A spindle assembly with central water outlet, air blowing, automatic tool withdrawal and tool loosening, and a numerical control machine tool

Abstract

The present invention relates to a spindle assembly with central water outlet and air blowing and automatic tool puller tool loosening, and a numerical control machine tool. The spindle assembly includes an outer sleeve and a spindle installed inside the outer sleeve. A pull rod is also installed inside the spindle. The front end of the pull rod is connected to the rear end of the tool holder through a pull claw and a pull stud. A sealing ring is installed between the rear end of the annular gap and the inner wall of the spindle in a sealed and sliding manner. A disc spring is sleeved between the sealing ring and the stepped notch in the annular gap. An annular oil cylinder is coaxially installed at the rear end of the outer sleeve. The piston of the oil cylinder is annular and penetrates through in the front and rear directions. The spindle passes through the piston, and the spindle can move forward and backward and rotate relative to the piston. A sliding hole is provided in front of the piston where the spindle is located. A tool striking block passes through the sliding hole. The tool striking block is provided with a pressing rod protruding forward at a position corresponding to the annular gap and abutting against the rear end of the sealing ring. One end of the tool striking block close to the pull rod is connected to the pull rod. One end of the tool striking block located outside the spindle abuts against the front end of the piston. The structure is simple, and it can perform central water outlet / air blowing and automatically pull the tool, loosen the tool and change the tool.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of high-end CNC machine tools, and particularly relates to a spindle assembly CNC machine tool with central water outlet, air blowing, and automatic tool pulling and tool loosening. Background Art

[0002] When designing and using CNC machine tools, in the structural layouts of some CNC gantry milling machines, horizontal boring machines, and machining centers, the motor and gearbox are located at the back (or above) of the machine tool, and the spindle is located in the front (or below) of the machine tool. In this way, the tool head part has a small volume and can enter the workpiece for cutting. The connection between the spindle and the gearbox is realized by connecting a coupling through an intermediate transmission shaft to transmit power over a long distance. Moreover, the spindle should have multiple functions, such as direct connection, central water outlet, central air blowing, tool pulling, and tool loosening. In order to retain these functions of the spindle and be able to transmit torque over a long distance, such an integrated spindle assembly was invented during the spindle design. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a high-speed spindle assembly with direct connection, central water outlet, air blowing, and automatic tool pulling and tool loosening in view of the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows: A spindle assembly for central water outlet, air blowing and automatic tool puller tool loosening, including an outer sleeve and a spindle coaxially and rotatably installed in the outer sleeve, both of which are horizontally arranged in the front-rear direction. A tool holder is coaxially installed at the front end of the spindle. The rear end of the spindle extends out of the outer sleeve and is in transmission connection with a transmission box. A pull rod is also coaxially installed in the spindle. The front end of the pull rod is connected to the rear end of the tool holder through a pull claw and a pull stud. The pull rod is a tubular rod, and there is an annular gap between the pull rod and the spindle. The front end of the pull rod is bent outward to form a bent portion that is in sealed sliding contact with the inner wall of the spindle. A ring-shaped sealing ring is installed between the rear end of the annular gap and the inner wall of the spindle in a sealed and sliding manner. The spindle is subjected to cavity expansion treatment behind the bent portion to form a stepped notch. A disc spring is sleeved in the annular gap between the sealing ring and the stepped notch. The front end of the disc spring abuts against the rear end of the stepped notch, and the rear end of the disc spring abuts against the sealing ring. An annular oil cylinder is coaxially installed at the rear end of the outer sleeve. The piston of the oil cylinder is annular and penetrates through in the front-rear direction. The spindle passes through the piston, and the spindle can rotate relative to the piston. A slide hole penetrating through it is provided in front of the piston on the spindle. A tool striking block passes through the slide hole. There is a connecting nut at the tail of the pull rod for connecting the pull rod and fixing the tool striking block. An extrusion rod protruding outward and abutting against the rear end of the sealing ring is provided at the position of the tool striking block corresponding to the annular gap. One end of the tool striking block close to the pull rod is connected to the pull rod, and one end of the tool striking block outside the spindle abuts against the front end of the piston. The oil cylinder drives the piston to slide forward to drive the tool striking block to slide forward in the slide hole against the elastic resistance of the disc spring and relative to the spindle, and further drives the pull rod to move forward to drive the pull claw to loosen the tool holder to complete tool loosening, or drives the piston to move backward. The pull rod and the tool striking block slide backward and reset under the elastic force of the disc spring to drive the pull rod to move backward to drive the pull claw to lock the tool holder to complete tool change.

