System for making beverages

Abstract

A system for making a beverage comprises a brewing unit (2) and a capsule (4) containing a powdered food substance (5), the capsule (4) comprising: a shell (6) and an identification element (11) placed inside the shell (6), wherein the brewing unit (2) comprises: a first piercing unit (17); an illumination device (26) associated with the first piercing unit (17) to illuminate the identification element (11); a detection device (13) configured to detect the return light radiation from the identification element (11), wherein the detection device (13) has an acquisition surface (27) fixed to the first piercing unit (17), and the first piercing unit (17) has a distal portion (35) that extends beyond the acquisition surface (27), and wherein, alternatively, the distal portion (35) rests on the identification element (11) and the acquisition surface (27) is spaced from the identification element (11), or the distal portion (35) is partially inserted into the identification element (11) and the acquisition surface (27) is spaced from the identification element (11), or it rests on the identification element (11).

Description

Field of the Invention

[0001] The present invention relates to a system for making beverages, of the type comprising: a brewing unit and a capsule containing a powdered food substance, in which system the brewing unit is configured to receive the capsule inside it and to make a beverage by supplying water inside the capsule so that the water interacts with the powdered food substance.

[0002] The interaction between the water and the powdered food substance may consist only of the extraction of flavor substances from the food substance (as in the case of making espresso coffee), or of the complete dissolution of the food substance (as in the case of making chocolate-flavored or milk-based beverages). Background Art

[0003] Currently, there are many prior art systems of the type described above, each characterized by the type of brewing unit and by the associated operations, and above all by the type of capsule used. Within each system, there may also be various versions of the capsule, all corresponding to a more general model, but each of them intended to make a specific beverage. For example, within the same system, the capsules may differ significantly depending on whether they are intended to make a beverage by extracting only flavor substances from the powdered food substance or by dissolving the whole powdered food substance. These differences may relate both to the structure of the capsule and also to the powdered food substance and its particle size.

[0004] At least most of the systems on the market currently have also been developed by optimizing over time the interaction between the brewing unit and each version of the capsule that can be used with the brewing unit. The above-mentioned optimization relates on the one hand to the structure of the capsule (which can vary significantly in detail depending on the beverage to be made, even for the same general model), and on the other hand to the brewing parameters used by the unit. The main brewing parameters that can be set are: water temperature, water pressure, water flow rate, total amount of water, and, if necessary, pre-infusion time (the time during which the water supply is interrupted after the capsule has been filled with water and before continuing the brewing of the beverage, usually to allow for improved extraction of flavor substances).

[0005] At least for the most widespread systems on the market, in addition to the original capsules, there are so-called compatible capsules (that is, capsules made by manufacturers different from those who developed and sold the original system), but which are sold for use in the original brewing unit.

[0006] Although compatible capsules have an external shape that allows them to be inserted into the original brewing unit, they usually do not reflect the material and structure of the original capsule, nor do they contain a food substance having the same characteristics as those of the original capsule.

[0007] Therefore, the sale of compatible capsules has led to some problems.

[0008] The first problem is related to the fact that, in order to be attractive to consumers, compatible capsules usually have to be sold at a lower price than the original capsules and must therefore be made by restricting production costs, which in many cases is not conducive to the quality of the beverages produced.

[0009] Secondly, since, as has been shown, the brewing parameters of the brewing unit are usually optimized for specific capsule models, the use of compatible capsules may result in beverages of sub-optimal quality (and in some cases even poor quality), cause blockages of the compatible capsules inside the brewing unit, or even cause damage to the machine (e.g., if the capsules cause excessive pressure drops and force the brewing unit pump to operate under more demanding conditions than those for which it was designed).

[0010] Over the years, various systems have also been developed to allow brewing with each original capsule version with the most correct brewing parameters and to be able to identify the presence of non-original capsules in the brewing unit or those that are potentially dangerous to the machine. In these systems, the brewing unit can distinguish the difference between original and non-original capsules. In some cases, the brewing unit can also identify the version of the original capsule inserted.

[0011] In these cases, the brewing unit is also programmed to manage the brewing of the beverage depending on the type or model of the identified (or not identified) capsule.

[0012] For example, some brewing units are programmed to allow the brewing of the beverage only when the inserted capsule is identified as an original capsule. Conversely, other brewing units even allow the beverage to be made with non-original (or more generally, non-identified) capsules, but in the above cases, they can use specific preventive brewing parameters that are specifically designed to protect the unit itself from possible damage.

[0013] In addition, as has been shown, more complex brewing units can identify multiple different versions of the original capsule and can use specific combinations of brewing parameters for each of them. However, in some applications, once they have identified the original capsule, the brewing unit sets predefined brewing parameters, but also allows the user to change at least some of them (e.g., they can allow a change in the total amount of water, or they can allow brewing with a capsule that is theoretically intended for making espresso as if the capsule were for making filter coffee or American coffee).

[0014] Over time, many different solutions have been developed to allow the identification of original capsules.

[0015] According to the first technique, the capsule is equipped with an electromagnetic type confirmation element (such as an RFID element), and the machine includes a corresponding reader. Although this solution allows good results in terms of functionality, it is not economically advantageous because relatively expensive confirmation elements need to be used on each capsule.

[0016] Conversely, the second technique currently in use has optical recognition of the capsule by means of a reading device that is placed at or upstream of the infusion chamber and is suitable for reading a barcode or QR code or another graphical symbol located on the outer part of the capsule. However, this solution also has some drawbacks. In particular, over time, the reliability of the recognition may decrease due to the fact that the infusion chamber is a dirty place where, under normal conditions, the beverage circulates at least partially, which may therefore leave residues on the walls and, in particular, on the optical recognition device, and where there may also be accidental leakage of food substances present in the capsule, which may in turn cake on the walls. In addition, especially in the case of successive brewing operations, the presence of water vapor released at the end of each brewing operation may cause the recognition system to fog up.

[0017] In addition, commercially, the need to replicate a barcode or QR - code on the capsule has a negative impact on the attractiveness that the appearance of the capsule may have for the purchaser.

[0018] Conversely, in the third known type of recognition, a recognition element is utilized that is always recognizable by a simple visual inspection (as in the case of the second type), but is located inside the capsule (as in the case of the first type).

[0019] An example of this type is described in the patent application WO2017 / 195170, where the recognition element is located inside the capsule, under the top film, and the reading of the recognition element is carried out by means of a reading device that pierces the top film and illuminates the recognition element with light of a known frequency for a predetermined period of time. According to the solution described in the patent, recognition occurs only when the recognition element emits light of a specific frequency (which is different from the illumination frequency) for a period of time (which is different from the illumination time) after receiving the illumination. The reading device can also be independent of the perforator through which water is supplied inside the capsule, or integrated in the perforator by means of the use of optical fibers.

[0020] Given that the general idea described in patent application WO2017 / 195170 has drawn attention, the applicant has carried out precise design and testing work, which has highlighted the need for technical improvements to the solution described in said patent application (especially regarding the reliability of the identification of the original capsules).

