Method and apparatus for spatiotemporal modulation of spin-orbit coupling distribution structure

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of space-time modulation spin-orbit coupling distribution structure method and device, and the device includes vacuum structure and laser generation structure;Vacuum structure is used to capture control supercold atomic gas and target supercold atomic gas, wherein there is spin-exchange interaction between control supercold atomic gas and target supercold atomic gas;Laser generation structure is used to generate multiple different laser beams in vacuum structure, to prepare the optical potential well of control supercold atomic gas, the density distribution of control supercold atomic gas is regulated, to generate the space-time modulation spin-orbit coupling intensity distribution in target supercold atomic gas.The density of control supercold atomic gas is directly regulated by optical potential well in the application, and the effective spin-orbit coupling in target supercold atomic gas is indirectly regulated, and the device structure provided by the application is simple and dynamically adjustable, and strong in applicability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ultracold atomic quantum gas technology, and in particular to a method and apparatus for temporally controlling a spin-orbit coupling distribution structure. Specifically, it relates to a method and apparatus for inducing a spacetime-dependent effective spin-orbit coupling effect within a target ultracold atomic gas by changing and controlling the density of the ultracold atomic gas. Background Technology

[0002] Quantum states and phenomena have fascinated researchers since the early 20th century. Beyond the inherent interest in these novel phenomena, the application of quantum-related concepts has led to the invention of modern quantum-related technologies such as lasers, magnetic resonance imaging, quantum gas clocks, and superconducting quantum interference devices. Ultracold atom quantum gases, as simple, primitive, and easily controlled quantum systems, are increasingly attracting attention from various research communities. The emergence of synthetic gauge fields in neutral quantum gases allows ultracold atom platforms to simulate novel quantum states, particularly quantum phenomena related to spin-orbit coupling. Quantum gases with spin-orbit coupled bosons and fermions have been experimentally realized. These achievements make it easy to study intriguing quantum states such as the quantum spin Hall effect, supersolids, topological superconductivity, and superfluids. All of these states have the potential to find applications in future quantum technologies. For example, Majorana fermions exhibit statistical behavior closer to that of non-Abelian anyons, which is crucial for developing universal quantum gates with weaving and manipulation capabilities.

[0003] However, in artificial spin-orbit coupling two-photon Raman transition schemes, small alkali atoms tend to suffer from photothermal heating. The heating rate is the same as the Raman coupling ratio, making it difficult to suppress the heating. Furthermore, achieving time-controlled spin-orbit coupling is also a significant challenge in the field of ultracold atomic gases.

[0004] To address this challenge, this invention proposes to achieve a spacetime-dependent spin-orbit coupling effect within a target ultracold atom by using spin-exchange interactions as a medium and controlling the density of the ultracold atom gas. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a method and apparatus for controlling the spin-orbit coupling distribution structure in a time-controlled manner. The density of the ultracold atomic gas is directly controlled by an optical potential well, and the effective spin-orbit coupling in the target ultracold atomic gas is indirectly controlled. The apparatus provided by the present invention has a simple structure, is dynamically adjustable, and has strong applicability.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a device for controlling a spin-orbit coupled distribution structure in a time-spaced manner, the device comprising a vacuum structure and a laser generation structure;

[0007] A vacuum structure for capturing and controlling ultracold atomic gases and target ultracold atomic gases, wherein there is a spin-exchange interaction between the controlled ultracold atomic gases and the target ultracold atomic gases;

[0008] A laser generating structure is used to generate multiple different laser beams in a vacuum structure to prepare an optical potential well for controlling ultracold atomic gas. The spatiotemporal density distribution of the ultracold atomic gas is controlled to generate a spatiotemporally controlled spin-orbit coupling intensity distribution in the target ultracold atomic gas.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the device also includes a gas deceleration structure for decelerating the control ultracold atomic gas and the target ultracold atomic gas before the vacuum structure captures them.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the ultracold atom is controlled to be an alkali metal atom with a negligible heating effect, while the target ultracold atom is an alkali metal atom with a significant heating effect. Specifically, the ratio of the Raman light's Rabi frequency to its inelastic scattering rate is no greater than 10. 3 The heating effect is significant.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the laser generating structure includes a laser source and multiple laser beam ports, wherein the multiple laser beam ports include a first laser beam port, a second laser beam port, a third laser beam port, a fourth laser beam port, and a fifth laser beam port;

[0012] The laser source generates a first laser beam and a second laser beam that move in opposite directions along the y and z coordinate axes, respectively. The first laser beam and the second laser beam control the target ultracold atomic gas and the control ultracold atomic gas to be confined in the optical potential well formed by the laser, so as to realize the one-dimensional rod-shaped structure of the target ultracold atomic gas and the control ultracold atomic gas in the x direction.

