A high-precision automatic ground-air radiometer observation method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of high-precision automatic ground-air radiometer observation methods, based on the nine observation modes set, through a high-precision automatic ground-air radiometer, solar direct radiation illumination, sky radiation illumination, vertical ground radiation brightness, satellite remote sensor observation angle ground radiation brightness are obtained, aerosol optical thickness, particle distribution, phase function, vertical ground reflectivity, satellite remote sensor synchronous ground reflectivity, sky diffuse irradiance and other parameters are inverted, calibration field long sequence spectral parameters are obtained, calibration field atmosphere, ground spectral characteristics change trend is analyzed, and field automation calibration precision is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the field of low-altitude radiation observation, and particularly relates to a high-precision automatic ground-to-sky radiometer observation method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Currently, the automatic field calibration method of satellite remote sensors is widely used, which requires unmanned and long-term automatic observation instruments to replace manual field data acquisition. In order to improve the radiation calibration accuracy of satellite remote sensors, more instruments are required to be installed in the radiation calibration field to directly obtain related data.

[0003] Currently, at least three instruments, i.e., a photometer, a ground radiometer and an irradiance meter, are required to be installed in the radiation calibration field for automatic field calibration, wherein the photometer is used to measure the direct solar irradiance to retrieve the aerosol optical thickness, the ground radiometer is used to measure the ground surface radiation brightness of the calibration field, and the irradiance meter is used to measure the diffuse total ratio.

[0004] The high-precision automatic ground-to-sky radiometer of the applicant's prior application (2021115206914) discloses a high-precision automatic ground-to-sky radiometer, which can synchronously observe the data measured by the above three instruments, greatly reducing the equipment cost and maintenance cost. However, a reasonable, efficient and multi-dimensional observation process is still required for the instrument to maximize the data utilization form of the high-precision automatic ground-to-sky radiometer and improve the data utilization rate and the contribution rate of the instrument. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the above problems, the purpose of the present application is to provide a high-precision automatic ground-to-sky radiometer observation method, which can retrieve aerosol optical thickness, particle distribution, phase function, vertical ground reflectivity, satellite remote sensor synchronous ground reflectivity, sky diffuse irradiance and other parameters by using the data obtained by one high-precision automatic ground-to-sky radiometer, obtain long sequence spectral parameters of the calibration field, analyze the atmospheric and ground spectral characteristics of the calibration field, and improve the accuracy of automatic field calibration.

[0006] The specific technical scheme for achieving the purpose of the present application is as follows:

[0007] A high-precision automatic ground-to-sky radiometer observation method, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: The high-precision automatic ground-to-sky radiometer is observed according to the normal working mode;

[0009] Step 2: Before and after the satellite remote sensor overtops, the high-precision automatic ground-to-sky radiometer is observed according to the satellite remote sensor overtop data;

[0010] Step 3: The high-precision automatic ground-to-sky radiometer resumes the normal working mode for observation;

[0011] Step 4, according to the requirement, the high-precision automatic ground-to-sky radiometer carries out sky brightness channel laboratory calibration observation and ground brightness channel laboratory calibration observation.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the beneficial effects that:

[0013] (1) The present application is based on the solar direct radiation intensity, sky radiation intensity, vertical ground radiation brightness, ground radiation brightness of the satellite remote sensor observation angle obtained by a high-precision automatic ground-to-sky radiometer, and the aerosol optical thickness, particle distribution, phase function, vertical ground reflectivity, satellite remote sensor synchronous surface reflectivity, sky diffuse radiation intensity and other parameters are inverted, the long sequence spectral parameters of the calibration field are obtained, the change trend of the atmospheric and surface spectral characteristics of the calibration field is analyzed, and the field automation calibration precision is improved;

[0014] (2) The present application can automatically improve the collection frequency before and after the specific satellite remote sensor overtops, and improve the calibration precision of the specific satellite remote sensor;

[0015] (3) The present application can simultaneously obtain long sequence observation data of the ground and the atmosphere, which is helpful to understand the change of the surface and the atmosphere of the calibration field itself. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a high-precision automatic ground-to-sky radiometer observation method step flow chart of the present application.

