Fault identification and interpretation method and device for oil and gas resource development

Abstract

The present application provides a method and apparatus for identifying and interpreting faults in oil and gas resource development. Based on the original seismic data of the fault to be interpreted, the present application obtains an attribute body corresponding to the fault to be interpreted. Then, based on the original seismic data, a color code is set for the seismic profile of the fault to be interpreted, thereby obtaining a new seismic profile. By comparing the strip-like distribution of abnormal response zones in each attribute body, multiple preliminary faults are determined based on the overlap of the abnormal response zones. Finally, in response to user operations, the multiple preliminary faults are named and interpreted according to preset interpretation and combination principles, and the fault interpretation results are output. The reliability of the identified and interpreted faults is verified based on evaluation criteria. This achieves accurate identification and interpretation of faults and enables the specific location of the fault to be determined.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of unconventional oil and gas resource development, and in particular to a method and device for identifying and interpreting faults in oil and gas resource development. Background Art

[0002] During the large-scale hydraulic fracturing of horizontal wells for the development of unconventional oil and gas resources such as shale gas and shale oil, the injection of fracturing fluid activates fractures and causes shear slippage, leading to casing deformation. This phenomenon significantly reduces the economic benefits of unconventional oil and gas resource development. To effectively prevent and control casing deformation, these fractures must be identified and interpreted before fracturing operations, or even before drilling, so that targeted casing deformation risk prevention and control measures can be implemented.

[0003] In the existing technology, a fault-crack growth model and a three-dimensional ground stress model based on fractal principles are established, and software and numerical simulation methods of random simulation are used to quantify the distribution of subseismic faults and cracks, thereby realizing the identification and interpretation of faults and cracks.

[0004] However, the above scheme, through random simulation, provides researchers with multiple predictions of subseismic faults in the study area. While various constraints are used to reduce simulation uncertainty, uncertainty still exists regarding the exact location of each subseismic fault. However, shale oil and gas horizontal well development requires specific fault locations, which the above scheme cannot meet. Furthermore, regarding geometric characteristics, the above scheme assumes that all fault surfaces are elliptical. However, fault surfaces in actual formations are complex and subject to numerous controlling factors. Therefore, this assumption is not realistic and presents problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present application provides a method and device for identifying and interpreting faults in oil and gas resource development, which is used to overcome the problem that the existing technology cannot provide a more accurate and effective method for identifying and interpreting faults.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present application provides a method for identifying and interpreting faults in oil and gas resource development, which is applied to a computer device and includes:

[0007] According to the original seismic data of the fault to be interpreted, an attribute body corresponding to the fault to be interpreted is obtained, wherein the attribute body includes an ant body, a maximum positive curvature body, and a weak amplitude body;

[0008] According to the original seismic data, a color scale is set for the seismic profile of the fault to be interpreted to obtain a new seismic profile, wherein different amplitude ranges in the new seismic profile correspond to different display colors, and the continuous breakpoint response of each fault is clearly displayed;

[0009] Compare the strip-shaped abnormal response zones in each attribute body, and determine multiple preliminary faults and fractures based on the overlap of the abnormal response zones;

[0010] In response to the user's operation, the plurality of preliminary fractures are named and interpreted according to preset interpretation and combination principles, and a fracture interpretation result is output.

[0011] In combination with the first aspect, in some embodiments, color-coding the seismic profile of the to-be-interpreted fault according to the original seismic data to obtain a new seismic profile includes:

[0012] Obtaining the amplitude range of the fault to be interpreted according to the original seismic data;

[0013] Dividing the amplitude range into eight intervals on average, and setting a display color corresponding to each amplitude interval on the seismic profile of the fault to be interpreted;

[0014] The amplitude interval corresponding to each color is adjusted until the response after the amplitude change in the graph is clearly displayed in the graph, thereby obtaining the new seismic profile.

[0015] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some embodiments, in response to the user's operation, naming and interpreting the multiple preliminary fractures according to preset interpretation and combination principles, and outputting the fracture interpretation results, includes:

[0016] In response to the user's operation, the seismic interpretation platform performs cross-sectional interpretation and plane combination on the multiple preliminary faults and fractures to obtain multiple interpreted faults and fractures;

[0017] The multiple interpreted faults are named respectively, and the fault interpretation results are output, wherein the fault interpretation results include a three-dimensional data volume of each fault, a plan view of each fault, and a cross-sectional view of each fault.

[0018] In combination with the first aspect, in some embodiments, the method further includes:

[0019] Determining a reliability feature of each of the plurality of preliminary fractures according to a preset fracture reliability evaluation index, wherein the reliability feature includes: reliable, substantially reliable, or unreliable;

[0020] Output the reliability characteristics of each preliminary fracture.

[0021] Among them, the reliability evaluation indicators include: an abnormal response zone in the ant body plane, an abnormal response zone in the maximum curvature body plane, an abnormal response zone in the weak amplitude body plane, continuous seismic attribute change response on at least 5 sections on the seismic profile, an abnormal response zone on the ant body section, compliance with the structural interpretation model, and drilling, logging, recording and other data showing faults.

[0022] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some embodiments, determining the reliability characteristics of each of the multiple preliminary fractures according to a preset fracture reliability evaluation index includes:

[0023] If any preliminary fracture satisfies four or more of the reliability evaluation indicators, the reliability characteristic of the preliminary fracture is determined to be reliable;

[0024] If any preliminary fracture satisfies any three of the reliability evaluation indicators, the reliability characteristic of the preliminary fracture is determined to be basically reliable;

[0025] If any preliminary fracture satisfies less than three of the reliability evaluation indicators, the reliability characteristic of the preliminary fracture is determined to be unreliable.