[0013] The laser source generates a third laser beam and a fourth laser beam that propagate relative to each other in the x-direction at the third laser beam port and the fourth laser beam port, respectively. The third laser beam and the fourth laser beam control the density distribution of the ultracold gas and the target ultracold atomic gas in the x-direction.

[0014] The laser source generates a fifth laser beam at the fifth laser beam port. This fifth laser beam is used to couple the spin and momentum degrees of freedom in the ultracold atomic gas through Raman coupling.

[0015] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for controlling a spin-orbit coupled distribution structure in a time-varying manner, applied to an apparatus as described in any embodiment of the first aspect, the method comprising:

[0016] The controlled ultracold atomic gas and the target ultracold atomic gas are captured by a vacuum structure, wherein there is a spin-exchange interaction between the controlled ultracold atomic gas and the target ultracold atomic gas;

[0017] Multiple different laser beams are generated in a vacuum structure using a laser generation structure to prepare an optical potential well for controlling ultracold atomic gas. The spatiotemporal density distribution of the ultracold atomic gas is controlled to generate a spatiotemporally controlled spin-orbit coupling intensity distribution in the target ultracold atomic gas.

[0018] In one possible implementation, the method further includes, prior to the trapping and control of the ultracold atomic gas and the target ultracold atomic gas in the vacuum structure:

[0019] A gas deceleration structure is used to decelerate both the controlled ultracold atomic gas and the target ultracold atomic gas.

[0020] In one possible implementation, the ultracold atom is controlled to be an alkali metal atom with a negligible heating effect, while the target ultracold atom is an alkali metal atom with a significant heating effect. Specifically, the ratio of the Raman light's Rabi frequency to its inelastic scattering rate is no greater than 10. 3 The heating effect is significant.

[0021] In one possible implementation, the multiple different laser beams include a first laser beam, a second laser beam, a third laser beam, a fourth laser beam, and a fifth laser beam;

[0022] Using a laser source, a first laser beam and a second laser beam are generated that travel in opposite directions on the y and z coordinate axes, respectively. The first laser beam and the second laser beam control the target ultracold atomic gas and the control ultracold atomic gas to be confined in the optical potential well formed by the laser, so as to realize a one-dimensional rod-shaped structure in the x direction of the target ultracold atomic gas and the control ultracold atomic gas.

[0023] A laser source is used to generate a third laser beam and a fourth laser beam that propagate relative to each other in the x-direction at the third laser beam port and the fourth laser beam port, respectively. The third laser beam and the fourth laser beam are used to control the density distribution of the ultracold gas and the target ultracold atomic gas in the x-direction.

[0024] A fifth laser beam is generated at the fifth laser beam port using a laser source. This fifth laser beam is used to couple the spin and momentum degrees of freedom in an ultracold atomic gas via Raman coupling.

[0025] Thirdly, the present invention also provides an electronic device, including a processor, a communication interface, a memory, and a communication bus, wherein the processor, the communication interface, and the memory communicate with each other through the communication bus;

[0026] Memory, used to store computer programs;

[0027] When a processor executes a program stored in memory, it implements the steps of a method for controlling a spin-orbit coupled distribution structure as described in any embodiment of the second aspect.

[0028] Fourthly, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of a method for controlling a spin-orbit coupled distribution structure as described in any embodiment of the second aspect.

[0029] The technical solutions provided in this application have the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0030] This application provides a method and apparatus for temporally controlled spin-orbit coupling distribution structure. The apparatus includes a vacuum structure and a laser generation structure. The vacuum structure is used to capture and control an ultracold atomic gas and a target ultracold atomic gas, wherein a spin-exchange interaction exists between the controlled ultracold atomic gas and the target ultracold atomic gas. The laser generation structure is used to generate multiple different laser beams in the vacuum structure to prepare an optical potential well for the controlled ultracold atomic gas, thereby controlling the spatiotemporal density distribution of the controlled ultracold atomic gas to generate a temporally controlled spin-orbit coupling intensity distribution in the target ultracold atomic gas. In the spin-orbit coupling scheme induced by spin-exchange interaction, only the first type of ultracold atomic gas achieves direct coupling between spin and orbital degrees of freedom through a Raman beam. Therefore, the second type of ultracold atomic gas will not experience a heating effect due to the Raman light field. Furthermore, an effective temporally controlled spin-orbit coupling effect can be achieved within the target ultracold atom by controlling the density of the ultracold atomic gas. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a device structure for controlling a spin-orbit coupling distribution structure in a time-controlled manner, as provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 2 A schematic diagram illustrating the induction of non-uniform spin-orbit coupling distribution in the target ultracold atomic gas (dark gray) to control the density distribution of ultracold atomic gas (light gray);