[0021] Although a certain number of false positives (i.e., non - original capsules identified as originals) can be easily tolerated, on the contrary, the number of any false negatives (i.e., original capsules not identified) must be as low as possible and preferably equal to zero. Conversely, these tests have highlighted that the technical solution described in WO 2017 / 195170 does not always allow for this result.

[0022] The tests carried out have particularly highlighted that the reliability of the identification using the identification method described in WO2017 / 195170 depends to a large extent on the manufacturing precision of the capsules and the reading device. In particular, they have highlighted that in order to be able to guarantee highly reliable identification, it will be necessary to manufacture the capsules with manufacturing tolerances significantly lower than those currently used, which would result in a substantial increase in cost. Therefore, a solution that can be achieved with the manufacturing tolerances commonly used would be desirable.

[0023] Furthermore, it has been established that by applying the identification element on the plate for water distribution installed inside the capsule, the capsule may not be identified due to the presence of those particles of the powdered food substance, which often successfully pass through said distribution plate and occupy the position above the identification element. In fact, the presence of those particles distorts the optical response of the identification element to the excitation signal given by the machine. Therefore, a solution that is less exposed to the risk of false negatives caused by the particles of the powder would be desirable.

[0024] Quite importantly, even the decision to base the identification on the combination of the frequency and duration of the light radiation emitted by the identification element has proven to be relatively complex, especially for differentiating between different versions of the original capsules. Therefore, an alternative solution would be desirable. Summary of the Invention

[0025] In this context, the technical objective that forms the basis of the present invention is to provide a system for making beverages that overcomes or limits at least some of the above - mentioned drawbacks.

[0026] In particular, the technical objective of the present invention is to provide a system for making beverages of a type that uses an optical identification element placed inside the capsule, which, despite using normal manufacturing tolerances when manufacturing the brewing unit and the capsule, is able to guarantee a high level of identification reliability.

[0027] The specified technical purpose and the stated purpose are substantially achieved by the system for manufacturing beverages described below.

[0028] While providing the system according to the present invention, other innovative aspects have also been designed, some of which are mainly related to the brewing unit 2 and others are mainly related to the capsule. The following detailed description will describe all the innovative aspects among the provided innovative aspects, as they can all be considered part of the same more general invention and can also be incorporated in the same system for manufacturing beverages. In fact, the applicant reserves the right to protect each innovative aspect independently in a separate patent application and, if necessary, by subsequently filing a divisional application. The applicant also reserves the right to protect, if necessary, even any combination of two or more of such innovative aspects independently. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Further features and advantages of the present invention are more apparent in the detailed description, which refers to the drawings illustrating several preferred, non-limiting embodiments of the system for making beverages, in which:

[0030] - Figure 1 is an axial section of a first capsule made according to a first innovative aspect of the present invention;

[0031] - Figure 2 shows the capsule in cross-section without both the powdery food substance and the closed top film in three-way projection views; Figure 1 of the capsule;

[0032] - Figure 3 is Figure 1 the bottom view of the water distribution unit of the capsule;

[0033] - Figure 4 is Figure 3 the cross-section of the distribution unit of the capsule according to line IV-IV;

[0034] - Figure 5 is Figure 4 the enlarged view of detail V;

[0035] - Figure 6 is the three-way projection axial section of a second capsule made according to a first innovative aspect of the present invention;

[0036] - Figure 7 is Figure 6 the front view of the distribution unit of the capsule in cross-section;

[0037] - Figure 8 is the three-way projection view of the details of the perforation unit of the brewing unit made according to a second innovative aspect of the present invention;

[0038] - Figure 9 is Figure 8 an enlarged front view of the lower part of the perforation unit of

[0039] - Figure 10 is Figure 8 the axial section of the perforation unit of

[0040] - Figure 11 is the axial section of the lower part of the perforation unit of Figure 10 according to a section plane perpendicular to the section plane of Figure 8 ;

[0041] - Figure 12 is Figure 4 a front view in the cross-section of the perforation unit of Figure 11 connected to the central part of the dispensing unit of

[0042] - Figure 13 shows in cross-section according to a plane perpendicular to the cross-section plane of Figure 12 the same part as in Figure 12 which is connected to the physical interference of the design;

[0043] - Figure 14 and Figure 15 show Figure 13 two possible actual connections between the connecting parts of

[0044] - Figure 16 is the axial section of a system for making beverages according to the present invention, the system comprising a brewing unit according to the second innovative aspect of the present invention and a capsule according to the first innovative aspect of the present invention; the capsule and the brewing unit may also be made respectively according to the third and fourth innovative aspects of the present invention, and the relevant characteristics are not representable in the drawings;

[0045] - Figure 17 is Figure 16 an enlarged view of detail XVII of

[0046] - Figure 18 is a graph showing the frequency behavior of a 420FDL50 dichroic filter from the British company "Knight Optical Limited";

[0047] - Figure 19 is a graph showing the frequency behavior of a 430FWP7575 filter from "Knight Optical Limited"; and

[0048] - Figure 20It is a graph showing the relative emission intensity of the LDUV2043 LED powered by a current of 20 mA from the company "Ligitek Electronics Co., Ltd.". Detailed Description

[0049] The present invention and more general inventions of which the present invention is a part relate to a system 1 for making beverages, the system 1 comprising, on the one hand, a brewing unit 2 which defines an infusion chamber 3; and on the other hand, a capsule 4 which contains a powdered food substance 5 configured to be insertable into the infusion chamber 3.

[0050] Generally, the capsule 4 includes a housing 6 which contains the powdered food substance 5 inside it.

[0051] In a preferred embodiment, the housing 6 includes a cup-shaped body 7 closed by a lid 8. Advantageously, the cup-shaped body 7 is made by molding, injection or thermoforming, while the lid 8 is made of a film. The cup-shaped body 7 can be single-layer or multi-layer, and each layer made can be made of various materials such as aluminum, plastic, cellulose or PLA. The lid 8 can also be made of the same material.

[0052] In some embodiments, the entire housing 6 can be made at least mainly of the same material (e.g., a polypropylene-based mixture).

[0053] In some embodiments, the entire capsule 4 can be made of recyclable materials (e.g., made of one or more polypropylene-based mixtures) or of compostable materials (e.g., made of one or more PLA-based mixtures).

[0054] A feed wall 9 and a discharge wall 10 can be identified in the housing 6. The feed wall 9 is the wall through which water is supplied into the interior of the capsule 4 during use, and the discharge wall 10 is the wall through which the beverage exits; both can thus be defined considering the situation of the capsule 4 being used in the brewing unit 2. In some embodiments (such as those illustrated in the drawings), the feed wall 9 is formed by the lid 8 of the containment body, and the discharge wall 10 is formed by the bottom wall of the cup-shaped body 7.

