air entering the air supply system to each discrete value of the air temperature, the calibrated speed of the air compressor and the calibrated opening of the back pressure valve in the air supply system corresponding to all discrete values ​​of the working current under the discrete value of the air temperature are further determined. For example, Figure 2 As shown, the air entering the air supply system can be heated or cooled to adjust the air temperature to various discrete air temperature values. In this embodiment, the air compressor speed and the back pressure valve opening in the air supply system are calibrated to meet different operating currents and different ambient temperatures.

[0066] An embodiment of the present invention provides an offline calibration method for an air supply system for a fuel cell, the method comprising: obtaining an operating current range and an operating temperature range of a fuel cell stack, and determining an air temperature range of air entering the air supply system based on the operating temperature range; dividing the operating current range into m discrete operating current values, and dividing the air temperature range into n discrete air temperature values; wherein m and n are positive integers; and at each discrete air temperature value, determining a calibrated speed of an air compressor and a calibrated opening of a back pressure valve in the air supply system corresponding to each discrete operating current value. In an embodiment of the present invention, the effects of different working currents and different ambient temperatures on the speed of the air compressor and the opening of the back-pressure valve are comprehensively considered. By calibrating the speed of the air compressor and the opening of the back-pressure valve corresponding to all working current values ​​at each air temperature value in an offline manner within the air temperature range, a relatively accurate continuous map of the speed of the air compressor and the opening of the back-pressure valve is obtained, thereby effectively ensuring consistency with the actual operating points of the integrated fuel cell system. This avoids the problem of staff repeatedly adjusting the calibration parameters during subsequent online calibration of the fuel cell system, thereby effectively reducing the workload of the staff for online calibration. In addition, the offline calibration method also effectively shortens the online calibration time of the staff, and largely avoids the energy loss and failure risk of the fuel cell system that may be caused if online calibration is adopted.

[0067] In one possible implementation, determining the calibrated speed of the air compressor and the calibrated opening of the back pressure valve in the air supply system corresponding to each discrete value of the operating current at each discrete value of the air temperature includes:

[0068] At each discrete value of the air temperature, the theoretical air flow requirement value of the fuel cell stack and the target speed of the air compressor in the air supply system corresponding to each discrete value of the operating current are determined.

[0069] Based on the theoretical air flow demand value and the target speed, a calibrated speed of the air compressor and a calibrated opening of the back pressure valve in the air supply system corresponding to each discrete value of the working current at each discrete value of the air temperature are determined.

[0070] Typically, before performing online calibration of a fuel cell system, the target speed of the air compressor and the target opening of the backpressure valve in the air supply system should be determined for different output currents to meet the stack's air flow and inlet air pressure requirements. Without these target speeds and openings, technicians can only manually adjust these two parameters during online calibration, which carries a high risk of failure. Furthermore, it's very easy for the calibrated values ​​to meet the requirements at one operating point but differ significantly at the next, resulting in an uneven calibration map and impacting fuel cell system performance.

[0071] Furthermore, changes in ambient temperature also affect the final calibration map. If the current ambient temperature differs from the ambient temperature corresponding to calibration, the air compressor speed and back-pressure valve opening will also change under the same output current. If offline calibration only provides a basic map under certain conditions (different ambient temperatures or different operating currents), its reference value will be greatly reduced, resulting in the inability to smoothly implement the online calibration process or a significant increase in the online calibration workload and reduced quality of the final calibration map. Therefore, it is necessary to provide basic maps or their corrected values ​​under different environmental conditions during the offline calibration phase, so that reasonable values ​​for each operating point can be more accurately determined before online calibration.

[0072] Based on this, in this embodiment, by limiting the temperature of the air entering the air supply system to each discrete air temperature value, the theoretical air flow requirement of the fuel cell stack and the target speed of the air compressor in the air supply system corresponding to each discrete operating current value at this discrete air temperature value are further determined. Subsequently, based on the theoretical air flow requirement and target speed at this discrete air temperature value, the calibrated speed of the air compressor in the air supply system and the calibrated opening of the backpressure valve in the air supply system corresponding to each discrete operating current value are determined, thereby achieving calibration of the speed of the air compressor and the opening of the backpressure valve in the air supply system for each condition that meets different operating currents and different ambient temperatures.

[0073] In one possible implementation, determining the theoretical air flow requirement value of the stack corresponding to each discrete value of the operating current at each discrete value of the air temperature includes:

[0074] At each discrete value of air temperature, according to Calculate the theoretical air flow requirement of the fuel cell stack corresponding to each discrete value of the operating current.

[0075] in, represents the theoretical air flow requirement of the stack corresponding to the discrete value of the i-th operating current, i = 1, 2, ..., m, λ ca Indicates excess air coefficient, N fc Indicates the number of cells in the stack, I i represents the discrete value of the i-th working current, represents the molar mass of oxygen, F represents the Faraday constant, Indicates the percentage of oxygen in the air.