[0033] Figure 3 A schematic diagram illustrating the induction of non-uniform spin-orbit coupling distribution in the target ultracold atomic gas (dark gray) to control the density distribution of ultracold atomic gas (light gray);

[0034] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a method for controlling a spin-orbit coupled distribution structure in a time-controlled manner;

[0035] Figure 5A schematic diagram of a method for controlling a spin-orbit coupled distribution structure in a time-controlled manner;

[0036] Figure 6 The following are density distribution diagrams of controlled and targeted ultracold atomic gases in Embodiment 1 of the present invention: (a) and (b) are the density distributions of the upper and lower spin components of the controlled ultracold atomic gas in the zero momentum phase, respectively; (c) and (d) are the density distribution diagrams of the upper and lower spin components of the plane wave phase induced by the targeted ultracold atomic gas; (e) and (f) are the density distribution diagrams of the upper and lower spin components of the stripe phase induced by the targeted ultracold atomic gas; and (g) and (h) are the density distribution diagrams of the upper and lower spin components of the zero momentum phase induced by the targeted ultracold atomic gas.

[0037] Figure 7 The following are density distribution diagrams of controlled and targeted ultracold atomic gases in Embodiment 2 of the present invention: (a) and (b) are the periodic density distributions of the upper and lower spin components of the controlled ultracold atomic gas in the zero momentum phase, respectively; (c) and (d) are the periodic density distribution diagrams of the upper and lower spin components of the striped phase induced by the targeted ultracold atomic gas; (e) and (f) are the periodic density distribution diagrams of the upper and lower spin components of the plane wave phase and the zero momentum phase induced by the targeted ultracold atomic gas; and (g) and (h) are the periodic density distribution diagrams of the upper and lower spin components of the zero momentum phase and the striped phase induced by the targeted ultracold atomic gas.

[0038] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of an electronic device structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0039] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, further explanations and descriptions will be provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. These embodiments do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of the present invention.

[0041] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the stated features, merely used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element.

[0042] In this application, "exemplary" or "in one example" is used to mean "used as an example, illustration, or description." Any embodiment described as "exemplary" or "in one example" in this application is not necessarily to be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments. The following description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use the invention. Details are set forth in the following description for purposes of explanation. It should be understood that those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention can be made without using these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and processes will not be described in detail to avoid obscuring the description of the invention with unnecessary detail. Therefore, the invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown, but is consistent with the broadest scope of the principles and features disclosed in this application.

[0043] To address the technical problems mentioned in the background section, this invention achieves effective spin-orbit coupling temporal control of the target ultracold atomic gas by changing the method of controlling the ultracold atomic gas density. To achieve this objective, embodiments of this invention provide a device for temporally controlling the spin-orbit coupling distribution structure. (See details in the original text.) Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a device structure for a time-controlled spin-orbit coupling distribution structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 1 As shown, the device for controlling the spin-orbit coupling distribution structure includes a vacuum structure 1 and a laser generation structure; Figure 1 The light gray and dark gray sections in the middle represent the control ultracold atomic gas and the target ultracold atomic gas.

[0044] Vacuum structure 1 is used to capture and control ultracold atomic gas and target ultracold atomic gas, wherein a spin-exchange interaction V exists between the controlled ultracold atomic gas and the target ultracold atomic gas. ex ;

[0045] A laser generating structure is used to generate multiple different laser beams in a vacuum structure to prepare an optical potential well for controlling ultracold atomic gas. The spatiotemporal density distribution of the ultracold atomic gas is controlled to generate a spatiotemporally controlled spin-orbit coupling intensity distribution in the target ultracold atomic gas.

