Construction method of diversion tunnel inlet slope

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of slope construction, and discloses a diversion tunnel inlet slope construction method, comprising the following steps: obtaining a to-be-constructed slope region image; analyzing the obtained image, extracting slope features in the image, matching the extracted slope features with preset support data in a database, and outputting a slope support scheme. The present application obtains a to-be-constructed slope region image, analyzes the obtained image, extracts slope features in the image according to set slope feature evaluation indexes, determines the region of the to-be-supported slope, the type of the to-be-supported slope, and specific parameters of the to-be-supported slope, and automatically outputs a slope support scheme according to the determined slope type and parameters; the method can quickly output a slope support scheme and obtain predicted engineering quantity and budget of the entire engineering slope support, and can greatly reduce the time required for engineering construction in the early stage of slope construction engineering budget.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of slope construction, and particularly relates to a diversion tunnel inlet slope construction method. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the construction of a flood discharge system of a certain hydropower station, the slopes within the construction engineering range need to be supported and constructed. The existing slope construction scheme is usually that technical personnel understand the slope geological conditions on site, and then formulate a corresponding slope protection construction scheme for slope protection construction according to experience. In some construction sites, such as the construction of diversion tunnel inlet slopes, due to the limitations of the construction environment such as traffic and geographical location, construction personnel often cannot enter the site for exploration before construction, and due to the complex terrain environment, different support schemes need to be used at different positions, resulting in a very large workload for early exploration, formulation of support schemes, and preparation of support engineering budgets, which seriously affects the progress of the entire engineering construction. SUMMARY

[0003] The purpose of the present application is to provide a diversion tunnel inlet slope construction method to solve the problem of large workload and low efficiency of manual on-site exploration and manual output of slope protection schemes during engineering construction.

[0004] The present application is achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0005] A diversion tunnel inlet slope construction method, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Obtaining an image of a slope region to be constructed;

[0007] Analyzing the obtained image, extracting slope features in the image, matching the extracted slope features with preset support data in a database, and outputting a slope support scheme.

[0008] In another aspect, in the step of obtaining an image of a slope region to be constructed, a UAV is used to obtain an image of the slope region to be constructed, automatically identify the vegetation coverage, bare area state, surface flatness, slope of flat areas, and slope difference between adjacent flat areas in the image, and determine the areas in the slope region to be constructed that need to be supported.

[0009] In another aspect, in the construction method of the present application, the slope of each area in the slope region to be constructed that needs to be supported is measured by a UAV, and the tilt angle of the camera on the UAV gimbal is adjusted according to the obtained slope data to make the camera vertically face the slope surface of the area to be supported.

[0010] The flight trajectory of the UAV is controlled to enable the UAV camera to traverse the entire area to be supported, and the image of the area to be supported under the condition that the camera faces the slope surface of the area to be supported is obtained again.

[0011] In another aspect, the construction method of the present application controls the unmanned aerial vehicle to collect images of the slope surface one by one along a continuous trajectory in the transverse direction or the longitudinal direction of the slope surface, and obtains images of the region to be supported.

[0012] In another aspect, the construction method of the present application defines the slope features in the image in the step of extracting the slope features in the image, including the vegetation coverage area / density of the vegetation coverage region, the area / exposed surface looseness of the exposed region, the projection area / protrusion degree / looseness state / fracture state / joint crack state of the protruding rock mass, the slope size of the flat region, and the slope difference between adjacent flat regions.

[0013] In another aspect, the construction method of the present application includes the type of support measures in the preset support data, including:

[0014] For the vegetation coverage region, the vegetation in the region with low coverage density is cleaned according to the vegetation coverage density;

[0015] For the exposed region, the surface dregs and small loose rocks are cleaned, the steel mesh is arranged, and a layer of concrete is sprayed on the surface;

[0016] For the protruding rock mass region, anchor rods are arranged for anchoring according to the size, looseness degree, and fracture state of the rock mass in the region; or loose boulders are blasted and removed;

[0017] For the combined position region with large slope / large slope difference between adjacent flat regions, anchor rods are arranged for anchoring according to the fracture state and joint crack state of the rock mass in the region, and a steel mesh is arranged, and a layer of concrete is sprayed on the surface.