[0026] In a second aspect, the present application provides a device for identifying and interpreting faults in oil and gas resource development, which is applied to a computer device and includes:

[0027] An information acquisition module is used to acquire attribute bodies corresponding to the faults to be interpreted based on the original seismic data of the faults to be interpreted, wherein the attribute bodies include ant bodies, maximum positive curvature bodies and weak amplitude bodies;

[0028] A color scale module is used to set a color scale for the seismic profile of the fault to be interpreted based on the original seismic data to obtain a new seismic profile, in which different amplitude ranges correspond to different display colors, and the continuous breakpoint response of each fault is clearly displayed;

[0029] An information processing module is used to compare the strip-shaped abnormal response bands in each attribute body and determine multiple preliminary faults based on the overlap of the abnormal response bands;

[0030] The first output module is used to name and interpret the multiple preliminary fractures according to preset interpretation and combination principles in response to user operations, and output fracture interpretation results.

[0031] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some embodiments, the color code module includes:

[0032] An information acquisition unit, configured to acquire an amplitude range of the fault to be interpreted based on the original seismic data;

[0033] a color scale setting unit, configured to divide the amplitude range into eight intervals on average, and set a display color corresponding to each amplitude interval on the seismic profile of the fault to be interpreted;

[0034] The color scale adjustment unit is used to adjust the amplitude interval corresponding to each color until the response after the amplitude change in the graph is clearly displayed in the graph, thereby obtaining the new seismic profile graph.

[0035] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some embodiments, the first output module includes:

[0036] The information processing unit, in response to the user's operation, performs cross-sectional interpretation and plane combination on the plurality of preliminary faults and fractures through a seismic interpretation platform to obtain a plurality of interpreted faults and fractures;

[0037] The information output unit names the multiple interpreted faults respectively and outputs the fault interpretation results, wherein the fault interpretation results include a three-dimensional data volume of each fault, a plan view of each fault, and a cross-sectional view of each fault.

[0038] In a third aspect, the present application further provides a computer device, comprising: a processor, a memory, and a display;

[0039] The memory stores computer-executable instructions;

[0040] The processor executes the computer-executable instructions stored in the memory to implement the method described in the first aspect.

[0041] In a fourth aspect, the present application further provides a computer storage medium, wherein the computer storage medium stores computer execution instructions, and when the computer execution instructions are executed by a processor, they are used to implement the method described in the first aspect.

[0042] This application provides a method and device for identifying and interpreting faults in oil and gas resource development. Guided by generalized fault theory, which reveals the formation and evolution of faults in actual geological bodies, combined with an understanding of the characteristics and patterns of fault development in the actual study area, and through comprehensive analysis of seismic attributes, this method reliably identifies and interprets faults and can evaluate the reliability of the identified and interpreted faults. This method provides effective guidance for avoiding faults and fractures, predicting and preventing pressure channeling and casing deformation in oil and gas resource development and design, thereby reducing the adverse effects of fault activation, casing deformation, pressure channeling, and fracturing fluid loss, and ensuring the economic benefits of unconventional oil and gas resource development. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present application.

[0044] Figure 1 This is a diagram of an application scenario of the fault-fracture identification and interpretation method for oil and gas resource development provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0045] Figure 2 A flow chart of Example 1 of the method for identifying and interpreting faults in oil and gas resource development provided in the present application;

[0046] Figure 3 A flow chart of Example 2 of the method for identifying and interpreting faults in oil and gas resource development provided in the present application;

[0047] Figure 4 A flow chart of Example 3 of the method for identifying and interpreting faults in oil and gas resource development provided in the present application;

[0048] Figure 5 A flow chart of a fourth embodiment of the method for identifying and interpreting faults in oil and gas resource development provided in the present application;

[0049] Figure 6 A flowchart of a specific example of the method for identifying and interpreting faults in oil and gas resource development provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0050] Figure 7 This is the abnormal response distribution diagram of the cross-well fault-fracture in the ant body in the W platform well area;

[0051] Figure 8 This is the abnormal response distribution diagram of the cross-well fault-fracture in the curvature body in the W platform well area;

[0052] Figure 9 This is the abnormal response distribution diagram of the cross-well fault-fracture in the weak amplitude body in the W platform well area;

[0053] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the seismic cross-section of the original seismic data of the W platform;

[0054] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the ant body passing through the well on the W platform;

[0055] Figure 12 A schematic diagram of the structure of a first embodiment of a device for identifying and interpreting faults in oil and gas resource development provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0056] Figure 13 A schematic diagram of the structure of a second embodiment of the device for identifying and interpreting faults in oil and gas resource development provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0057] Figure 14A schematic diagram of the structure of a third embodiment of the device for identifying and interpreting faults in oil and gas resource development provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0058] Figure 15 A schematic diagram of the structure of a fourth embodiment of a device for identifying and interpreting faults in oil and gas resource development according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0059] Figure 16 A schematic diagram of the structure of a fifth embodiment of the device for identifying and interpreting faults in oil and gas resource development provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0060] Figure 17 A schematic diagram of the structure of a computer device provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0061] The above drawings illustrate specific embodiments of the present application, which will be described in more detail below. These drawings and the textual description are not intended to limit the scope of the present application in any way, but rather to illustrate the concepts of the present application to those skilled in the art by reference to specific embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0062] Exemplary embodiments will be described in detail herein, with examples illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following description, when referring to the drawings, identical numerals in different figures represent identical or similar elements, unless otherwise indicated. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments are not intended to represent all embodiments consistent with the present application. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with certain aspects of the present application, as detailed in the appended claims.

[0063] First, let’s explain the terms involved in this application:

[0064] Fault-crack refers to the collective name for subseismic faults and large cracks, specifically faults and large cracks with a fault distance of approximately 5-10m.

[0065] The generalized fault theory refers to the extension of the classic theory of structural geology, the Anderson fault model, from homogeneous media to heterogeneous media with pre-existing structures; the extension of the Anderson stress state (principal stress vertical or horizontal) to any stress state; the application of the Coulomb-Moore criterion to the generalized shear rupture criterion; the extension of the analysis of the instantaneous activity trend of faults to the formation and evolution of fracture systems, and the application of the fault action analysis to actual geological bodies.