[0005] Further, the oil cylinder further includes an annular cylinder sleeve. An annular chamber is recessed in the middle of the inner side of the cylinder sleeve along the circumferential direction. The piston is tubular and sleeved in the cylinder sleeve, and is in sealed sliding connection with the inner side of the cylinder sleeve. A ring-shaped stop protruding coaxially into the chamber is provided in the middle of the piston, and the outer edge of the ring-shaped stop is in sealed sliding contact with the inner wall of the chamber. Oil ports communicating with the inside of the chamber are provided at both the front end and the rear end of the cylinder sleeve. When the piston slides forward and backward until the ring-shaped stop abuts against the cylinder sleeve, both ends of the piston are in sealed contact with the cylinder sleeve.

[0006] Further, the front end of the cylinder liner is coaxially connected to the rear end of the outer sleeve through a connecting flange. The rear end of the main shaft extends backward and passes through the rear end of the piston. The inner diameter of the piston is larger than the outer diameter of the main shaft at the corresponding position.

[0007] Further, it also includes a water inlet seat coaxially and fixedly installed in the middle of the rear end of the main shaft and blocking the rear end of the main shaft. A through hole running through it from front to back is provided in the middle of the water inlet seat. A sliding tube coaxially distributed with the pull rod is coaxially and sealingly slidably installed at the front end of the through hole. The front end of the sliding tube is communicated with the rear end of the pull rod through a first one-way valve. The first one-way valve only allows water to be transported from back to front. The rear end of the water inlet seat is connected to the transmission shaft through a coupling, and a rotary joint is connected outside the transmission to provide cutting fluid.

[0008] Further, the front end of the first one-way valve is sleeved inside the rear end of the pull rod, and there is a step between the rear end of the pull rod and the front end of the first one-way valve. The front lower end of the tool clamping block abuts against the rear end of the pull rod.

[0009] Further, a first air hole running through its inside and outside is provided at the position of the pull rod corresponding to the sealing ring. And a hole running through its inside and outside and aligned with the first air hole is provided at the position of the sealing ring corresponding to the first air hole. A second one-way valve is installed at one end of the first air hole close to the hole. The second one-way valve is located in the hole. A second air hole running through its inside and outside is provided on the side wall of the main shaft. The second air hole is located on the sliding track of the hole. A third air hole running through its inside and outside is provided on the side wall of the rear end of the outer sleeve. And the third air hole is located on the rotating track of the second air hole. When the pull rod, the sealing ring, the main shaft and the outer sleeve move to align the first air hole, the hole, the second air hole and the third air hole, air is introduced into the pull rod and the first one-way valve is squeezed to close to prevent water from entering the pull rod. The end of the third air hole outside the outer sleeve is the air inlet.

[0010] Further, a spacer ring is also slidably installed in the middle of the annular gap, and disc springs are provided at both ends of the spacer ring.

[0011] Further, a keyway is provided around the rear end of the main shaft for driving connection with the transmission case.

[0012] Further, a plurality of sliding holes are provided in a ring, and a plurality of tool clamping blocks are provided. And the plurality of tool clamping blocks are arranged corresponding to the plurality of sliding holes. Each tool clamping block is arranged in the corresponding sliding hole.

