Wireless communication method and communication device

Abstract

The present disclosure provides wireless communication methods and communication devices. The present disclosure provides a solution for global CSD allocation for dRU transmission in wireless communication. In one embodiment, a wireless communication method is provided, which can include a processor of a device applying a cyclic shift delay (CSD) index allocation when distributing a plurality of subcarriers of a resource unit (RU) over a bandwidth, thereby generating an extremely high throughput short training field (EHT-STF) of a distributed tone RU (dRU); the processor transmitting a symbol of the EHT-STF of the dRU; wherein the CSD index allocation can be based on a dRU hierarchy that supports one or more CSD indexes being shared by a plurality of dRUs having different sizes but not being shared by a plurality of dRUs having the same size.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to wireless communications, and more particularly to a global cyclic shift delay (CSD) allocation scheme for distributed tone resource unit transmission in wireless communications. BACKGROUND

[0002] The methods described in this section are not prior art to the claims listed below and are not admitted to be prior art by virtue of their inclusion in this section.

[0003] Low-Power Indoor (LPI) applications in 6GHz have strict Power Spectral Density (PSD) requirements, which often result in lower transmit power and shorter coverage. One way to improve coverage is to distribute regular Resource Unit (RU) tones (interchangeably referred to herein as “rRU”, “regular RU”, or “logical RU”) over a wider bandwidth or larger frequency subblock, resulting in staggered, interleaved, or distributed tone RUs (dRUs) and distributed tone Multi-Resource Units (dMRUs) to improve transmit power and achieve better coverage for 6GHz Low-Power Indoor (LPI) systems. Unlike regular RUs (rRUs) where subcarriers are substantially contiguous or adjacent to each other, subcarriers in dRUs or dMRUs are distributed over a wider bandwidth, and thus are separated by different distances between tones.

[0004] It has been proposed that Extremely-High-Throughput Short Training Field (EHT-STF) transmissions for dRUs will use the EHT-STF sequence defined for the allocated bandwidth in the following manner: subcarrier range (Kr) = 242 tones rRU (or rRU242) for all dRUs on 20 MHz bandwidth (or BW20), Kr = 484 tones rRU (or rRU484) for all dRUs on 40 MHz bandwidth (or BW40), and Kr = 996 tones rRU (or rRU996) for all dRUs on 80 MHz bandwidth (or BW80). However, the EHT-STF symbols using the same EHT-STF sequence are added together from multiple dRU stations (STAs), which can cause unintentional beamforming issues, resulting in inaccurate power measurements and Automatic Gain Control (AGC) adjustments. Applying CSD to the transmitted signal can be used to mitigate the unintentional beamforming issues. However, how to allocate the global CSD indices (to avoid the same CSD index being reused or overlapped to improve power measurement accuracy) remains to be defined. Therefore, there is a need for a solution for global CSD allocation for dRU transmissions in wireless communications. SUMMARY

[0005] The present disclosure provides a wireless communication method and a communication device, and provides a solution for global CSD allocation for dRU transmissions in wireless communications.

[0006] In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a wireless communication method, which can include: a processor of an apparatus applying a cyclic shift delay (CSD) index allocation when distributing a plurality of subcarriers of a resource unit (RU) over a bandwidth, thereby generating an Extremely-High-Throughput Short Training Field (EHT-STF) of a distributed tone RU (dRU); the processor transmitting a symbol of the EHT-STF of the dRU; wherein the CSD index allocation can be based on a dRU hierarchy that supports one or more CSD indices being shared by a plurality of dRUs having different sizes but not being shared by a plurality of dRUs having the same size.

[0007] In another embodiment, the present application provides a communication apparatus comprising: a transceiver configured to perform wireless communication; and a processor coupled to the transceiver, the processor configured to perform operations of: applying a cyclic shift delay (CSD) index allocation when distributing a plurality of subcarriers of a resource unit (RU) over a bandwidth, thereby generating an ultra-high throughput short training field (EHT-STF) of a distributed tone RU (dRU); and transmitting, by the transceiver, a symbol of the EHT-STF of the dRU; wherein the CSD index allocation is based on a dRU hierarchy that supports one or more CSD indexes to be shared by a plurality of dRUs having different sizes and not shared by a plurality of dRUs having the same size. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0008] Figure 1 An example network environment 100 in which various solutions and schemes according to the present application can be implemented is illustrated.