[0018] In another aspect, the construction method of the present application includes the support drainage measures in the preset support data, including:

[0019] According to the area and slope of the support region, a plurality of drainage structures are arranged in the support region, and different drainage pipes are arranged according to the type of the support region, including steel flower pipes in the vegetation coverage region and PVC flower pipes in the rock exposed region.

[0020] In another aspect, the construction method of the present application includes the feature comparison data in the preset support data, including:

[0021] Comparison image data of different region types and comparison image data of different levels;

[0022] A large number of different comparison image types are identified in advance, the feature points between the comparison image and the obtained image are compared to determine the type of the support region in the obtained image;

[0023] The state or level of a large number of different contrast images is pre-classified, and the state or level of the slope region in the acquired image is determined by comparing the feature points between the contrast image and the acquired image.

[0024] In another aspect, the construction method of the present application, the step of outputting the slope support scheme comprises:

[0025] The type of the slope region to be supported is determined.

[0026] The type of the support measure corresponding to the type of the slope region to be supported is matched, including the support measures preset for the vegetation-covered region, the bare region, the protruding rock mass region, the combined position region with large slope difference between the large slope and the adjacent flat region, and the support drainage measure.

[0027] The area size, vegetation coverage density, area of the bare region, loose degree of the bare surface, projection area, protrusion degree, loosening state, broken state, joint crack state of the protruding rock mass, slope size of the flat region, and slope difference between adjacent flat regions are obtained, and the specific support parameters of the slope region to be supported are determined according to the obtained parameters.

[0028] In another aspect, the construction method of the present application, the specific support parameters of the slope region to be supported include the specification parameters of the steel mesh, the thickness of the sprayed concrete layer, the specification, arrangement position, arrangement structure, arrangement density, and embedding depth of the anchor rod, and the specification, type, arrangement position, arrangement structure, arrangement density, and embedding depth of the drainage pipe.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0030] In the present application, the unmanned aerial vehicle is used to acquire the image of the slope region to be constructed, the slope features in the image are extracted according to the set slope feature evaluation index through analysis of the acquired image, the region of the slope to be supported, the type of the slope to be supported, and the specific parameters of the slope to be supported are determined, and the slope support scheme is automatically output according to the determined slope type and parameters; the method does not require manual on-site exploration operation, is less limited by the working environment, can quickly output the slope support scheme and obtain the predicted engineering quantity and budget of the entire engineering slope support, and can greatly reduce the time required for the slope construction engineering budget in the early stage of the engineering construction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0031] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings in the embodiments will be briefly introduced as follows, and it should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present application, and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope, and other related drawings can also be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor on the premise of not paying creative labor.

[0032] Figure 1 The flow chart of the slope construction method of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are some but not all of the embodiments of the present application.

[0034] The diversion tunnel of the flood discharge system of a certain hydropower station is located in a complex environment, and the slope structure is complex, and the distribution of random stones in the slope area. Before the project construction, it is difficult to enter the site to carry out exploration work, which brings great difficulties to the formulation of the slope support scheme and affects the progress of the entire project budget.

[0035] In view of the above problems existing in the slope construction, a slope construction method for the inlet of the diversion tunnel is provided in the embodiment, which refers to Figure 1 , comprising the following steps:

[0036] S1, obtaining an image of a slope region to be constructed;

[0037] S2, analyzing the obtained image, extracting the slope features in the image, matching the extracted slope features with the preset support data in the database, and outputting a slope support scheme.

[0038] On the one hand, as a feasible implementation manner, in the step of obtaining the image of the slope region to be constructed in the embodiment, a UAV is used to obtain the image of the slope region to be constructed. By analyzing the obtained image, the vegetation coverage, the state of the bare area, the surface flatness of the region, the slope of the flat region and the slope difference between adjacent flat regions are automatically identified. According to the obtained information, the region in the slope region to be constructed which needs to be supported is preliminarily determined.

[0039] After determining the region which needs to be supported, i.e. the support region, the image acquisition operation is performed again on each determined support region, and the specific operation includes:

[0040] The slope parameters of each support region are measured by using a UAV. According to the obtained slope parameter data, when the image of each support region is obtained, the tilt angle of the camera on the gimbal of the UAV is adjusted so that the camera is perpendicular to the slope surface of the support region.