[0013] The present invention also provides a numerical control machine tool, including the main shaft assembly with central water outlet, air blowing and automatic tool clamping and tool releasing as described above.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: A keyway is provided around the rear end of the main shaft of the present invention, so that the main shaft can be connected to the transmission shaft of the CNC machine tool gearbox through a coupling, and the transmission connection is convenient; the rear end of the pull rod is connected to the sliding tube through a first one-way valve. When water is passed through the water inlet seat, the first one-way valve opens and water is supplied to the pull rod. That is, when the main shaft rotates, water is supplied and air is not passed. The present invention is provided with a first air hole, a second air hole and a third air hole on the pull rod, the main shaft and the outer sleeve. When the main shaft stops rotating, when the pull rod and the main shaft move to align and penetrate the first air hole, the second air hole and the third air hole, at this time, gas can be introduced into the air inlet, and the gas will push open the second one-way valve and enter the pull rod. At this time, the air pressure in the pull rod is relatively high, and the first one-way valve will be squeezed to close. At this time, no water enters the pull rod, and only air is passed for cleaning the tapered hole and the tapered shank. In this way, the main shaft assembly can realize central water spraying or air blowing; when loosening the tool and changing the tool, only the oil cylinder needs to push the tool pressing block to squeeze the pull rod to slide forward, and squeeze the claw and the pull stud to clamp or loosen the tool shank. When the piston of the oil cylinder moves backward, the pull rod and the tool pressing block move backward and reset under the action of the disc spring. By adopting an annular oil cylinder installed at the rear end of the outer sleeve, and the main shaft passes through the ring of the piston, the structure of the entire main shaft assembly is simpler, and the oil circuit does not need to enter the main shaft. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 is a sectional view of the main shaft assembly for central water outlet, air blowing and automatic tool pulling and loosening according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 2 is Figure 1 a partial enlarged view of;

[0017] Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the pull rod according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 4 is a sectional view of the sealing ring according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 5 is a top view of the sealing ring according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] In the drawings, the list of components represented by each reference numeral is as follows:

[0021] 1. Outer sleeve, 2. Main shaft, 3. Tool shank, 4. Pull rod, 5. Sealing ring, 6. Oil cylinder, 7. Disc spring, 8. Tool pressing block, 9. Connecting flange, 10. Water inlet seat, 11. Sliding tube, 12. First one-way valve,

[0022] 101. Third air hole, 201. Step-shaped notch, 202. Slide hole, 203. Second air hole, 204. Keyway, 401. Claw, 402. Pull stud, 403. First air hole, 501. Hole, 601. Piston, 602. Cylinder liner, 603. Ring stop, 801. Extrusion rod. Detailed implementation manners

[0023] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] Embodiment 1

[0025] Refer to Figure 1 , the present invention provides a spindle assembly with central water outlet, air blowing and automatic tool puller and tool loosening, including an outer sleeve 1 and a spindle 2 coaxially and rotatably installed in the outer sleeve 1, both of which are horizontally arranged in the front-rear direction. A tool holder 3 is coaxially installed at the front end of the spindle 2. The rear end of the spindle 2 extends out of the outer sleeve 1 and is in transmission connection with a transmission box. A pull rod 4 is also coaxially installed in the spindle 2. The front end of the pull rod 4 is connected to the rear end of the tool holder 3 through a pull claw 401 and a pull stud 402. The pull rod 4 is a tubular rod, and there is an annular gap between the pull rod 4 and the spindle 2. The front end of the pull rod 4 is bent outward to form a bent portion that is in sealed sliding contact with the inner wall of the spindle 2. A ring-shaped sealing ring 5 is installed between the rear end of the annular gap and the inner wall of the spindle 2 in a sealed and sliding manner. The spindle 2 is subjected to cavity expansion treatment behind the bent portion to form a stepped notch 201 (see Figure 2), a disc spring 7 is sleeved in the annular gap between the sealing ring 5 and the stepped notch 201. The front end of the disc spring 7 abuts against the rear end of the stepped notch 201, and the rear end of the disc spring 7 abuts against the sealing ring 5. An annular oil cylinder 6 is coaxially installed at the rear end of the outer sleeve 1. The piston 601 of the oil cylinder 6 is annular and penetrates through in the front and rear directions. The main shaft 2 passes through the piston 601, and the main shaft 2 can rotate relative to the piston 601. A sliding hole 202 penetrating through it is provided in front of the piston 601 on the main shaft 2. A tool clamping block 8 passes through the sliding hole 202. At a position corresponding to the annular gap, the tool clamping block 8 protrudes forward with a pressing rod 801 abutting against the rear end of the sealing ring 5. One end of the tool clamping block 8 close to the pull rod 4 is connected to the pull rod 4. One end of the tool clamping block 8 outside the main shaft 2 abuts against the front end of the piston 601. The oil cylinder 6 drives the piston 601 to slide forward to drive the tool clamping block 8 to overcome the elastic resistance of the disc spring 7 and slide forward relative to the main shaft 2 in the sliding hole 202, and at the same time drives the pull rod 4 to move forward to drive the claw 401 to release the tool shank 3 to complete tool loosening. Or the oil cylinder 6 drives the piston 601 to move backward, and the pull rod 4 and the tool clamping block 8 slide backward and reset under the elastic force of the disc spring 7 to drive the pull rod 4 to move backward to drive the claw 401 to lock the tool shank 3 to complete tool change. Since the main shaft rotates during operation and the oil cylinder is fixedly connected to the outer sleeve and does not rotate, the main shaft passes through the inner hole of the piston. When the claw and the pull stud loosen the tool, the pull rod at the center of the main shaft needs to be pushed and the disc spring needs to be compressed to achieve the purpose of tool loosening. At this time, the piston is outside the main shaft, so a tool clamping block needs to pass through the main shaft to realize the transmission transition between the piston and the pull rod. Therefore, a square hole is opened at the main shaft part in front of the piston, which is the sliding hole (the length of this square hole in the front and rear directions = the thickness of the tool clamping block in the front and rear directions + the tool loosening stroke + the reserved gap). Therein, the tool clamping block can be fixedly connected to the pull rod through a cap fixedly installed on the pull rod (the cap can be equivalent to the pressing rod, and the pressing rod is fixed on the pull rod). When loosening the tool, the piston drives the tool clamping block to push the pull rod forward and compress the disc spring to realize tool loosening.