[0055] In some embodiments, the housing 6 is sealed and oxygen-impermeable, whereas in other embodiments, for example due to the presence of one or more holes, it can be oxygen-permeable; in this latter case, the housing 6 will preferably be sold in a sealed, oxygen-impermeable package.

[0056] The capsule 4 further includes an identification element 11 which is placed inside the housing 6, contained therein and separated from the housing 6.

[0057] The identification element 11 is advantageously interposed between the housing and the powdered food substance 5, preferably between the feed wall 9 and the powdered food substance 5.

[0058] The identification element 11 includes a reading surface 12 configured to face a detection device 13, which is part of the brewing unit 2.

[0059] In some embodiments, the capsule 4 further includes a dispensing unit 14, which is also interposed between the feed wall 9 and the powdered food substance 5. The dispensing unit 14 has the function of dispensing the incoming water in the powdered food substance 5 in a manner considered most suitable for making a specific beverage.

[0060] For example, in order to make a beverage that only involves the extraction of sensory substances from the powdered food substance 5, the dispensing unit 14 is preferably configured as a uniformly perforated filter that occupies the entire cross-section of the housing 6 and leaves a free space between itself and the feed wall 9 to allow the uniform distribution of water over the entire perforated surface. Figure 3 and Figure 4 An example of this type of dispensing unit 14 is illustrated in

[0061] Conversely, in order to make a beverage that involves the dissolution of the powdered food substance 5, the dispensing unit 14 is preferably configured with one or more through-holes 15 located near the side wall of the housing 6 (a single hole in the case of the dispensing unit 14 in Figure 7 ). Again, in this case, the dispensing unit 14 can be configured to leave a free space between itself and the feed wall, and in this case, the only purpose is to allow water to reach the one or more through-holes 15.

[0062] In Figure 3 and Figure 7 In the case of the embodiments illustrated in

[0063] a free space between the dispensing unit 14 and the lid 8 is obtained due to the presence of protrusions on the dispensing unit 14 itself.

[0064] In some embodiments, the identification element 11 is associated with the dispensing unit 14.

[0065] In some embodiments (such as those illustrated in the drawings), the identification element 11 is constituted by the dispensing unit 14.

[0066] In some embodiments, the dispensing unit 14 has a recess 16.

[0067] In some embodiments, when the capsule 4 is inserted in the infusion chamber 3, the recess 16 is configured to receive the first perforation unit 17 of the brewing unit 2. Advantageously, the recess 16 is positioned at the center of the dispensing unit 14.

[0068] Depending on these embodiments, the capsule 4 may also include other elements (such as a filter 18 interposed between the powdered food substance 5 and the discharge wall 10), or may have further features without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0069] Similar to the brewing units of the prior art, even the brewing unit according to the present invention includes a first part 19 and a second part 20, which are switchable between an original configuration and a brewing configuration.

[0070] When they are in the original configuration, the first part 19 and the second part 20 are at a certain distance from each other and allow a new capsule 4 to be loaded between them, or a used capsule 4 to be removed. When they are in the brewing configuration, the first part 19 and the second part 20 are joined and delimit the infusion chamber 3 therebetween, in which the capsule 4 is intended to be enclosed (in fact, the capsule 4 is configured to be inserted in the infusion chamber 3).

[0071] The arrangement of the first part 19 and the second part 20 relative to each other, their movement relative to each other, and the ways of supplying the capsule 4 to the infusion chamber 3 and removing the used capsule 4 from the infusion chamber 3 can vary according to requirements.

[0072] For example, the brewing unit 2 can be a vertical unit, a horizontal unit, an angled unit, and can be configured to allow the capsule 4 to be supplied and ejected by simple gravity or in another way.

[0073] In some embodiments, either the first part 19 or the second part 20 defines a housing in which the capsule 4 can be inserted, and the other constitutes a lid for closing the housing. A watertight seal between the first part 19 and the second part 20 can be obtained at the flange of the capsule 4, which can be clamped between them.

[0074] In Figure 16 the case of the illustrated embodiment, the first part 19 consists of a horizontally extractable drawer in which the housing for the capsule 4 is made, while the second part 20 is vertically movable between an original configuration (not illustrated) and a brewing configuration ( Figure 16 ).

[0075] In a known manner, the brewing unit 2 includes a first perforation unit 17, which is configured to pierce the feed wall 9 of the capsule 4 when the capsule 4 is inserted in the infusion chamber 3. InFigure 16 In an embodiment, the first piercing unit 17 is fixed to the second part 20 and is fixed relative thereto. In other embodiments, it may be fixed to the second part 20 and / or the part to which it is fixed relative to may be movable.

[0076] The first piercing unit 17 is advantageously configured to allow optical access of the brewing unit 2 to the identification element 11.

[0077] Depending on these embodiments, the first piercing unit 17 may create one or more openings through the feed wall 9.

[0078] The brewing unit 2 includes: supply means for supplying hot water inside the capsule 4 inserted in the infusion chamber 3, and means for causing the beverage to flow out of the capsule 4, the beverage having been formed after the interaction of the hot water with the powdered food substance 5.

[0079] In this known manner, the hot water supply means may include a water tank, a pump, a boiler (not shown here), and a supply pipe 21, the supply pipe 21 extending from the tank through the pump and the boiler to the infusion chamber 3. Depending on these embodiments, the introduction of hot water inside the capsule 4 may be effected through the opening made by the first piercing unit 17, through the opening made by a different piercing unit, or directly through the feed wall 9 (if the latter is itself perforated or permeable).

[0080] In some embodiments, the hot water supply means, in particular the supply pipe 21, includes a suction pipe 22 made in the first piercing unit 17 and opening into the infusion chamber 3. In use, when the capsule 4 is inserted in the infusion chamber 3 and the first piercing unit 17 has pierced the feed wall 9, the suction pipe 22 opens into the capsule 4 between the feed wall 9 and the identification element 11.

[0081] In some embodiments, the suction pipe 22 has an outlet 23 that is radial with respect to the central axis of the first piercing unit 17.

[0082] The means for causing the beverage to flow out (the beverage having been formed in the capsule 4 after the interaction of the hot water and the powdered food substance 5) may include a second piercing unit 24 for piercing the discharge wall 10, one or more channels 25 for collecting and guiding the beverage towards the supply area (below which the cup may be positioned), and / or other elements of a known type. The second piercing unit 24 may be fixed or movable, and may be active (i.e., actively pierce the discharge wall 10) or passive (i.e., constitute a contact element against which the discharge wall 10 tears after the pressure inside the capsule 4 increases). If the discharge wall 10 is already perforated or permeable, clearly the second piercing unit 24 is not necessary.

[0083] The lighting device 26 is associated with the first perforation unit 17 and is configured to illuminate the identification element 11 with incident light radiation in use. Also associated with the first perforation unit 17 is a detection device 13 configured to detect the return light radiation emitted and / or reflected by the identification element 11 after illumination with incident light radiation. In some embodiments, the detection device 13 has an acquisition surface 27 for acquiring the return light radiation, which in use is located near the identification element 11, while the remainder of the lighting device 26 is in a remote position.