[0009] Figure 2 An example design 200 under the proposed scheme is shown.

[0010] Figure 3 An example design 300 under the proposed scheme is shown.

[0011] Figure 4 An example design 400 under the proposed scheme is shown.

[0012] Figure 5 An example scenario 500 under the proposed scheme is shown.

[0013] Figure 6 An example scenario 600 under the proposed scheme is shown.

[0014] Figure 7 An example design 700 under the proposed scheme according to the present application is shown.

[0015] Figure 8 An example design 800 under the proposed scheme is illustrated.

[0016] Figure 9 An example design 900 under the proposed scheme according to the present application is illustrated.

[0017] Figure 10 An example design 1000 under the proposed scheme is illustrated.

[0018] Figure 11 An example design 1100 under the proposed scheme according to the present application is shown.

[0019] Figure 12 An example design 1200 under the proposed scheme according to the present application is shown.

[0020] Figure 13 An example design 1300 under the proposed scheme according to the present application is shown.

[0021] Figure 14 An example design 1400 under the proposed scheme is illustrated.

[0022] Figure 15 An example design 1500 under the proposed scheme according to the present application is shown.

[0023] Figure 16 An example design 1600 under the proposed scheme is illustrated.

[0024] Figure 17 An example scenario 1700 of simulation results for Option-1, Option-2, Option-3 and Option-4 of design 1600 for BW20 is shown.

[0025] Figure 18 An example design 1800 under the proposed scheme according to the present application is shown.

[0026] Figure 19 An example design 1900 under the proposed scheme according to the present application is shown.

[0027] Figure 20 An example design 2000 under the proposed scheme according to the present application is shown.

[0028] Figure 21 An example scenario 2100 of simulation results for Option-1, Option-2, Option-3 and Option-4 of design 2000 for BW20 is shown.

[0029] Figure 22 An example design 2200 under the proposed scheme according to the present application is shown.

[0030] Figure 23 An example scenario 2300 of simulation results for Option-1, Option-2 and Option-3 of design 2200 for BW40 is shown.

[0031] Figure 24 An example design 2400 under the proposed scheme according to the present application is shown.

[0032] Figure 25 An example scenario 2500 of simulation results for Option-1, Option-2, Option-3 and Option-4 of design 2400 for BW80 is shown.

[0033] Figure 26 An example design 2600 under the proposed scheme according to the present application is shown.

[0034] Figure 27An example design 2700 under the proposed scheme is illustrated.

[0035] Figure 28 An example design 2800 under the proposed scheme according to the present invention is shown.

[0036] Figure 29 An example design 2900 under the proposed scheme is illustrated.

[0037] Figure 30 An example design 3000 under the proposed scheme according to the present invention is shown.

[0038] Figure 31 An example design 3100 under the proposed scheme is illustrated.

[0039] Figure 32 An example design 3200 under the proposed scheme according to the present invention is shown.

[0040] Figure 33 An example design 3300 under the proposed scheme is illustrated.

[0041] Figure 34 An example design 3400 under the proposed scheme according to the present invention is shown.

[0042] Figure 35 And Figure 36 An example design 3500 and 3600 under the proposed scheme is illustrated.

[0043] Figure 37 An example design 3700 under the proposed scheme according to the present invention is shown.

[0044] Figure 38 And Figure 39 An example design 3800 and 3900 under the proposed scheme is illustrated.

[0045] Figure 40 An example system 4000 having at least an example apparatus 4010 and an example apparatus 4020 according to an embodiment of the present invention is illustrated.

[0046] Figure 41 An example process 4100 according to an embodiment of the present invention is illustrated. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] Reference will now be made in detail to several embodiments. While the subject matter will be described in the general context of "embodiments" that can be implemented in an alternative embodiment, it should be understood that the

[0048] Moreover, in the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the claimed subject matter. However, it will be recognized by one skilled in the art that embodiments of the present application can be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, and circuits have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the claimed subject matter.

[0049] SUMMARY

[0050] Embodiments in accordance with the present application relate to various techniques, methods, schemes, and / or solutions related to global CSD allocation for dRU transmissions in wireless communications. According to the present application, a number of possible solutions can be implemented individually or jointly. That is, while the following can describe these possible solutions separately, two or more of these possible solutions can be implemented in one combination or another.