[0026] Since the tool loosening force of this main shaft assembly is 35000N, high-strength materials should be selected for the tool clamping block. After repeated tests, 30CrMnSiA alloy structural steel material is quenched and tempered to a hardness between HRC35-40, and its impact work value is the highest, and its strength and toughness are the best.

[0027] Among them, the assembly connection method among the tool shank, the pull stud and the claw in the present invention belongs to the prior art and will not be introduced in detail in this embodiment.

[0028] In this embodiment, the oil cylinder 6 is arranged at the rear end of the outer sleeve 1, and the main shaft 2 passes through the piston 601, so that the pull rod 4 can be arranged more flexibly in the main shaft 2. Among them, the main shaft 2 can rotate relative to the outer sleeve 1, and the pull rod 4 rotates synchronously with the main shaft 2. It can also slide back and forth in the main shaft 2 to push the pull claw 401 and the pull stud 402 to perform tool loosening or tool changing. In addition, since the piston 601 does not rotate, and the tool striking block 8 rotates with the main shaft 2, the tool striking block 8 abuts against the piston 601, so that mutual interference can be avoided.

[0029] Furthermore, the oil cylinder 6 further includes an annular cylinder sleeve 602. The middle part of the inner side of the cylinder sleeve 602 is recessed circumferentially to form an annular chamber. The piston 601 is tubular and sleeved in the cylinder sleeve 602, and is hermetically slidably connected to the inner side of the cylinder sleeve 602. The middle part of the piston 601 is coaxially convexly provided with an annular baffle 603 extending into the chamber, and the outer edge of the annular baffle 603 is hermetically slidably abutted against the inner wall of the chamber. Oil ports communicating with the inside of the chamber are provided at both the front end and the rear end of the cylinder sleeve 602. When the piston 601 slides back and forth until the annular baffle abuts against the cylinder sleeve 602, both ends of the piston 601 are hermetically abutted against the cylinder sleeve 602.

[0030] Furthermore, the front end of the cylinder sleeve 602 is coaxially connected to the rear end of the outer sleeve 1 through a connecting flange 9. The rear end of the main shaft 2 extends backward and passes through the rear end of the piston 601. The inner diameter of the piston 601 is larger than the outer diameter of the corresponding position of the main shaft 2 (the diameter difference is about 1-2 mm). Both ends of the connecting flange have flange structures. The flange structure at the front end is flange-connected to the rear flange of the outer sleeve, and the flange structure at the rear end is flange-connected to the cylinder sleeve.