[0017] Figure 2 It is an observation flow chart in the embodiment of the present application.

[0018] Figure 3 It is a SUN mode observation schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present application.

[0019] Figure 4 It is an ALM mode and ALMH mode observation schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present application.

[0020] Figure 5 It is a PPL mode and PPLH mode observation schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present application.

[0021] Figure 6 It is an EARTH mode observation schematic diagram of the present application.

[0022] Figure 7 It is a SYNC mode observation schematic diagram of the present application.

[0023] Figure 8 It is a SKYCLB mode and ERTCLB mode observation schematic diagram of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] A high-precision automatic ground-air radiometer observation method, comprising the following steps:

[0025] Step 1, the high-precision automatic ground-air radiometer is observed according to the normal working mode, specifically:

[0026] The high-precision automatic ground-air radiometer runs the EARTH mode observation once every a minutes.

[0027] When the atmospheric quality is less than the set threshold, the high-precision automatic ground-air radiometer runs the SUN mode observation once every b minutes; when the atmospheric quality is greater than or equal to the set threshold, the high-precision automatic ground-air radiometer runs the SUN mode observation once every c atmospheric quality variation values.

[0028] When the atmospheric quality is less than the set threshold, the high-precision automatic ground-air radiometer runs the ALM mode and the PPL mode observation once every d minutes; when the atmospheric quality is greater than or equal to the set threshold, the high-precision automatic ground-air radiometer stops running the ALM mode and the PPL mode observation.

[0029] Step 2, before and after the satellite remote sensor overtops, the high-precision automatic ground-air radiometer is observed according to the satellite remote sensor overtop data, specifically:

[0030] i hours before the satellite remote sensor overtops, the high-precision automatic ground-air radiometer receives the satellite remote sensor overtop calibration field time, observation zenith angle, and observation azimuth angle information;

[0031] The high-precision automatic ground-air radiometer runs the SYNC mode observation once after each EARTH mode observation, and in addition, the ALMH mode and the PPLH mode are alternately run every e minutes.

[0032] j hours after the satellite remote sensor overtops, the normal working mode is restored.

[0033] Step 3, the high-precision automatic ground-air radiometer restores the normal working mode for observation;

[0034] Step 4, according to the requirements, the high-precision automatic ground-air radiometer performs sky brightness channel laboratory calibration observation and ground brightness channel laboratory calibration observation, specifically:

[0035] The high-precision automatic ground-air radiometer runs the SKYCLB mode, and the radiometer sky brightness channel automatically scans f groups of data in turn;

[0036] The ground brightness channel laboratory calibration observation is that the high-precision automatic ground-air radiometer runs the ERTCLB mode, and the radiometer ground brightness channel automatically scans g groups of data in turn.

[0037] The EARTH mode, i.e. the earth observation mode, has the following procedure: the high-precision automatic ground-air radiometer optical tube is perpendicular to the ground, the ground radiation brightness data is collected by the ground radiation brightness channel, and multiple sets of data are continuously collected;

[0038] The EARTH mode is used to measure the radiation brightness in the vertical direction of the calibration field, and is used to calculate the vertical surface reflectivity;

[0039] The SUN mode, i.e. the direct solar radiation mode, has the following procedure: the observation zenith angle and azimuth angle of the high-precision automatic ground-air radiometer are adjusted to be consistent with the satellite remote sensor, i.e. Rad Sat , The ground radiation brightness data is collected by the ground radiation brightness channel, and multiple sets of data are continuously collected;

[0040] wherein, represents the zenith angle and azimuth angle of the sun, represents the observation zenith angle and azimuth angle of the high-precision automatic ground-air radiometer;

[0041] The SUN mode is used to measure the direct solar radiation intensity, and can be used to retrieve the aerosol optical thickness.