[0046] In one example, the optical potential well is a parabolic potential well, an optical lattice potential well, or a superlattice potential well. This invention directly controls the density of the controlled ultracold atom gas through the parabolic potential well, optical lattice potential well, or superlattice potential well, and indirectly controls the effective spin-orbit coupling in the target ultracold atom gas. Specifically, the controlled ultracold atom and the target ultracold atom are specific descriptions of two types of atoms. The controlled ultracold atom is selected as a relatively large alkali metal atom, such as rubidium (…). 87 Rb) will not exhibit a significant heating effect, while the target ultracold atom can be a small alkali metal atom with a significant heating effect, such as lithium ( 7 Whether the heating effect is significant or not can be determined by the ratio of the Raman light's Rabi frequency to its inelastic scattering rate, β = Ω. R / Γ ine It is determined that when β≤10 3 At this point, the heating effect becomes significant. Here, a special confined potential well constructed using lasers is used to directly control the spatiotemporal density distribution of the ultracold atomic gas, and the spin-orbit coupling intensity distribution is controlled indirectly during the generation of the target ultracold atomic gas. It should be noted that alkali metal atoms include lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium. Lithium and sodium atoms have relatively small masses and are considered light atoms.

[0047] Furthermore, the controlled ultracold atomic gas and the target ultracold atomic gas are respectively controlled ultracold atoms and target ultracold atoms that have been heated in a furnace, causing their temperature to rise rapidly and evaporate into gaseous atoms. After cooling, they are finally trapped in the vacuum structure 1. Therefore, in one example, the device also includes a gas deceleration structure 7, which is used to decelerate the controlled ultracold atomic gas and target ultracold atomic gas before they are trapped in the vacuum structure 1, thereby reducing the gas temperature. Specifically, the gas deceleration structure 7 is a Zeeman deceleration structure.

[0048] like Figure 1 As shown, the laser generating structure includes a laser source 8 and multiple laser beam ports. The laser source 8 is a structure that generates different laser beams inside a vacuum cavity. It generates different laser beams at each laser beam port, for example, including a first laser beam port 2, a second laser beam port 3, a third laser beam port 4, a fourth laser beam port 5, and a fifth laser beam port 6; specifically:

[0049] Laser source 8 generates a first laser beam and a second laser beam traveling in opposite directions along the y and z coordinate axes, respectively, through the first laser nozzle 2 and the second laser beam nozzle 3. The first and second laser beams respectively control the target ultracold atomic gas and the control ultracold atomic gas, confining them within optical potential wells formed by the lasers, thereby achieving a one-dimensional rod-like structure in the x-direction of both the target and control ultracold atomic gases. Specifically, the first and second laser beams are confining potential laser beams; their interference and superposition form an optical standing wave field, confining both the control and target ultracold atomic gases within the laser-formed potential wells, thus realizing a one-dimensional rod-like structure in the x-direction of both atomic gases.

[0050] The laser source generates a third laser beam and a fourth laser beam that propagate relative to each other in the x-direction at the third laser beam port 4 and the fourth laser beam port 5. The third laser beam and the fourth laser beam are potential well laser beams, which respectively regulate and control the density distribution of the ultracold gas and the target ultracold atomic gas in the x-direction.

[0051] The laser source generates a fifth laser beam at the fifth laser beam port 6. This fifth laser beam is a Raman laser beam, used to couple the spin and momentum degrees of freedom in the controlled ultracold atomic gas through Raman coupling. In the spin-orbit coupling scheme induced by spin exchange interaction, only the controlled ultracold atomic gas achieves direct coupling between spin and orbital degrees of freedom through the Raman beam. Therefore, the target ultracold atomic gas will not experience a heating effect due to the Raman light field. Furthermore, the effective temporally controlled spin-orbit coupling effect can be achieved within the target ultracold atom by adjusting and controlling the density of the ultracold atomic gas.

[0052] Using the time-controlled spin-orbit coupling distribution structure provided in this application, an effective time-controlled spin-orbit coupling distribution structure can be realized, specifically as follows: Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, controlling the density distribution of ultracold atomic gas induces a non-uniform spin-orbit coupling distribution in the target ultracold atomic gas. Light gray represents the density distribution of the controlled ultracold atomic gas, and dark gray represents the density distribution of the target ultracold atomic gas. Figure 2 To control the distribution of induced spin-orbit coupling strength in an ultracold atomic gas within a single bound potential well, Figure 3 To control the distribution of spin-orbit coupling intensity induced by ultracold atomic gas in a periodic optical lattice bound potential well.