[0031] Furthermore, it further includes a water inlet seat 10 coaxially and fixedly installed in the middle of the rear end of the main shaft 2 and blocking the rear end of the main shaft 2. A through hole running through it from front to back is provided in the middle of the water inlet seat 10. A sliding tube 11 coaxially distributed with the pull rod 4 is hermetically slidably installed at the front end of the through hole. The front end of the sliding tube 11 is communicated with the rear end of the pull rod 4 through a first one-way valve 12. The first one-way valve 12 only allows water to be conveyed from back to front. The rear end of the water inlet seat 10 is for connecting a rotary joint. Among them, the sliding tube can slide back and forth relative to the water inlet seat, but always remains communicated with the water inlet seat.

[0032] The first one-way valve adopted here is a tubular one-way valve, and its two ends are respectively connected to the ends of the pull rod and the sliding tube close to each other. When water passes through the water inlet seat, the first one-way valve opens, and when air enters through the air inlet, the first one-way valve closes.

[0033] Further, the front end of the first one-way valve 12 is sleeved inside the rear end of the pull rod 4, and there is a step between the rear end of the pull rod 4 and the front end of the first one-way valve 12. The front lower end of the tool clamping block 8 abuts against the rear end of the pull rod 4, so that the pull rod 4 and the tool clamping block 8 do not affect each other (preferably, the tool clamping block and the pull rod are fixedly connected, and at the same time, the lower end of the tool clamping block abuts against the rear end of the pull rod, so that the forward movement effect of the pull rod under the push of the tool clamping block is better).

[0034] Further, a first air hole 403 penetrating through the inside and outside thereof is provided at the position of the middle part of the pull rod 4 corresponding to the sealing ring 5 (see Figure 3 ), and a hole 501 penetrating through the inside and outside thereof and aligned with the first air hole 403 is provided at the position of the sealing ring 5 corresponding to the first air hole 403 (see Figure 4 and Figure 5 ). A second one-way valve 13 is installed at one end of the first air hole 403 close to the hole 501. The second one-way valve 13 is located in the hole 501. A second air hole 203 penetrating through the inside and outside thereof is provided on the side wall of the main shaft 2. The second air hole 203 is located on the sliding track of the hole 501. A third air hole 101 penetrating through the inside and outside thereof is provided on the side wall of the rear end of the outer sleeve 1, and the third air hole 101 is located on the rotation track of the second air hole. When the pull rod 4, the sealing ring 5, the main shaft 2 and the outer sleeve 1 move to make the first air hole 403, the hole 501, the second air hole 203 and the third air hole 101 align with each other, air is blown into the pull rod 4 and the first one-way valve 12 is squeezed to close to prevent water from entering the pull rod 4. One end of the third air hole 101 located outside the outer sleeve 1 is the air inlet. Among them. The second one-way valve only allows air flow to be blown into the pull rod.

[0035] Among them, the air inlet is high-pressure air, and rotary pressure film sealing rings can be installed at both ends of the third air hole. Therefore, when the main shaft rotates, the rotary pressure film sealing rings are not pressurized. When the main shaft 2 stops and the first air hole, the second air hole and the third air hole are aligned, at this time, air is blown in at the air inlet, the rotary pressure film sealing rings are pressurized and closed for working seal, and the air enters the main shaft 2. Through the second air hole 203 of the main shaft 2, the air enters the second one-way valve 13 on the pull rod 4, and enters the center of the pull rod 4 through the second one-way valve 13. When changing the tool, the high-pressure air cleans the tool holder.

[0036] Further, a spacer 14 is also slidably installed in the middle of the annular gap, and disc springs 7 are provided at both ends of the spacer 14.

[0037] Further, a keyway 204 is provided around the rear end of the main shaft 2 for driving connection with the transmission case.

[0038] Furthermore, a plurality of sliding holes 202 are provided in a ring shape, and a plurality of cutter striking blocks 8 are provided. The plurality of cutter striking blocks 8 are arranged corresponding to the plurality of sliding holes 202, and each cutter striking block 8 is arranged in the corresponding sliding hole 202. This can also enable the plurality of cutter striking blocks to move synchronously in the circumferential direction to push the pull rod forward, and its operation is more stable. Embodiment

[0039] The present invention further provides a numerical control machine tool, including the spindle assembly with central water outlet, air blowing, automatic tool pulling and tool loosening described in Embodiment 1.

