Wind speed monitoring device and method based on double-sphere single-mode fiber optic strain sensor

Abstract

The present invention discloses a wind speed monitoring device and method based on a double-ball single-mode fiber optic strain sensor. The device includes an interconnected three-blade airbag unit, a side transmission unit, a bottom transmission unit, and a double-ball single-mode fiber optic strain sensor. The method is that the light source emission part propagates the optical signal to the wind speed monitoring device through the optical fiber, and the wind speed monitoring device converts the wind speed into an optical signal and then propagates the signal to the signal conditioning part through the optical fiber. This device can work in strong electromagnetic interference and flammable and explosive environments, is not affected by the wind direction, and can also stably transmit signals in a strong wind speed state, and can realize the function of real-time monitoring of wind speed at multiple outdoor points. This method is simple to operate and highly practical.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of wind speed detection, and specifically to a wind speed monitoring device and method based on a double-sphere single-mode fiber strain sensor. Background Art

[0002] Wind speed detection technology is widely used in fields such as wind power generation, meteorological monitoring, navigation, and aerospace. Existing wind speed detection devices are mainly divided into two categories: one is active measurement devices such as electronic air bag type, hot wire type, and ultrasonic type relying on active power supply; the other is passive measurement devices based on fiber Bragg grating sensors. Currently, active measurement devices are commonly used. In active measurement devices, since active measurement devices mainly use electronic information processing technology to process signals, they are easily restricted by factors such as electromagnetic interference, unstable signal remote transmission, and limited data transmission capacity, resulting in great limitations in the application environment of active measurement devices. Especially in some strong magnetic and strong electric environments, the safety and reliability of electronic wind speed measurement equipment have great errors. In view of the problems existing in the above active wind speed measurement devices, in recent years, a passive wind speed measurement device has been proposed using the principle of optical fiber and grating sensing. For example, the patent "An Optical Fiber Type Wind Speed Detection Device" with Chinese patent application number "202020756517.4" provides an optical fiber type wind speed detection device using a cantilever beam and a Venturi tube. This device achieves the effect of no electronic devices at the detection site and can work in strong electromagnetic interference and flammable and explosive environments; when measuring wind speed, this device is greatly affected by the wind direction during detection, which is not conducive to accurate wind speed measurement; secondly, when the wind speed is too fast, the rapid change of the cantilever beam will cause unstable propagation of the light source in the optical fiber. Another example is the patent "A Passive Optical Fiber Wind Speed Measurement Device" with Chinese patent application number 201610867925.5, which provides a solution to the problems of wear, aging, and the reduction of the accuracy and reliability of wind speed measurement due to temperature changes in existing fiber Bragg grating wind speed measurement devices. This device also has the problem that when the wind speed is too fast, the rapid change of the cantilever beam will cause unstable propagation of the light source in the optical fiber. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a wind speed monitoring device and method based on a double-sphere single-mode fiber strain sensor in view of the deficiencies of the prior art. This device can work in strong electromagnetic interference and flammable and explosive environments, is not affected by the wind direction, and can also stably transmit signals under strong wind speed conditions, and can realize the function of real-time monitoring of wind speed at multiple outdoor points. This method is simple to operate and highly practical.

[0004] The technical solution for achieving the purpose of the present invention is as follows:

[0005] An anemometry device based on a double - sphere single - mode fiber strain sensor, comprising a three - leaf airbag unit, a side transmission unit, a bottom transmission unit, and a double - sphere single - mode fiber strain sensor. Among them,

[0006] The three - leaf airbag unit is provided with a three - leaf airbag rotating shaft and three airbags with the same structure symmetrically distributed at the upward end of the rotating shaft. The lower end of the three - leaf airbag rotating shaft is fixed on the three - leaf airbag base slider, and a rotating shaft gear is arranged in the middle of the three - leaf airbag rotating shaft;

[0007] The side transmission unit is provided with a first slide rail. At three - quarters of the length of the center line in the same direction as the sliding direction of the first slide rail on the first slide rail, a first baffle and a second baffle perpendicular to the center line are respectively arranged on both sides of the first slide rail. The distance between the first baffle and the second baffle is 0.5 cm - 1 cm. A first fixed pulley is arranged at the center point of the proximal end of the first slide rail from the first baffle and the second baffle. A first rack slider is arranged on one side of the slide rail in the direction of the distal end of the first slide rail from the first baffle and the second baffle. The first rack slider can slide on the first slide rail between one - tenth of the end in the direction away from the first fixed pulley towards the first fixed pulley and the first baffle and the second baffle. The first rack slider meshes with the rotating shaft gear, and a static pull rope is arranged on the first rack slider;