[0076] In this embodiment, after the temperature of the air entering the air supply system is limited to each discrete value of the air temperature, the Calculate the theoretical air flow requirement of the stack corresponding to each discrete value of the operating current under the discrete value of the air temperature. It represents the theoretical air flow requirement of the stack corresponding to the discrete value of the i-th operating current, in g / s (grams per second), i = 1, 2, ..., m, λ ca Indicates excess air coefficient, N fc Indicates the number of cells in the stack, I i represents the discrete value of the i-th working current, represents the molar mass of oxygen, F represents the Faraday constant, Indicates the proportion of oxygen in the air. In this embodiment, by calculating the theoretical air flow demand value of the fuel cell stack corresponding to each discrete value of the operating current at each discrete value of the air temperature, it is beneficial to adjust the speed of the air compressor and the opening of the backpressure valve in the actual air supply system according to each theoretical air flow demand value, thereby achieving calibration of the air compressor speed and the opening of the backpressure valve in the air supply system.

[0077] In one possible implementation, determining a target speed of an air compressor in the air supply system corresponding to each discrete value of the operating current at each discrete value of the air temperature includes:

[0078] At each discrete value of the air temperature, a plurality of theoretical rotational speeds of the air compressor in the air supply system corresponding to each discrete value of the working current are obtained based on a characteristic curve of the air compressor.

[0079] The rotation speed of the air compressor that meets the preset conditions among the multiple theoretical rotation speeds is recorded as the target rotation speed of the air compressor in the air supply system corresponding to the discrete value of the working current.

[0080] In this embodiment, at each discrete value of air temperature, multiple theoretical speeds of the air compressor corresponding to each discrete value of operating current are obtained by querying the characteristic curve of the air compressor. Then, a speed that meets a preset condition is selected from the multiple theoretical speeds as the target speed of the air compressor corresponding to the discrete value of operating current. Exemplarily, the preset condition can be that the isentropic efficiency corresponding to the air compressor at a certain theoretical speed exceeds a preset threshold and the difference between the theoretical speed and the critical speed corresponding to the surge line is within a preset difference range. In this embodiment, by selecting a speed with high isentropic efficiency and a certain distance from the surge line from the multiple theoretical speeds as the target speed of the air compressor corresponding to each discrete value of operating current at each discrete value of air temperature, the speed of the air compressor can be fine-tuned from a relatively reasonable speed value, thereby facilitating the efficient and rapid calibration of the speed of the air compressor and the opening of the backpressure valve in the air supply system under different ambient temperatures and different operating currents.

[0081] In one possible implementation, determining a calibrated speed of an air compressor and a calibrated opening of a back-pressure valve in an air supply system corresponding to each discrete value of an operating current at each discrete value of an air temperature based on a theoretical air flow demand value and a target speed includes:

[0082] At discrete values ​​of air temperature T j The discrete value of the working current I i At the corresponding target speed, adjust the opening of the back-pressure valve until the pressure value collected by the pressure sensor connected to the back-pressure valve is equal to the pressure target value. The opening corresponding to the current pressure value is recorded as the target opening; where j = 1, 2, ..., n; the pressure target value is determined based on the cathode pressure of the fuel cell stack.

[0083] Measure the first actual air flow demand value of the fuel cell stack at the target speed and target opening.

[0084] It is determined whether the first actual air flow requirement value is equal to the theoretical air flow requirement value.

[0085] When the first actual air flow demand value is equal to the theoretical air flow demand value, the target speed and target opening are recorded as the air temperature discrete value T j The discrete value of the working current I i The corresponding calibrated speed of the air compressor and the calibrated opening of the back pressure valve in the air supply system.

[0086] Usually, before the fuel cell system is calibrated online, the speed of the air compressor and the opening of the back pressure valve at different working current values ​​will be determined first to ensure the stack's demand for air flow and inlet air pressure. However, the speed of the air compressor and the opening of the back pressure valve have a coupling relationship on the two indicators of the stack (i.e., air flow demand and inlet air pressure demand), which is specifically reflected in the following: adjusting the speed of the air compressor will change the air flow and pressure at the same time. Based on this, in this embodiment, at the discrete value of air temperature T j (where j = 1, 2, ..., n), firstly, each discrete value of the working current I iThe speed of the corresponding air compressor is adjusted to the target speed so that it runs at the target speed, and then the opening of the back-pressure valve is adjusted. Exemplarily, the degree of adjustment of the opening of the back-pressure valve can be determined according to the pressure of the air passing through the back-pressure valve. For example, before the air enters the back-pressure valve, the pressure of the air is obtained, and the opening of the back-pressure valve is adjusted according to the pressure of the air. In this embodiment, the back-pressure valve can be linked to a pressure sensor, so that before the air enters the back-pressure valve, the pressure of the air can be obtained in advance, and the opening of the back-pressure valve is determined based on the pressure of the air. That is, the opening of the back-pressure valve is adjusted according to the pressure value of the pressure sensor connected to the back-pressure valve, until the pressure value is equal to the pressure target value, and the current opening of the back-pressure valve is recorded as the target opening. Wherein, the pressure target value is determined based on the cathode pressure of the fuel cell stack.