[0084] Preferably, both the lighting device 26 and the detection device 13 are configured to optically interact with the identification element 11 through at least one opening created in the feed wall 9 by the first perforation unit 17.

[0085] Furthermore, it is advantageous that the incident light radiation has a known wavelength band.

[0086] In some applications, it may be a band in the ultraviolet range, in other applications in the visible range, and in other applications a band spanning both the visible and ultraviolet ranges.

[0087] In some embodiments, the lighting device 26 includes a light radiation transmission element 28 for transmitting the incident light radiation towards the reading surface 12 of the identification element 11.

[0088] In some embodiments, the detection device 13 includes a light radiation transmission element 28 configured to collect the return light radiation.

[0089] Advantageously, there can be a single light radiation transmission element 28, and it can be part of both the lighting device 26 and the detection device 13.

[0090] The light radiation transmission element 28 extends between a first end 29 and a second end 30. The first end 29 is associated with the first perforation unit 17 and in use directs towards the identification element 11, and the second end 30 is placed outside the filling chamber 3. The first end 29 constitutes the incident light emission surface for the lighting device 26, while it constitutes the return light radiation acquisition surface 27 for the detection device 13.

[0091] When the capsule 4 includes a dispensing unit 14 forming a recess 16, the recess 16 can be configured to accommodate the first end 29 of the light radiation transmission element 28.

[0092] In some embodiments, the light radiation transmission element 28 is constituted by an optical fiber.

[0093] In some embodiments (such as Figure 17In the embodiment illustrated in the figure, in addition to the light radiation transmission element 28, the lighting device 26 further includes: an LED 31, which is offset relative to the light radiation transmission element 28; and a mirror 32, which is positioned in such a way as to reflect at least part of the light radiation it receives from the LED 31 in the light radiation transmission element 28. For example, the optical axis of the LED 31 can be at an angle of 90° relative to the optical axis of the second end 30 of the light radiation transmission element 28, and the mirror 32 can be flat and at an angle of 45° relative to these two optical axes (which intersect on the surface of the mirror 32).

[0094] In some embodiments (such as those according to the second innovative aspect described below), the mirror 32 is a dichroic filter, such as the dichroic filter sold by the British company "Knight Optical Limited" under the code 420FDL50. The dichroic filter is configured to: cause only the light radiation whose wavelength mainly includes in the ultraviolet band (preferably in the band up to 405 nanometers) to be reflected, and conversely, to be at least transparent to most of the light radiation in the visible band (especially preferably to the light radiation having a wavelength higher than 405 nanometers). In the case of the dichroic filter from "Knight Optical Limited" shown above, the result is achieved by using a filter at an angle of 45° relative to the light radiation arriving from the LED 31. The frequency behavior of the above-mentioned "Knight Optical Limited" dichroic filter at the target frequency is shown in Figure 18 the chart in, where the x-axis shows the wavelength values in nanometers, and the y-axis shows the percentage of the electromagnetic radiation reflected or transmitted. Curve 40 shows the radiation transmitted at an incident angle equal to 0°, curve 41 shows the radiation reflected at an incident angle equal to 0°, curve 42 shows the radiation transmitted at an incident angle equal to 45°, and curve 43 shows the radiation reflected at an incident angle equal to 45°.

[0095] In some embodiments, the band of the incident light radiation is between 360 and 405 nanometers. In some embodiments, for this purpose, the LED 31 is configured to: emit light radiation having a wavelength in this band. In other embodiments, conversely, using the dichroic mirror shown above allows the use of an LED 31, which also emits unwanted light radiation in the visible range as well as the desired frequency in the ultraviolet band (as in the case described below), because such visible radiation is not reflected towards the light radiation transmission element 28 and thus does not reach the identification element 11.

[0096] In some embodiments, the detection device 13 includes an electronic sensor 33, which is optically associated with the second end 30 of the light radiation transmission element 28 to receive the light radiation emitted by the second end 30.

[0097] In some embodiments in which the detection device 13 is configured to detect radiation in the visible range, the dichroic mirror also advantageously intercepts the returned light radiation, allowing only radiation in the visible light band to pass through and reflecting the ultraviolet radiation elsewhere.

[0098] The brewing unit 2 also includes an electronic control unit (not shown) that can be connected to various operating parts of the unit itself, such as the boiler, the pump, any motors for moving the first part 19 and the second part 20, the lighting device 26, the detection device 13, etc., and the electronic control unit is programmed to control their operation.

[0099] In particular, the electronic control unit is connected to the detection device 13 to receive in electronic format from it real data related to the characteristics of the returned light radiation. Advantageously, the real data are quantitative physical measurements related to the returned light radiation, such as data related to intensity, data related to frequency, data related to duration, etc.

[0100] In some embodiments, the real data are prepared by the detection device 13 and sent to the electronic control unit so that it must use these data (the method for which is described below). In other cases, the real data are sent to the electronic control unit together with other data, merged in the other data, or must be derived from the other data in any case, and the other data are acquired by the detection device 13. In these cases, the electronic control unit will be programmed to process the received data and obtain the target real data.

[0101] The electronic control unit is also programmed to perform a comparison step based on the received real data and perform a management step based on the result of the comparison step.

[0102] During the management step, the electronic control unit compares the real data received from the detection device 13 with the stored reference data and determines whether the real data match the reference data. The rule for establishing whether there is a match can be formulated each time based on the type of data item to be considered. For example, if the reference data are exact values, a match may exist when the deviation of the real data from the reference data is less than a predetermined error margin (which can be expressed both in absolute value and as a percentage or relative value); otherwise, if the reference data are already expressed as a range, a match will exist when the real data fall within that range.

[0103] During the management step, the electronic control unit manages the operation of the brewing unit 2; however, according to the present invention, compared to if the comparison step indicates that the real data do not match the reference data, if the comparison step indicates that the real data match the reference data, the electronic control unit is programmed to manage the operation of the brewing unit 2 in a different way.

[0104] In some embodiments, the electronic control unit is programmed to allow the preparation of a beverage only when the comparison step indicates that the real data matches the reference data.

[0105] In some embodiments in which the electronic control unit is connected to hot water supply devices to control their operation, the electronic control unit is programmed to control the operation of the hot water supply devices in a different manner if the comparison step indicates that the real data matches the reference data than if the comparison step indicates that the actual data does not match the reference data.

[0106] In some embodiments, if the comparison step indicates that the real data does not match the reference data, the electronic control unit may be programmed to cause the hot water supply device to operate by adopting safety supply parameters compared to the safety supply parameters adopted if a match exists.

[0107] The different procedures described above are intended to distinguish between original and non-original capsules and to allow brewing either only with original capsules or also with non-original capsules, but with different brewing parameters (such as safety parameters).