[0008] The bottom transmission unit is provided with a second slide rail. The three - leaf airbag base slider is vertically and slidably fixed at a position near one end of the second slide rail. A second fixed pulley is arranged at the center point of the other end of the second slide rail, that is, the end away from the three - leaf airbag base slider. On both sides of the center point of the center line in the same direction as the sliding direction of the second slide rail on the second slide rail, a third baffle and a fourth baffle are respectively arranged. The distance between the third baffle and the fourth baffle is not less than 2 cm. The third baffle is on the side of the second slide rail close to the three - leaf airbag base slider, and the fourth baffle is on the side of the second slide rail close to the second fixed pulley. A second slider that can slide between the three - leaf airbag base slider and the third baffle is arranged on the second slide rail, and a third slider that can slide between the fourth baffle and the second fixed pulley is arranged on the second slide rail. A connecting restraint light rod is arranged between the three - leaf airbag base slider and the second slider. The three - leaf airbag base slider and the second slider slide synchronously under the action of the restraint light rod. A first fastener and a second fastener are respectively arranged on the second slider and the third slider. The double - sphere single - mode fiber strain sensor is fixed on the second slider and the third slider through the first fastener and the second fastener. The static pull rope passes through the gap between the first baffle and the second baffle, bypasses the first fixed pulley, and then bypasses the second fixed pulley and is fixed on the third slider.

[0009] The structure of the double - sphere single - mode fiber strain sensor is to discharge and melt one end of two optical fibers into spherical bodies with similar outer shapes and sizes, and then fuse the two fused spherical bodies with a 1 - cm - long single - mode optical fiber into a whole optical fiber.

[0010] The air bag adopts a three - leaf semi - circular air bag. The three - leaf semi - circular air bag can increase the wind - receiving area and wind - receiving force. The wind - receiving force is transmitted to the fiber optic strain sensor through the transmission device to realize real - time signal transmission.

[0011] The structure of the double - sphere - single - mode fiber optic strain sensor is that one end of two sections of optical fiber is fused by discharging to form spherical bodies with similar outer shapes and sizes, and then the two fused spherical bodies are spliced into a whole optical fiber with a 1 - cm - long single - mode optical fiber. The strain - optical power linear relationship of the double - sphere - single - mode structure fiber optic strain sensor can be measured through strain testing.

[0012] In this technical solution, when the wind direction makes the three air bags in the three - leaf air bag unit rotate clockwise, the rotating shaft gear will also rotate clockwise. However, the first rack slider is fixed under the combined action of the first baffle and the second baffle. Due to the clockwise rotation of the rotating shaft gear and its meshing with the first rack slider, it will drive the three - leaf air bag base slider to have a movement trend towards the end near the second slide rail. Since the constraint light rod connects the three - leaf air bag base slider and the second slider, the second slider will be subjected to a pulling force in the direction of the three - leaf air bag base slider. Also, because the double - sphere - single - mode structure fiber optic strain sensor is fixed on the second slider and the third slider through the first fastener and the second fastener, and the third slider is restricted by the fourth baffle and cannot move, the double - sphere - single - mode structure fiber optic strain sensor will be subjected to the pulling force of the second slider in the direction of the three - leaf air bag base slider and undergo a certain small movement, causing the double - sphere - single - mode structure fiber optic strain sensor to generate corresponding strain;

[0013] When the wind direction makes the three air bags in the three - leaf air bag unit rotate counterclockwise, the rotating shaft gear will also rotate counterclockwise and drive the three - leaf air bag base slider to have a movement trend towards the second fixed pulley. Since the constraint light rod connects the three - leaf air bag base slider and the second slider, and the second slider is restricted by the third baffle and cannot move, the three - leaf air bag base slider is fixed at this time, while the rack slider will have a movement trend away from the first fixed pulley. Also, because the double - sphere - single - mode structure fiber optic strain sensor is fixed on the second slider and the third slider through the first fastener and the second fastener, and one end of the third slider is connected to one end of the rack slider through a static pull rope bypassing the second fixed pulley and the first fixed pulley. Due to the movement trend of the rack slider away from the first fixed pulley and the existence of the static pull rope, the third slider will be subjected to a pulling force towards the second fixed pulley and undergo a certain small movement at this time. Therefore, the double - sphere - single - mode structure fiber optic strain sensor will receive the pulling force of the third slider towards the second fixed pulley due to the fixing effect of the fasteners and the third slider, causing the double - sphere - single - mode structure fiber optic strain sensor to generate corresponding strain.