[0066] Faults are fundamental structural elements of sedimentary basins. On a larger scale, faults control the formation and evolution of basins, influencing the migration and accumulation of oil and gas, as well as the quality of unconventional reservoirs. On a smaller scale, faults affect the development of oil and gas reservoirs and are a major factor in phenomena such as casing deformation, pressure channeling, and fracturing fluid loss. However, fault-fracture interactions within faults cannot be directly identified using seismic data, severely impacting the economic benefits of oil and gas resource extraction. By analyzing the geometric characteristics of seismic faults in the study area and classifying fault assemblages, fractal theory can be used to predict the number, length, and throw of subseismic faults. Three-dimensional geomechanical simulations are then used to simulate the maximum shear stress and rupture orientation during the active phase of the study area, thereby constraining the distribution density and orientation of faults. Finally, stochastic simulation techniques are used to quantitatively predict subseismic faults in the study area. However, the stochastic model employed in this method is subject to uncertainty and ideally assumes that all fault planes are elliptical, which is unrealistic. If the strain distribution during fault activity is restored using three-dimensional strain reconstruction methods, and the subseismic fault density is inferred from the strain distribution to identify faults, the strain distribution only provides the distribution of subseismic fault density, but does not provide the exact distribution location. If subseismic faults are identified using unique singular value attributes, this method only predicts the location and geometric elements of subseismic faults based on the abnormal response of a single attribute, which lacks accuracy and is prone to errors and omissions.

[0067] In response to the above problems, the present application provides a method for identifying and interpreting faults and fissures in oil and gas resource development, which achieves effective identification and interpretation of faults and fissures. Specifically, there is currently no mature method for identifying and interpreting faults and fissures in the process of oil and gas resource development. During the research process, the inventors found that by establishing a fault growth model and a three-dimensional ground stress model based on fractal principles, and using software and numerical simulation methods of random simulation to quantify the distribution of subseismic faults, the identification and interpretation of faults and fissures can be achieved. However, this method uses a random model and has uncertainties. In addition, the fault plane is ideally assumed to be elliptical, which is not in line with reality. If the strain distribution during fault activity is restored by a three-dimensional strain restoration method, the subseismic fault density is inferred based on the strain distribution. However, the simulation of the corresponding variables by this method is not accurate enough, so the prediction of the subseismic fault density distribution based on the strain variable is also not accurate enough. In addition, this method only gives the distribution of the subseismic fault density through the distribution of the strain variable, and does not give the exact distribution location. Furthermore, this method does not predict the geometric shape of the fault. If faults are identified and interpreted through unique singular value attributes, and the location and geometric elements of faults are predicted only through the abnormal response of a single attribute, there is a lack of accuracy and errors and omissions in the prediction. If the distribution of the possibility of the existence of faults in different locations is predicted through the combination of different attribute bodies, the exact number, geometric elements and location predictions are not given. In view of these problems, the inventors studied whether it is possible to combine different attribute bodies and their combinations with the seismic attributes of the original seismic data on the basis of generalized fault theory to achieve the identification and interpretation of faults. Based on this, the technical solution of the present application is proposed.

[0068] Figure 1 This is an application scenario diagram of the oil and gas resource development fault-fracture identification and interpretation method provided in the embodiment of this application. Figure 1 As shown, the oil and gas resource development fault identification and interpretation method provided in the embodiments of this application can be applied in actual oil and gas resource development scenarios, where the actual oil and gas resource development scenario includes at least production equipment, a computer device, and at least one fault or fracture that overlaps with the production equipment. The production equipment can be a series of oil and gas resource production equipment, such as horizontal wells, and the computer device can be a computer, personal computer, smart terminal, or other device that can be used to control the operation of the production equipment and perform data processing and content display. This solution does not limit the specific form of these devices.

[0069] In this solution, it should also be understood that at least one fracture overlapping with the mining equipment can be a fracture of any direction and any shape, and this application does not impose any limitation on the direction and shape of the fracture.

[0070] The following specific embodiments describe in detail the technical solution of the present application and how the technical solution of the present application solves the above-mentioned technical problems. The following specific embodiments can be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be repeated in some embodiments. The embodiments of the present application will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0071] Figure 2 The flowchart of the first embodiment of the method for identifying and interpreting oil and gas resource development faults provided in the present application is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the fault-fracture identification and interpretation method for oil and gas resource development is applied to computer equipment and specifically includes the following steps:

[0072] S101: Obtaining attribute volumes corresponding to the faults to be interpreted based on original seismic data of the faults to be interpreted.

[0073] In this step, in order to better identify and interpret the fault to be interpreted, it is necessary to analyze the seismic attributes of the original seismic data and its corresponding attribute body. According to the seismic attributes of the original seismic data of the fault to be interpreted, such as amplitude, frequency, phase and their combination, the attribute body corresponding to the fault to be interpreted is obtained through algorithm calculation. The attribute bodies corresponding to the fault to be interpreted include: ant body, maximum positive curvature body and weak amplitude body.

[0074] In one specific embodiment, an ant volume is calculated using an ant tracking algorithm based on the seismic attributes of the original seismic data of the fault to be interpreted, such as amplitude, frequency, phase, and combinations thereof. Specifically, parameters are first set based on the original seismic data of the study area. The parameters include: defining a seed point, defining an offset for the foraging route, defining an ant search step size, defining an illegal range, defining a legal range, and defining a threshold for terminating the search. The seismic attributes of the original seismic data are then smoothed, and finally, the ant volume corresponding to the fault to be interpreted is calculated using artificial ants. Based on the data volume of the seismic attributes of the original seismic data for interpreting the fault, a maximum positive curvature volume and a weak amplitude volume are extracted post-stack.

[0075] S102: According to the original seismic data, a color scale is set for the seismic profile of the fault to be interpreted to obtain a new seismic profile.

[0076] In this step, in order to increase the recognition degree of seismic attribute changes in the original seismic data, it is necessary to set the display color scale of the seismic section and adjust it to a multi-color display mode to obtain a new seismic section map.