[0041] The flight trajectory of the unmanned aerial vehicle is controlled, so that the camera of the unmanned aerial vehicle can traverse the entire supporting area, and the image of the supporting area is acquired again under the condition that the camera is directed to the slope surface of the supporting area. Here, the flight trajectory of the unmanned aerial vehicle is controlled, and the image of the slope surface is acquired again by controlling the unmanned aerial vehicle to move along the slope surface in a horizontal square or a vertical direction, along a set continuous trajectory (flight speed, interval, etc.), and the high-definition image of the supporting area is acquired again for subsequent image analysis.

[0042] Of course, after the image is acquired, the image is processed before the image is analyzed. The image can be processed by using existing processing techniques to facilitate the extraction of image features in the image analysis process.

[0043] On the other hand, in the step of extracting the slope features in the image, the slope features in the image are defined, including: the vegetation coverage area and density of the vegetation coverage area, the area of the exposed area, the loose degree of the exposed surface, the projection area, the protruding degree, the loose state, the broken state, the joint crack state of the protruding rock mass, the slope size of the flat area, and the slope difference between adjacent flat areas. In the image analysis process, the above feature parameters are extracted, the feature parameters required for identifying the above features are set, and the extraction of the key features in the image is realized by extracting the above feature parameters.

[0044] On the other hand, after the features in the image are identified and extracted in step S2, they are matched with the preset supporting data in the database; here, the preset supporting data includes the supporting measure type, the supporting drainage measure, and the feature comparison data for feature comparison.

[0045] The supporting measure type is set according to the slope construction experience combined with the conventional supporting construction method currently used in the slope supporting construction, including:

[0046] For the vegetation in the area with low coverage density, the vegetation in the area is cleaned according to the vegetation coverage density and other conditions;

[0047] For the exposed area, the surface dregs and small loose rocks in the exposed area are cleaned, and the supporting measures of setting a steel mesh and spraying a layer of concrete on the surface are taken;

[0048] For the protruding rock mass area, according to the size, loose degree, and broken state of the rock mass in the area, the supporting measures of arranging anchor rods are taken;

[0049] For the combined position area with large slope / adjacent flat areas with large slope difference, according to the broken state and joint crack state of the rock mass in the area, the supporting measures of arranging anchor rods and setting a steel mesh and spraying a layer of concrete on the surface are taken.

[0050] The supporting waterproof measures include:

[0051] According to the area and slope size of the supporting region, a plurality of drainage structures are arranged in the supporting region, and different drainage pipes are arranged in different supporting regions according to different types of the supporting region, including a steel flower pipe arranged in the vegetation coverage region for drainage and a PVC flower pipe arranged in the rock exposed region for drainage.

[0052] The feature comparison data includes comparison image data of different region types and comparison image data of different levels.

[0053] The comparison image data of different region types is used for training and comparison of images to determine the type of the supporting region in the image. Specifically, a large number of different comparison image types are identified in advance, and the feature points between the comparison image and the obtained image are compared to determine the type of the supporting region in the obtained image, such as a vegetation coverage region, a protruding rock body region, a combined position region with a large slope difference between a large slope and an adjacent flat region, and the like.

[0054] On the other hand, the step of outputting the side slope supporting scheme in step S2 of the embodiment includes:

[0055] According to the extracted image features, the extracted features are compared with comparison image data of different region types and parameter determination values to determine the type of the supporting side slope region, such as a vegetation coverage region, a protruding rock body region, a combined position region with a large slope difference between a large slope and an adjacent flat region, and the like.

[0056] According to the type of the supporting side slope region, a corresponding supporting measure type is matched, including a supporting measure and a supporting drainage measure preset for a vegetation coverage region, an exposed region, a protruding rock body region, and a combined position region with a large slope difference between a large slope and an adjacent flat region.

[0057] The area size, vegetation coverage density, area of the exposed region or looseness of the exposed surface, projection area or protrusion degree or looseness state or fragmentation state or joint crack state of the protruding rock body, slope size of the flat region, and slope difference between adjacent flat regions of different supporting side slope regions are obtained, and specific supporting parameters of the supporting side slope region are determined according to the obtained parameters. In this step, the specific supporting parameters of the supporting side slope region include specification parameters of the arranged steel mesh, thickness of the sprayed concrete layer, specification or arrangement position or arrangement structure or arrangement density or embedding depth of the anchor rod, specification or type or arrangement position or arrangement structure or arrangement density or embedding depth of the drainage pipe, and the like.

