Surgical instrument

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of surgical instruments, including terminal tool: by opening, closed surgical operation is carried out to surgical site, it can be bent at least more than two directions movement;Operating part: it has operating handle, operating handle is connected with the main guide wire of the terminal tool for operating terminal tool opening and closing;Driving part: for driving terminal tool to complete the prescribed bending movement, including first wire group, second wire group, the front end of first wire group, second wire group is fixed with angle converter, angle converter is connected with terminal tool, the first wire group makes front and back differential motion through angle converter and drives terminal tool to make up and down bending movement, the second wire group makes front and back differential motion through angle converter and drives terminal tool to make left and right bending movement.The present application is simple in structure, convenient to operate, it is convenient for surgeon to quickly realize the bending movement of terminal tool and approach surgical site, improve surgical efficiency.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of medical instruments, in particular to a surgical instrument applied to laparoscopy or other surgeries in human body cavities. BACKGROUND

[0002] Surgery is performed by using a medical instrument to cut the skin of a patient's surgical site, form a prescribed surgical opening on the patient's skin, and insert a medical instrument such as a laparoscope, a surgical instrument, or a microscope for microsurgery into the patient's body through the opening to perform operations such as resection and suturing on a lesion.

[0003] A surgical instrument is a tool used by a doctor to directly operate a terminal tool provided at one end of an instrument shaft using a prescribed driving portion or a mechanical arm, to perform surgery on a surgical site. The shaft is inserted through an opening in the skin, and the terminal tool performs prescribed rotational, clamping, and cutting actions.

[0004] Conventional surgical instruments cannot produce bending movements of the terminal tool, and are inconvenient to operate when approaching a surgical site and performing various surgical actions. Therefore, surgical instruments have been developed that can produce bending movements of the terminal tool.

[0005] However, the operation portion for achieving bending movements of the terminal tool or performing surgical actions is overly complex in structure, and numerous components make it difficult for an operator to master the use of the instrument. SUMMARY

[0006] The present application aims to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art by providing a surgical instrument that is simple in structure, easy to operate, and easy for an operator to master.

[0007] The present application solves the technical problem by employing the following technical solution: a surgical instrument includes a terminal tool that can be bent in two or more directions to perform surgical operations on a surgical site.

[0008] An operation portion has an operation handle, and a main wire that controls the opening and closing of the terminal tool is connected between the operation handle and the terminal tool.

[0009] A driving portion is used to drive the terminal tool to complete prescribed bending movements, and includes a first wire group and a second wire group. The front ends of the first wire group and the second wire group are fixedly connected to an angle converter, and the angle converter is connected to the terminal tool. The first wire group is differentially moved forward and backward to drive the terminal tool to bend upward and downward through the angle converter, and the second wire group is differentially moved forward and backward to drive the terminal tool to bend left and right through the angle converter.

[0010] Specifically, the terminal tool comprises a first needle holder, a second needle holder and a driving rod connected in a scissors shape, the rear end of the driving rod is connected with the front end of the main guide wire, and the front end of the driving rod is hingedly connected with the rear end of the first needle holder and the second needle holder.

[0011] Further, a self-locking mechanism is arranged in the shell of the operating handle, which locks the main guide wire when the first needle holder and the second needle holder are closed and releases the main guide wire when the first needle holder and the second needle holder are opened; the self-locking mechanism comprises a locking block and a locking plate above the locking block, the side surface of the locking block is provided with main ratchet teeth, and the side surface of the locking plate is provided with secondary ratchet teeth; when the locking block moves relative to the locking plate, the main ratchet teeth are engaged into the secondary ratchet teeth to lock the main guide wire.

[0012] Further, the operating handle is provided with an unlocking plate, one end of the unlocking plate is hingedly connected with the locking plate, the other end of the locking plate is hingedly connected with the shell of the operating handle, the upper end of the unlocking plate is connected with a pushing block capable of unlocking the engagement between the main ratchet teeth and the secondary ratchet teeth, and the middle part of the unlocking plate is provided with a compression spring for pushing the locking plate to reset after unlocking.

[0013] The shell of the operating handle is provided with a guide wheel for guiding the main guide wire.