[0077] In a specific embodiment, based on the original seismic data, the amplitude range of the fault to be interpreted is obtained, the amplitude range is evenly divided into eight intervals, and a display color is set for each amplitude interval on the seismic profile of the fault to be interpreted, wherein the display colors are red, light green, blue, pink, yellow, cyan, brown, and green. The amplitude interval corresponding to each color is adjusted until the response after the amplitude change in the figure is clearly displayed in the figure, and a new seismic profile is obtained.

[0078] S103: comparing the strip-shaped abnormal response zones in each attribute body, and determining a plurality of preliminary faults based on the overlap of the abnormal response zones.

[0079] In this step, due to the limitations of the original seismic data itself, faults with a fault throw less than one-quarter of the seismic wavelength cannot be directly identified and interpreted on the seismic profile. However, the existence of these faults changes the rock physical properties of the study area and is bound to produce abnormal responses in the seismic attributes. Moreover, this abnormal response will be distributed in a banded manner along the extension direction of the fault. By comparing the strip-like abnormal response bands in each attribute body, multiple preliminary faults and fractures are determined based on the overlap of the abnormal response bands.

[0080] In one specific implementation, ant bodies, curvature bodies, and weak-amplitude bodies often have a good response and identification effect on faults, but curvature bodies cannot identify faults in cross-sectional images. Abnormal response bands distributed in strips are identified in the planar images of ant bodies, curvature bodies, and weak-amplitude bodies. The corresponding locations are observed to see whether there are continuous abnormal response points in the cross-sectional images and seismic profiles of the ant bodies and weak-amplitude bodies. Faults are identified on seismic profiles based on significant and continuous changes in seismic attributes. Faults must have continuous seismic attribute changes on the same seismic profile, including color abrupt changes and event distortions, and must be tracked across a series of consecutive seismic profiles. Furthermore, a fault must extend for more than 100 meters in planar length. For example, with a trace spacing of 20 meters, it must be tracked on five consecutive seismic profiles to be considered a fault.

[0081] Specifically, if these abnormal responses are distributed in a zonal pattern, with overlapping anomaly response zones of different attributes, continuous seismic attribute changes on the seismic profile corresponding to the anomaly response zone, and the fault's planar extension exceeds 100 meters—that is, for example, it must be traceable on five consecutive seismic profiles with a 20-meter trace spacing—and it must also conform to the tectonic interpretation model, then it can be determined as a preliminary fault. The tectonic interpretation model is a collection of fault types in the study area.

[0082] If these abnormal response zones do not overlap on different attribute bodies, but their distribution clearly conforms to the structural interpretation model, they can also be interpreted as preliminary faults in combination with the attribute changes of the seismic profile.

[0083] If there are no abnormal responses on the ant body, curvature body, or weak amplitude body, but there are locations with continuous seismic attribute changes in the seismic profile, and the change trend is consistent with the structural interpretation model, then it should also be interpreted as a preliminary fault. Finally, multiple preliminary faults are determined.

[0084] S104: In response to the user's operation, multiple preliminary fractures are named and interpreted according to preset interpretation and combination principles, and a fracture interpretation result is output.

[0085] In this step, the user inputs the cross-sectional data of the seismic attributes of the original seismic data and the cross-sectional and planar data of the attribute body into the computer device. After obtaining this information, the computer device performs cross-sectional interpretation and planar combination on multiple preliminary faults through the seismic interpretation platform to obtain multiple interpreted faults. The multiple interpreted faults are then named respectively, and the fault interpretation results are output, wherein the fault interpretation results include the three-dimensional data body of each fault, the plan view of each fault, and the cross-sectional view of each fault.

[0086] In a specific embodiment, according to the changes in the seismic attributes of the original seismic data, preliminary faults are interpreted one by one in multiple continuous seismic profiles. After the preliminary fault interpretation is completed, the system will automatically fit the preliminary fault surface and generate preliminary fault lines in the slices along the layer. Since the scale of the preliminary fault is much smaller than that of the fault, the inclination angles of different segments of a preliminary fault on the same profile should not change much, and the inclination angle changes in different profiles should also be continuous. Therefore, if it is found that the three-dimensional morphology and planar morphology of the preliminary fault are excessively distorted, among which gentle changes and small distortions are reasonable, it is necessary to fine-tune the fault position on the profile to eliminate this distortion, realize the three-dimensional interaction of the preliminary fault interpretation, and name multiple preliminary faults, and finally obtain a fault interpretation result containing a three-dimensional data volume of each fault, a plan view of each fault, and a cross-sectional view of each fault.

[0087] Specifically, the interpretation and combination of preliminary fractures need to comply with the following principles:

[0088] (1) Conform to the structural interpretation model. For example, there should be no reverse faults in the extensional zone, the dip angle of the initial fault should not be too small, there should not be too many intersections of the initial fault in the profile and plane, and the tendency of the initial fault should not be reversed.

[0089] (2) Comply with the principle of balance.

[0090] (3) Explain the fractures one by one.

[0091] (4) Closed in three dimensions, that is, the initial fault-crack surface is smooth and there are no jump points in the plan section.

[0092] The method for identifying and interpreting faults in oil and gas resource development provided in this embodiment obtains an attribute body corresponding to the fault to be interpreted based on the original seismic data of the fault to be interpreted, and sets a color code on the seismic profile of the fault to be interpreted, thereby obtaining a new seismic profile. In the new seismic profile, different amplitude ranges correspond to different display colors, and the continuous breakpoint response of each fault is clearly displayed. The strip-like distribution of abnormal response bands in each attribute body is compared, and based on the overlap of the abnormal response bands, multiple preliminary faults are determined. According to preset interpretation and combination principles, the multiple preliminary faults are named and interpreted, and the fault interpretation results are output. This achieves accurate identification and interpretation of faults, reducing the adverse effects of fault activation, casing deformation, pressure channeling, and fracturing fluid loss.