[0058] The method can realize automatic output of the supporting construction scheme of the whole slope engineering, and can automatically output the budget engineering quantity and engineering budget of the whole slope supporting of the engineering according to the output slope supporting scheme, so as to reduce the workload in the early stage of slope construction.

[0059] The construction method of the application will be described below in combination with the types of supporting slope regions in several typical slope protection construction structures.

[0060] Embodiment 1

[0061] Taking the slope supporting of the exposed region of the diversion tunnel inlet slope as an example, the features of the obtained diversion tunnel slope supporting region are extracted, and it is identified that the supporting region includes a vegetation covered region, an exposed region and a protruding rock mass region, and further, the specific feature parameters of the respective regions in different regions are extracted, such as the vegetation coverage density of the vegetation covered region, the loose degree of the exposed surface of the exposed region, the protruding degree, the loose state and the broken state of the protruding rock mass region.

[0062] In combination with the above feature parameters, the slope supporting measures are automatically matched in the database, and the slope supporting construction scheme is output, including:

[0063] 1) For the exposed region, the surface covering layer is cleaned, and small loose rocks therein are removed, and the construction engineering quantity is about 25 m 3 ; φ6.5@15×15 cm steel mesh is hung in the exposed region, with an area of about 1700 m 2 ; a C25 concrete layer with a thickness of 10 cm is sprayed on the surface, and the predicted construction engineering quantity is 170 m 3 ;

[0064] 2) For the protruding rock mass region, a φ25, 6m long anchor rod is used for anchoring, and an anchor rod point arrangement drawing is output, with about 200 anchor rod arrangement points and about 200 anchor rods required;

[0065] 3) Supporting drainage scheme; φ50 mm drainage holes are set, with a hole depth of 4 m, a drainage hole setting angle of 5°, and a φ40 steel flower pipe installed in the drainage hole; the construction quantity of the drainage holes in this region is predicted to be 540 m, and the required steel flower pipe is predicted to be 540 m.

[0066] According to the generated slope supporting construction scheme, the slope construction engineering budget at the position can be automatically formed.

[0067] Embodiment 2

[0068] Taking the slope supporting of the protruding rock mass region of the diversion tunnel inlet slope as an example, the above method is used to output the slope supporting construction scheme, which mainly involves the construction scheme for supporting the protruding rock mass region, including:

[0069] For the prominent rock mass region, φ25, length of 6m anchor rod is used for anchoring, and anchor rod positioning layout is output, anchor rod arrangement point is about 80, and anchor rod required is about 80.

[0070] According to the generated slope support construction scheme, the slope construction engineering budget at the position can be automatically formed.

[0071] Embodiment 3

[0072] Taking the slope support of the combined position region of the large slope of the diversion tunnel inlet and the large slope difference between the adjacent flat regions as an example, the slope region can be divided into two flat regions according to the slope size of the slope surface, the slope difference between the two adjacent flat regions is large, and the combined position between the two is a key support region. According to the characteristic parameters at the position, the slope support construction scheme is output, including:

[0073] φ25, length of 6m anchor rod is used for anchoring, and anchor rod positioning layout is output, anchor rod arrangement point is about 160, and anchor rod required is about 160;

[0074] Meanwhile, for the region of broken rock mass, joint crack development and strong weathering unloading, φ6.5@15*15cm steel mesh is hung, the area is about 800m 2 ; 10cm thick C25 concrete is sprayed on the surface to form a concrete layer, and the construction engineering quantity is expected to be 80m 3 ;

[0075] Support drainage scheme; φ50mm drainage hole is set, hole depth is 4m, drainage hole is set at an angle of 5°, φ40 drainage flower pipe is installed in the drainage hole, steel flower pipe is used in the covered area, PVC flower pipe is used in the rock area, the drainage hole construction quantity in the region is expected to be 540m, and the required drainage flower pipe is expected to be 540m.

[0076] According to the generated slope support construction scheme, the slope construction engineering budget at the position can be automatically formed.

[0077] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship of the product in use. It is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the indicated device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0078] In addition, the terms "horizontal", "vertical", and the like in the description of the application do not mean that the components must be absolutely horizontal or vertical, but can be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" only means that it is more horizontal than "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly inclined.

[0079] In the description of the application, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise specified and limited, if the terms "set", "install", "connect", "connect" appear, they should be understood broadly, for example, can be fixedly connected, can also be detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically connected, can also be electrically connected; can be directly connected, can also be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; can be the communication between the two elements inside. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0080] The above is only the preferred embodiment of the application, not any form of limitation on the application, any simple modification, equivalent change of the above embodiment according to the technical essence of the application, falls within the protection scope of the application.