[0014] Specifically, the first guide wire group comprises two first guide wires distributed above and below, and the second guide wire group comprises two second guide wires distributed left and right; the driving part comprises a base fixedly connected with the front end of the operating handle, the base is slidably provided with a first sliding block fixedly connected with the first guide wire and a second sliding block fixedly connected with the second guide wire; the first sliding block is driven to make front-rear differential motion through the first guide wire to drive the terminal tool to make up-down bending motion, and the second sliding block is driven to make front-rear differential motion through the second guide wire to drive the terminal tool to make left-right bending motion.

[0015] Further, the driving part comprises differential mechanisms respectively arranged on the front and rear side surfaces of the base, the differential mechanisms are provided with a fixed gear fixed to the side surface of the base and a driving disc rotationally matched with the side surface of the base; the driving disc is swung relative to the fixed gear to correspondingly push the first sliding block and the second sliding block to make front-rear differential motion.

[0016] Preferably, the first sliding block and the second sliding block are both provided with vertical sliding grooves, the inner side surface of the driving disc is provided with a convex ring matched with the base in a gap, and the convex ring is provided with two center-symmetric clamping columns, the clamping columns are respectively clamped and matched with the vertical sliding grooves on the first sliding block and the second sliding block.

[0017] Further, the driving disc is provided with an inner recessed cavity, the fixed gear is located in the inner recessed cavity, a cross-shaped pushing rod is arranged in the inner recessed cavity to push the driving disc to rotate, a clamping block is rotationally arranged on the side wall of the inner recessed cavity, and the inner side of the clamping block is provided with clamping teeth engaged with the fixed gear when the driving disc rotates.

[0018] Further, the long rod of the cross lever is fixedly connected with the driving disc at the bottom end, and the upper end of the long rod extends out of the driving disc, and the side of the short rod of the cross lever abuts against the inner side of the clamping block when the driving disc is stationary.

[0019] The present application has the advantages that BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] The present application will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and examples.

[0021] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the present application.

[0022] Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the terminal tool of the present application.

[0023] Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the operating part of the present application.

[0024] Figure 4 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the driving part of the present application.

[0025] Figure 5 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the driving part of the present application after removing the cover plate.

[0026] Figure 6 is a front view structural schematic diagram of the driving part of the present application after removing the cover plate.

[0027] Figure 7 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the driving part of the present application after removing the differential mechanism on the front side of the base.

[0028] Figure 8 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the driving disc of the present application.

[0029] In the drawings: 1. terminal tool, 1-1. first needle holder, 1-2. second needle holder;

[0030] 2. operating part, 2-1. housing, 2-2. cover, 2-3. wrench, 2-4. guide plate, 2-5. locking block, 2-6. arc-shaped slide, 2-7. guide wheel, 2-8. locking plate, 2-9. unlocking plate, 2-10. pushing block, 2-11. main ratchet, 2-12. secondary ratchet, 2-13. compression spring;

[0031] 3. Drive unit, 3-1. Base, 3-2. First wire, 3-3. Second wire, 3-4. First slider, 3-5. Second slider, 3-6. Vertical groove, 3-7. Square column shaft, 3-8. Differential mechanism, 3-8-1. Drive disc, 3-8-2. Cover plate, 3-8-3. Protruding ring, 3-8-4. Locking post, 3-8-5. Fixed gear, 3-8-6. Cross lever, 3-8-7. Locking block, 3-8-8. Locking tooth, 3-8-9. Spring;

[0032] 4. Hollow sleeve, 5. Drive rod, 6. Arc plate, 7. Sheath tube, 8. Angle converter, 9. Main guide line, 10. Tapered sheath Detailed Implementation

[0033] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These drawings are simplified schematic diagrams, illustrating only the basic structure of the invention, and therefore only show the components relevant to the invention.

[0034] like Figure 1 The surgical instrument shown includes a terminal tool 1, an operating part 2, a driving part 3, and a connecting part. The connecting part is a hollow sleeve 4, which can accommodate the wires described later. The front end of the hollow sleeve 4 is connected to the terminal tool 1, and the rear end is connected to the driving part 3.

[0035] like Figure 2 As shown, terminal tool 1 includes a first needle holder 1-1 and a second needle holder 1-2. The first needle holder 1-1 and the second needle holder 1-2 are hinged by a pin at the rear end of their jaws to form a scissor-like structure. Under the control of the operating part 2, the first needle holder 1-1 and the second needle holder 1-2 can open and close to perform surgical operations on the surgical site. Under the control of the driving part 3, the first needle holder 1-1 and the second needle holder 1-2 can bend up and down and bend left and right to facilitate access to the surgical site.