[0087] After determining the target opening, the air compressor in the air supply system is controlled to operate at the target speed and the back pressure valve is controlled to operate at the target opening. At this time, a first actual air flow demand value of the fuel cell stack is measured at the target speed and target opening. For example, the first actual air flow demand value can be measured by an air flow meter.

[0088] Then, it is determined whether the first actual air flow demand value is equal to the theoretical air flow demand value. When the first actual air flow demand value is equal to the theoretical air flow demand value, it indicates that the current target speed of the air compressor and the current target opening of the back pressure valve are the speed and opening that can meet the air flow demand and pressure demand of the fuel cell stack under the current operating point, and the target speed and target opening at this time are respectively used as the air temperature discrete value T j The discrete value of the working current I i The corresponding calibrated speed of the air compressor and the calibrated opening of the back pressure valve in the air supply system. In this way, the optimal calibration of the speed of the air compressor and the optimal calibration of the opening of the back pressure valve in the air supply system can be achieved in the full range of working conditions.

[0089] In a possible implementation, after determining whether the first actual air flow demand value is equal to the theoretical air flow demand value, the method further includes:

[0090] When the first actual air flow demand value is not equal to the theoretical air flow demand value, the target speed of the air compressor is adjusted, and the adjusted speed of the air compressor is recorded as the first speed.

[0091] At the first speed, the target opening of the back pressure valve is adjusted until the pressure value collected by the pressure sensor connected to the back pressure valve is equal to the target pressure value again, and the opening corresponding to the current pressure value is recorded as the first opening.

[0092] The first speed is used as the new target speed, the first opening is used as the new target opening, and the step of "measuring the first actual air flow demand value of the fuel cell stack at the target speed and target opening" and subsequent steps are re-executed.

[0093] Until the re-measured first actual air flow demand value is equal to the theoretical air flow demand value, the target speed and target opening corresponding to the re-measured first actual air flow demand value are recorded as the air temperature discrete value T j The discrete value of the working current I i The corresponding calibrated speed of the air compressor and the calibrated opening of the back pressure valve in the air supply system.

[0094] In this embodiment, if the first actual air flow demand value is not equal to the theoretical air flow demand value, it indicates that the current target speed of the air compressor and the corresponding current target opening of the back pressure valve cannot meet the air flow demand and pressure demand of the fuel cell stack under the current operating point. At this time, the speed of the air compressor should be further adjusted, and then the opening of the back pressure valve should be adjusted so that the first actual air flow demand value is equal to the theoretical air flow demand value.

[0095] For example, the speed of the air compressor can be adjusted first, and the adjusted speed can be recorded as the first speed. In this case, after the speed of the air compressor is adjusted, the pressure of the air passing through the back-pressure valve will adaptively change. At this time, the target opening of the back-pressure valve is adjusted at the first speed, the air pressure value collected by the pressure sensor connected to the back-pressure valve is readjusted to the target pressure value, and the opening of the back-pressure valve corresponding to the current pressure value is recorded as the first opening.

[0096] The first speed is used as the new target speed, the first opening is used as the new target opening, and the step of "measuring the first actual air flow demand value of the fuel cell stack at the target speed and target opening" and subsequent steps are re-executed until the re-measured first actual air flow demand value is equal to the theoretical air flow demand value, indicating that the current target speed of the air compressor and the current target opening of the back pressure valve are the speed and opening that can meet the air flow demand and pressure demand of the fuel cell stack at the current operating point, so the target speed and target opening at this time are respectively used as the air temperature discrete value T j The discrete value of the working current I i The corresponding calibrated speed of the air compressor and the calibrated opening of the back pressure valve in the air supply system. In this way, the optimal calibration of the speed of the air compressor and the optimal calibration of the opening of the back pressure valve in the air supply system can be achieved in the full range of working conditions.

[0097] It should be understood that the size of the serial numbers of the steps in the above embodiments does not mean the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0098] The following are device embodiments of the present invention. For details not fully described therein, reference may be made to the corresponding method embodiments described above.

[0099] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an off-line calibration device for an air supply system for a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention. For ease of explanation, only the parts related to the embodiment of the present invention are shown. The details are as follows:

[0100] like Figure 3 As shown, the fuel cell air supply system offline calibration device 3 includes:

[0101] The data acquisition module 301 is used to acquire the operating current range and the operating temperature range of the fuel cell stack, and determine the air temperature range of the air entering the air supply system based on the operating temperature range.

[0102] The data partitioning module 302 is configured to partition the operating current range into m discrete operating current values ​​and the air temperature range into n discrete air temperature values; wherein m and n are positive integers.

[0103] The offline calibration module 303 is used to determine the calibrated speed of the air compressor and the calibrated opening of the back pressure valve in the air supply system corresponding to each discrete value of the working current at each discrete value of the air temperature.