[0053] This application provides a device for temporally controlling a spin-orbit coupling distribution structure. The device includes a vacuum structure and a laser generation structure. The vacuum structure is used to capture and control an ultracold atomic gas and a target ultracold atomic gas, wherein a spin-exchange interaction exists between the controlled and target ultracold atomic gases. The laser generation structure generates multiple different laser beams within the vacuum structure to prepare an optical potential well for the controlled ultracold atomic gas, thereby controlling the spatiotemporal density distribution of the controlled ultracold atomic gas to generate a temporally controlled spin-orbit coupling intensity distribution in the target ultracold atomic gas. This invention directly controls the density of the controlled ultracold atomic gas through an optical potential well and indirectly controls the effective spin-orbit coupling in the target ultracold atomic gas. The device provided by this invention has a simple and dynamically adjustable structure and strong applicability.

[0054] The above describes a device for controlling a spin-orbit coupled distribution structure in a timed manner. The following describes the method of using this device; see [link to details]. Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a method for controlling a spin-orbit coupled distribution structure in a time-controlled manner, as shown below. Figure 4 As shown, the method for controlling a spin-orbit coupled distribution structure in a timed manner includes the following steps:

[0055] Step 110: Capture and control ultracold atomic gas and target ultracold atomic gas through a vacuum structure, wherein there is a spin-exchange interaction between the controlled ultracold atomic gas and the target ultracold atomic gas;

[0056] Step 120: Multiple different laser beams are generated in a vacuum structure using a laser generation structure to prepare an optical potential well for controlling ultracold atomic gas. The spatiotemporal density distribution of the ultracold atomic gas is controlled to generate a spatiotemporally controlled spin-orbit coupling intensity distribution in the target ultracold atomic gas.

[0057] Furthermore, the controlled ultracold atom gas and the target ultracold atom gas are respectively controlled ultracold atoms and target ultracold atoms that, after being heated in a furnace, rapidly rise in temperature and evaporate into gaseous atoms, which are then cooled and finally trapped in vacuum structure 1. Therefore, in one example, Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a method for controlling a spin-orbit coupled distribution structure in a time-controlled environment, as shown below. Figure 5 As shown, before the vacuum structure captures and controls the ultracold atomic gas and the target ultracold atomic gas, step 130 is included, through which the gas temperature is reduced:

[0058] Step 130: Use a gas deceleration structure to decelerate the controlled ultracold atomic gas and the target ultracold atomic gas.

[0059] In one example, the controlled ultracold atom is an alkali metal atom with a negligible heating effect, while the target ultracold atom is an alkali metal atom with a significant heating effect. Specifically, the ratio of the Raman light's Rabi frequency to its inelastic scattering rate is no greater than 10. 3 The heating effect is significant.

[0060] In another example, multiple different laser beams include a first laser beam, a second laser beam, a third laser beam, a fourth laser beam, and a fifth laser beam;

[0061] Using a laser source, a first laser beam and a second laser beam are generated that travel in opposite directions on the y and z coordinate axes, respectively. The first laser beam and the second laser beam control the target ultracold atomic gas and the control ultracold atomic gas to be confined in the optical potential well formed by the laser, so as to realize a one-dimensional rod-shaped structure in the x direction of the target ultracold atomic gas and the control ultracold atomic gas.

[0062] A laser source is used to generate a third laser beam and a fourth laser beam that propagate relative to each other in the x-direction at the third laser beam port and the fourth laser beam port, respectively. The third laser beam and the fourth laser beam are used to control the density distribution of the ultracold gas and the target ultracold atomic gas in the x-direction.

[0063] A fifth laser beam is generated at the fifth laser beam port using a laser source. This fifth laser beam is used to couple the spin and momentum degrees of freedom in an ultracold atomic gas via Raman coupling.

[0064] The specific process of each step in the method for controlling a spin-orbit coupled distribution structure in a time-controlled manner provided in the embodiments of the present invention has been described in detail in any of the above device embodiments, so it will not be repeated here.

[0065] This application provides a method for temporally controlling a spin-orbit coupling distribution structure. The method involves capturing and controlling an ultracold atomic gas and a target ultracold atomic gas using a vacuum structure, wherein a spin-exchange interaction exists between the controlled and target ultracold atomic gases. Multiple different laser beams are generated within the vacuum structure using a laser generation structure to prepare an optical potential well for the controlled ultracold atomic gas, thereby controlling the spatiotemporal density distribution of the controlled ultracold atomic gas to generate a temporally controlled spin-orbit coupling intensity distribution in the target ultracold atomic gas. This invention directly controls the density of the controlled ultracold atomic gas through the optical potential well and indirectly controls the effective spin-orbit coupling in the target ultracold atomic gas. The method provided by this invention is simple and highly applicable.