[0093] Figure 3 The flowchart of the second embodiment of the method for identifying and interpreting faults in oil and gas resource development provided in the embodiment of the present application is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, in the above method embodiment, step 102 sets a color scale for the seismic profile of the fault to be interpreted based on the original seismic data to obtain a new seismic profile. The specific implementation process includes:

[0094] S1021: Obtain the amplitude range of the fault to be interpreted.

[0095] In the specific implementation of this step, to better observe changes in the seismic attributes of the raw seismic data, different amplitude intervals are assigned to the profile of the raw seismic data. Based on the raw seismic data of the study area, the amplitude range of the fault-fracture to be interpreted is obtained. The amplitude range of the fault-fracture to be interpreted can be set based on the specific conditions of the study area and is not specifically limited in this solution.

[0096] S1022: Divide the amplitude range into eight intervals evenly, and set a display color corresponding to each amplitude interval on the seismic profile of the fault to be interpreted.

[0097] In this step, after obtaining the amplitude range of the fault to be interpreted, in order to increase the recognition degree of seismic attribute changes, the seismic profile of the fault to be interpreted is set to a color display mode.

[0098] In a specific embodiment, the obtained amplitude range is evenly divided into eight intervals, and eight colors, namely red, light green, blue, pink, yellow, cyan, brown, and green, correspond to each amplitude interval.

[0099] S1023: Adjust the amplitude interval corresponding to each color to obtain a new seismic profile.

[0100] In the specific implementation of this step, after setting different colors for each amplitude interval, in order to more clearly observe the abnormal response of the seismic attribute changes in the seismic profile of the fault to be interpreted, the amplitude range corresponding to each color code is adjusted until the continuous breakpoint response of each fault in the seismic profile is clearly visible, thereby obtaining a new seismic profile.

[0101] This embodiment provides a fault and fissure identification and interpretation method for oil and gas resource development. Based on the original seismic data, the seismic profile of the fault or fissure to be interpreted is color-coded. The amplitude range of the fault or fissure to be interpreted is divided into eight intervals, with each amplitude interval corresponding to a display color. This method improves the recognition of seismic attribute changes and makes the discontinuity response of a continuous fault or fissure in the seismic profile more clearly visible.

[0102] Figure 4 The flowchart of the third embodiment of the method for identifying and interpreting faults in oil and gas resource development provided in the embodiment of the present application is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, in the first embodiment of the above method, in step 104, in response to the user's operation, multiple preliminary fractures are named and interpreted according to the preset interpretation and combination principles, and the fracture interpretation results are output. The specific implementation process includes the following steps:

[0103] S1041: In response to the user's operation, a seismic interpretation platform is used to perform cross-sectional interpretation and plane combination on multiple preliminary faults and fractures to obtain multiple interpreted faults and fractures.

[0104] In this step, in order to obtain more accurate data on preliminary faults, the interpretation and combination principles are preset, and the user inputs the cross-sectional data of the seismic attributes of the original seismic data and the cross-sectional and planar data of the attribute body into the computer device. After the computer device obtains this information, it uses the seismic interpretation platform to perform cross-sectional interpretation and planar combination on multiple preliminary faults to obtain multiple interpreted faults.

[0105] In a specific embodiment, the preset interpretation and combination principles include:

[0106] (1) Conform to the structural interpretation model. For example, there should be no reverse faults in the extensional zone, the dip angle of the initial fault should not be too small, there should not be too many intersections of the initial fault in the profile and plane, and the tendency of the initial fault should not be reversed.

[0107] (2) Comply with the principle of balance.

[0108] (3) Explain the fractures one by one.

[0109] (4) Closed in three dimensions, that is, the initial fault-crack surface is smooth and there are no jump points in the plan section.

[0110] According to the above specific principles, based on the changes in the seismic attributes of the original seismic data, preliminary faults are interpreted one by one in multiple continuous seismic sections. After the preliminary fault interpretation is completed, the system automatically fits the preliminary fault surface and generates preliminary fault lines in the slices along the layer. Since the scale of the preliminary fault is much smaller than that of the fault, the dip angles of different segments of a preliminary fault on the same section should not vary much, and the dip angle changes in different sections should also be continuous. Therefore, if the three-dimensional and planar morphologies of the preliminary fault are found to be excessively distorted, among which gentle changes and small distortions are reasonable, the fault position needs to be fine-tuned on the section to eliminate this distortion, realize the three-dimensional interaction of the preliminary fault interpretation, and finally obtain multiple interpreted faults.

[0111] S1042: Output the fracture interpretation result.

[0112] In a specific embodiment of this step, after multiple preliminary faults are interpreted and combined with planar views, multiple interpreted faults are obtained. Each of the multiple interpreted faults is then named, and the interpretation results for each named fault are output. The fault interpretation results include a 3D data volume for each fault, a plan view of each fault, and a cross-sectional view of each fault.

[0113] The fault identification and interpretation method for oil and gas resource development provided in this embodiment uses preset interpretation and combination principles to perform cross-sectional interpretation and planar combination of multiple preliminary faults on a seismic interpretation platform. Each interpreted fault is then named and the fault interpretation results are output, making the fault identification and interpretation data more accurate and reliable.

[0114] Figure 5 This is a flow chart of Example 4 of the method for identifying and interpreting faults in oil and gas resource development provided in the present application, as shown in FIG. Figure 5 As shown, the above method embodiment 1 also includes the following steps:

[0115] S105: Determine a reliability feature of each of the multiple preliminary fractures.

[0116] In this step, to make the obtained fault interpretation results more convincing and reliable, the reliability of the interpreted fault interpretation results is evaluated using specific indicators. The fault interpretation results are evaluated based on preset fault reliability evaluation indicators to determine the reliability characteristics of each of the multiple preliminary faults. The reliability characteristics of each of the multiple preliminary faults include: reliable, basically reliable, or unreliable.

[0117] In a specific embodiment, the preset fracture reliability evaluation indicators include:

[0118] (1) It is an abnormal response zone in the ant body plane.

[0119] (2) The abnormal response zone is in the plane of maximum curvature.