[0014] A wind speed monitoring method based on a double-sphere single-mode fiber strain sensor, using the above-mentioned wind speed monitoring device based on a double-sphere single-mode fiber strain sensor, the method comprising the following steps:

[0015] 1) Connect the wind speed monitoring device based on the double-sphere single-mode fiber strain sensor to the light source emission device and the signal demodulation device. The light source emission device transmits an optical signal to the wind speed monitoring device based on the double-sphere single-mode fiber strain sensor. Among them, the light source emission device continuously and stably outputs an optical signal with an optical power of 7.5 dBm. The demodulation device receives the optical signal of the wind speed monitoring device and demodulates the optical power corresponding to a wavelength of 1458 nm. According to the magnitude of the optical power, the strain magnitude corresponding to the double-sphere single-mode structure fiber strain sensor can be known, and further, according to the transmission principle of the wind speed monitoring device, the wind speed magnitude at this time can be known;

[0016] 2) The wind speed monitoring device based on the double-sphere single-mode fiber strain sensor senses the wind speed through the airbag in the three-blade airbag unit. After sensing the wind speed, the three-blade airbag rotating shaft and the rotating shaft gear will rotate synchronously. According to the different directions of rotation of the three-blade airbag rotating shaft, the torque generated by its rotation can transmit the sensed wind speed to the double-sphere single-mode fiber strain sensor through the side transmission unit or the bottom transmission unit. Finally, the wind speed can be converted into an optical signal and transmitted to the signal demodulation device. After sensing the wind speed, the wind speed is converted into an optical signal and transmitted to the signal demodulation device;

[0017] 3) The signal demodulation device demodulates the wind speed magnitude at this time.

[0018] The light source emission part can continuously and stably transmit a light source with an optical power of 7.5 dBm to the optical fiber. After passing through the optical fiber, the light source enters the double-sphere single-mode fiber strain sensor in the wind speed monitoring device through the INPUT port of the wind speed monitoring device.

[0019] At this time, the air sacs in the three-blade air sac unit of the wind speed monitoring device sense the wind speed. When the wind speed starts to change, the force per unit area of the air sac of the wind speed monitoring device will change with the wind speed, and the rotation angle of the three-blade air sac rotating shaft in the clockwise or counterclockwise direction will change accordingly. Through the above two different transmission principles of the wind speed monitoring device, the force received by the air sac will ultimately be transmitted to the double-ball - single-mode fiber optic strain sensor. At this time, the double-ball - single-mode fiber optic strain sensor generates corresponding strain that changes with the force received by the air sac. After the double-ball - single-mode fiber optic strain sensor generates strain, it will have a specific impact on the power of the transmitted optical signal. Finally, the optical signal is transmitted through the optical fiber from the OUTPUT port of the wind speed monitoring device to the signal demodulation part. Then, the signal demodulation part receives the optical signal of the wind speed monitoring device and demodulates the optical power corresponding to the wavelength of 1458 nm. According to the magnitude of the optical power, the magnitude of the strain corresponding to the double-ball - single-mode fiber optic strain sensor can be known. From the magnitude of the strain corresponding to the double-ball - single-mode fiber optic strain sensor and according to the transmission principle of the wind speed monitoring device, the wind speed at this time can be known.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] 1. By adopting a three-blade semi-circular air sac, the wind-receiving area and wind-receiving force can be increased. The wind-receiving force is transmitted to the fiber optic strain sensor through the transmission device to realize real-time signal transmission;

[0022] 2. Whether the three-blade air sac rotates forward or backward, the wind-receiving force can be transmitted to the fiber optic strain sensor in a timely manner, regardless of the wind direction. This makes the device not only able to work in strong electromagnetic interference and flammable and explosive environments, but also able to stably transmit signals under strong wind speed conditions, and can realize the function of multi-point real-time wind speed monitoring outdoors.

