Surface micro-texture machining method based on five-axis ultra-precision turning

Abstract

The present invention discloses a surface micro-texture processing method based on five-axis ultra-precision turning, which applies the technology of five-axis linkage CNC processing to ultra-precision turning, and can realize deterministic material removal processing on the surface of the workpiece; compared with the traditional method of producing surface micro-texture by laser processing and ultrasonic processing, the processing method can achieve more precise control of the micro-texture production, thereby obtaining better processing accuracy and surface quality, can meet the high-precision, interference-free deterministic processing of surface micro-texture, and is suitable for micro-texture processing of various complex surfaces.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of turning processing, and specifically relates to a surface micro-texture processing method based on five-axis ultra-precision turning. Background Art

[0002] Traditional tribology believes that the smoother the two surfaces in contact, the better their tribological performance. However, a large number of studies have shown that the smoother the surface, the better its tribological performance. On the contrary, surfaces with certain morphologies show better tribological performance. In recent years, the application of micro-nanoscale surface microtexture in friction and drag reduction has been widely studied. Surface microtexture refers to the processing of a microstructure array of pits, protrusions or grooves of a certain size and neatly arranged on the surface of a workpiece, thereby changing the performance of the workpiece surface. It shows good application prospects in anti-friction lubrication, biomedicine, super-hydrophobic surfaces, etc.

[0003] At present, the main surface micro-texturing processing methods include laser femtosecond / picosecond processing, ultrasonic processing, rolling processing, and electrospark processing. Among them, the more commonly used processing methods such as laser femtosecond / picosecond processing and ultrasonic processing can no longer meet the processing requirements in the surface micro-texturing processing of certain specific parts due to their processing accuracy and interference with the processing of complex surface parts. The existing surface micro-texturing processing methods have certain limitations and there are certain difficulties in the actual surface micro-texturing processing of complex parts. Therefore, it is necessary to explore a new surface micro-texturing processing method. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a surface micro-texturing processing method based on five-axis ultra-precision turning, which can meet the requirements of high-precision, interference-free deterministic processing of surface micro-texture and is suitable for micro-texturing processing of various complex surfaces.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A surface micro-texture machining method based on five-axis ultra-precision turning comprises the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Path planning: Plan the machining path according to the surface features and micro-texture size parameters of the workpiece, and solve the tool position coordinate information and tool axis vector of the machining path in the programming coordinate system;

[0008] Step 2: Post-processing: Based on the structure of the five-axis ultra-precision lathe, the tool position information obtained by path planning is post-processed to generate the G code required for five-axis ultra-precision turning processing;

[0009] Step 3: Test cutting: Install the test workpiece on the C-axis, perform a test cut on the test workpiece, and determine the X-axis and Z-axis coordinate positions of the turning tool when it is at the center of the C-axis during five-axis ultra-precision turning;

[0010] Step 4: Install the workpiece: Install the workpiece on the C-axis and adjust the installation orientation of the workpiece so that the programming coordinate system is consistent with the direction of the machine tool coordinate system;

[0011] Step 5: Establish the machining coordinate system: perform tool setting according to the programming coordinate system position during path planning to determine the Y-axis coordinate position of the machining origin; combine the Y-axis coordinate position of the machining origin with the X-axis and Z-axis coordinate positions obtained during trial cutting to obtain the zero point position of the machining coordinate system; establish the machining coordinate system in the five-axis ultra-precision machine tool control system;

[0012] Step 6: Turning: Start the five-axis ultra-precision lathe and import the G code into the CNC system of the five-axis ultra-precision lathe. Under the control of the CNC system, the turning tool of the five-axis ultra-precision lathe moves in the form of five-axis linkage. The turning tool tip cuts the workpiece, so that the material on the surface of the workpiece is deterministically removed according to the prescribed path, forming a structure with a set microscopic morphology, and finally obtaining the set surface microtexture on the surface of the workpiece.

[0013] Furthermore, in the step three, the method for determining the Z-axis coordinate position of the turning tool when it is at the center of the C-axis during five-axis ultra-precision turning is: make the turning tool overcut in the X-axis direction, perform a trial cut on the test workpiece by changing the Z-axis coordinate position of the turning tool, and observe the residual circle radius. When the residual circle radius is less than the first set threshold, record the Z-axis coordinate value at this time to obtain the Z-axis coordinate position of the turning tool when it is at the center of the C-axis during five-axis ultra-precision turning.