[0036] A drive rod 5 is located at the rear end of the first needle holder 1-1 and the second needle holder 1-2. The drive rod 5 includes a U-shaped connecting frame and a straight rod. The rear ends of the first needle holder 1-1 and the second needle holder 1-2, after being hinged, are located within the opening of the U-shaped connecting frame. A pair of arc-shaped plates 6 are stacked vertically within the opening of the U-shaped connecting frame. The rear ends of the two arc-shaped plates 6 are hinged to the U-shaped connecting frame, the front end of one arc-shaped plate 6 is hinged to the first needle holder 1-1, and the front end of the other arc-shaped plate 6 is hinged to the second needle holder 1-2. A sheath tube 7 is provided around the drive rod 5. The front end of the sheath tube 7 shares a pin with the hinge point of the first needle holder 1-1 and the second needle holder 1-2 to achieve hinge. An angle converter 8 is fixedly connected to the rear end of the sheath tube 7.

[0037] like Figure 3As shown, the operation part 2 includes an operation handle composed of a shell 2-1 and a cover 2-2, the upper end of the shell 2-1 is hingedly connected with a wrench 2-3, the lower end of the wrench 2-3 is provided with an integrated guide plate 2-4, the inner end of the guide plate 2-4 located in the shell 2-1 is fixedly connected with a locking block 2-5, the lower end of the shell 2-1 is provided with an arc-shaped slide 2-6, the guide plate 2-4 and the locking block 2-5 are in sliding fit with the arc-shaped slide 2-6.

[0038] A main guide line 9 is arranged in the shell 2-1, the main guide line 9 is preferably a steel wire, the front end of the main guide line 9 is fixedly connected with a straight rod part of a driving rod 5 after passing through a hollow sleeve 4 of a connecting part and an angle converter 8, guide wheels 2-7 for guiding the main guide line 9 are arranged in the shell 2-1, two guide wheels 2-7 are arranged at the upper end of the shell 2-1, one guide wheel 2-7 is arranged at the lower end of the shell 2-1 near the guide plate 2-4, the main guide line 9 is wound around the above-mentioned three guide wheels 2-7, and the tail end of the main guide line 9 is fixedly connected with the inner end of the guide plate 2-4.

[0039] A locking plate 2-8 is arranged above the locking block 2-5 in the shell 2-1, an unlocking plate 2-9 is arranged above the locking plate 2-8, the right end of the locking plate 2-8 is hingedly connected with the shell 2-1 to form the rotation center of the locking plate 2-8, the left end of the locking plate 2-8 is movably connected with the lower end of the unlocking plate 2-9, a pushing block 2-10 is connected with the upper end of the unlocking plate 2-9, the pushing block 2-10 includes an integrated pushing part and a sliding part, a rectangular hole is arranged on the cover 2-2, the pushing part protrudes out of the cover 2-2 through the rectangular hole, the shell 2-1 is provided with a rectangular groove, the sliding part of the pushing block 2-10 is located in the rectangular groove and the side surface of the sliding part is fixedly connected with the unlocking plate 2-9.

[0040] The left end side of the side surface of the locking block 2-5 facing the locking plate 2-8 is provided with a main ratchet 2-11, a plurality of secondary ratchets 2-12 are arranged on the side surface of the locking plate 2-8 corresponding to the locking block 2-5. When the wrench 2-4 is pressed into the shell 2-1 of the operation handle, the locking block 2-5 moves relative to the locking plate 2-8 so that the main ratchet 2-11 is engaged and locked into the secondary ratchet 2-12 to lock the main guide line 9.

[0041] A compression spring 2-13 is arranged in the middle of the unlocking plate 2-9, the lower end of the compression spring 2-13 is connected with the protrusion in the middle of the unlocking plate 2-9, the upper end of the compression spring 2-13 is connected with the shell 2-1, when the pushing part of the pushing block 2-10 is pulled upward, the compression spring 2-13 is compressed, when the pushing block 2-10 is released, the compression spring 2-13 pushes the locking plate 2-8 back to the original position through the unlocking plate 2-9.