[0108] In some embodiments, the stored reference data includes a plurality of individual alternatives, and the electronic control unit is programmed to control the operation of the hot water supply device in a different manner depending on which of the various possible reference data alternatives the real data matches. In this case, providing different reference data alternatives is intended to allow the electronic control unit to distinguish not only between original and non-original capsules, but also to identify different types of original capsules and to be able to set different brewing parameters for each type.

[0109] In the context described above, different innovative aspects that form the core of the present invention have been developed.

[0110] A first innovative aspect of the present invention, which can be implemented independently of other aspects, relates to reading the shape of the surface 12 (i.e., identifying the shape of the part of the surface of the identification element 11) that faces the return light radiation acquisition surface 27 of the detection device 13 when the capsule 4 is closed in the infusion chamber 3. According to the first innovative aspect, the reading surface 12 forms a convex surface that guides towards the detection device 13, or, considering only the capsule 4, that guides towards the side opposite to the side where the powdered food substance 5 is located (usually towards the feed wall 9). In a preferred embodiment, the reading surface 12 has a shape similar to that of a spherical cap, preferably having a radius of curvature between 2 and 5 millimeters.

[0111] In a preferred embodiment, at least the reading surface 12 is made in a part of the identification element 11 which, as a whole, has stable dimensions under the conditions of use, that is to say, the part is such that it maintains both its overall shape and, most importantly, the convex surface described above. In some embodiments, as already indicated, this is achieved by associating the identification element 11 with the dispensing unit 14 or by directly using the dispensing unit 14 as the identification element 11. This does not change the fact that the identification element 11, as a whole, may be subject to small elastic deformations of the type described below, for example.

[0112] Advantageously, if the dispensing unit 14 includes a recess 16 for receiving the first perforation unit 17, the reading surface 12 is positioned on the bottom of the recess 16, as illustrated, for example, in Figure 5 where the reading surface 12 is generally convex, although having a horizontal central part and side parts in the shape of spherical zones.

[0113] The design of this first innovative aspect brings at least two significant benefits. First, making the surface generally convex significantly reduces the risk of false negatives due to the presence of particles of (foodstuff) powder on the reading surface 12 itself. Second, when the dispensing unit 14 and the identification element 11 are made as a single body by injection moulding, the convex shape of the reading surface 12 reduces the risk of its being deformed in the mould due to material shrinkage, whereas if the reading surface were completely flat, such material shrinkage has been seen to occur more readily. Avoiding such deformations can be important because a deformed reading surface 12 may prevent correct identification by the detection device 13.

[0114] The first innovative aspect described above can be implemented both when manufacturing the production system 1 (brewing unit 2 and capsule 4) and when manufacturing capsules for systems that have already been developed otherwise.

[0115] According to a second innovative aspect, which can also be achieved independently of the other three innovative aspects, the present invention provides for: first, using a material capable of emitting / reflecting light radiation with predetermined characteristics to fabricate the identification element 11 if it is illuminated by incident light radiation having a predetermined wavelength band. In particular, a preferred embodiment provides for the use of a fluorescent material for fabricating the identification element 11 (i.e., a material capable of emitting light radiation in the visible range if illuminated by light radiation in the ultraviolet range). A more general implementation of the second innovative aspect provides for the use of the measurement of how the intensity of the returned light radiation is distributed among a plurality of bands of wavelengths as an identification criterion. In particular, it provides for the discrimination of a main band of wavelengths and a plurality of secondary bands separated from each other within that main band. In a preferred embodiment, the secondary bands together define the entire main band. With reference to the total intensity of the returned light radiation in the main band, an assessment is then made of how much of that total intensity is associated with the wave frequencies included in each secondary band. Thus, the intensity associated with each individual secondary band can vary between 0% and 100% of the total intensity in the main band.

[0116] Again according to the second innovative aspect, the detection device 13 and / or the electronic control unit are thus configured to: use the division (sometimes also called a stage) of the total intensity of the returned light radiation detected by the detection device 13 in the main band as real data. Advantageously, this division is evaluated as the ratio of the intensity in each secondary band to the total intensity in the main band, that is, as the share of the total intensity associated with the main band that is associated with each secondary band. If the main band corresponds to the sum of the secondary bands, the total intensity in the main band is equal to the sum of the intensities in the three secondary bands.

[0117] Similarly, the reference data includes one or more combinations of the division of the total intensity into each secondary band. Each of these one or more combinations of the division of the total intensity includes, for each secondary band, a range of admissible values of the share of the intensity of the returned light radiation received in that secondary band relative to the total intensity received in the main band. For example, in the preferred embodiment described below, in the case where there are three secondary bands, the reference data includes one or more of the following combinations:

[0118] -Combination A: The intensity in the first secondary band is in the range of 20 - 45%, the intensity in the second secondary band is in the range of 30 - 40%, and the intensity in the third secondary band is in the range of 20 - 40%;

[0119] -Combination B: The intensity in the first secondary band is in the range of 3 - 8%, the intensity in the second secondary band is in the range of 60 - 72%, and the intensity in the third secondary band is in the range of 20 - 32%;

[0120] - Combination C: The intensity in the first sub-band ranges from 0 - 3%, the intensity in the second sub-band ranges from 25 - 40%, and the intensity in the third sub-band ranges from 60 - 75%.

[0121] According to a second innovative aspect of the present invention, the electronic control unit is programmed to: perform a comparison step, and when the real data related to each sub-band respectively falls within the corresponding ranges of the same intensity combination (A, B, or C in the example) included in the reference data, it indicates a match between the real data and the reference data.

[0122] In the case of a preferred embodiment of the second innovative aspect of the present invention where a fluorescent material is used, the lighting device 26 is configured to illuminate the reading surface 12 with incident light radiation having a band of wavelengths that at least partially includes the ultraviolet range, preferably a band between 360 and 405 nanometers. As seen above, this result can be advantageously achieved at low cost using an LED 31 associated with a properly configured dichroic mirror. In particular, in some embodiments, the LED used is Figure 20 the LDUV2043 LED involved. This LED has an emission band 80 nanometers wide centered at a frequency of 400 nanometers. Therefore, the dichroic filter filters its upper band (405 - 440 nanometers).

[0123] In a preferred embodiment, the three sub-bands are as follows:

[0124] - The first sub-band having a wavelength between 600 nanometers and 700 nanometers;

[0125] - The second sub-band having a wavelength between 500 nanometers and 600 nanometers; and

[0126] - The third sub-band having a wavelength between 400 nanometers and 500 nanometers;

[0127] And the main band corresponds to these three bands linked together (from 400 nanometers to 700 nanometers - the values of 500 nanometers and 600 nanometers are preferably each included in only one sub-band).

[0128] In some preferred embodiments, the sensor used is the BH1749NUC sensor from ROHM Company.

[0129] The reference data for the comparison step stored in the electronic control unit consists of at least one combination of the division of the intensity into three sub-bands, where for each sub-band, there is preferably an allowable range for the corresponding share of the total intensity.