[0104] An embodiment of the present invention provides an offline calibration device for an air supply system for a fuel cell, which comprehensively considers the effects of different working currents and different ambient temperatures on the rotational speed of the air compressor and the opening of the back-pressure valve, and calibrates the rotational speed of the air compressor and the opening of the back-pressure valve corresponding to all working current values ​​at each air temperature value in an offline manner within the air temperature range, thereby obtaining a relatively accurate continuous map of the rotational speed of the air compressor and the opening of the back-pressure valve, thereby effectively ensuring consistency with the various actual operating points of the integrated fuel cell system, thereby avoiding the problem of staff repeatedly adjusting the calibration parameters during subsequent online calibration of the fuel cell system, thereby effectively reducing the workload of the staff for online calibration; in addition, the offline calibration method also effectively shortens the time for staff to conduct online calibration, and largely avoids the problems of energy loss and failure risk of the fuel cell system that may be caused if online calibration is adopted completely.

[0105] In one possible implementation, the offline calibration module 303 determines the calibrated speed of the air compressor and the calibrated opening of the back pressure valve in the air supply system corresponding to each discrete value of the operating current at each discrete value of the air temperature, specifically for:

[0106] At each discrete value of the air temperature, the theoretical air flow requirement value of the fuel cell stack and the target speed of the air compressor in the air supply system corresponding to each discrete value of the operating current are determined.

[0107] Based on the theoretical air flow demand value and the target speed, a calibrated speed of the air compressor and a calibrated opening of the back pressure valve in the air supply system corresponding to each discrete value of the working current at each discrete value of the air temperature are determined.

[0108] In one possible implementation, the offline calibration module 303 is specifically configured to:

[0109] At each discrete value of air temperature, according to Calculate the theoretical air flow requirement of the fuel cell stack corresponding to each discrete value of the operating current.

[0110] in, represents the theoretical air flow requirement of the stack corresponding to the discrete value of the i-th operating current, i = 1, 2, ..., m, λ ca Indicates excess air coefficient, N fc Indicates the number of cells in the stack, I i represents the discrete value of the i-th working current, represents the molar mass of oxygen, F represents the Faraday constant, Indicates the percentage of oxygen in the air.

[0111] In one possible implementation, the offline calibration module 303 is specifically configured to:

[0112] At each discrete value of the air temperature, a plurality of theoretical rotational speeds of the air compressor in the air supply system corresponding to each discrete value of the working current are obtained based on a characteristic curve of the air compressor.

[0113] The rotation speed of the air compressor that meets the preset conditions among the multiple theoretical rotation speeds is recorded as the target rotation speed of the air compressor in the air supply system corresponding to the discrete value of the working current.

[0114] In one possible implementation, the offline calibration module 303 determines, based on the theoretical air flow demand value and the target speed, the calibrated speed of the air compressor and the calibrated opening of the back-pressure valve in the air supply system corresponding to each discrete value of the operating current at each discrete value of the air temperature. Specifically, the calibrated speed is:

[0115] At discrete values ​​of air temperature T j The discrete value of the working current I i At the corresponding target speed, adjust the opening of the back-pressure valve until the pressure value collected by the pressure sensor connected to the back-pressure valve is equal to the pressure target value. The opening corresponding to the current pressure value is recorded as the target opening; where j = 1, 2, ..., n; the pressure target value is determined based on the cathode pressure of the fuel cell stack.

[0116] Measure the first actual air flow demand value of the fuel cell stack at the target speed and target opening.

[0117] It is determined whether the first actual air flow requirement value is equal to the theoretical air flow requirement value.

[0118] When the first actual air flow demand value is equal to the theoretical air flow demand value, the target speed and target opening are recorded as the air temperature discrete value T j The discrete value of the working current I i The corresponding calibrated speed of the air compressor and the calibrated opening of the back pressure valve in the air supply system.

[0119] In a possible implementation, after determining whether the first actual air flow demand value is equal to the theoretical air flow demand value, the offline calibration module 303 is further configured to:

[0120] When the first actual air flow demand value is not equal to the theoretical air flow demand value, the target speed of the air compressor is adjusted, and the adjusted speed of the air compressor is recorded as the first speed.

[0121] At the first speed, the target opening of the back pressure valve is adjusted until the pressure value collected by the pressure sensor connected to the back pressure valve is equal to the target pressure value again, and the opening corresponding to the current pressure value is recorded as the first opening.

[0122] The first speed is used as the new target speed, the first opening is used as the new target opening, and the operation of "measuring the first actual air flow demand value of the fuel cell stack at the target speed and target opening" and subsequent operations are re-executed.

[0123] Until the re-measured first actual air flow demand value is equal to the theoretical air flow demand value, the target speed and target opening corresponding to the re-measured first actual air flow demand value are recorded as the air temperature discrete value T j The discrete value of the working current I iThe corresponding calibrated speed of the air compressor and the calibrated opening of the back pressure valve in the air supply system.

