High-efficiency grafting method for shortening breeding cycle of pinus pumila

Abstract

The application relates to a high-efficiency grafting method for shortening the breeding cycle of Pinus pumila, and relates to a Pinus pumila grafting method.The application aims to solve the problem of low grafting survival rate of the existing Pinus pumila grafting method.A high-efficiency grafting method for shortening the breeding cycle of Pinus pumila: I. treatment before grafting of a rootstock;II. selection of a Pinus pumila mother tree;III. collection and treatment of a scion;IV. grafting in the middle and late May in a way of pith cambium grafting;V. management after grafting.The advantages are that the survival rate of Pinus pumila is greatly improved, the breeding cycle is greatly shortened, high-quality germplasm resources are effectively preserved, and the genetic gain of Pinus pumila is obviously improved.The application is mainly used for Pinus pumila grafting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a Pinus mongolica grafting method and relates to the technical field of Pinus mongolica grafting. Background Art

[0002] Pinus pumila is an evergreen shrubby small tree that grows in cold temperate high-altitude areas. It is concentrated in Greater Khingan Mountains, Lesser Khingan Mountains, Zhangguangcai Mountains, Changbai Mountain and other places in my country. It has extremely strong resistance and is often used as a pioneer tree species for slope greening and soil and water conservation. Pinus pumila seeds are known as "immortality fruit". They have medicinal effects, are edible, and can be used to extract oil. They have important economic benefits and edible health value. Carrying out grafting technology trials, shortening the breeding cycle of Pinus pumila, and building Pinus pumila nut demonstration forests can effectively increase the income of local residents, improve the ecological environment, and assist in the transformation and development of mountainous areas. Pinus pumila mainly relies on seed reproduction. Its juvenile period lasts for a long time. It takes a long time from seedlings to fruiting. Asexual reproduction is required to accelerate the breeding process. Grafting is its most suitable technical method, but the existing Pinus pumila grafting methods have the problem of low grafting survival rate. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem of low grafting survival rate in the existing Pinus paulownia grafting method and to provide an efficient grafting method which can shorten the breeding period of Pinus paulownia.

[0004] An efficient grafting method for shortening the breeding cycle of Pinus tabebuia is specifically completed by the following steps:

[0005] 1. Pre-grafting treatment of rootstock: Select healthy and disease-free rootstock seedlings and plant them in cups in the grafting nursery. When they are 30cm to 50cm tall, they will be used as nutrient cup seedlings.

[0006] 2. Selection of Pinus davidiana mother trees: Select mother trees with strong growth, large fruit yield, and no disease or insect pests in the main distribution area of ​​Pinus davidiana in Daxing'anling for planting;

[0007] 3. Scion collection and processing: According to the phenological characteristics of Pinus pumila in the Greater Khingan Range, scion collection is carried out in mid-to-late April when the buds have not yet sprouted. From the crown of the established mother tree, strong, full, and well-developed branches of the current year with full terminal buds are taken as scions. The thickness of the scion is about 2 / 3 of the thickness of the rootstock. After collection, the scion cut position is wrapped with plastic wrap, leaving the leaves, and tied with a label. The scion is bundled and placed in a silk bag and transported back to the grafting site. It is stored in a low-temperature cold cellar at a temperature of 2-6°C or directly inserted into the snow for preservation.

[0008] 4. Grafting: Grafting is done in the middle and late May in the Greater Khingan Range using the pith cambium grafting method;

[0009] 5. Management after grafting: During July and August, the grafted seedlings are pruned, the main branches of the rootstock and some of the vigorously growing side branches are cut off, and the light conditions of the grafted seedlings are guaranteed to be good. In September, the seedlings enter a slow growth period, and the binding strips are removed. From the year after the grafting is successful, the tree is managed, and the vigorously growing rootstock branches are removed so that the grafted scion branches are always in the main branch position. After the fruiting, pruning is carried out to promote flowering and fruiting. During the winter, the seedlings are covered with snow for cold protection.