Claims

1. A diversion tunnel inlet slope construction method, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: acquiring an image of a to-be-constructed slope region; analyzing the acquired image, extracting slope features in the image, matching the extracted slope features with preset support data in a database, and outputting a slope support scheme The preset support data includes support measure types, which include: For a vegetation-covered region, vegetation in a region with low coverage density is cleaned according to the vegetation coverage density; For a bare region, surface dross and small loose rocks are cleaned, a steel mesh is arranged, and a layer of concrete is sprayed on the surface; For a protruding rock mass region, anchor rods are arranged for anchoring according to the size, loosening degree, broken state, and joint crack state of the rock mass in the region; or loose boulders are removed by blasting; For a combined position region between a large-slope region and an adjacent flat region with a large slope difference, anchor rods are arranged for anchoring according to the broken state and joint crack state of the rock mass in the region, a steel mesh is arranged, and a layer of concrete is sprayed on the surface; The preset support data includes support drainage measures, which include: According to the area and slope of the support region, a plurality of drainage structures are arranged in the support region, and different drainage pipes are arranged according to the type of the support region, including steel flower pipes in vegetation-covered regions and PVC flower pipes in rock bare regions; The preset support data includes feature comparison data, which includes: Comparison image data of different region types and comparison image data of different levels; A large number of different comparison image types are identified in advance, the feature points between the comparison image and the acquired image are compared, and the type of the support region in the acquired image is determined; A large number of different comparison image states or levels are classified in advance, the feature points between the comparison image and the acquired image are compared, and the state or level of the slope region in the acquired image is determined; The steps of outputting the slope support scheme include: determining the type of the to-be-supported slope region; matching the corresponding support measure type according to the type of the supported slope region, including the preset support measures for vegetation-covered regions, bare regions, protruding rock mass regions, and combined position regions between large-slope regions and adjacent flat regions with a large slope difference, and support drainage measures; acquiring the area size, vegetation coverage density, area of the bare region / degree of loose surface, projection area of the protruding rock mass / degree of protrusion / loosening state / broken state / joint crack state, slope size of the flat region, and slope difference between adjacent flat regions, and determining the specific support parameters of the supported slope region according to the acquired parameters; The specific support parameters of the supported slope region include the specification parameters of the steel mesh, the thickness of the sprayed concrete layer, the specification / placement position / placement structure / placement density / buried depth of the anchor rod, and the specification / type / placement position / placement structure / placement density / buried depth of the drainage pipe.

2. The diversion tunnel inlet slope construction method according to claim 1, characterized by, In the step of acquiring the image of the to-be-constructed slope region, a drone is used to acquire the image of the to-be-constructed slope region, automatically identify the vegetation coverage, the state of the bare region, the surface flatness, the slope of the flat region, and the slope difference between adjacent flat regions in the image, and determine the regions that need to be supported in the to-be-constructed slope region.

3. The diversion tunnel inlet slope construction method according to claim 2, characterized by, The slope of each supporting area in the to-be-constructed slope region is measured by using the unmanned aerial vehicle, and the tilt angle of the camera on the unmanned aerial vehicle holder is adjusted according to the obtained slope data, so that the camera is perpendicular to the slope surface of the to-be-supported area. The flight trajectory of the unmanned aerial vehicle is controlled, so that the camera of the unmanned aerial vehicle can traverse the entire to-be-supported area, and the image of the to-be-supported area in the state that the camera is perpendicular to the slope surface of the to-be-supported area is obtained again.

4. The diversion tunnel inlet slope construction method according to claim 3, characterized by: The unmanned aerial vehicle is controlled to perform image acquisition of the slope surface along a continuous trajectory one by one in the transverse direction or the longitudinal direction of the slope surface, and the image of the to-be-supported area is obtained.

5. The method of claim 1, 2, 3, or 4, wherein, In the step of extracting the slope features in the image, the slope features in the image include the vegetation coverage area / density of the vegetation coverage area, the area of the bare area / degree of looseness of the bare surface, the projection area / degree of protrusion / looseness / degree of fragmentation / joint crack state of the protruding rock mass, the slope size of the flat area, and the slope difference between adjacent flat areas.

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