[0042] The ALM mode, i.e. the sun equator scanning mode, has the following procedure: the high-precision automatic ground-air radiometer tracks the sun, at this time Rad Sun ,

[0043] The high-precision automatic ground-air radiometer keeps the zenith angle unchanged, and collects multiple data at the azimuth angle of wherein x is any degree between 0 and 180°, and if then

[0044] The high-precision automatic ground-air radiometer tracks the sun, at this time Rad Sun ,

[0045] The high-precision automatic ground-air radiometer keeps the zenith angle unchanged, and collects multiple data at the azimuth angle of wherein x is any degree between 0 and 180°, and if then

[0046] The equator scanning (ALM, almucantar) means that the zenith angle of the radiometer optical tube is unchanged, and the observation azimuth angle is changed in turn and data is collected;

[0047] ​​​The PPL mode, i.e., the solar principal plane scanning mode, has the following procedure: the high-precision automatic ground-based radiometer tracks the sun, i.e., θ Rad = θ Sun ,

[0048] The azimuth angle of the high-precision automatic ground-based radiometer is unchanged, and the high-precision automatic ground-based radiometer collects multiple sets of data at the zenith angle θ Rad = (θ Sun +y), where y is an arbitrary degree, and θ Rad ≤ 75°;

[0049] The high-precision automatic ground-based radiometer tracks the sun, i.e., θ Rad = θ Sun ,

[0050] The high-precision automatic ground-based radiometer collects data at the zenith angle θ Rad = (θ Sun -y), where y is an arbitrary degree, and θ Rad ≥ 0°;

[0051] The azimuth angle of the high-precision automatic ground-based radiometer is adjusted to θ The radiometer collects data at the zenith angle θ Rad = -(θ Sun -y), where 0° < θ Rad ≤ 75°.

[0052] The principal plane scanning (PPL) refers to the azimuth angle of the radiometer optical barrel being unchanged, and the observation zenith angle being sequentially changed and data being collected; here, it refers to the principal plane scanning of the sun.

[0053] The SYNC mode, i.e., the in-orbit synchronization mode, has the following procedure: the satellite remote sensor has an observation zenith angle and azimuth angle of θ The high-precision automatic ground-based radiometer has an observation zenith angle and azimuth angle of θ The observation zenith angle and azimuth angle of the radiometer are adjusted to be consistent with the satellite remote sensor, i.e., θ Rad = θ Sat , The radiometer collects ground radiation brightness data from the ground radiation brightness channel, and continuously collects multiple sets of data;

[0054] The SYNC mode is used to measure the ground reflectivity of the remote sensor observation direction calibration field, and can reduce the influence of BRDF (Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function) on the calibration result in the field calibration process.

[0055] The ALMH mode, or hemispherical parallel scanning mode, involves the following process: a high-precision automated ground-to-space radiometer tracks the solar zenith angle, i.e., θ. Rad =θ Sun ;

[0056] The zenith angle of the high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer is θ. Rad =(θ Sun When -y)>0°, and y is any degree between 0 and 60°, adjust the azimuth angle of the radiometer at... Multiple sets of data were collected from the sky radiance channel, where x is any degree between 0 and 180°. but

[0057] The zenith angle of the high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer is θ. Rad =(θ Sun When +y)≤75°, and y is any degree between 0 and 60°, adjust the azimuth angle of the radiometer at... Multiple sets of data were collected from the sky radiance channel, where x is any degree between 0 and 180°. but

[0058] The ALMH mode, also known as the hemisphere lateral latitude scan, is a scan of the parallel latitudes outside the sun.

[0059] The PPLH mode, or hemispherical principal plane scanning mode, involves the following process: a high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer tracks the solar azimuth angle, i.e.

[0060] A high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer at an azimuth angle of At each location, the zenith angle is adjusted to any degree between 0 and 90°, and data is collected multiple times by scanning the sky radiation channel of the radiometer; where x is any degree between -90° and 60°;

[0061] The radiometer is at an azimuth angle of x = any degree between -90° and 60°, with the zenith angle adjusted to 0-90° respectively, and multiple sets of data collected by the sky radiance channel of the radiometer.

[0062] PPLH mode, also known as principal plan in the hemisphere scan, is a non-solar principal plane scan.