[0042] As shown in the above-mentioned embodiment, the operation part 2 is provided with the locking plate 2-8 and the unlocking plate 2-9, the pushing block 2-10 is connected with the unlocking plate 2-9, the main ratchet 2-11 and the secondary ratchet 2-12 are arranged on the locking block 2-5 and the locking plate 2-8 respectively, the main guide line 9 is locked by the main ratchet 2-11 and the secondary ratchet 2-12. Figures 4-8As shown, the driving part 3 comprises a base 3-1 fixed with the front end of the shell 2-1 of the operating handle by screw, a first wire group composed of two first wires 3-2 distributed vertically, a second wire group composed of two second wires 3-3 distributed horizontally, the front ends of the two first wires 3-2 and the front ends of the two second wires 3-3 are connected with the angle converter 8; wherein the two first wires 3-2 make differential motion to transmit the prescribed up-down bending motion to the angle converter 8, the two second wires 3-3 make differential motion to transmit the prescribed left-right bending motion to the angle converter 8; the front end of the base 3-1 is connected with the rear end of the hollow sleeve 4 through a conical sheath 10.

[0043] The base 3-1 has four matrix-arranged cavities inside, the first sliding block 3-4 is slidably arranged in each of the two cavities on the front side of the base 3-1, the second sliding block 3-5 is slidably arranged in each of the two cavities on the rear side of the base 3-1, and the vertical sliding groove 3-6 is formed on each of the first sliding block 3-4 and the second sliding block 3-5. The rear ends of the two first wires 3-2 are fixed with the two first sliding blocks 3-4 correspondingly, and the rear ends of the two second wires 3-3 are fixed with the two second sliding blocks 3-5 correspondingly.

[0044] The base 3-1 has an inner concave annular cavity on each of the front and rear sides, and the base 3-1 between the two cavities has a square column shaft 3-7 protruding from the front and rear sides of the base.

[0045] The differential mechanism 3-8 is mounted on each of the front and rear sides of the base 3-1, the differential mechanism 3-8 comprises a driving disc 3-8-1 and a cover plate 3-8-2 fixed on the side surface of the driving disc 3-8-1, the outer side surface of the driving disc 3-8-1 has an inner concave cavity, the inner side surface of the driving disc 3-8-1 has a convex ring 3-8-3 matched with the inner concave annular cavity of the base 3-1, the convex ring 3-8-3 is provided with two center-symmetric clamping columns 3-8-4, and the clamping columns 3-8-4 are respectively clamped and matched with the vertical sliding grooves 3-6 on the first sliding block 3-4 and the second sliding block 3-5. The square column shaft 3-7 of the base 3-1 is fixed with a fixed gear 3-8-5 located in the inner concave cavity.

[0046] The inner recess cavity of the driving disc 3-8-1 is provided with a cross-shaped lever 3-8-6 for driving the rotation of the driving disc 3-8-1, the bottom end of the long lever of the cross-shaped lever 3-8-6 is fixedly connected with the driving disc 3-8-1, and the upper end of the long lever of the cross-shaped lever 3-8-6 extends out of the driving disc 3-8-1 through a rectangular gap provided at the upper end of the inner recess cavity. Two groups of arc-shaped cavities and cylindrical cavities which are symmetrically arranged with respect to the center of the gear 3-8-5 are provided on the side wall of the inner recess cavity of the driving disc 3-8-1, the opening end of the cylindrical cavity is communicated with the opening of the arc-shaped cavity, a clamping block 3-8-7 is rotatably arranged in the arc-shaped cavity through a pin shaft, the inner side of the clamping block 3-8-7 is provided with a clamping tooth 3-8-8 which is engaged with the gear 3-8-5 when the driving disc 3-8-1 rotates, and a spring 3-8-9 is arranged in the cylindrical cavity and abuts against the outer side of the clamping block 3-8-8. When the driving disc 3-8-1 is static, the short lever of the cross-shaped lever 3-8-6 abuts against the inner side of the clamping block 3-8-7, and the spring 3-8-9 is compressed. When the cross-shaped lever 3-8-6 drives the driving disc 3-8-1 to rotate, the short lever of the cross-shaped lever 3-8-6 removes the abutment against the clamping block 3-8-7, the clamping block 3-8-7 is driven to move out by the force of the spring 3-8-9, the clamping tooth 3-8-8 is engaged with the gear 3-8-5, and the driving disc 3-8-1 rotates relative to the gear 3-8-5.