[0066] The above describes an embodiment of a method for controlling a spin-orbit coupled distribution structure in a timed manner. Two specific embodiments utilizing this method are described below:

[0067] Example 1

[0068] A method for controlling the effective spin-orbit coupling of the target ultracold atomic gas by changing the density of the ultracold atomic gas is used to achieve the following: [The device is described in the original text, but the provided excerpt ends here.] Figure 1 As shown.

[0069] Two types of atoms 87 Rb and 7 After being heated in a furnace, Li rapidly evaporates into gaseous atoms. After cooling, it is eventually trapped in vacuum structure 1. Both types of atoms are in the lowest energy Bose-Einstein condensate state. 87 Rb atomic mass 1.44 × 10⁻⁶ -25 kg, 7 Li atomic mass 1.16 × 10⁻⁶ -26 kg, where rubidium atoms are the controlled ultracold atoms and lithium atoms are the target ultracold atoms.

[0070] To achieve a one-dimensional effective ultracold atomic gas, the parameters of the confinement potential well are adjusted so that the confinement frequency in the yz direction is ω. ⊥ = 2.4k × 2πHz. Correspondingly for 87 For an Rb atomic gas, the binding frequency of the bound potential well in the x-direction is ω. Rb =5×2πHz,ω Li = 25k × 2πHz.

[0071] For controlling ultracold atomic gases, the direct spin-orbit coupling strength generated by Raman lasers is Ω = 8.2E. r (E r(where the recoil energy corresponds to the Raman laser), thus controlling the ultracold atomic gas to remain in the zero-momentum phase regardless of the characteristics of the space-bound potential well. The interaction parameters between the same components of the ultracold atomic gas are controlled as follows: The interaction parameters between different components are For the target ultracold atomic gas, the interaction parameter between the same components is:

[0072] The coupling of spin and momentum degrees of freedom is achieved through spin-exchange interactions between controlled atomic gases and target ultracold atomic gases. For example... Figure 3 As shown, when the interaction parameter between the two components of the target ultracold atomic gas is selected as... The spin-exchange interaction parameter is β = 0.06g. B When the interaction parameters between the two components of the target ultracold atomic gas are selected as follows, a plane wave phase will be induced. The spin-exchange interaction parameter is β = 0.4g. B When the interaction parameters between the two components of the target ultracold atomic gas are selected as follows, a striped phase will be induced. The spin-exchange interaction parameter is β = 0.49g. B At that time, a zero-momentum phase will be induced in the target ultracold atomic gas.

[0073] Figure 6 The density distribution diagrams of the controlled and target ultracold atomic gases in Embodiment 1 of the present invention show that the spin-orbit coupling induced in the target ultracold atomic gas exhibits a periodic distribution. Among them, (a) and (b) are the density distribution diagrams of the upper and lower spin components of the controlled ultracold atomic gas in the zero momentum phase, respectively; (c) and (d) are the density distribution diagrams of the upper and lower spin components of the plane wave phase induced by the target ultracold atomic gas; (e) and (f) are the density distribution diagrams of the upper and lower spin components of the stripe phase induced by the target ultracold atomic gas; and (g) and (h) are the density distribution diagrams of the upper and lower spin components of the zero momentum phase induced by the target ultracold atomic gas.

[0074] It's important to note that while it's not always necessary to first achieve a one-dimensional effective ultracold atomic gas to subsequently modify and control the spin-orbit coupling strength of the atoms, one-dimensional ultracold atomic gases generally have short lifetimes and are often repeatedly prepared experimentally. Furthermore, the binding frequency is used to experimentally adjust the optical or magnetic properties that generate the bound potential well for manipulation.

[0075] Example 2

[0076] Building upon Example 1, we maintain control over the effective one-dimensional spatial distribution of the target ultracold atomic gas. For the two atomic gases, we adjust the confinement potential parameters so that the confinement frequency in the yz direction is ω.⊥ = 2.4k × 2πHz.