[0063] The almucantar (ALM) scan and principal plane (PPL) scan, where the sun is located, are used to retrieve the microphysical and optical properties of atmospheric aerosols. Under stable atmospheric conditions, solar halo measurements and large-scale scattering angle skylight measurements are performed to estimate aerosol particle distribution and phase functions. The hemispherical almucantar and principal plane scans are used to simulate sky brightness to obtain the diffuse irradiance of ground observation points, and then obtain the total irradiance value of the ground observation points.

[0064] The SKYCLB mode, namely the sky brightness channel calibration mode, has the following process: a high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer is aligned with a standard brightness source under standard conditions, and the radiometer continuously collects multiple sets of data based on the sky brightness channel; the SKYCLB mode is used for laboratory radiometric calibration of the sky brightness channel.

[0065] The ERTCLB mode, or ground brightness channel calibration mode, involves the following process: a high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer is aligned with a standard brightness source in a standard environment, and the radiometer continuously collects multiple sets of data based on the ground brightness channel. The ERTCLB mode is used for laboratory radiometric calibration of the ground brightness channel.

[0066] The present invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0067] Example

[0068] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 2 A high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer observation method includes the following steps:

[0069] Step 1: The high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer performs observations according to its normal operating mode, specifically as follows:

[0070] The high-precision automated ground-to-ground radiometer performs an EARTH mode observation facing the ground every 2 minutes.

[0071] When the atmospheric quality is less than the set threshold (the threshold is set to 2 in this embodiment), the high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer runs SUN mode observation once every 10 minutes. When the atmospheric quality is greater than or equal to the set threshold, the high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer runs SUN mode observation once every 0.5 atmospheric quality changes.

[0072] When the atmospheric quality is less than the set threshold (the threshold is set to 2 in this embodiment), the high-precision automated air-to-ground radiometer runs ALM mode and PPL mode observations every 30 minutes. When the atmospheric quality is greater than or equal to the set threshold, the high-precision automated air-to-ground radiometer stops running ALM and PPL mode observations.

[0073] Step 2: Before and after the satellite remote sensor passes overhead, the high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer performs observations based on the satellite remote sensor's overhead data. Specifically:

[0074] One hour before the satellite remote sensor passes overhead, the high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer receives information on the time of the satellite remote sensor's overhead calibration field, the observed zenith angle, and the observed azimuth angle.

[0075] The high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer runs a SYNC mode observation immediately after each EARTH mode observation, and alternates between ALMH mode and PPLH mode at 10-minute intervals.

[0076] The satellite remote sensor resumed normal operation 0.5 hours after passing overhead.

[0077] Step 3: The high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer resumes normal operating mode for observation;

[0078] Step 4: As required, the high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer performs laboratory calibration observations of the sky brightness channel and the ground brightness channel, specifically as follows:

[0079] The high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer operates in SKYCLB mode, automatically scanning 20 sets of data in the radiometer's sky brightness channel.

[0080] The laboratory calibration observation of the ground brightness channel was conducted as follows: the high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer was operated in ERTCLB mode, and the radiometer's ground brightness channel automatically scanned 20 sets of data in rotation.

[0081] The EARTH mode, or Earth observation mode, involves the following process: the high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer tube is placed perpendicular to the ground, and ground radiance data is collected through the ground radiance channel, with three sets of data collected continuously.

[0082] The EARTH mode is used to measure the radiance in the vertical direction of the calibration field and to calculate the vertical surface reflectance.

[0083] The SUN mode, or direct solar irradiation mode, involves adjusting the observation zenith angle and azimuth angle of a high-precision automated ground-to-ground radiometer to match those of the satellite remote sensor, i.e., θ. Rad =θ Sat , Ground radiance data were collected from the ground radiance channel, and three sets of data were collected continuously.

[0084] in, Indicates the zenith angle and azimuth angle of the sun. This indicates the zenith angle and azimuth angle observed by a high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer.

[0085] The SUN mode is used to measure direct solar irradiance and can be used to invert aerosol optical thickness.