[0047] During the operation, the doctor holds the operation handle and presses the wrench 2-3, so that the guide plate 2-4 and the locking block 2-5 move along the arc-shaped slide 2-6 into the shell 2-1, the guide plate 2-4 pulls the main guide wire 9 to be tightened, the main guide wire 9 drives the first needle holder 1-1 and the second needle holder 1-2 to be closed through the driving rod 5, and the human body tissue is clamped or cut; according to the required clamping force or cutting force, the main ratchet 2-11 is engaged with the corresponding secondary ratchet 2-12, the movement of the main guide wire 9 is further locked, and the existing clamping or cutting state of the first needle holder 1-1 and the second needle holder 1-2 is maintained.

[0048] When the main guide wire 9 needs to be unlocked, the driving part of the pulling block 2-10 is pulled upward, the unlocking plate 2-9 is driven to move upward, the unlocking plate 2-9 pulls the locking plate 2-8 to rotate counterclockwise around the rotation center, so that the secondary ratchet 2-12 on the locking plate 2-8 is disengaged from the main ratchet 2-11 on the locking block 2-5. At this time, the wrench 2-3 is released, the guide plate 2-4 is pushed out when it is pushed out, the main guide wire 9 is moved to the terminal tool 1, the first needle holder 1-1 and the second needle holder 1-2 are opened, and then the pulling block 2-10 is released. The compression spring 2-13 drives the locking plate 2-8 to reset.

[0049] When the terminal tool 1 needs to be bent in the up-down direction, the surgeon pulls the cross lever 3-8-6 on the driving part 3 of the front side of the base 3-1, so that the short lever part of the cross lever 3-8-6 is separated from the pressing action on the clamping block 3-8-7, the spring 3-8-9 pushes the clamping block 3-8-7 out to make the clamping teeth 3-8-8 engage with the gear 3-8-5, when the long lever part of the cross lever 3-8-6 is abutted on the side of the rectangular notch, the driving disc 3-8-1 is pushed to swing forward and backward around the gear 3-8-5, through the action between the two clamping columns 3-8-4 on the convex ring 3-8-3 and the vertical sliding groove 3-6, the two first sliding blocks 3-4 are in differential motion in the up-down two cavities of the front side of the base 3-1, one first sliding block 3-4 moves forward and the other first sliding block 3-4 moves backward, so as to drive the two first guide wires 3-2 to pull the angle converter 8 to make up-down bending motion, and then drive the first needle holder 1-1 and the second needle holder 1-2 to complete the up-down bending action.

[0050] When the terminal tool 1 needs to be bent in the left-right direction, the surgeon pulls the cross lever 3-8-6 on the driving part 3 of the rear side of the base 3-1, similarly, the short lever part of the cross lever 3-8-6 is separated from the pressing action on the clamping block 3-8-7, the spring 3-8-9 pushes the clamping block 3-8-7 out to make the clamping teeth 3-8-8 engage with the gear 3-8-5, when the long lever part of the cross lever 3-8-6 is abutted on the side of the rectangular notch, the driving disc 3-8-1 is pushed to swing forward and backward around the gear 3-8-5, through the action between the two clamping columns 3-8-4 on the convex ring 3-8-3 and the vertical sliding groove 3-6, the two second sliding blocks 3-5 are in differential motion in the up-down two cavities of the rear side of the base 3-1, one second sliding block 3-5 moves forward and the other second sliding block 3-5 moves backward, so as to drive the two second guide wires 3-3 to pull the angle converter 8 to make left-right bending motion, and then drive the first needle holder 1-1 and the second needle holder 1-2 to complete the left-right bending action.

[0051] The driving part 3 of the base 3-1 is provided with a cross lever 3-8-6, the cross lever 3-8-6 is provided with a spring 3-8-9, a clamping block 3-8-7 and a gear 3-8-5, the gear 3-8-5 is provided with a clamping tooth 3-8-8, the gear 3-8-5 is arranged on the driving disc 3-8-1, the driving disc 3-8-1 is provided with a convex ring 3-8-3, the convex ring 3-8-3 is provided with two clamping columns 3-8-4, the two clamping columns 3-8-4 are arranged in the vertical sliding groove 3-6, the vertical sliding groove 3-6 is arranged on the base 3-1, the base 3-1 is provided with two first sliding blocks 3-4 and two second sliding blocks 3-5, the two first sliding blocks 3-4 are arranged in the up-down two cavities of the front side of the base 3-1, the two second sliding blocks 3-5 are arranged in the up-down two cavities of the rear side of the base 3-1, the base 3-1 is provided with two first guide wires 3-2 and two second guide wires 3-3, the two first guide wires 3-2 are arranged on the angle converter 8, the two second guide wires 3-3 are arranged on the angle converter 8, the angle converter 8 is provided with a first holding needle clamp 1-1 and a second holding needle clamp 1-2.