[0040] The spindle assembly with central water outlet, air blowing, automatic tool pulling and tool loosening of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0041] 1. Realize the direct connection of the shaft between the spindle and the gearbox (or servo motor) at a long distance. The rear end of the spindle is connected to the transmission shaft through a coupling;

[0042] 2. Realize the multi-function of the spindle: ① Water can come out from the center of the front end of the spindle; ② Air can be blown through the center of the spindle to clean the taper hole and the tool shank; ③ The spindle can automatically loosen the tool and automatically tighten the tool;

[0043] 3. Integrate multiple functions of the spindle and the machine tool into one spindle assembly, simplify the design and installation of the machine tool, improve the accuracy of the spindle. The rotation accuracy of the spindle is within 0.003 mm. It is convenient and reliable to install and use. The spindle assembly can be directly inserted into the box hole, fixed with bolts, and can be used after connecting the oil pipe, air pipe and coupling, etc.

[0044] 4. Multiple functions of the present spindle assembly can be used individually or in combination, and applied to high-end numerical control machine tools (vertical machining centers, horizontal machining centers, gantry machining centers, horizontal numerical control machine tools) to expand the machining functions of the numerical control machine tools and improve the grade and ability of the numerical control machine tools.

[0045] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A spindle assembly with central water outlet, air blowing, and automatic tool puller tool loosening, comprising an outer sleeve (1) horizontally arranged along the front-rear direction and a spindle (2) rotatably installed coaxially inside the outer sleeve (1). A tool holder (3) is coaxially installed at the front end of the spindle (2). The rear end of the spindle (2) extends out of the outer sleeve (1) and is in transmission connection with a transmission box. A pull rod (4) is also coaxially installed inside the spindle (2). The front end of the pull rod (4) is connected to the rear end of the tool holder (3) through a pull claw (401) and a pull stud (402). The pull rod (4) is a tubular rod, and there is an annular gap between the pull rod (4) and the spindle (2). It is characterized in that, The front end of the pull rod (4) is bent outward to form a bent portion that makes sealed sliding contact with the inner wall of the main shaft (2). A ring-shaped sealing ring (5) is installed between the rear end of the annular gap and the inner wall of the main shaft (2) in a sealed and sliding manner. The main shaft (2) is subjected to cavity expansion treatment corresponding to the rear of the bent portion to form a stepped notch (201). A disc spring (7) is sleeved in the annular gap between the sealing ring (5) and the stepped notch (201). The front end of the disc spring (7) abuts against the rear end of the stepped notch (201), and the rear end of the disc spring (7) abuts against the sealing ring (5). An annular oil cylinder (6) is coaxially installed at the rear end of the outer sleeve (1). The piston (601) of the oil cylinder (6) is annular and penetrates through in the front and rear directions. The main shaft (2) passes through the piston (601), and the main shaft (2) can rotate relative to the piston (601). A slide hole (202) that penetrates through it is provided in front of the main shaft (2) at the position of the piston (601). A tool knockout block (8) passes through the slide hole (202). At the position corresponding to the annular gap, the tool knockout block (8) protrudes forward with a pressing rod (801) that abuts against the rear end of the sealing ring (5). One end of the tool knockout block (8) close to the pull rod (4) is connected to the pull rod (4). The end of the tool knockout block (8) outside the main shaft (2) abuts against the front end of the piston (601). The oil cylinder (6) drives the piston (601) to slide forward to drive the tool knockout block (8) to slide forward relative to the main shaft (2) in the slide hole (202) against the elastic resistance of the disc spring (7), and further drives the pull rod (4) to move forward to drive the jaw (401) to release the tool holder (3) to complete tool loosening. Or the oil cylinder (6) drives the piston (601) to move backward, and the pull rod (4) and the tool knockout block (8) slide backward and reset under the elastic force of the disc spring (7), driving the pull rod (4) to move backward to drive the jaw (401) to lock the tool holder (3) to complete tool change; It further includes a water inlet seat (10) coaxially and fixedly installed in the middle of the rear end of the main shaft (2) to block the rear end of the main shaft (2). A through hole that penetrates through it in the front and rear directions is provided in the middle of the water inlet seat (10). A sliding tube (11) that is coaxially distributed with the pull rod (4) is installed at the front end of the through hole in a sealed and sliding manner. The front end of the sliding tube (11) is communicated with the rear end of the pull rod (4) through a first one-way valve (12). The first one-way valve (12) only allows water to be conveyed from the rear to the front. The rear end of the water inlet seat (10) is for connecting a rotary joint; The front end of the first one-way valve (12) is sleeved inside the rear end of the pull rod (4), and the rear end of the pull rod (4) and the front end of the first one-way valve (12) are stepped. The front lower end of the tool knockout block (8) abuts against the rear end of the pull rod (4); A first air hole (403) penetrating through the inside and outside thereof is provided at the middle part of the pull rod (4) corresponding to the position of the sealing ring (5), and a hole (501) penetrating through the inside and outside thereof and aligned with the first air hole (403) is provided at the position of the sealing ring (5) corresponding to the first air hole (403). A second one-way valve is installed at one end of the first air hole (403) close to the hole (501), and the second one-way valve is located in the hole (501). A second air hole (203) penetrating through the inside and outside thereof is provided on the side wall of the main shaft (2), and the second air hole (203) is located on the sliding track of the hole (501). A third air hole (101) penetrating through the inside and outside thereof is provided on the side wall of the rear end of the outer sleeve (1), and the third air hole (101) is located on the rotating track of the second air hole (203). When the pull rod (4), the sealing ring (5), the main shaft (2) and the outer sleeve (1) move to make the first air hole (403), the hole (501), the second air hole (203) and the third air hole (101) align with each other, air is blown into the pull rod (4) and the first one-way valve (12) is pressed to be closed to prevent water from entering the pull rod (4). One end of the third air hole (101) located outside the outer sleeve (1) is the air inlet.