[0130] More specifically, with regard to the division of the intensity into three sub-bands, the long-term experiments carried out by the applicant have allowed the identification of a number of preferred combinations, which allow the optimization of the recognition operation in the preferred embodiments. For the three sub-bands defined above, the three preferred combinations are as follows (wherein, as already indicated, each percentage value refers to the ratio of the intensity in that sub-band to the sum of the intensities in the three sub-bands):

[0131] - Combination A: The intensity in the first sub-band is in the range of 20 - 45%, the intensity in the second sub-band is in the range of 30 - 40%, and the intensity in the third sub-band is in the range of 20 - 40%;

[0132] - Combination B: The intensity in the first sub-band is in the range of 3 - 8%, the intensity in the second sub-band is in the range of 60 - 72%, and the intensity in the third sub-band is in the range of 20 - 32%;

[0133] - Combination C: The intensity in the first sub-band is in the range of 0 - 3%, the intensity in the second sub-band is in the range of 25 - 40%, and the intensity in the third sub-band is in the range of 60 - 75%.

[0134] According to the second innovative aspect of the present invention, as already indicated, the electronic control unit is programmed to: perform a comparison step, and when the real data related to each sub-band respectively fall within the corresponding ranges providing the same intensity combination (A, B or C) in the reference data, indicate a match between the real data and the reference data.

[0135] For example, if the detected real data indicate that the intensity of the light radiation detected as a whole in the main band is divided as follows: 38% in the first sub-band, 33% in the second sub-band, and 29% in the third sub-band, then it falls within Combination A, and the result of the comparison step will be that a match exists. On the contrary, if the detected real data indicate that the intensity of the light radiation detected as a whole in the main band is divided as follows: 38% in the first sub-band, 41% in the second sub-band, and 21% in the third sub-band, this division does not fall within any of the combinations defining the reference data (although for two of the three sub-bands, they match Combination A), and thus, the result of the comparison step will be that no match exists.

[0136] In some embodiments, the reference data includes a single combination of intensities, particularly in the preferred embodiments, one of Combination A, Combination B or Combination C.

[0137] Conversely, in other embodiments, the reference data includes two or more combinations of intensities. In this case, the electronic control unit is advantageously programmed to control the operation of the hot water supply device in different ways depending on the combination in which the stored reference data matches the real data.

[0138] In some embodiments according to the second innovative aspect, the detection device 13 advantageously includes one or more filters that are coupled to the electronic sensor 33 to filter out light radiation having a frequency that does not match the frequency of the main band, thereby reducing the occurrence of any electromagnetic "noise". In Figure 17 the illustrated embodiment, the first filter consists of a dichroic filter configured to allow only light radiation in the visible spectrum to pass through. However, there is also a Wratten filter 34 downstream of the dichroic mirror (i.e., a filter that can allow visible radiation to pass through while filtering out ultraviolet radiation). In particular, the 430FWP7575 filter manufactured by the aforementioned "Knight Optical Limited" can be used, Figure 19 which has been mentioned, Figure 19 showing the percentage of the intensity transmitted by the filter according to the wavelength (in nanometers).

[0139] Regarding the capsule 4, according to the second innovative aspect, the identification element 11 is made of a material that emits and / or reflects back light radiation when illuminated with incident light radiation having a wavelength between 360 and 405 nanometers, and the back light radiation has a division of the intensity of the light radiation into each of the above three secondary bands, and the division is selected from the group of combinations including combination A, combination B, and combination C. For example, this result can be obtained by adding a suitable fluorescent pigment to the mixture used to make the identification element 11.

[0140] Therefore, the second innovative aspect described above can be implemented both in the complete system 1 (the brewing unit 2 and the capsule 4), and can also be used only for making the extraction unit or the capsule, and the extraction unit or the capsule is intended to be used in other already developed systems 1 (that is, the scope of the second innovative aspect covers both the brewing unit 2 that can use the capsule conforming to the above description, and the capsule in which the identification element 11 has the behavior shown above).

[0141] Turning to the third independent innovative aspect of the present invention, this relates to the specific interaction between the first piercing unit 17 and the identification element 11.

[0142] According to the third innovative aspect, the back light radiation acquisition surface 27 is first fixed to the first piercing unit 17 in such a way as to adopt a predetermined position (except for design tolerances) in the infusion chamber 3.

[0143] Advantageously, the light radiation acquisition surface 27 is constituted by the first end 29 of the light radiation transmission element 28. In some embodiments, the light radiation transmission element 28 extends partially in a manner parallel or coaxial with the suction tube 22.

[0144] The first piercing unit 17 has a distal portion 35 configured to pierce the feed wall 9 of the capsule 4, and the distal portion 35 projects beyond the light radiation acquisition surface 27 inside the infusion chamber 3 in the brewing configuration ( Figure 9 and Figure 10 ).

[0145] Advantageously, the distal portion 35 is positioned eccentrically with respect to the central axis of the acquisition surface 27 only on one of its sides. Preferably positioned on the opposite side of the acquisition surface 27 is the outlet 23 of the suction tube 22.

[0146] In the illustrated embodiment ( Figure 8 and Figure 9 ), the distal portion 35 has two flat side surfaces 36 that converge at a cutting edge 37 that extends radially and proceeds from the inside to the outside at an angle such that the more external portion 38 projects more into the infusion chamber 3 than the more internal portion 39.

[0147] In view of the sizing of the first piercing unit 17 and of the infusion chamber 3, the capsule 4 is configured and dimensioned such that, according to the method described below, when the capsule 4 is inserted in the infusion chamber 3, the first piercing unit 17 comes into contact with the identification element 11.

[0148] Advantageously, there are two alternative possibilities.

[0149] According to the first possibility, when the capsule 4 is contained in the infusion chamber 3, the distal portion 35 of the first piercing unit 17 rests on the identification element 11, and the light radiation acquisition surface 27 has a predetermined distance from the identification element 11 (solution not illustrated).

[0150] Conversely, according to the second possibility, when the capsule 4 is contained in the infusion chamber 3, the distal portion 35 of the first piercing unit 17 is partially inserted into the identification element 11 (that is, penetrates it, but only partially and without making a hole that goes completely through it), and the light radiation acquisition surface 27 either has a certain distance from the identification element 11 ( Figure 14 ), or at most rests on the identification element 11 itself ( Figure 15 ).

[0151] In all these cases, the distance of the light radiation acquisition surface 27 from the identification element 11 never exceeds a predetermined distance (except for manufacturing tolerances, determined at the design stage).

[0152] This result can be achieved in the following manner: on the one hand, the identification element 11 is made in such a way that it is movable inwards in the perfusion chamber 3 under the thrust of the distal part 35 of the first perforation unit 17, and on the other hand, the dimensions of the first perforation unit 17 and / or the capsule 4 are determined appropriately.