[0124] An embodiment of the present invention also provides an electronic device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and runnable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the method described in the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect are implemented.

[0125] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 As shown, the electronic device 4 of this embodiment includes: a processor 40, a memory 41, and a computer program 42 stored in the memory 41 and executable on the processor 40. When the processor 40 executes the computer program 42, the steps in the above-mentioned embodiments of the off-line calibration method for the fuel cell air supply system are implemented, such as Figure 1 Alternatively, when the processor 40 executes the computer program 42, the functions of the modules in the above-mentioned device embodiments are realized, for example, Figure 3 Functions of modules 301 to 303 are shown.

[0126] Exemplarily, the computer program 42 may be divided into one or more modules / units, which are stored in the memory 41 and executed by the processor 40 to implement the present invention. The one or more modules / units may be a series of computer program instruction segments capable of implementing specific functions, which are used to describe the execution process of the computer program 42 in the electronic device 4. For example, the computer program 42 may be divided into Figure 3 Modules 301 to 303 are shown.

[0127] The electronic device 4 can be a computing device such as a desktop computer, a notebook, a PDA, or a cloud server. The electronic device 4 can include, but is not limited to, a processor 40 and a memory 41. Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 4 It is only an example of the electronic device 4 and does not constitute a limitation of the electronic device 4. It may include more or fewer components than shown in the figure, or a combination of certain components, or different components. For example, the electronic device may also include input and output devices, network access devices, buses, etc.

[0128] The processor 40 may be a central processing unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.

[0129] The memory 41 may be an internal storage unit of the electronic device 4, such as a hard disk or memory of the electronic device 4. The memory 41 may also be an external storage device of the electronic device 4, such as a plug-in hard disk, a smart media card (SMC), a secure digital (SD) card, a flash card, etc. equipped on the electronic device 4. Furthermore, the memory 41 may include both an internal storage unit of the electronic device 4 and an external storage device. The memory 41 is used to store the computer program and other programs and data required by the electronic device. The memory 41 may also be used to temporarily store data that has been output or is about to be output.

[0130] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, only the division of the above-mentioned functional units and modules is used as an example for illustration. In actual applications, the above-mentioned functions can be distributed and completed by different functional units and modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional units or modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. The functional units and modules in the embodiment can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically alone, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The above-mentioned integrated unit can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional units. In addition, the specific names of the functional units and modules are only for the convenience of distinguishing each other, and are not used to limit the scope of protection of this application. The specific working process of the units and modules in the above-mentioned system can refer to the corresponding process in the aforementioned method embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0131] In the above embodiments, the description of each embodiment has its own focus. For parts that are not described or recorded in detail in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant description of other embodiments.

[0132] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professionals and technicians can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of the present invention.

[0133] In the embodiments provided by the present invention, it should be understood that the disclosed devices / electronic devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device / electronic device embodiments described above are merely schematic. For example, the division of the modules or units is merely a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0134] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of these units may be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0135] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into a single processing unit, each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into a single unit. The aforementioned integrated units may be implemented in the form of hardware or software functional units.

[0136] If the integrated module / unit is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the present invention implements all or part of the process in the above-mentioned embodiment method, and can also be completed by instructing the relevant hardware through a computer program. The computer program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it can implement the steps of the above-mentioned embodiments of the air supply system for fuel cells. The computer program includes computer program code, which can be in source code form, object code form, executable file or some intermediate form. The computer-readable medium can include: any entity or device that can carry the computer program code, recording medium, USB flash drive, mobile hard disk, magnetic disk, optical disk, computer memory, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electrical carrier signal, telecommunication signal and software distribution medium. It should be noted that the content contained in the computer-readable medium can be appropriately increased or decreased according to the requirements of legislation and patent practices in the jurisdiction. For example, in some jurisdictions, according to legislation and patent practices, computer-readable media does not include electrical carrier signals and telecommunication signals.

[0137] As another embodiment of the present invention, the present invention also provides an offline calibration system for an air supply system for a fuel cell, comprising the electronic device as described in the second aspect above, and also comprising: an air temperature regulating device, a flow meter, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor and an air filter, an air compressor, an intercooler and a back pressure valve in the air supply system.

[0138] The input end of the air temperature regulating device serves as the input end of the off-line calibration system of the fuel cell air supply system, and the output end of the air temperature regulating device is connected to the input end of the air filter.

[0139] The flow meter is arranged at one end close to the output end of the air temperature regulating device.

[0140] The temperature sensor is arranged at one end close to the input end of the air filter.

[0141] The output end of the air filter is connected to the input end of the air compressor.

[0142] The output end of the air compressor is connected to the input end of the intercooler.

[0143] The input end of the intercooler is connected to the first end of the back pressure valve.

[0144] The second end of the back pressure valve serves as an output end of an off-line calibration system of an air supply system for a fuel cell.

[0145] The pressure sensor is disposed at one end close to the first end of the back pressure valve.