[0023] This device can work in strong electromagnetic interference and flammable and explosive environments, is not affected by the wind direction, and can also stably transmit signals under strong wind speed conditions, and can realize the function of multi-point real-time wind speed monitoring outdoors. This method is simple to operate and highly practical. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a connection schematic diagram of the monitoring system in the embodiment;

[0025] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the wind speed detection device in the embodiment;

[0026] Figure 3 It is an enlarged schematic diagram of the fiber structure in the fiber optic strain sensor in the embodiment, where 3-1 and 3-2 are spherical fiber segments;

[0027] Figure 4 It is a flow schematic diagram of the monitoring method in the embodiment.

[0028] In the figure, 1. three - leaf airbag unit; 2. side transmission unit; 3. bottom transmission unit; 4. double - sphere - single - mode fiber optic strain sensor; 5. three - leaf airbag rotating shaft; 6. airbag; 7. three - leaf airbag base slider; 8. rotating shaft gear; 9. first slide rail; 10. first baffle; 11. second baffle; 12. first fixed pulley; 13. first rack slider; 14. static pull rope; 15. second slide rail; 16. second fixed pulley; 17. third baffle; 18. fourth baffle; 19. second slider; 20. third slider; 21. first fastener; 22. second fastener; 23. INPUT optical signal input port; 24. OUTPUT optical signal output port, 3 - 1. first spherical body; 3 - 2. second spherical body. Specific embodiments

[0029] The following further elaborates on the content of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but does not limit the present invention.

[0030] Embodiment: Refer to Figure 2 , a wind speed monitoring device based on a double - sphere - single - mode fiber optic strain sensor, including a three - leaf airbag unit 1, a side transmission unit 2, a bottom transmission unit 3, and a double - sphere - single - mode fiber optic strain sensor 4, wherein,

[0031] The three - leaf airbag unit 1 is provided with a three - leaf airbag rotating shaft 5 and three identically structured airbags 6 symmetrically distributed at the upward end of the rotating shaft 5. The lower end of the three - leaf airbag rotating shaft 5 is fixed on the three - leaf airbag base slider 7, and a rotating shaft gear 8 is provided in the middle of the three - leaf airbag rotating shaft 5;

[0032] In this example, the side transmission unit 2 is provided with a first slide rail 9. At three - quarters of the length of the center line in the same sliding direction as the first slide rail 9 on the first slide rail 9, a first baffle 10 and a second baffle 11 perpendicular to the center line are respectively provided on both sides of the first slide rail 9. The distance between the first baffle 10 and the second baffle 11 is 0.5 cm - 1 cm. A first fixed pulley 12 is provided at the center point of the proximal end of the first slide rail 9 from the first baffle 10 and the second baffle 11. On one side of the slide rail in the direction of the distal end of the first slide rail 9 from the first baffle 10 and the second baffle 11, a first rack slider 13 is provided. The first rack slider 13 can slide on the first slide rail 9 between one - tenth of the distance from the end in the direction away from the first fixed pulley 12 towards the first fixed pulley 12 to the first baffle 10 and the second baffle 11. The first rack slider 13 meshes with the rotating shaft gear 8, and a static pull rope 14 is provided on the first rack slider 13;

[0033] In this example, the bottom drive unit 3 is provided with a second slide rail 15. The slider of the three-lobe airbag base 7 is vertically and slidably fixed at a position near one end of the second slide rail 15. At the center point of the other end of the second slide rail 15, i.e., the end away from the slider of the three-lobe airbag base 7, a second fixed pulley 16 is provided. On both sides of the center point of the center line of the second slide rail 15 that is consistent with the sliding direction of the second slide rail 15, a third baffle 17 and a fourth baffle 18 are respectively provided. The distance between the third baffle 17 and the fourth baffle 18 is not less than 2 cm. The third baffle 17 is on the side of the second slide rail 15 close to the slider of the three-lobe airbag base 7, and the fourth baffle 18 is on the side of the second slide rail 15 close to the second fixed pulley 16. A second slider 19 that can slide between the slider of the three-lobe airbag base 7 and the third baffle 17 is provided on the second slide rail 15, and a third slider 20 that can slide between the fourth baffle 18 and the second fixed pulley 16 is provided on the second slide rail 15. A connecting restraint light rod is provided between the slider of the three-lobe airbag base 7 and the second slider 19. The slider of the three-lobe airbag base 7 and the second slider 19 slide synchronously under the action of the restraint light rod. First fasteners 21 and second fasteners 22 are respectively provided on the second slider 19 and the third slider 20. The double-ball single-mode fiber optic strain sensor 4 is fixed on the second slider 19 and the third slider 20 through the first fasteners 21 and the second fasteners 22. The static pull rope 14 passes through the gap between the first baffle 10 and the second baffle 11, bypasses the first fixed pulley 12, and then bypasses the second fixed pulley 16 and is fixed on the third slider 20.