[0077] For controlling ultracold atomic gases, the direct spin-orbit coupling strength generated by Raman lasers is Ω = 8.2E. r (E r (where the recoil energy corresponds to the Raman laser), thus controlling the ultracold atomic gas to remain in the zero-momentum phase regardless of the characteristics of the space-bound potential well. The interaction parameters between the same components of the ultracold atomic gas are controlled as follows: The interaction parameters between different components are For the target ultracold atomic gas, the interaction parameter between the same components is:

[0078] Unlike Example 1, in Example 2, the external potential well controlling the ultracold atomic gas is a periodic optical lattice potential well. Two laser beams form a periodically distributed superlattice potential well with a double-well structure, meaning there are two potential energy minima within one period, and the magnitude of the superlattice potential field is V. L (x)=V0cos(4πx / λ), where λ is the laser wavelength for forming the optical lattice potential well. Characterizing the optical lattice depth (Ω) R δ and λ represent the Rabi frequency and detuning of the laser corresponding to the optical lattice potential well, respectively.

[0079] Controlling the spin-exchange interaction between ultracold atomic gases and target ultracold atomic gases. For example... Figure 4 As shown, when the interaction parameter between the two components of the target ultracold atomic gas is selected as... The spin-exchange interaction parameter is: The wavelength of the optical lattice potential trap laser is Optical lattice potential well depth V0 = 80E r When the interaction parameter between the two components of the target ultracold atomic gas is selected, a periodically distributed striped phase structure will be induced. The spin-exchange interaction parameter is: The wavelength of the optical lattice potential trap laser is Optical lattice potential well depth V0 = 40E r At this time, a composite structure of periodically distributed plane wave phase and zero momentum phase will be induced in the target ultracold atomic gas; when the interaction parameter between the two components of the target ultracold atomic gas is selected as... The spin-exchange interaction parameter is: The wavelength of the optical lattice potential trap laser is Optical lattice potential well depth V0 = 40E r At that time, a composite structure of periodically distributed striped phase and zero momentum phase will be induced in the target ultracold atomic gas.

[0080] Figure 7 This is a density distribution diagram of the controlled and target ultracold atomic gas in Embodiment 2 of the present invention. The spin-orbit coupling induced in the target ultracold atomic gas exhibits a periodic distribution, wherein (a) and (b) are the periodic density distribution diagrams of the upper and lower spin components of the controlled ultracold atomic gas in the zero momentum phase, respectively; (c) and (d) are the periodic density distribution diagrams of the upper and lower spin components of the striped phase induced by the target ultracold atomic gas; (e) and (f) are the periodic density distribution diagrams of the upper and lower spin components of the plane wave phase and the zero momentum phase induced by the target ultracold atomic gas; (g) and (h) are the periodic density distribution diagrams of the upper and lower spin components of the zero momentum phase and the striped phase induced by the target ultracold atomic gas.

[0081] Depend on Figure 6 and Figure 7 It is understood that by utilizing the device for controlling the spin-orbit coupling distribution structure in a time-space manner provided by the present invention, the spin-orbit coupling effect can be realized in atoms with significant heating effects, achieving a spatially non-uniform spin-orbit coupling distribution. Furthermore, the time-varying spin-orbit coupling effect can be achieved by regulating and controlling the spin-orbit coupling of the ultracold atomic gas on the target ultracold atomic gas.

[0082] The above describes the method and apparatus embodiments for controlling the spin-orbit coupling distribution structure in a timed manner. Other embodiments of the spin-orbit coupling distribution structure in a timed manner are described below:

[0083] like Figure 8 As shown, this application provides an electronic device including a processor 111, a communication interface 112, a memory 113, and a communication bus 114, wherein the processor 111, the communication interface 112, and the memory 113 communicate with each other through the communication bus 114.

[0084] Memory 113 is used to store computer programs;

[0085] In one embodiment of this application, when the processor 111 executes the program stored in the memory 113, it implements the steps of the method for controlling the spin-orbit coupling distribution structure provided in any of the foregoing method embodiments.

[0086] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method for controlling a spin-orbit coupled distribution structure as provided in any of the foregoing method embodiments.

[0087] Those skilled in the art will further recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. To clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, the components and steps of the various examples have been generally described in terms of functionality in the foregoing description. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementations should not be considered beyond the scope of this invention.

[0088] The steps of the methods or algorithms described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in hardware, a software module executed by a processor, or a combination of both. The software module can be located in random access memory (RAM), main memory, read-only memory (ROM), electrically programmable ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM, registers, hard disk, removable disk, CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art.

[0089] The above are merely specific embodiments of the present invention, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features claimed herein.