[0146] The air temperature regulating device, the flow meter, the temperature sensor, the pressure sensor, the air compressor and the back pressure valve are all electrically connected to the electronic equipment.

[0147] The electronic device is also used to control the air temperature regulating device to output air with a temperature corresponding to each discrete value of the air temperature, and to obtain the temperature of the air output by the air temperature regulating device collected by the temperature sensor, as well as to control the pressure sensor to collect the pressure value, and to control the flow meter to measure the first actual air flow demand value of the fuel cell stack.

[0148] In this embodiment, Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the off-line calibration system for the fuel cell air supply system provided by the embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 As shown, the system includes the electronic device 4 as described in the second aspect above, and also includes: an air temperature regulating device 51, a flow meter 52, a temperature sensor 53, a pressure sensor 57 and an air filter 54, an air compressor 55, an intercooler 56 and a back pressure valve 58 in the air supply system.

[0149] The input end of the air temperature regulating device 51 serves as the input end of the off-line calibration system of the fuel cell air supply system, and the output end of the air temperature regulating device 51 is connected to the input end of the air filter 54 .

[0150] The flow meter 52 is provided at one end close to the output end of the air temperature regulating device 51. For example, the flow meter 52 may be an air flow meter.

[0151] The temperature sensor 53 is provided at one end close to the input end of the air filter 54 .

[0152] An output end of the air filter 54 is connected to an input end of the air compressor 55 .

[0153] An output end of the air compressor 55 is connected to an input end of the intercooler 56 .

[0154] An input end of the intercooler 56 is connected to a first end of a back-pressure valve 58 .

[0155] The second end of the back pressure valve 58 serves as the output end of the off-line calibration system of the fuel cell air supply system.

[0156] The pressure sensor 57 is provided at one end close to the first end of the back pressure valve 58 .

[0157] The air temperature adjustment device 51 , the flow meter 52 , the temperature sensor 53 , the pressure sensor 57 , the air compressor 55 and the back pressure valve 58 are all electrically connected to the electronic device 4 .

[0158] The electronic device 4 is also used to control the air temperature regulating device 51 to output air with a temperature corresponding to each discrete value of the air temperature, and to obtain the temperature of the air output by the air temperature regulating device 51 collected by the temperature sensor 53, as well as to control the pressure sensor 57 to collect the pressure value, and to control the flowmeter 52 to measure the first actual air flow demand value of the fuel cell stack.

[0159] In the offline calibration system of the air supply system for fuel cells provided by an embodiment of the present invention, the effects of different working currents and different ambient temperatures on the speed of the air compressor and the opening of the back-pressure valve are comprehensively considered. By calibrating the speed of the air compressor and the opening of the back-pressure valve corresponding to all working current values ​​at each air temperature value in an offline manner within the air temperature range, a relatively accurate continuous map of the speed of the air compressor and the opening of the back-pressure valve is obtained, thereby effectively ensuring consistency with the various actual operating points of the integrated fuel cell system. This can avoid the problem of staff repeatedly adjusting the calibration parameters during subsequent online calibration of the fuel cell system, thereby effectively reducing the workload of the staff for online calibration; in addition, the offline calibration method also effectively shortens the time for staff to conduct online calibration, and largely avoids the problems of energy loss and failure risk of the fuel cell system that may be caused if online calibration is adopted completely.

[0160] In a possible implementation, the air temperature regulating device includes: an air preheater, a refrigerator, and a three-way valve;

[0161] The input end of the air preheater serves as the input end of the air temperature regulating device, and the output end of the air preheater is connected to the first end of the three-way valve;

[0162] The second end of the three-way valve is connected to the input end of the refrigerator, and the third end of the three-way valve is connected to the output end of the refrigerator to serve as the output end of the air temperature regulating device;

[0163] Alternatively, the input end of the refrigerator serves as the input end of the air temperature regulating device, and the output end of the refrigerator is connected to the first end of the three-way valve;

[0164] The second end of the three-way valve is connected to the input end of the air preheater, and the third end of the three-way valve is connected to the output end of the air preheater to serve as the output end of the air temperature regulating device.

[0165] In this embodiment, the air temperature control device 51 includes an air preheater 510, a refrigerator 511, and a three-way valve 512. Exemplarily, the three-way valve 512 may be an electric three-way valve. The electronic device 4 can control the opening and closing of each port of the three-way valve to allow air heated by the air preheater 510 or air cooled by the refrigerator 511 to be output from each port of the electric three-way valve. The electronic device 4 determines the switch branch of the three-way valve 512 based on each discrete air temperature value within the air temperature range. Exemplarily, if the air temperature is to be higher than the ambient temperature, the air preheater 510 branch is opened and the refrigerator 511 branch is closed, allowing heated air to be output from the three-way valve 512 port. If the air temperature is to be lower than the ambient temperature, the refrigerator 511 branch is opened and the air preheater 510 branch is closed, allowing cooled air to be output from the three-way valve 512 port. Correspondingly, the degree of heating or cooling can adjust the power of the air preheater 510 and the power of the refrigerator 511 based on the PID regulation function of the electronic device 4, so that the air temperature can meet the requirements of each air temperature discrete value in the air temperature range.