[0153] In a preferred embodiment in which the identification element 11 is associated with or consists of the dispensing unit 14, the mobility of the identification element 11 is obtained only due to the elastic deformability of the dispensing unit 14 itself. Although the dispensing unit 14 has a stable dimension, it can be slightly bent at its central region where the recess 16 is located. It should be noted that the required stroke may generally be about a few tenths of a millimeter.

[0154] Conversely, when the capsule 4 is inserted into the perfusion chamber 3, the sizing is carried out by providing some physical interference between the first perforation unit 17 and the dispensing element during the design phase. Figure 12 and Figure 13 Examples of design sizing with interference are illustrated in and, which ensure contact between the first perforation unit 17 and the identification element 11 even considering the most unfavorable combinations regarding manufacturing tolerances.

[0155] If the reading surface 12 forms a convex surface guiding towards the detection device 13, in accordance with what is provided by the first innovative aspect, the distal part 35 of the first perforation unit 17 acts in contact against the convex reading surface 12, as illustrated in Figure 14 and 15 and.

[0156] The third innovative aspect described above can be implemented both when manufacturing the complete system 1 (brewing unit 2 and capsule 4), and also when manufacturing only the brewing unit 2 or only the capsule.

[0157] Turning to the last innovative aspect applicable to the application of one or more aspects that are also independent of other aspects, first of all it provides for the hot water supply device to be configured to: inside the capsule 4, supply hot water at the reading surface 12 of the identification element 11 (when the capsule 4 is inserted into the perfusion chamber 3, the lighting device 26 and the detection device 13 are directed towards this reading surface).

[0158] In particular, the hot water supply device is configured to supply hot water at the reading surface 12 of the identification element 11 inside the capsule 4 in such a way that the water supplied flows on the reading surface 12 and thus any powder particles present thereon can be removed.

[0159] Also according to a fourth innovative aspect of the present invention, the electronic control unit is programmed such that: when the first execution of the comparison step has shown that the real data detected by the detection device 13 does not match the reference data (that is, when there is no match), a cleaning step for cleaning the identification element 11 is performed by activating the hot water supply device for cleaning the reading surface 12.

[0160] The basic principle of the cleaning step for cleaning the identification element 11 is the following basic principle: a limited amount of water is supplied (that is, not enough to cause the brewing of a beverage, or at least not fully brewed), but this may be sufficient to transfer any powder particles that may be on the reading surface 12. To achieve this result, it may also be useful to control the pressure and / or flow rate of the supplied water.

[0161] In some embodiments, the electronic control unit is programmed to perform the cleaning step by activating the hot water supply device for a time between 1 and 2 seconds.

[0162] In some embodiments, the electronic control unit is programmed to perform the cleaning step by activating the hot water supply device so as to supply an amount of water between 5 and 15 milliliters.

[0163] In some embodiments, the electronic control unit is programmed to perform the cleaning step by activating the hot water supply device having a flow rate between 23 and 29 l / h.

[0164] In some embodiments, the electronic control unit is programmed to perform the cleaning step by activating the hot water supply device so as to supply water at a pressure of 1.5 to 12 bar.

[0165] Again according to the fourth innovative aspect, in some embodiments, after the cleaning step has been performed, the electronic control unit is programmed to obtain new real data related to the cleaned reading surface 12 from the detection device 13 and perform the comparison step a second time using these new real data. As can be inferred, if the cleaning step effectively cleans the reading surface 12, the new real data will be different from the real data used for the first execution of the comparison step, while if the reading surface 12 was already clean, or if the cleaning step did not allow the removal of any dirt present, the new real data will be substantially the same as the previous real data.

[0166] In some embodiments, the electronic control unit is programmed to perform the cleaning step multiple times, alternating with a waiting step.

[0167] In some embodiments, when the first execution of the comparison step has indicated that the real data does not match the reference data, the electronic control unit is programmed to: continuously repeat the comparison step during the execution of one or more cleaning steps. In some embodiments, the electronic control unit is programmed to: at the moment when the comparison step indicates that the real data matches the reference data, interrupt one or more cleaning steps and go to the management step.

[0168] In particular, the electronic control unit is programmed to: continuously obtain new real data related to the reading surface 12 from the detection device 13 even during the cleaning step and, if necessary, at a predetermined time after the cleaning step, and perform the comparison step by continuously checking the newly obtained real data gradually.

[0169] When the last provided comparison step has also ended (performed by checking the data only once after the cleaning step, or continuously checking the data during the cleaning step and, if necessary, even after the cleaning step), the electronic control unit is programmed to: also perform the management step again, this time based on the result obtained from the second execution of the comparison step, that is, based on whether the comparison step has found a match between the real data and the reference data.

[0170] In some embodiments, when one or more further executions of the comparison step have even indicated that the real data detected by the detection device 13 does not match the reference data, the electronic unit is programmed to: consider the lack of a match as determined and perform the management step and act accordingly regarding the activation or deactivation of the hot water supply device.

[0171] Conversely, in other embodiments, when the second execution of the comparison step has indicated that the real data detected by the detection device 13 does not match the reference data, the electronic control unit is programmed to: based on the result obtained from the last execution of the comparison step, consecutively perform the cleaning step and the comparison step again.

[0172] In some embodiments, this can be repeated multiple times when the most recent previous execution of the comparison step has indicated that the real data does not match the reference data before continuing the execution of the management step.

[0173] During the execution of the cleaning step after the first execution, different execution parameters can even be provided, in particular, parameters for improved cleaning of the reading surface 12 compared to the last execution can be determined (e.g., compared to the execution of the cleaning step immediately preceding: supplying a larger quantity of water, supplying at a higher flow rate / pressure or for a longer time).

[0174] For example, in some embodiments, up to three executions of the cleaning step are provided, each with a duration between 1 and 2 seconds (preferably equal to 1.5 seconds), alternating with waiting steps, which advantageously have the same duration. In this case, the water used for cleaning pumped out by the pump may be approximately 10 - 13 milliliters during the first execution and then gradually increase to a total of approximately 26 - 32 milliliters at the end of the third execution. Between the start of the first execution and the end of the third execution, the supply pressure can gradually increase from approximately 1.5 bar to approximately 12 bar. In these embodiments, the comparison step is continuously executed from the start of the first execution of the cleaning step until the end of the last execution of the cleaning step. Furthermore, once the comparison step indicates that the real data detected by the detection device 13 matches the reference data, the cleaning cycle is immediately interrupted.

[0175] The fourth innovative aspect described above can be applied both when manufacturing the entire system 1 (brewing unit 2 and capsule 4) and when manufacturing only the brewing unit 2.

[0176] Regarding the innovative aspects, the operation of the various embodiments of the system 1 according to the present invention can be easily deduced from the previous description, and this operation is similar to that of the prior art systems regarding the insertion and removal of the capsule 4 and the formation of the beverage.

[0177] The present invention brings important advantages. Further advantages are provided by other innovative aspects that are part of the present invention.