[0120] (3) In the weak amplitude plane, there is an abnormal response band.

[0121] (4) There are continuous seismic attribute change responses on at least five sections of the seismic profile.

[0122] (5) There is an abnormal response zone on the cross section of the ant body.

[0123] (6) It is consistent with the structural interpretation model.

[0124] (7) Drilling, logging, and mud recording data show that there are faults.

[0125] S106: Output the reliability characteristics of each preliminary fracture.

[0126] In a specific implementation of this step, the preset reliability evaluation index is compared with each interpreted fault, and a three-dimensional data volume of each fault after comparison is output on the seismic interpretation platform. Based on the parameters in the three-dimensional data volume, if any preliminary fault meets four or more of the reliability evaluation indicators, the reliability characteristics of the preliminary fault can be determined to be reliable.

[0127] If any preliminary fracture satisfies any three of the reliability evaluation indicators, the reliability characteristics of the preliminary fracture can be determined to be basically reliable.

[0128] If any preliminary fracture satisfies less than three of the reliability evaluation indicators, the reliability characteristics of the preliminary fracture can be determined to be unreliable.

[0129] The following uses the fault-fracture identification and interpretation of the five horizontal wells in the W platform of the Weiyuan shale gas block in Sichuan as an example to illustrate the fault-fracture identification and interpretation method for oil and gas resource development proposed in this application. Figure 6 The flowchart of a specific example of the method for identifying and interpreting faults in oil and gas resource development provided in the embodiment of the present application specifically includes:

[0130] S201: Construct an explanatory model.

[0131] In the specific implementation of this step, based on the generalized fault theory, combined with the comprehensive structural analysis of field outcrops and seismic data in the Weiyuan area and in-depth research and analysis of the regional tectonic background, it is determined that the Weiyuan area has undergone compression in the Yanshanian period in the north-south (NS) direction and the Himalayan period in the east-west (EW) direction, forming conjugate fault-crack networks in the north-northeast (NNE) and north-northwest (NNW), north-east-east (NEE) and north-west-west (NWW) directions, and fault-cracks in the EW and NS directions. The fault-crack structures formed above are used as interpretation models.

[0132] S202: Obtain the attribute body.

[0133] In the specific implementation of this step, a suitable algorithm is preferably used to obtain an attribute body that can more clearly reflect the fault-fracture characteristics. After careful calculation in the Weiyuan area, the ant body, the maximum positive curvature body and the weak amplitude body are obtained.

[0134] S203: Seismic profile color scale setting.

[0135] In the specific implementation of this step, the color scale of the seismic profile is set to "red / light green / blue / pink / yellow / cyan / brown / green" 8-color display, and the amplitude range corresponding to the color scale is adjusted to -2500 to 2500.

[0136] S204: Determine a plurality of preliminary fractures.

[0137] In this step, the strip-shaped abnormal response zones in the three attribute bodies are compared, and a plurality of preliminary faults are determined based on the overlap of the abnormal response zones.

[0138] In a specific embodiment, Figure 7 This is the abnormal response distribution diagram of the fault-fracture in the ant body in the W platform well area. Figure 8 This is the abnormal response distribution diagram of the cross-well fault-fracture in the curvature body in the W platform well area. Figure 9 The abnormal response distribution diagram of the fault-fracture in the weak amplitude body in the W platform well area is shown in Figure 2. Figure 7 、 8 As shown in Figures 9 and 9, the abnormal response zones distributed in strips are compared and analyzed in the plane diagrams of the ant body, curvature body and weak amplitude body. According to the overlap, the preliminary faults FF1, FF2, FF3, FF4, FF5 and FF6 are determined.

[0139] S205: Interpretation and combination of multiple preliminary fractures.

[0140] In the specific implementation of this step, Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the seismic profile of the original seismic data of the W platform. Figure 10 As shown in the figure, the seismic attribute changes (specifically, color mutations) and event distortions are identified in the seismic profiles of the original seismic data. Based on the occurrence of 5 or more consecutive traces of such changes, the above-mentioned preliminary faults FF1 to FF6 and FF7 are preliminarily interpreted. Figure 11 A comparative observation of the ant body section showed that the preliminary fractures FF1~FF5 had strip-shaped abnormal responses on the ant body section, which increased the reliability of the preliminary fractures FF1~FF5.

[0141] Based on the above preliminary fault-crack response analysis, the user inputs the cross-sectional data of the seismic attributes of the original seismic data and the cross-sectional and planar data of the attribute body into the computer device. After the computer device obtains this information, it performs preliminary cross-sectional interpretation and planar combination of faults on the seismic interpretation platform. The preliminary fault-crack interpretation and combination should comply with four principles: conformity to the structural interpretation model, conformity to the principle of balance, interpretation of faults track by track, and closure in three dimensions.

[0142] S206: Output the fracture interpretation result.

[0143] The fault interpretation results of the preliminary faults FF1 to FF7 that have been interpreted and named are output. The fault interpretation results include the fault three-dimensional data volume, fault plane diagram, typical cross-section diagram and fault parameter table. The fault parameter table is shown in Table 1.

[0144] S207: Evaluate and interpret the reliability of the fracture according to the fracture parameters and the reliability evaluation index.

[0145] The specific evaluation criteria are:

[0146] (1) Abnormal response zone of ant body plane.

[0147] (2) Abnormal response zone of the maximum curvature body plane.

[0148] (3) Weak amplitude plane abnormal response zone.

[0149] (4) There are continuous (at least 5 sections) seismic attribute change responses on the seismic profile.

[0150] (5) Abnormal response zone of ant body profile.

[0151] (6) It is consistent with the structural interpretation model.

[0152] (7) Drilling, logging, and mud recording data show the presence of faults.

[0153] If the above four indicators or more are met, the preliminary interpretation of the fault is reliable; if three indicators are met, the preliminary interpretation of the fault is basically reliable; if less than three indicators are met, the preliminary interpretation of the fault is not very reliable.