[0166] like Figure 5 As shown, when the input end of the air preheater 510 serves as the input end of the air temperature adjustment device 51, the output end of the air preheater 510 is connected to the first end of the three-way valve 512. The second end of the three-way valve 512 is connected to the input end of the refrigerator 511, and the third end of the three-way valve 512 is connected to the output end of the refrigerator 511 to serve as the output end of the air temperature adjustment device 51.

[0167] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of an off-line calibration system for an air supply system for a fuel cell according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 6 As shown, when the input end of the refrigerator 511 serves as the input end of the air temperature adjustment device 51, the output end of the refrigerator 511 is connected to the first end of the three-way valve 512. The second end of the three-way valve 512 is connected to the input end of the air preheater 510, and the third end of the three-way valve 512, after being connected to the output end of the air preheater 510, serves as the output end of the air temperature adjustment device 51.

[0168] In this embodiment, the air preheater 510, the cooler 511 and the three-way valve 512 can effectively adjust the temperature of the air entering the air supply system, thereby facilitating offline map calibration under different ambient temperatures.

[0169] In summary, in order to ensure that the fuel cell can quickly and stably respond to the load power demand under variable operating conditions, the existing technology generally adopts the method of numerical map to obtain the initial value, and combines it with PID adjustment for automatic control. Therefore, before the fuel cell power generation system is put into online testing, providing an accurate offline calibration map can effectively reduce the risk of online calibration and shorten the calibration time. Based on this, an embodiment of the present invention provides an offline calibration method, electronic equipment and system for an air supply system for a fuel cell. Based on this method, electronic equipment and system, rapid and accurate calibration of the offline map can be achieved, and the obtained reference map can be directly written into the control software of the fuel cell system as the fuel cell operating condition architecture, effectively reducing the time for repeatedly adjusting the calibration parameters during product development and reducing the resulting energy loss and failure risk.

[0170] Furthermore, the offline calibration method, electronic device, and system for the fuel cell air supply system provided in the embodiments of the present invention can be applied to the offline calibration of fuel cell air supply systems of different power levels. Specifically, offline map calibration of the optimal air supply system under all operating conditions can be achieved: the target speed of the air compressor and the target opening of the back-pressure valve in the air supply system corresponding to each discrete value of the operating current are determined at each discrete value of the air temperature, and the speed of the air compressor and the opening of the back-pressure valve are adjusted based on this to meet the air flow and pressure requirements of the fuel cell stack, ensuring the smoothness and accuracy of the offline map over the entire operating range, thereby laying the foundation for online calibration and thus formulating a final map with excellent performance. In addition, in this embodiment, the offline map has wide applicability and strong operability: when the air temperature changes, the air density will also change accordingly, and a single calibration result cannot adapt to changing conditions (such as different air temperatures or different operating currents). Therefore, the offline calibration method, electronic equipment, and system for the fuel cell air supply system provided in the embodiments of the present invention can provide an accurate offline map of the air compressor speed and the back pressure valve opening at different air temperatures. When relevant technicians perform online calibration, they only need to record the experimental environment temperature (that is, the experimental gas temperature) and use the offline calibration results to interpolate to obtain a basic map. This solution is applicable to different laboratory environments and is convenient for technicians to operate in practice.

[0171] The embodiments described above are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. These modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention, and should all be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for offline calibration of an air supply system for a fuel cell, characterized in that: include: Obtaining an operating current range and an operating temperature range of the fuel cell stack, and determining an air temperature range of air entering the air supply system based on the operating temperature range; Dividing the operating current range into m discrete operating current values, and dividing the air temperature range into n discrete air temperature values; wherein m and n are positive integers; At each of the air temperature discrete values, determine the calibrated speed of the air compressor and the calibrated opening of the back pressure valve in the air supply system corresponding to each of the working current discrete values; including: determining the theoretical air flow demand value of the fuel cell stack and the target speed of the air compressor in the air supply system corresponding to each of the working current discrete values ​​at each of the air temperature discrete values; based on the theoretical air flow demand value and the target speed, determine the calibrated speed of the air compressor and the calibrated opening of the back pressure valve in the air supply system corresponding to each of the working current discrete values ​​at each of the air temperature discrete values.

2. The off-line calibration method for the fuel cell air supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: At each discrete value of the air temperature, determining a theoretical air flow requirement value of the stack corresponding to each discrete value of the operating current includes: At each discrete value of the air temperature, according to Calculate the theoretical air flow requirement of the stack corresponding to each discrete value of the operating current; in, represents the theoretical air flow requirement of the stack corresponding to the discrete value of the i-th operating current, i = 1, 2, ..., m, λ ca Indicates excess air coefficient, N fc Indicates the number of cells in the stack, I i represents the discrete value of the i-th working current, represents the molar mass of oxygen, F represents the Faraday constant, Indicates the percentage of oxygen in the air.