[0010] Advantages of this invention: By utilizing the innovative principles of different grafting affinity between the same and different rootstocks, and the complementary advantages of the rootstock and scion species, this method fully utilizes the excellent characteristics of different rootstocks to develop a highly efficient grafting method that shortens the breeding cycle of Pinus truncatum. This method significantly improves the survival rate of Pinus truncatum (survival rate reaches 90%), significantly shortens the breeding cycle, effectively preserves high-quality germplasm resources, and significantly increases the genetic gain of Pinus truncatum, providing a highly efficient technical means for resource utilization and genetic improvement of Pinus truncatum. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 This is a photo of the surviving strain of Pinus pumila grafted onto Pinus pumila obtained in Example 1;

[0012] Figure 2 This is a photo of the surviving strain of Siberian pine grafted onto Pinus paulownia obtained in Example 2;

[0013] Figure 3 This is a photo of the surviving strain of Pinus sylvestris grafted onto Pinus paulownia obtained in Example 3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] Specific embodiment 1: This embodiment is an efficient grafting method for shortening the breeding cycle of Pinus tabebuia, which is specifically completed by the following steps:

[0015] 1. Pre-grafting treatment of rootstock: Select healthy and disease-free rootstock seedlings and plant them in cups in the grafting nursery. When they are 30cm to 50cm tall, they will be used as nutrient cup seedlings.

[0016] 2. Selection of Pinus davidiana mother trees: Select mother trees with strong growth, large fruit yield, and no disease or insect pests in the main distribution area of ​​Pinus davidiana in Daxing'anling for planting;

[0017] 3. Scion collection and processing: According to the phenological characteristics of Pinus pumila in the Greater Khingan Range, scion collection is carried out in mid-to-late April when the buds have not yet sprouted. From the crown of the established mother tree, strong, full, and well-developed branches of the current year with full terminal buds are taken as scions. The thickness of the scion is about 2 / 3 of the thickness of the rootstock. After collection, the scion cut position is wrapped with plastic wrap, leaving the leaves, and tied with a label. The scion is bundled and placed in a silk bag and transported back to the grafting site. It is stored in a low-temperature cold cellar at a temperature of 2-6°C or directly inserted into the snow for preservation.

[0018] 4. Grafting: Grafting is done in the middle and late May in the Greater Khingan Range using the pith cambium grafting method;

[0019] 5. Management after grafting: During July and August, the grafted seedlings are pruned, the main branches of the rootstock and some of the vigorously growing side branches are cut off, and the light conditions of the grafted seedlings are guaranteed to be good. In September, the seedlings enter a slow growth period, and the binding strips are removed. From the year after the grafting is successful, the tree is managed, and the vigorously growing rootstock branches are removed so that the grafted scion branches are always in the main branch position. After the fruiting, pruning is carried out to promote flowering and fruiting. During the winter, the seedlings are covered with snow for cold protection.

[0020] Specific embodiment 2: This embodiment differs from specific embodiment 1 in that 7-year-old Pinus paulownia, 7-year-old Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica or 7-year-old Pinus koreacensis is selected as the rootstock seedling in step 1. Other aspects are the same as those of specific embodiment 1.

[0021] Specific embodiment 3: This embodiment differs from specific embodiment 1 or 2 in that: in step 1, the rootstock seedlings are planted in the grafting nursery area with a spacing of not less than 20 cm. Other aspects are the same as specific embodiment 1 or 2.

[0022] Specific embodiment 4: This embodiment differs from specific embodiments 1 to 3 in that the scion in step 3 has a thickness of 0.5 cm to 0.8 cm and a length of 12 cm to 15 cm. Other aspects are the same as specific embodiments 1 to 3.