[0086] The ALM mode, or solar mean latitude scanning mode, involves the following process: a high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer tracks the sun, at which point θ... Rad =θ Sun ,

[0087] The high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer maintains a constant zenith angle at an azimuth angle of [missing information]. Data was collected multiple times from the sky radiance channel; where xx = 2°, 2.5°, 3°, 3.5°, 4°, 4.5°, 5°, 6°, 7°, 8°, 9°, 10°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°, 120°, 150°, 180°. but

[0088] A high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer tracks the sun, at which point θ Rad =θ Sun ,

[0089] The high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer maintains a constant zenith angle at an azimuth angle of [missing information]. Data was collected multiple times from the sky radiance channel, where x = 2°, 2.5°, 3°, 3.5°, 4°, 4.5°, 5°, 6°, 7°, 8°, 9°, 10°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°, 120°, and 150°. but

[0090] Almighty circle scanning (ALM) refers to the process where the zenith angle of the radiometer's optical tube remains constant while the observation azimuth angle changes sequentially and data is collected.

[0091] The PPL mode, or solar principal plane scanning mode, involves the following process: a high-precision automated ground-to-space radiometer tracks the sun, i.e., θ... Rad =θ Sun ,

[0092] The azimuth angle of the high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer remains constant, and the zenith angle of the high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer is θ. Rad =(θ Sun Multiple sets of data were collected from the sky radiance channel at the location +y), where y = 2°, 2.5°, 3°, 3.5°, 4°, 4.5°, 5°, 6°, 7°, 8°, 9°, 10°, 15°, 30°, 45°, and 60°, and θ Rad ≤75°;

[0093] High-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer tracks the sun, i.e., θ Rad =θ Sun ,

[0094] A high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer at a zenith angle of θ Rad =(θ Sun Data at point -y) is collected from the sky radiance channel, where y = 2°, 2.5°, 3°, 3.5°, 4°, 4.5°, 5°, 6°, 7°, 8°, 9°, 10°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°, 120°, 150° and θ Rad ≥0°;

[0095] Adjust the azimuth angle of the high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer to The radiometer is at a zenith angle of θ Rad =-(θ) Sun Data at -y) is collected from the sky radiance channel, where 0° < θ Rad ≤75°.

[0096] Principal plan (PPL) refers to the process of keeping the azimuth angle of the radiometer's tube constant while observing the zenith angle and collecting data; here, it refers to scanning the principal plane where the sun is located.

[0097] The SYNC mode, or on-orbit synchronization mode, proceeds as follows: the satellite remote sensor observes the zenith angle and azimuth angle... The high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer observes the zenith angle and azimuth angle. Adjust the radiometer's zenith angle and azimuth angle to match those of the satellite remote sensor, i.e., θ. Rad =θ Sat , The radiometer collects ground radiance data from the ground radiance channel, continuously collecting three sets of data.

[0098] The SYNC mode is used to measure the surface reflectance of the calibration field in the observation direction of the remote sensor, which can reduce the influence of BRDF (Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function) on the calibration results during the site calibration process.

[0099] The ALMH mode, or hemispherical parallel scanning mode, involves the following process: a high-precision automated ground-to-space radiometer tracks the solar zenith angle, i.e., θ. Rad =θ Sun ;

[0100] The zenith angle of the high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer is θ. Rad =(θSun When -y)>0°, y=5°, 10°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, adjust the azimuth angle of the radiometer at respectively... Multiple sets of data were collected from the sky radiance channel, x = 5°, 10°, 15°, 30°, 60°, 90°, 120°, 150°. but

[0101] The zenith angle of the high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer is θ. Rad =(θ Sun When +y)≤75°, and y=5°, 10°, 15°, 30°, 45°, and 60°, adjust the azimuth angle of the radiometer at the following values ​​respectively: Multiple sets of data were collected from the sky radiance channel, x = 5°, 10°, 15°, 30°, 60°, 90°, 120°, 150°. but

[0102] The ALMH mode, also known as the hemisphere lateral latitude scan, is a scan of the parallel latitudes outside the sun.

[0103] The PPLH mode, or hemispherical principal plane scanning mode, involves the following process: a high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer tracks the solar azimuth angle, i.e.

[0104] A high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer at an azimuth angle of At x = -5°, -10°, -15°, -30°, -60°, -90°, 5°, 10°, 15°, 30°, 60°, the zenith angle was adjusted to 75°, 60°, 45°, 30°, 15°, 0° respectively, and data was collected multiple times by scanning the sky radiation channel of the radiometer.