3. The off-line calibration method for the fuel cell air supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Determining a target speed of an air compressor in the air supply system corresponding to each discrete value of the operating current at each discrete value of the air temperature includes: At each discrete value of the air temperature, obtaining a plurality of theoretical rotational speeds of the air compressor in the air supply system corresponding to each discrete value of the working current based on a characteristic curve of the air compressor; The rotation speed of the air compressor that meets the preset conditions among the plurality of theoretical rotation speeds is recorded as the target rotation speed of the air compressor in the air supply system corresponding to the discrete value of the working current.

4. The off-line calibration method for an air supply system for a fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The determining, based on the theoretical air flow demand value and the target speed, of a calibrated speed of the air compressor and a calibrated opening of a back-pressure valve in the air supply system corresponding to each discrete value of the operating current at each discrete value of the air temperature includes: At discrete values ​​of air temperature T j The discrete value of the working current I i At the corresponding target speed, adjust the opening of the back-pressure valve until the pressure value collected by the pressure sensor connected to the back-pressure valve equals the target pressure value, and record the opening corresponding to the current pressure value as the target opening; where j = 1, 2, ..., n; the target pressure value is determined based on the cathode pressure of the fuel cell stack; measuring a first actual air flow demand value of the fuel cell stack at the target speed and the target opening; determining whether the first actual air flow demand value is equal to the theoretical air flow demand value; When the first actual air flow demand value is equal to the theoretical air flow demand value, the target speed and the target opening are recorded as the air temperature discrete value T j The discrete value of the working current I i The corresponding calibrated speed of the air compressor and the calibrated opening of the back pressure valve in the air supply system.

5. The off-line calibration method for the fuel cell air supply system according to claim 4, characterized in that: After determining whether the first actual air flow demand value is equal to the theoretical air flow demand value, the method further includes: When the first actual air flow demand value is not equal to the theoretical air flow demand value, adjusting the target speed of the air compressor, and recording the adjusted speed of the air compressor as a first speed; At the first speed, adjusting the target opening of the back pressure valve until the pressure value collected by the pressure sensor connected to the back pressure valve equals the target pressure value again, and recording the opening corresponding to the current pressure value as the first opening; Using the first speed as a new target speed and the first opening as a new target opening, re-performing the step of "measuring a first actual air flow demand value of the fuel cell stack at the target speed and the target opening" and subsequent steps; Until the first actual air flow demand value remeasured is equal to the theoretical air flow demand value, the target speed and target opening corresponding to the first actual air flow demand value remeasured are recorded as the air temperature discrete value T j The discrete value of the working current I i The corresponding calibrated speed of the air compressor and the calibrated opening of the back pressure valve in the air supply system.

6. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein: When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 are implemented.

7. An off-line calibration system for an air supply system for a fuel cell, characterized in that: The electronic device according to claim 6 further comprises: an air temperature regulating device, a flow meter, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, and an air filter, an air compressor, an intercooler, and a back pressure valve in an air supply system; The input end of the air temperature regulating device serves as the input end of the off-line calibration system of the fuel cell air supply system, and the output end of the air temperature regulating device is connected to the input end of the air filter; The flow meter is arranged at one end close to the output end of the air temperature regulating device; The temperature sensor is arranged at one end close to the input end of the air filter; The output end of the air filter is connected to the input end of the air compressor; The output end of the air compressor is connected to the input end of the intercooler; The input end of the intercooler is connected to the first end of the back pressure valve; The second end of the back pressure valve serves as the output end of the off-line calibration system of the fuel cell air supply system; The pressure sensor is arranged at one end close to the first end of the back pressure valve; The air temperature regulating device, the flow meter, the temperature sensor, the pressure sensor, the air compressor and the back pressure valve are all electrically connected to the electronic device; The electronic device is also used to control the air temperature regulating device to output air with a temperature corresponding to each discrete value of the air temperature, and to obtain the temperature of the air output by the air temperature regulating device collected by the temperature sensor, as well as to control the pressure sensor to collect the pressure value, and to control the flow meter to measure the first actual air flow demand value of the fuel cell stack.

8. The off-line calibration system for the fuel cell air supply system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The air temperature regulating device comprises: an air preheater, a refrigerator and a three-way valve; The input end of the air preheater serves as the input end of the air temperature regulating device, and the output end of the air preheater is connected to the first end of the three-way valve; The second end of the three-way valve is connected to the input end of the refrigerator, and the third end of the three-way valve is connected to the output end of the refrigerator to serve as the output end of the air temperature regulating device; Alternatively, the input end of the refrigerator serves as the input end of the air temperature regulating device, and the output end of the refrigerator is connected to the first end of the three-way valve; The second end of the three-way valve is connected to the input end of the air preheater, and the third end of the three-way valve is connected to the output end of the air preheater to serve as the output end of the air temperature regulating device.

9. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 are implemented.

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