[0034] In this example, the airbag 6 adopts a three-lobe semi-circular airbag. The three-lobe semi-circular airbag can increase the wind-receiving area and wind-receiving force, and the wind-receiving force is transmitted to the fiber optic strain sensor through the transmission device to realize real-time signal transmission.

[0035] The structure of the double-ball single-mode fiber optic strain sensor 4 in this example is to discharge and melt one end of two sections of optical fibers into a first spherical body 3-1 and a second spherical body 3-2 with similar outer shapes and sizes, and then fuse the fused first spherical body 3-1 and second spherical body 3-2 with a 1-cm-long single-mode optical fiber into a whole optical fiber. After the structure of the double-ball single-mode fiber optic strain sensor 4 is prepared, one end is connected to the INPUT optical signal input port 23, and the strain-optical power linear relationship of the double-ball single-mode structure fiber optic strain sensor can be measured through strain testing at the OUTPUT optical signal output port 24.

[0036] In this example, when the wind direction causes the three air bags 6 in the three-blade air bag unit 1 to rotate clockwise, the rotating shaft gear 8 will also rotate clockwise. However, the first rack slider 13 remains stationary under the combined action of the first baffle 10 and the second baffle 11. Due to the clockwise rotation of the rotating shaft gear 8 and its meshing with the first rack slider 13, the three-blade air bag base slider 7 has a tendency to move towards the end near the second slide rail 15. Since the restraining light rod connects the three-blade air bag base slider 7 and the second slider 19, the second slider 19 will be subjected to a pulling force in the direction towards the three-blade air bag base slider 7. Also, because the double-ball - single-mode structure fiber optic strain sensor 4 is fixed to the second slider 19 and the third slider 20 through the first fastener 21 and the second fastener 22, and the third slider 20 is restricted by the fourth baffle 18 and cannot move, the double-ball - single-mode structure fiber optic strain sensor 4 will be subjected to the pulling force from the second slider 19 in the direction towards the three-blade air bag base slider 7 and will undergo a certain small movement, causing the double-ball - single-mode structure fiber optic strain sensor 4 to generate a corresponding strain.

[0037] In this example, when the wind direction causes the three air bags 6 in the three-blade air bag unit 1 to rotate counterclockwise, the rotating shaft gear 8 will also rotate counterclockwise and drive the three-blade air bag base slider 7 to have a tendency to move towards the second fixed pulley 16. Since the restraining light rod connects the three-blade air bag base slider 7 and the second slider 19, and the second slider 19 of the optical fiber is restricted by the third baffle 17 and cannot move, the three-blade air bag base slider 7 remains stationary at this time, while the rack slider 13 will have a tendency to move away from the first fixed pulley 13. Also, because the double-ball - single-mode structure fiber optic strain sensor 4 is fixed to the second slider 19 and the third slider 20 through the first fastener 21 and the second fastener 22, and one end of the third slider 20 is connected to one end of the rack slider 13 through the static pull rope 14 bypassing the second fixed pulley 16 and the first fixed pulley 12. Due to the tendency of the rack slider 13 to move away from the first fixed pulley 13 and the existence of the static pull rope 14, the third slider 20 will be subjected to a pulling force towards the second fixed pulley 16 and will undergo a certain small movement at this time. Therefore, the double-ball - single-mode structure fiber optic strain sensor 4 will receive the pulling force from the third slider 20 towards the second fixed pulley 16 due to the fixing action of the fastener 22 and the third slider 20, causing the double-ball - single-mode structure fiber optic strain sensor 4 to generate a corresponding strain.