[0023] Specific embodiment 5: This embodiment differs from specific embodiments 1 to 4 in that the grafting is performed by attaching the pith cambium in step 4. The specific operation process is as follows:

[0024] Remove the needles from the top of the scion, retaining 2 to 5 bundles of needles, and retaining a length of 4.5 cm to 5.5 cm on the branch at the lower end of the scion. Cut along the middle pith of the scion to the side end of the terminal bud. The thickness of the scion is about 2 / 3 of the thickness of the stock. Select the main branch or side branch of the stock with a thickness suitable for the scion. Cut a wedge-shaped incision on the stock branch, deep into the cambium, and then cut out a section equal to the size of the scion. The section should be smooth and complete. After fitting the scion and the stock, tie them tightly in one direction with a plastic tie.

[0025] The rest is the same as Specific Embodiments 1 to 4.

[0026] The content of the present invention is not limited to the content of the above-mentioned embodiments. The combination of one or more specific embodiments can also achieve the purpose of the invention.

[0027] The following test was used to verify the effect of the present invention:

[0028] Example 1: An efficient grafting method for shortening the breeding cycle of Pinus tabebuia is specifically completed by the following steps:

[0029] 1. Pre-grafting treatment of rootstock: Select healthy and disease-free rootstock seedlings and plant them in the grafting nursery with a spacing of 22 cm. When they are 30 cm to 50 cm tall, they will be used as nutrient cup seedlings.

[0030] 2. Selection of Pinus davidiana mother trees: Select mother trees with strong growth, large fruit yield, and no disease or insect pests in the main distribution area of ​​Pinus davidiana in Daxing'anling for planting;

[0031] 3. Scion Collection and Processing: Based on the phenological characteristics of Pinus pumila in the Greater Khingan Range, scion collection is carried out in mid-to-late April before buds sprout. Strong, full, and well-developed branches of the current year with full terminal buds are taken from the crown of the established mother tree as scions. The thickness of the scion should be about 2 / 3 of the thickness of the rootstock. After collection, the scion cut site is wrapped with plastic wrap, leaving the leaves, and tied with a label. The scion is then bundled, placed in a silk bag, and transported back to the grafting site for storage in a cold cellar at a temperature of 4°C.

[0032] 4. Grafting: Grafting is done in the middle and late May in the Greater Khingan Range using the pith cambium grafting method;

[0033] 5. Management after grafting: In mid-July, the grafted seedlings are pruned, the main branches of the rootstock and some of the vigorously growing side branches are cut off, and the light conditions of the grafted seedlings are guaranteed to be good. In September, the seedlings enter a slow growth period, and the binding strips are removed. From the year after the grafting is successful, the tree is managed, and the vigorously growing rootstock branches are removed so that the grafted scion branches are always in the main branch position. After the fruiting, pruning is carried out to promote flowering and fruiting. During the winter, the seedlings are covered with snow for cold protection.

[0034] In step 1 of Example 1, 7-year-old Pinus pumila was selected as the rootstock seedling.

[0035] The scion in step 3 of Example 1 has a thickness of 0.5 cm to 0.8 cm and a length of 12 cm to 15 cm.

[0036] The specific operation process of grafting by the pith cambium bonding method described in step 4 of Example 1 is as follows:

[0037] Remove the needles from the top of the scion, retaining 2 to 5 bundles of needles, and retaining a length of 4.5 cm to 5.5 cm on the branch at the lower end of the scion. Cut along the middle pith of the scion to the side end of the terminal bud. The thickness of the scion is about 2 / 3 of the thickness of the stock. Select the main branch or side branch of the stock with a thickness suitable for the scion. Cut a wedge-shaped incision on the stock branch, deep into the cambium, and then cut out a section equal to the size of the scion. The section should be smooth and complete. After fitting the scion and the stock, tie them tightly in one direction with a plastic tie.

[0038] Example 2: This example differs from Example 1 in that 7-year-old Siberian pine was selected as the rootstock seedling in step 1. Other steps were the same as in Example 1.