[0105] The radiometer is at an azimuth angle of At x = -5°, -10°, -15°, -30°, -60°, -90°, 5°, 10°, 15°, 30°, and 60°, the zenith angle was adjusted to 15°, 45°, and 75° respectively, and multiple sets of data were collected from the sky radiance channel of the radiometer.

[0106] PPLH mode, also known as principal plan in the hemisphere scan, is a non-solar principal plane scan.

[0107] The almucantar (ALM) scan and principal plane (PPL) scan, where the sun is located, are used to retrieve the microphysical and optical properties of atmospheric aerosols. Under stable atmospheric conditions, solar halo measurements and large-scale scattering angle skylight measurements are performed to estimate aerosol particle distribution and phase functions. The hemispherical almucantar and principal plane scans are used to simulate sky brightness to obtain the diffuse irradiance of ground observation points, and then obtain the total irradiance value of the ground observation points.

[0108] The SKYCLB mode, namely the sky brightness channel calibration mode, has the following process: a high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer is aligned with a standard brightness source, usually an integrating sphere or a reference plate, under standard conditions (laboratory environment). The radiometer continuously collects 20 sets of data based on the sky brightness channel. The SKYCLB mode is used for laboratory radiometric calibration of the sky brightness channel.

[0109] The ERTCLB mode, or ground brightness channel calibration mode, involves the following process: a high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer is aligned with a standard brightness source, typically an integrating sphere or a reference plate, in a standard environment (laboratory environment). The radiometer then continuously collects 20 sets of data based on the ground brightness channel. The ERTCLB mode is used for laboratory radiometric calibration of the ground brightness channel.

[0110] The technical solution of this invention is based on parameters such as direct solar irradiance, sky irradiance, vertical ground radiance, and ground radiance at the observation angle of a satellite remote sensor, obtained by a high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer. These parameters are used to invert aerosol optical thickness, particle distribution, phase function, vertical ground reflectance, satellite remote sensor-synchronized surface reflectance, and sky diffuse irradiance. This allows for the acquisition of long-sequence spectral parameters of the calibration field, analysis of the changing trends of atmospheric and surface spectral characteristics of the calibration field, and improvement of the accuracy of automated site calibration.

[0111] The above embodiments illustrate and describe the basic principles and main features of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the present invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed.

Claims

1. A high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer observation method, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: The high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer performs observations according to its normal operating mode: A high-precision automated ground-to-ground radiometer performs an EARTH mode observation facing the ground every a minutes. When the atmospheric quality is less than the set threshold, the high-precision automated air-to-ground radiometer runs SUN mode observation every b minutes. When the atmospheric quality is greater than or equal to the set threshold, the high-precision automated air-to-ground radiometer runs SUN mode observation every c atmospheric quality changes. When the atmospheric quality is less than the set threshold, the high-precision automated air-to-ground radiometer runs ALM mode and PPL mode observations every d minutes. When the atmospheric quality is greater than or equal to the set threshold, the high-precision automated air-to-ground radiometer stops running ALM and PPL mode observations. The high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer performs observations based on overhead data from satellite remote sensors, specifically: i hours before the satellite remote sensor passes overhead, the high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer receives information on the time, observation zenith angle, and observation azimuth angle of the satellite remote sensor's overhead calibration field. The high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer runs a SYNC mode observation immediately after each EARTH mode observation, and alternately runs ALMH mode and PPLH mode at e-minute intervals. The satellite remote sensor will resume normal operation mode j hours after passing overhead; Step 2: Before and after the satellite remote sensor passes overhead, the high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer makes observations based on the satellite remote sensor's overhead data; Step 3: The high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer resumes normal operating mode for observation; Step 4: As required, the high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer performs laboratory calibration observations of the sky brightness channel and the ground brightness channel.