[0038] A wind speed monitoring method based on a double-ball - single-mode fiber optic strain sensor, using the above-mentioned wind speed monitoring device based on a double-ball - single-mode fiber optic strain sensor, as Figure 1 、 Figure 4 shown, the method includes the following steps:

[0039] 1) Connect the wind speed monitoring device based on the double - sphere single - mode fiber strain sensor to the light source emission device and the signal demodulation device. The light source emission device transmits an optical signal to the INPUT optical signal input port 23 of the wind speed monitoring device based on the double - sphere single - mode fiber strain sensor. Among them, the light source emission device continuously and stably outputs an optical signal with an optical power of 7.5 dBm. The demodulation device receives the optical signal of the wind speed monitoring device and demodulates the optical power corresponding to the wavelength of 1458 nm. According to the magnitude of the optical power, the strain magnitude corresponding to the double - sphere single - mode structure fiber strain sensor can be known, and then according to the transmission principle of the wind speed monitoring device, the wind speed magnitude at this time can be known;

[0040] 2) The wind speed monitoring device based on the double - sphere single - mode fiber strain sensor senses the wind speed through the airbag 6 in the three - blade airbag unit 1. After sensing the wind speed, the three - blade airbag rotating shaft 5 and the rotating shaft gear 8 will rotate synchronously. According to the different rotations of the three - blade airbag rotating shaft 5, the torque generated by its rotation can transmit the sensed wind speed to the double - sphere single - mode fiber strain sensor through the side transmission unit 2 or the bottom transmission unit 3. Finally, the wind speed can be converted into an optical signal and transmitted to the signal demodulation device through the OUTPUT optical signal output port 24, and after sensing the wind speed, the wind speed is converted into an optical signal and transmitted to the signal demodulation device;

[0041] 3) The signal demodulation device demodulates the wind speed magnitude at this time.

[0042] In this example, the light source emission part can continuously and stably transmit a light source with an optical power of 7.5 dBm to the optical fiber. After passing through the optical fiber, the light source enters the double - sphere single - mode fiber strain sensor in the wind speed monitoring device through the INPUT optical signal input port 23 of the wind speed monitoring device.

[0043] At this time, the airbag 6 in the three - blade airbag unit 1 of the wind speed monitoring device senses the wind speed. When the wind speed starts to change, the force per unit area of the airbag 6 of the wind speed monitoring device will change with the wind speed. Correspondingly, the clockwise or counterclockwise rotation angle of the three - blade airbag rotating shaft 5 will change. Through the two different rotation transmission principles of the wind speed monitoring device, finally, the force received by the airbag 6 will be transmitted to the double - sphere single - mode fiber strain sensor 4. At this time, the double - sphere single - mode fiber strain sensor 4 generates a corresponding strain that changes with the force received by the airbag 6. After the double - sphere single - mode fiber strain sensor 4 generates a strain, it will have a specific impact on the power of the transmitted optical signal. Finally, the optical signal is transmitted from the OUTPUT optical signal output port 24 of the wind speed monitoring device to the signal demodulation part through the optical fiber. Then, the signal demodulation part receives the optical signal of the wind speed monitoring device and demodulates the optical power corresponding to the wavelength of 1458 nm. According to the magnitude of the optical power, the strain magnitude corresponding to the double - sphere single - mode fiber strain sensor 4 can be known. From the strain magnitude corresponding to the double - sphere single - mode fiber strain sensor 4, and then according to the transmission principle of the wind speed monitoring device, the wind speed magnitude at this time can be known.

[0044] In this example, the fiber optic strain sensor has the characteristics of being able to achieve passive operation, being resistant to strong electric and magnetic interference, having a small volume, being light in weight, being corrosion-resistant and high-temperature resistant. It can not only work in environments with strong electromagnetic interference, flammable and explosive conditions, but also stably transmit signals under strong wind speed conditions, and can realize the function of real-time monitoring of wind speed at multiple outdoor points.