2. The spindle assembly for central water outlet, air blowing, automatic tool withdrawal and tool loosening according to claim 1, characterized in that, The oil cylinder (6) further includes an annular cylinder sleeve (602). An annular chamber is recessed along the circumferential direction in the middle of the inner side of the cylinder sleeve (602). The piston (601) is tubular, sleeved in the cylinder sleeve (602), and is in sealed sliding connection with the inner side of the cylinder sleeve (602). A ring stop (603) protruding coaxially into the chamber is provided in the middle of the piston (601), and the outer edge of the ring stop (603) is in sealed sliding contact with the inner wall of the chamber. Oil ports communicating with the inside of the chamber are provided at both the front end and the rear end of the cylinder sleeve (602). When the piston (601) slides back and forth until the ring stop abuts against the cylinder sleeve (602), both ends of the piston (601) are in sealed contact with the cylinder sleeve (602).

3. The spindle assembly for central water outlet, air blowing, automatic broach pulling and tool loosening according to claim 2, characterized in that, The front end of the cylinder sleeve (602) is coaxially connected to the rear end of the outer sleeve (1) through a connecting flange (9). The rear end of the main shaft (2) extends backward and passes through the rear end of the piston (601). The inner diameter of the piston (601) is larger than the outer diameter of the main shaft (2) at the corresponding position.

4. The main shaft assembly for central water outlet air blowing and automatic broach tool loosening according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, A spacer ring is also slidably installed in the middle of the annular gap, and disc springs (7) are provided at both ends of the spacer ring.

5. The spindle assembly for central water outlet air blowing and automatic broach tool loosening according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, A keyway (204) is provided around the rear end of the main shaft (2) for driving connection with a transmission box.

6. The main shaft assembly for central water outlet air blowing and automatic broach tool loosening according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, A plurality of sliding holes (202) are provided around, and a plurality of tool clamping blocks (8) are provided. The plurality of tool clamping blocks (8) are arranged corresponding to the plurality of sliding holes (202), and each tool clamping block (8) is arranged in the corresponding sliding hole (202).

7. A numerical control machine tool, characterized in that, It includes the main shaft assembly for central water outlet, air blowing, automatic tool pulling and tool loosening according to any one of claims 1-6.

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