[0014] Furthermore, in the step three, the method for determining the X-axis coordinate position of the turning tool when it is at the axis center of the C-axis during five-axis ultra-precision turning is: make the turning tool overcut in the Z-axis direction, perform a trial cut on the test workpiece by changing the X-axis coordinate position of the turning tool, observe the residual circle radius, and when the residual circle radius is less than the second set threshold, record the X-axis coordinate value at this time to obtain the X-axis coordinate position of the turning tool when it is at the axis center of the C-axis during five-axis ultra-precision turning.

[0015] Furthermore, the trial-cut workpiece is a copper flat piece.

[0016] Furthermore, in the step one, the processing path is a spiral processing path.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0018] The present invention is a surface micro-texture processing method based on five-axis ultra-precision turning, which applies the technology of five-axis linkage CNC machining to ultra-precision turning, and can realize deterministic material removal processing on the surface of the workpiece; compared with the traditional surface micro-texture production by laser machining and ultrasonic machining, the machining method can achieve more precise control of the micro-texture production, thereby obtaining better machining accuracy and surface quality, which can meet the high-precision, interference-free deterministic machining of surface micro-texture, and is suitable for micro-texture machining of various complex surfaces. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and beneficial effects of the present invention clearer, the present invention provides the following drawings for illustration:

[0020] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the surface micro-texture machining method based on five-axis ultra-precision turning of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 A model diagram of a five-axis ultra-precision lathe suitable for the method of this embodiment.

[0022] Description of reference numerals:

[0023] 1-bed; 2-X axis; 3-Y axis; 4-C axis; 5-turning tool; 6-B axis; 7-Z axis. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments so that those skilled in the art can better understand the present invention and implement it, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0025] like Figure 1 As shown, the surface micro-texturing processing method based on five-axis ultra-precision turning in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0026] Step 1: Path planning: Plan the machining path according to the surface features and micro-texture size parameters of the workpiece, and solve the tool position coordinate information and tool axis vector of the machining path in the programming coordinate system. The machining path of this embodiment is a spiral machining path.

[0027] Step 2: Post-processing: Based on the structure of the five-axis ultra-precision lathe, the tool position information obtained by path planning is post-processed to generate the G code required for five-axis ultra-precision turning.

[0028] Step 3: Test cutting: Install the test cutting workpiece on the C axis, perform test cutting on the test cutting workpiece, and determine the coordinate positions of the X-axis and Z-axis when the turning tool is at the axis center of the C axis during five-axis ultra-precision turning. The test cutting workpiece in this embodiment is a copper flat part.

[0029] Specifically, the method for determining the Z-axis coordinate position of the turning tool when it is at the center of the C-axis during five-axis ultra-precision turning is: make the turning tool overcut in the X-axis direction, perform a test cut on the test workpiece by changing the Z-axis coordinate position of the turning tool, and observe the residual circle radius. When the residual circle radius is less than a first set threshold, record the Z-axis coordinate value at this time to obtain the Z-axis coordinate position of the turning tool when it is at the center of the C-axis during five-axis ultra-precision turning.

[0030] The method for determining the X-axis coordinate position of the turning tool when it is at the axis center of the C-axis during five-axis ultra-precision turning is as follows: make the turning tool overcut in the Z-axis direction, perform trial cutting on the test workpiece by changing the X-axis coordinate position of the turning tool, observe the residual circle radius, and when the residual circle radius is less than the second set threshold, record the X-axis coordinate value at this time to obtain the X-axis coordinate position of the turning tool when it is at the axis center of the C-axis during five-axis ultra-precision turning.

[0031] Step 4: Install the workpiece: Install the workpiece on the C axis and use the micrometer to center the workpiece. According to the position of the machine tool coordinate system, adjust the installation orientation of the workpiece so that the programming coordinate system is consistent with the direction of the machine tool coordinate system.

[0032] Step 5: Establish the machining coordinate system: Perform tool alignment according to the programming coordinate system position during path planning to determine the Y-axis coordinate position of the machining origin; combine the Y-axis coordinate position of the machining origin with the X-axis and Z-axis coordinate positions obtained during trial cutting to obtain the zero point position of the machining coordinate system; establish the machining coordinate system in the five-axis ultra-precision machine tool control system.