Claims

1. A device for controlling a spin-orbit coupled distribution structure in a timed manner, characterized in that, The device includes a vacuum structure and a laser generation structure; The vacuum structure is used to capture and control ultracold atomic gas and target ultracold atomic gas, wherein there is a spin-exchange interaction between the controlled ultracold atomic gas and the target ultracold atomic gas; The laser generating structure is used to generate multiple different laser beams in a vacuum structure to prepare the optical potential well for controlling the ultracold atomic gas, and to regulate the spatiotemporal density distribution of the controlled ultracold atomic gas to generate a spatiotemporally regulated spin-orbit coupling intensity distribution in the target ultracold atomic gas. The controlled ultracold atom is an alkali metal atom with a negligible heating effect, while the target ultracold atom is an alkali metal atom with a significant heating effect. Specifically, the ratio of the Raman light's Rabi frequency to its inelastic scattering rate is not greater than... The heating effect is obvious; The laser generating structure includes a laser source and multiple laser beam ports, wherein the multiple laser beam ports include a first laser beam port, a second laser beam port, a third laser beam port, a fourth laser beam port, and a fifth laser beam port; The laser source generates a first laser beam and a second laser beam that travel in opposite directions on the y and z coordinate axes at the first laser mouth and the second laser beam mouth, respectively. The first laser beam and the second laser beam control the target ultracold atomic gas and the controlled ultracold atomic gas to be confined in the optical potential well formed by the laser, so as to realize the one-dimensional rod-shaped structure of the target ultracold atomic gas and the controlled ultracold atomic gas in the x direction. The laser source generates a third laser beam and a fourth laser beam that propagate relative to each other in the x-direction at the third laser beam port and the fourth laser beam port, wherein the third laser beam and the fourth laser beam respectively regulate the density distribution of the control ultracold gas and the target ultracold atomic gas in the x-direction; The laser source generates a fifth laser beam at the fifth laser beam port, which is used to generate spin and momentum degrees of freedom coupling in the controlled ultracold atomic gas through Raman coupling.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The device further includes a gas deceleration structure for decelerating the controlled ultracold atomic gas and the target ultracold atomic gas before the vacuum structure captures them.

3. A method for controlling a spin-orbit coupled distribution structure in a timed manner, applied to the apparatus as described in any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that, The method includes: The controlled ultracold atomic gas and the target ultracold atomic gas are captured by a vacuum structure, wherein there is a spin-exchange interaction between the controlled ultracold atomic gas and the target ultracold atomic gas; Multiple different laser beams are generated in a vacuum structure using a laser generation structure to prepare the optical potential well for the controlled ultracold atomic gas, thereby controlling the spatiotemporal density distribution of the controlled ultracold atomic gas to generate a spatiotemporally controlled spin-orbit coupling intensity distribution in the target ultracold atomic gas. The controlled ultracold atom is an alkali metal atom with a negligible heating effect, while the target ultracold atom is an alkali metal atom with a significant heating effect. Specifically, the ratio of the Raman light's Rabi frequency to its inelastic scattering rate is not greater than... The heating effect is obvious; Multiple different laser beams include a first laser beam, a second laser beam, a third laser beam, a fourth laser beam, and a fifth laser beam; Using a laser source, a first laser beam and a second laser beam are generated that travel in opposite directions along the y and z coordinate axes, respectively. The first laser beam and the second laser beam control the target ultracold atomic gas and the controlled ultracold atomic gas to be confined in an optical potential well formed by the laser, so as to realize a one-dimensional rod-shaped structure in the x direction of the target ultracold atomic gas and the controlled ultracold atomic gas. A laser source is used to generate a third laser beam and a fourth laser beam that propagate relative to each other in the x-direction at the third laser beam port and the fourth laser beam port, wherein the third laser beam and the fourth laser beam respectively control the density distribution of the controlled ultracold atomic gas and the target ultracold atomic gas in the x-direction; The fifth laser beam is generated at the fifth laser beam port using a laser source. The fifth laser beam is used to generate spin and momentum degree of freedom coupling in the controlled ultracold atomic gas through Raman coupling.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Before the controlled ultracold atomic gas and the target ultracold atomic gas are captured in a vacuum structure, the method further includes: A gas deceleration structure is used to decelerate both the controlled ultracold atomic gas and the target ultracold atomic gas.

5. An electronic device, characterized in that, It includes a processor, a communication interface, a memory, and a communication bus, wherein the processor, the communication interface, and the memory communicate with each other through the communication bus; Memory, used to store computer programs; A processor, when executing a program stored in memory, implements a method for controlling a spin-orbit coupled distribution structure as described in any one of claims 3-4.

6. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements a method for controlling a spin-orbit coupled distribution structure as described in any one of claims 3-4.

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