[0154] After the fracturing operation on this platform was completed, a total of 5 casing change points appeared, all of which were located near the initial interpreted fault-fracture (±50m), further verifying the reliability of this method for fault-fracture identification and interpretation.

[0155] Table 1 W platform interpretation of fracture parameters

[0156]

[0157] The method for identifying and interpreting faults in oil and gas resource development, provided in this embodiment, constructs an interpretation model, generates an attribute body based on seismic attribute data from raw seismic data, combines the plan view and cross-sectional view of the attribute body with the cross-sectional view of the seismic attributes, identifies multiple preliminary faults, interprets and combines these preliminary faults to obtain interpreted faults, and finally outputs a fault interpretation result. The reliability of the interpreted faults is evaluated based on a preset reliability assessment index. This method more accurately identifies and interprets faults, providing effective guidance for avoiding faults, predicting and preventing pressure channeling and casing deformation in oil and gas resource development and design, thereby reducing the adverse effects of fault activation, casing deformation, pressure channeling, and fracturing fluid loss, and ensuring the economic benefits of unconventional oil and gas resource development.

[0158] The present application also provides a device for identifying and interpreting faults in oil and gas resource development, which is applied to computer equipment. Figure 12 This is a structural diagram of the first embodiment of the oil and gas resource development fault identification and interpretation device provided in the embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG. Figure 12 As shown, the oil and gas resource development fault-fracture identification and interpretation device 300 includes:

[0159] The information acquisition module 301 is used to acquire attribute bodies corresponding to the faults to be interpreted based on the original seismic data of the faults to be interpreted. The attribute bodies include ant bodies, maximum positive curvature bodies and weak amplitude bodies.

[0160] The color scale module 302 is used to set the color scale of the seismic profile of the fault to be interpreted based on the original seismic data to obtain a new seismic profile. Different amplitude ranges in the new seismic profile correspond to different display colors, and the continuous breakpoint response of each fault is clearly displayed.

[0161] The information processing module 303 is used to compare the abnormal response bands distributed in stripes in each attribute body, and determine a plurality of preliminary fractures according to the overlap of the abnormal response bands.

[0162] The first output module 304 is configured to name and interpret the multiple preliminary fractures according to preset interpretation and combination principles in response to user operations, and output fracture interpretation results.

[0163] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second embodiment of the device for identifying and interpreting oil and gas resource development faults provided in the present application. The color code module 302 includes:

[0164] The information acquisition unit 3021 is used to acquire the amplitude range of the fault to be interpreted based on the original seismic data.

[0165] The color scale setting unit 3022 is used to divide the amplitude range into eight intervals on average, and set a display color corresponding to each amplitude interval on the seismic profile of the fault to be interpreted.

[0166] The color scale adjustment unit 3023 is used to adjust the amplitude interval corresponding to each color until the response after the amplitude change in the graph is clearly displayed in the graph, thereby obtaining a new seismic profile.

[0167] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the third embodiment of the device for identifying and interpreting oil and gas resource development faults provided in the present application. The first output module 304 includes:

[0168] The information processing unit 3041, in response to the user's operation, performs cross-sectional interpretation and plane combination on the multiple preliminary faults through the seismic interpretation platform to obtain multiple interpreted faults.

[0169] The information output unit 3042 names the multiple interpreted faults respectively and outputs the fault interpretation results, which include the three-dimensional data volume of each fault, the plan view of each fault and the cross-sectional view of each fault.

[0170] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fourth embodiment of the oil and gas resource development fault identification and interpretation device provided in an embodiment of the present application. The oil and gas resource development fault identification and interpretation device 300 further includes:

[0171] The evaluation module 305 is configured to determine the reliability characteristics of each of the multiple preliminary fractures according to a preset fracture reliability evaluation index, where the reliability characteristics include: reliable, substantially reliable, or unreliable.

[0172] The second output module 306 is configured to output the reliability characteristics of each preliminary fracture.

[0173] Among them, the reliability assessment indicators include: an abnormal response zone in the ant body plane, an abnormal response zone in the maximum curvature body plane, an abnormal response zone in the weak amplitude body plane, continuous seismic attribute change response on at least 5 sections on the seismic profile, an abnormal response zone on the ant body section, compliance with the structural interpretation model, and drilling, logging, and recording data showing faults.

[0174] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fifth embodiment of the apparatus for identifying and interpreting faults in oil and gas resource development provided by the present application. The evaluation module 305 includes:

[0175] The first processing unit 3051 is configured to determine that the reliability feature of the preliminary fracture is reliable if any preliminary fracture satisfies four or more reliability evaluation indicators.

[0176] The second processing unit 3052 is configured to determine that the reliability feature of the preliminary fracture is basically reliable if any preliminary fracture satisfies any three of the reliability evaluation indicators.

[0177] The third processing unit 3053 is configured to determine that the reliability feature of the preliminary fracture is unreliable if any preliminary fracture satisfies less than three of the reliability evaluation indicators.

[0178] The embodiment of the present application also provides a computer device, Figure 17 A schematic diagram of the structure of a computer device provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. Figure 17 As shown, the computer device 400 includes a processor 401, a memory 402 and a display 403;

[0179] The memory 401 stores computer-executable instructions;

[0180] The processor 402 executes the computer-executable instructions stored in the memory to implement any one of the method embodiments described above.

[0181] The display 403 is used to display image information such as cross-sections and plan views.

[0182] An embodiment of the present application further provides a computer storage medium, in which computer execution instructions are stored. When the computer execution instructions are executed by a processor, they are used to implement any one of the method embodiments in the above embodiments.

[0183] Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate other embodiments of the present application after considering the specification and practicing the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the present application that follow the general principles of the present application and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The description and examples are to be considered as exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of the present application are indicated by the following claims.