[0052] The above is the ideal embodiment according to the application, through the above description, the related staff can make various changes and modifications without deviating from the technical idea of the application. The technical scope of the application is not limited to the content in the specification, and must be determined according to the scope of claims.

Claims

1. A surgical instrument, characterized in that: include Terminal tools: surgical instruments that can be opened and closed to perform surgical operations on the surgical site, and can make bending movements in at least two or more directions; Operating unit: It has an operating handle, and a main wire for controlling the opening and closing of the terminal tool is connected between the operating handle and the terminal tool; Drive unit: Used to drive the terminal tool to complete the specified bending motion, including a first guide wire group and a second guide wire group. An angle converter is fixedly connected to the front end of the first guide wire group and the second guide wire group. The angle converter is connected to the terminal tool. The first guide wire group performs a front-to-back differential motion, which drives the terminal tool to perform an up-and-down bending motion through the angle converter. The second guide wire group performs a front-to-back differential motion, which drives the terminal tool to perform a left-to-right bending motion through the angle converter. The terminal tool includes a first needle holder, a second needle holder, and a drive rod connected in a scissor-like manner. The rear end of the drive rod is connected to the front end of the main guide line, and the front end of the drive rod is hinged to the rear ends of the first and second needle holders respectively. The operating handle housing is equipped with a self-locking mechanism that locks the main guide line when the first needle holder and the second needle holder are closed, and releases the main guide line when the first needle holder and the second needle holder are opened; the self-locking mechanism includes a locking block and a locking plate located above the locking block. The locking block has a main ratchet on its side and the locking plate has a secondary ratchet on its side. When the locking block moves relative to the locking plate, the main ratchet engages with the secondary ratchet to lock the main guide line. The operating handle is provided with an unlocking plate. The lower end of the unlocking plate is hinged to one end of the locking plate, and the other end of the locking plate is hinged to the housing of the operating handle. The upper end of the unlocking plate is connected to a paddle block that can unlock the engagement between the main ratchet and the secondary ratchet. The middle part of the unlocking plate is provided with a compression spring that pushes the locking plate to reset after unlocking. The operating handle has a guide wheel installed inside its housing to guide the main guide line.

2. The surgical instrument as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The first wire group includes two first wires distributed vertically, and the second wire group includes two second wires distributed horizontally. The driving part includes a base fixed to the front end of the operating handle. A first slider fixed to the first wire and a second slider fixed to the second wire are slidably disposed in the base. The first slider performs a back-to-back differential movement to drive the terminal tool to perform a vertical bending movement through the first wire. The second slider performs a back-to-back differential movement to drive the terminal tool to perform a horizontal bending movement through the second wire.

3. The surgical instrument as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The drive unit includes a differential mechanism respectively installed on the front and rear sides of the base. The differential mechanism has a fixed gear fixed to the side of the base and a drive disk that rotates with the side of the base. The drive disk swings relative to the fixed gear, correspondingly pushing the first slider and the second slider to perform front and rear differential movements.

4. The surgical instrument as described in claim 3, characterized in that: Both the first and second sliders are provided with vertical grooves. The inner side of the drive disk has a convex ring that fits with the base with a clearance. The convex ring is provided with two centrally symmetrical locking pins, which are respectively engaged with the vertical grooves on the first and second sliders.

5. The surgical instrument as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The drive disk has a concave cavity, a fixed gear is located in the concave cavity, a cross lever is provided in the concave cavity to rotate the drive disk, and a locking block is rotatably installed on the side wall of the concave cavity. The inner side of the locking block has locking teeth that mesh with the fixed gear when the drive disk rotates.

6. The surgical instrument as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The bottom end of the long rod of the cross lever is fixed to the drive disk, the upper end of the long rod of the cross lever extends out of the drive disk, and the side of the short rod of the cross lever abuts against the inner side of the locking block when the drive disk is stationary.

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