Claims

1. An anemometry device based on a double-sphere single-mode fiber strain sensor, characterized in that, It includes a three - leaf airbag unit, a side drive unit, a bottom drive unit, and a double - ball - single - mode fiber optic strain sensor. Among them, the three - leaf airbag unit is provided with a three - leaf airbag rotating shaft and three airbags with the same structure symmetrically distributed at the upward end of the rotating shaft. The lower end of the three - leaf airbag rotating shaft is fixed on the three - leaf airbag base slider, and a rotating shaft gear is provided in the middle of the three - leaf airbag rotating shaft; the side drive unit is provided with a first slide rail. At three - quarters of the length of the center line in the same direction as the sliding direction of the first slide rail on the first slide rail, a first baffle and a second baffle perpendicular to the center line are respectively provided on both sides of the first slide rail. The distance between the first baffle and the second baffle is 0.5 cm - 1 cm. A first fixed pulley is provided at the center point of the proximal end of the first slide rail from the first baffle and the second baffle. On one side of the slide rail in the direction of the distal end of the first slide rail from the first baffle and the second baffle, a first rack slider is provided. The first rack slider can slide on the first slide rail between one - tenth of the end in the direction away from the first fixed pulley towards the first fixed pulley and the first baffle and the second baffle. The first rack slider meshes with the rotating shaft gear, and a static pull rope is provided on the first rack slider; the bottom drive unit is provided with a second slide rail. The three - leaf airbag base slider is vertically and slidably fixed at a position near one end of the second slide rail. At the center point of the other end of the second slide rail, that is, the end away from the three - leaf airbag base slider, a second fixed pulley is provided. On both sides of the center point of the center line in the same direction as the sliding direction of the second slide rail on the second slide rail, a third baffle and a fourth baffle are respectively provided. The distance between the third baffle and the fourth baffle is not less than 2 cm. The third baffle is on the side of the second slide rail close to the three - leaf airbag base slider, and the fourth baffle is on the side of the second slide rail close to the second fixed pulley. A second slider that can slide between the three - leaf airbag base slider and the third baffle is provided on the second slide rail, and a third slider that can slide between the fourth baffle and the second fixed pulley is provided on the second slide rail. A connecting restraint light rod is provided between the three - leaf airbag base slider and the second slider. The three - leaf airbag base slider and the second slider slide synchronously under the action of the restraint light rod. A first fastener and a second fastener are respectively provided on the second slider and the third slider. The double - ball - single - mode fiber optic strain sensor is fixed on the second slider and the third slider through the first fastener and the second fastener. The static pull rope passes through the gap between the first baffle and the second baffle, bypasses the first fixed pulley, and then bypasses the second fixed pulley and is fixed on the third slider; the structure of the double - ball - single - mode fiber optic strain sensor is to discharge and fuse one end of two optical fibers into spherical bodies with similar external shapes and sizes, and then fuse the two fused spherical bodies with a 1 - cm - long single - mode optical fiber into a whole optical fiber; the airbag adopts a three - leaf semi - circular airbag.

2. An anemometry method based on a double-sphere single-mode fiber strain sensor, using the anemometry device based on a double-sphere single-mode fiber strain sensor described in claim 1, the method comprising the following steps: 1) Connect the anemometry device based on a double-sphere single-mode fiber strain sensor to a light source emission device and a signal demodulation device, and the light source emission device propagates an optical signal to the anemometry device based on a double-sphere single-mode fiber strain sensor, wherein, The light source emission device continuously and stably outputs an optical signal with an optical power of 7.5 dBm. The demodulation device receives the optical signal of the wind speed monitoring device, demodulates the optical power corresponding to the wavelength of 1458 nm, and determines the strain magnitude corresponding to the double-sphere single-mode fiber strain sensor based on the magnitude of the optical power. Then, based on the transmission principle of the wind speed monitoring device, the wind speed magnitude at this time can be determined; 2) The wind speed monitoring device based on the double-sphere single-mode fiber strain sensor senses the wind speed through the airbag in the three-blade airbag unit. After sensing the wind speed, the three-blade airbag rotating shaft and the rotating shaft gear will rotate synchronously. According to the different rotation directions of the three-blade airbag rotating shaft, the torque generated by its rotation can transmit the sensed wind speed to the double-sphere single-mode fiber strain sensor through the side transmission unit or the bottom transmission unit, and finally convert the wind speed into an optical signal and transmit it to the signal demodulation device; 3) The signal demodulation device demodulates the wind speed magnitude at this time.

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