2. The high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer observation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The EARTH mode process is as follows: the high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer tube is placed perpendicular to the ground, and ground radiance data is collected through the ground radiance channel, and multiple sets of data are collected continuously. The SUN mode procedure is as follows: Adjust the observation zenith angle and azimuth angle of the high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer to be consistent with those of the satellite remote sensor, i.e., θ Rad =θ Sat , Ground radiance data is collected via the ground radiance channel, and multiple sets of data are collected continuously. in, Indicates the zenith angle and azimuth angle of the sun. This indicates the zenith angle and azimuth angle observed by a high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer. The ALM mode procedure is as follows: a high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer tracks the sun, at which point θ... Rad =θ Sun , The high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer maintains a constant zenith angle at an azimuth angle of [missing information]. Data was collected multiple times from the sky radiance channel; where x is any degree between 0 and 180°. but A high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer tracks the sun at this time. The high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer maintains a constant zenith angle at an azimuth angle of [missing information]. Data was collected multiple times from the sky radiance channel, where x is any degree between 0 and 180°. but The PPL mode process is as follows: a high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer tracks the sun, i.e., θ Rad =θ Sun , The azimuth angle of the high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer remains constant, and the zenith angle of the high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer is θ. Rad =(θ Sun Multiple sets of data were collected at the location +y) from the sky radiance channel, where y is an arbitrary degree and θ Rad ≤75°; High-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer tracks the sun, i.e., θ Rad =θ Sun , A high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer at a zenith angle of θ Rad =(θ Sun Data at (-y) is collected from the sky radiance channel, where y is the degree value and θ is the radiance value. Rad ≥0°; Adjust the azimuth angle of the high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer to The radiometer is at a zenith angle of θ Rad =-(θ) Sun Data at -y) is collected from the sky radiance channel, where 0° < θ Rad ≤75°.

3. The high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer observation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The EARTH mode process is as follows: the high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer tube is placed perpendicular to the ground, and ground radiance data is collected through the ground radiance channel, and multiple sets of data are collected continuously. The SYNC mode procedure is as follows: the satellite remote sensor observes the zenith angle and azimuth angle... The high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer observes the zenith angle and azimuth angle. Adjust the radiometer's zenith and azimuth angles to match those of the satellite remote sensor. The radiometer collects ground radiance data from the ground radiance channel, continuously acquiring multiple sets of data. The ALMH mode procedure is as follows: a high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer tracks the solar zenith angle, i.e., θ. Rad =θ Sun ; The zenith angle of the high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer is θ. Rad =(θ Sun When -y)>0°, and y is any degree between 0 and 60°, adjust the azimuth angle of the radiometer at... Multiple sets of data were collected from the sky radiance channel, where x is any degree between 0 and 180°. but The zenith angle of the high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer is θ. Rad =(θ Sun When +y)≤75°, and y is any degree between 0 and 60°, adjust the azimuth angle of the radiometer at... Multiple sets of data were collected from the sky radiance channel, where x is any degree between 0 and 180°. but The PPLH mode process is as follows: a high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer tracks the solar azimuth angle, i.e. A high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer at an azimuth angle of At each location, the zenith angle is adjusted to any degree between 0 and 90°, and data is collected multiple times by scanning the sky radiation channel of the radiometer; where x is any degree between -90° and 60°; The radiometer is at an azimuth angle of x = any degree between -90° and 60°, with the zenith angle adjusted to 0-90° respectively, and multiple sets of data collected by the sky radiance channel of the radiometer.

4. The high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer observation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The laboratory calibration observations of the sky brightness channel and the ground brightness channel in step 4 are specifically as follows: The high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer operates in SKYCLB mode, automatically scanning f sets of data in the radiometer's sky brightness channel. The laboratory calibration observation of the ground brightness channel was conducted as follows: the high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer was running in ERTCLB mode, and the radiometer's ground brightness channel automatically scanned g sets of data in a cyclic manner. The SKYCLB mode process is as follows: A high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer is aligned with a standard brightness source under standard conditions, and the radiometer continuously collects multiple sets of data based on the sky brightness channel. The ERTCLB mode process is as follows: a high-precision automated ground-to-air radiometer is aligned with a standard brightness source in a standard environment, and the radiometer continuously collects multiple sets of data based on the ground brightness channel.

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