[0178] Thanks to the present invention, it has been possible to provide a system for making beverages, of the type that uses an optical recognition element placed inside the capsule, which system, despite using normal manufacturing tolerances when manufacturing the brewing unit and the capsule, still ensures a high level of recognition reliability.

[0179] Further advantages are provided by other innovative aspects that are part of the present invention.

[0180] Thanks to the first innovative aspect, it has been possible to provide a system for making beverages, of the type that uses an optical recognition element placed inside the capsule, which system is less subject to the risk of false negatives both because of the presence of powder particles on the reading surface and because of the molded deformation of the reading surface in the case of injection-molded recognition elements.

[0181] Thanks to the second innovative aspect, it has been possible to provide a system for making beverages, of the type that uses an optical recognition element placed inside the capsule based on extremely reliable recognition criteria, which is an alternative to those of the prior art.

[0182] Due to the fourth innovative aspect, it is already possible to provide a system for making beverages, a system of this type using an optical recognition element placed inside a capsule, in which the risk of false negatives due to the presence of particles of powder on the reading surface is minimized.

[0183] Finally, it should be noted that the present invention is relatively easy to produce and that even the costs associated with implementing the present invention are not very high.

[0184] The invention described above can be modified and adapted in several ways without departing from the scope of the concept of the present invention.

[0185] All details can be replaced by other technically equivalent elements, and the materials used as well as the shape and dimensions of the various components can vary according to requirements.

Claims

1. A system for making beverages, the system comprising: A brewing unit (2) and a capsule (4) containing a powdered food substance (5), the capsule (4) comprising: a housing (6) in which a feed wall (9) and a discharge wall (10) are distinguishable; and an identification element (11) placed inside the housing (6), wherein the brewing unit (2) comprises a first part (19) and a second part (20) which are switchable between an original configuration and a brewing configuration, in the original configuration, the first part (19) and the second part (20) are at a certain distance from each other, and in the brewing configuration, the first part (19) and the second part (20) are joined and delimit a filling chamber (3) therebetween, wherein the capsule (4) is configured to be inserted into the filling chamber (3), wherein the brewing unit (2) comprises: a first piercing unit (17) configured to pierce the feed wall (9) of the capsule (4) inserted into the filling chamber (3); a supply device for supplying hot water inside the capsule (4) inserted into the filling chamber (3) through the feed wall (9); and a device for causing the outflow of a beverage from inside the capsule (4) inserted into the filling chamber (3) through the discharge wall (10), the beverage having been formed after the hot water has interacted with the powdered food substance (5); a lighting device (26) associated with the first piercing unit (17) and configured to illuminate the identification element (11) with incident light radiation having a known wavelength band, and a detection device (13) associated with the first piercing unit (17) and configured to detect the return light radiation emitted and / or reflected by the identification element (11) after being illuminated with the incident light radiation; an electronic control unit connected to the detection device (13) to receive therefrom real data related to the characteristics of the return light radiation, the electronic control unit being programmed to perform: a comparison step in which the real data is compared with stored reference data; and a management step in which, depending on whether the comparison step indicates that the real data matches the reference data or not, it manages the operation of the brewing unit (2) in a different way; wherein: the detection device (13) has an acquisition surface (27) for acquiring the return light radiation, the acquisition surface (27) being fixed to the first piercing unit (17); the first piercing unit (17) has a distal portion (35) configured to pierce the feed wall (9) of the capsule (4), and the distal portion (35) projects inside the filling chamber (3) beyond the light radiation acquisition surface (27) in the brewing configuration; It is characterized in that the capsule (4) is configured in such a way that, when the capsule (4) is inserted into the perfusion chamber (3), alternatively, the distal portion (35) of the first perforation unit (17) rests on the identification element (11), and the light radiation acquisition surface (27) is at a certain distance from the identification element (11), or the distal portion (35) of the first perforation unit (17) is partially inserted into the identification element (11), and the light radiation acquisition surface (27) is at a certain distance from the identification element (11), or it rests on the identification element (11).

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein, The identification element (11) is movably inwardly in the perfusion chamber (3) under the thrust of the distal portion (35) of the first perforation unit (17).

3. The system according to claim 1, wherein The detection device (13) includes a light radiation transmission element (28) and an electronic sensor (33), wherein the light radiation transmission element (28) extends between a first end (29) and a second end (30), the first end (29) is associated with the first perforation unit (17), and the first end (29) defines the return light radiation acquisition surface (27), the second end (30) is placed outside the perfusion chamber (3), and wherein the electronic sensor (33) is optically associated with the second end (30) to receive the light radiation emitted by the second end (30).

4. The system according to claim 3, wherein, The light radiation transmission element (28) is also part of the lighting device (26) and is configured to: receive the incident light radiation at the second end (30) and radiate it towards the identification element (11) at the first end (29).

5. The system according to claim 3, wherein, The distal portion (35) is positioned eccentrically with respect to the central axis of the acquisition surface (27).

6. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein, The hot water supply device includes a suction pipe (22) which is made in the first perforation unit (17) and leads into the perfusion chamber (3), and is between the feed wall (9) and the identification element (11) in use.

7. The system according to claim 6, wherein, The suction pipe (22) has an outlet (23) which is radial with respect to the central axis of the first perforation unit (17).

8. The system according to claim 6, wherein The suction pipe (22) has an outlet (23) which is radial with respect to the central axis of the first perforation unit (17), and wherein The suction pipe (22) extends partially in a manner parallel or coaxial with the light radiation transmission element (28).

9. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein The capsule (4) further includes a distribution unit (14) which is interposed between the feed wall (9) and the powdered food substance (5) and is provided with at least one through hole or is permeable to water, and wherein the identification element (11) is associated with the distribution unit (14) or integrated in the distribution unit (14).

10. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein, The capsule (4) further includes a dispensing unit (14) which is interposed between the feed wall (9) and the powdered food substance (5) and is provided with at least one through hole or is permeable to water, and wherein the identification element (11) is constituted by the dispensing unit (14).

11. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein, The identification element (11) has a reading surface (12) which faces the return light radiation acquisition surface (27) of the detection device (13) when the capsule (4) is closed in the infusion chamber (3), and wherein the reading surface (12) forms a convex surface guiding towards the detection device (13), and the distal portion (35) of the first perforation unit (17) acts in contact against the convex surface.

12. The system according to claim 9, wherein, The identification element (11) has a reading surface (12) which faces the return light radiation acquisition surface (27) of the detection device (13) when the capsule (4) is closed in the infusion chamber (3), and wherein the reading surface (12) forms a convex surface guiding towards the detection device (13), and the distal portion (35) of the first perforation unit (17) acts in contact against the convex surface, wherein the dispensing unit (14) has a recess (16) which has a bottom, and wherein the reading surface (12) is positioned at the bottom of the recess (16).

13. The system according to claim 12, wherein, The recess (16) is configured to receive the first perforation unit (17) of the brewing unit (2) when the capsule (4) is inserted into the infusion chamber (3).

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