[0039] Example 3: This example differs from Example 1 in that a 7-year-old Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica seedling is selected as the rootstock in step 1. The rest is the same as in Example 1.

[0040] The grafted lines in Examples 1 to 3 were photographed. Figures 1 to 3 As shown, Figure 1 This is a photo of the surviving strain of Pinus pumila grafted onto Pinus pumila obtained in Example 1; Figure 2 This is a photo of the surviving strain of Siberian pine grafted onto Pinus paulownia obtained in Example 2; Figure 3 The following is a photograph of the surviving strain of Pinus sylvestris grafted onto Pinus paulownia obtained in Example 3. The survival rate of the grafting and the growth amount of the grafting year were statistically analyzed, as shown in Table 1.

[0041] Table 1

[0042]

[0043] As shown in Table 1, the grafting method provided by the present invention has a survival rate of over 60%, and when 7-year-old Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica is used as the rootstock seedling, the survival rate reaches 90%, and the annual growth is 11.83 cm, which greatly improves the survival rate of Pinus pumila and significantly shortens the breeding cycle, effectively preserves high-quality germplasm resources, and significantly increases the genetic gain of Pinus pumila.

Claims

1. An efficient grafting method for shortening the breeding cycle of Pinus tabebuia, characterized in that: The method enables the grafted Pinus tabulaeformis to achieve a survival rate of 90% and an annual growth of 11.83 cm. It is done in the following steps:

1. Pre-grafting treatment of rootstock: Select healthy and disease-free rootstock seedlings and plant them in cups in the grafting nursery. When they are 30cm to 50cm tall, they will be used as nutrient cup seedlings. Plant the rootstock seedlings in the grafting nursery zone cup with a spacing of 22 cm; Seven-year-old Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica was selected as the rootstock seedling; 2. Selection of Pinus davidiana mother trees: Select mother trees with strong growth, large fruit yield, and no disease or insect pests in the main distribution area of ​​Pinus davidiana in Daxing'anling for planting; 3. Scion Collection and Processing: Based on the phenological characteristics of Pinus pumila in the Greater Khingan Range, scion collection is carried out in mid-to-late April before buds sprout. Strong, full, and well-developed branches of the current year with full terminal buds are taken from the crown of the established mother tree as scions. The thickness of the scion should be about 2 / 3 of the thickness of the rootstock. After collection, the scion cut site is wrapped with plastic wrap, leaving the leaves, and tied with a label. The scion is then bundled, placed in a silk bag, and transported back to the grafting site for storage in a cold cellar at a temperature of 4°C. The scion has a thickness of 0.5 cm to 0.8 cm and a length of 12 cm to 15 cm; 4. Grafting: Grafting is done in the middle and late May in the Greater Khingan Range using the pith cambium grafting method; The specific operation process of the pith cambium grafting method is as follows: the needles are removed from the top of the scion, 2 to 5 bundles of needles are retained, the length of the branch at the lower end of the scion is retained to be 4.5 cm to 5.5 cm, the pith part in the middle of the scion is cut to the side end of the terminal bud, and the main branch or side branch of the stock with a thickness suitable for the scion is selected based on the standard that the thickness of the scion is about 2 / 3 of the thickness of the stock. A wedge-shaped incision is cut on the stock branch, deep into the cambium, and a section equal to the size of the scion is cut. The section is smooth and complete. After the scion and the stock are attached, they are tied tightly in one direction with a plastic binding strip.

5. Management after grafting: In mid-July, the grafted seedlings are pruned, the main branches of the rootstock and some of the vigorously growing side branches are cut off, and the light conditions of the grafted seedlings are guaranteed to be good. In September, the seedlings enter a slow growth period, and the binding strips are removed. From the year after the grafting is successful, the tree is managed, and the vigorously growing rootstock branches are removed so that the grafted scion branches are always in the main branch position. After the fruiting, pruning is carried out to promote flowering and fruiting. During the winter, the seedlings are covered with snow for cold protection.

Images