[0033] Step 6: Turning: Start the five-axis ultra-precision lathe and import the G code into the CNC system of the five-axis ultra-precision lathe. Under the control of the CNC system, the turning tool of the five-axis ultra-precision lathe moves in the form of five-axis linkage. The turning tool tip cuts the workpiece, so that the material on the surface of the workpiece is deterministically removed according to the prescribed path, forming a structure with a set microscopic morphology, and finally obtaining the set surface microtexture on the surface of the workpiece.

[0034] This embodiment is based on the surface micro-texture processing method of five-axis ultra-precision turning, and applies the technology of five-axis linkage CNC machining to ultra-precision turning, which can realize deterministic material removal processing on the surface of the workpiece; compared with the traditional method of producing surface micro-texture by laser machining and ultrasonic machining, this machining method can achieve more precise control of micro-texture production, thereby obtaining better machining accuracy and surface quality, which can meet the high-precision, interference-free deterministic machining of surface micro-texture, and is suitable for micro-texture machining of various complex surfaces.

[0035] The above-described embodiments are only preferred embodiments for fully illustrating the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Equivalent substitutions or changes made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the claims.

Claims

1. A surface micro-texturing processing method based on five-axis ultra-precision turning, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Path planning: Plan the machining path according to the surface features and micro-texture size parameters of the workpiece, and solve the tool position coordinate information and tool axis vector of the machining path in the programming coordinate system; Step 2: Post-processing: Based on the structure of the five-axis ultra-precision lathe, the tool position information obtained by path planning is post-processed to generate the G code required for five-axis ultra-precision turning processing; Step 3: Test cutting: Install the test workpiece on the C-axis, perform a test cut on the test workpiece, and determine the X-axis and Z-axis coordinate positions of the turning tool when it is at the center of the C-axis during five-axis ultra-precision turning; The method for determining the Z-axis coordinate position of the turning tool at the axis center of the C-axis during five-axis ultra-precision turning is as follows: the turning tool is overcut in the X-axis direction, a trial cutting is performed on the test workpiece by changing the Z-axis coordinate position of the turning tool, and the residual circle radius is observed. When the residual circle radius is less than a first set threshold, the Z-axis coordinate value at this time is recorded to obtain the Z-axis coordinate position of the turning tool at the axis center of the C-axis during five-axis ultra-precision turning; The method for determining the X-axis coordinate position of the turning tool at the axis center of the C-axis during five-axis ultra-precision turning is as follows: the turning tool is overcut in the Z-axis direction, a trial cutting is performed on the test workpiece by changing the X-axis coordinate position of the turning tool, and the residual circle radius is observed. When the residual circle radius is less than the second set threshold, the X-axis coordinate value at this time is recorded to obtain the X-axis coordinate position of the turning tool at the axis center of the C-axis during five-axis ultra-precision turning; Step 4: Install the workpiece: Install the workpiece on the C-axis and adjust the installation orientation of the workpiece so that the programming coordinate system is consistent with the direction of the machine tool coordinate system; Step 5: Establish the machining coordinate system: perform tool setting according to the programming coordinate system position during path planning to determine the Y-axis coordinate position of the machining origin; combine the Y-axis coordinate position of the machining origin with the X-axis and Z-axis coordinate positions obtained during trial cutting to obtain the zero point position of the machining coordinate system; establish the machining coordinate system in the five-axis ultra-precision machine tool control system; Step 6: Turning: Start the five-axis ultra-precision lathe and import the G code into the CNC system of the five-axis ultra-precision lathe. Under the control of the CNC system, the turning tool of the five-axis ultra-precision lathe moves in the form of five-axis linkage. The turning tool tip cuts the workpiece, so that the material on the surface of the workpiece is deterministically removed according to the prescribed path, forming a structure with a set microscopic morphology, and finally obtaining the set surface microtexture on the surface of the workpiece.

2. The surface micro-texturing processing method based on five-axis ultra-precision turning according to claim 1, characterized in that: The trial-cut workpiece is a copper flat piece.

3. The surface micro-texturing processing method based on five-axis ultra-precision turning according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 1, the processing path is a spiral processing path.

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