The invention discloses a distributed 
optical fiber vibration 
signal feature extraction and identification method, which belongs to the field of 
optical fiber sensing 
signal processing, and comprisesthe following steps of: firstly, acquiring a space-time matrix 
signal of a 
vibration source, extracting a space column signal, dividing a short-
time signal unit, and constructing an optical cable vibration 
event data set; constructing, training and optimizing an improved mCNN model, and performing 
feature evaluation on features extracted by the model during optimization until model iteration is optimal; secondly, extracting 
time structure feature vectors under multiple scales in parallel by utilizing an optimal mCNN model, recombining the 
time structure feature vectors into a short-time feature sequence according to a 
time sequence, and constructing a 
time structure feature sequence set; finally, constructing and training an HMM model, and constructing an offline vibration event HMM modellibrary to serve as a classifier for 
vibration source recognition. The problems that in the prior art, 
local structure features and 
time sequence features of distributed 
optical fiber vibration signals cannot be extracted at the same time, and the 
vibration source recognition accuracy and the generalization ability of the model are low are solved.