[0184] It should be understood that the present application is not limited to the exact structure described above and shown in the drawings, and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the present application is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for identifying and interpreting faults in oil and gas resource development, applied to computer equipment, comprising: According to the original seismic data of the fault to be interpreted, an attribute body corresponding to the fault to be interpreted is obtained, wherein the attribute body includes an ant body, a maximum positive curvature body, and a weak amplitude body; According to the original seismic data, a color scale is set for the seismic profile of the fault to be interpreted to obtain a new seismic profile, wherein different amplitude ranges in the new seismic profile correspond to different display colors, and the continuous breakpoint response of each fault is clearly displayed; Compare the strip-shaped abnormal response zones in each attribute body, and determine multiple preliminary faults and fractures based on the overlap of the abnormal response zones; In response to a user's operation, the plurality of preliminary fractures are named and interpreted according to preset interpretation and combination principles, and a fracture interpretation result is output; The method further comprises: Determining a reliability feature of each of the plurality of preliminary fractures according to a preset fracture reliability evaluation index, wherein the reliability feature includes: reliable, substantially reliable, or unreliable; Output the reliability characteristics of each preliminary fracture; The reliability assessment indicators include: abnormal response zones in the ant body plane, abnormal response zones in the maximum curvature body plane, abnormal response zones in the weak amplitude body plane, continuous seismic attribute change responses on at least five sections on the seismic profile, abnormal response zones on the ant body section, conformity with the structural interpretation model, and drilling, logging, and mud logging data showing faults; The step of determining the reliability characteristics of each of the plurality of preliminary fractures according to a preset fracture reliability evaluation index includes: If any preliminary fracture satisfies four or more of the reliability evaluation indicators, the reliability characteristic of the preliminary fracture is determined to be reliable; If any preliminary fracture satisfies any three of the reliability evaluation indicators, the reliability characteristic of the preliminary fracture is determined to be basically reliable; If any preliminary fracture satisfies less than three of the reliability evaluation indicators, the reliability characteristic of the preliminary fracture is determined to be unreliable.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The method of setting a color scale for the seismic profile of the fault to be interpreted based on the original seismic data to obtain a new seismic profile includes: Obtaining the amplitude range of the fault to be interpreted according to the original seismic data; Dividing the amplitude range into eight intervals on average, and setting a display color corresponding to each amplitude interval on the seismic profile of the fault to be interpreted; The amplitude interval corresponding to each color is adjusted until the response after the amplitude change in the graph is clearly displayed in the graph, thereby obtaining the new seismic profile.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In response to the user's operation, the plurality of preliminary fractures are named and interpreted according to preset interpretation and combination principles, and the fracture interpretation results are output, including: In response to the user's operation, the seismic interpretation platform performs cross-sectional interpretation and plane combination on the multiple preliminary faults and fractures to obtain multiple interpreted faults and fractures; The multiple interpreted faults are named respectively, and the fault interpretation results are output, wherein the fault interpretation results include a three-dimensional data volume of each fault, a plan view of each fault, and a cross-sectional view of each fault.

4. A device for identifying and interpreting faults in oil and gas resource development, characterized in that: Applicable to computer equipment, including: An information acquisition module is used to acquire attribute bodies corresponding to the faults to be interpreted based on the original seismic data of the faults to be interpreted, wherein the attribute bodies include ant bodies, maximum positive curvature bodies and weak amplitude bodies; A color scale module is used to set a color scale for the seismic profile of the fault to be interpreted based on the original seismic data to obtain a new seismic profile, in which different amplitude ranges correspond to different display colors, and the continuous breakpoint response of each fault is clearly displayed; An information processing module is used to compare the strip-shaped abnormal response bands in each attribute body and determine multiple preliminary faults based on the overlap of the abnormal response bands; A first output module is configured to name and interpret the plurality of preliminary fractures according to preset interpretation and combination principles in response to a user operation, and output a fracture interpretation result; The device further comprises: An evaluation module, configured to determine a reliability feature of each of the plurality of preliminary fractures according to a preset fracture reliability evaluation index, wherein the reliability feature includes: reliable, substantially reliable, or unreliable; A second output module is used to output the reliability characteristics of each preliminary fracture; The reliability assessment indicators include: abnormal response zones in the ant body plane, abnormal response zones in the maximum curvature body plane, abnormal response zones in the weak amplitude body plane, continuous seismic attribute change responses on at least five sections on the seismic profile, abnormal response zones on the ant body section, conformity with the structural interpretation model, and drilling, logging, and mud logging data showing faults; The evaluation module includes: a first processing unit, configured to determine that the reliability feature of any preliminary fracture is reliable if the preliminary fracture satisfies four or more of the reliability evaluation indicators; a second processing unit, configured to determine that the reliability characteristic of any preliminary fracture is basically reliable if any three of the reliability evaluation indicators are satisfied by the preliminary fracture; The third processing unit is configured to determine that the reliability feature of any preliminary fracture is unreliable if any preliminary fracture satisfies less than three of the reliability evaluation indicators.

5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that The color code module includes: An information acquisition unit, configured to acquire an amplitude range of the fault to be interpreted based on the original seismic data; a color scale setting unit, configured to divide the amplitude range into eight intervals on average, and set a display color corresponding to each amplitude interval on the seismic profile of the fault to be interpreted; The color scale adjustment unit is used to adjust the amplitude interval corresponding to each color until the response after the amplitude change in the graph is clearly displayed in the graph, thereby obtaining the new seismic profile graph.

6. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that The first output module includes: The information processing unit, in response to the user's operation, performs cross-sectional interpretation and plane combination on the plurality of preliminary faults and fractures through a seismic interpretation platform to obtain a plurality of interpreted faults and fractures; The information output unit names the multiple interpreted faults respectively and outputs the fault interpretation results, wherein the fault interpretation results include a three-dimensional data volume of each fault, a plan view of each fault, and a cross-sectional view of each fault.

7. A computer device, characterized in that: include: processor, memory, and display; The memory is connected to the processor and is used to store computer-executable instructions; The processor executes the computer-executable instructions stored in the memory to implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

8. A computer storage medium, characterized in that The computer storage medium stores computer-executable instructions, which are used to implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 when executed by a processor.

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