[0051] Notably, in the present application, a regular RU (rRU) refers to a RU having tones that are contiguous (e.g., adjacent to each other) and not staggered, interleaved, or otherwise distributed. Moreover, a 26-tone regular RU can be interchangeably denoted as RU26 (or rRU26), a 52-tone regular RU can be interchangeably denoted as RU52 (or rRU52), a 106-tone regular RU can be interchangeably denoted as RU106 (or rRU106), a 242-tone regular RU can be interchangeably denoted as RU242 (or rRU242), and so on. Furthermore, an aggregated (26+52)-tone regular MRU can be interchangeably denoted as MRU78 (or rMRU78), an aggregated (26+106)-tone regular MRU can be interchangeably denoted as MRU132 (or rMRU132), and so on. Moreover, in the present application, a 26-tone distributed tone RU can be interchangeably denoted as dRU26, a 52-tone distributed tone RU can be interchangeably denoted as dRU52, a 106-tone distributed tone RU can be interchangeably denoted as dRU106, a 242-tone distributed tone RU can be interchangeably denoted as dRU242, and so on. Additionally, an aggregated (26+52)-tone distributed MRU can be interchangeably denoted as dMRU78, an aggregated (26+106)-tone distributed MRU can be interchangeably denoted as dMRU132, and so on.

[0052] Since the above examples are merely illustrative examples and not an exhaustive list of all possibilities, the above principles apply equally to other differently sized (or different number of tones) regular RUs, distributed tone RUs, MRUs, and distributed tone MRUs. It is also worth noting that in the present disclosure, a 20 MHz bandwidth can be interchangeably denoted as BW20, a 40 MHz bandwidth can be interchangeably denoted as BW40, an 80 MHz bandwidth can be interchangeably denoted as BW80, a 160 MHz bandwidth can be interchangeably denoted as BW160, a 240 MHz bandwidth can be interchangeably denoted as BW240, and a 320 MHz bandwidth can be interchangeably denoted as BW320. It is further worth noting that in the present disclosure, a 26-tone interleaved tone (or interlaced tone) RU can be interchangeably denoted as iRU26 and dRU26 (26-tone distributed tone RU), a 52-tone interleaved tone (or interlaced tone) RU can be interchangeably denoted as iRU52 and dRU52 (52-tone distributed tone RU), a 106-tone interleaved tone (or interlaced tone) RU can be interchangeably denoted as iRU106 and dRU106 (106-tone distributed tone RU), a 242-tone interleaved tone (or interlaced tone) RU can be interchangeably denoted as iRU242 and dRU242 (242-tone distributed tone RU), and a 484-tone interleaved tone (or interlaced tone) RU can be interchangeably denoted as iRU484 and dRU484 (484-tone distributed tone RU).

[0053] Figure 1 An example network environment 100 in which various solutions and schemes according to the present disclosure can be implemented is illustrated. Figures 2-39 An example illustrating implementation of various proposed schemes in the network environment 100 according to the present disclosure is illustrated. Reference is made to Figures 1-39 The following description of various proposed schemes is provided.

[0054] Reference is made to Figure 1 The network environment 100 can include a communication entity 110 and a communication entity 120 for wireless communication (e.g., in a WLAN in accordance with one or more IEEE 802.11 standards). For example, the communication entity 110 can be a first STA and the communication entity 120 can be a second STA, where each of the first and second STAs can function as an access point (AP) STA or a non-AP STA. As described herein, under various proposed schemes according to the present disclosure, the communication entity 110 and the communication entity 120 can be configured to use a global CSD allocation scheme for dRU transmissions in wireless communication.

[0055] For global CSD index allocation, one method for global CSD start index allocation can be based on the identification (ID) of each STA or based on the association ID (AID) 12 in the user info field, and the CSD start index of each STA can be calculated using a modulo operation as follows: CSD start index = mod(AID 12, maxNss), where maxNss represents the maximum number of spatial streams, and maxNss = 8 or 16. Another method for global CSD start index allocation can be based on random generation at each STA. However, both methods above often have the problem of CSD index overlap, i.e., one CSD index can be reused or shared by multiple STAs.

[0056] In one proposed scheme according to the present disclosure, to avoid or reduce the problem of CSD index overlap, global CSD start index allocation can be based on the dRU hierarchical structure. Similar to rRU, dRU can also maintain a hierarchical structure. For example, dRU 52_1 is composed of dRU 26_1 and dRU 26_2, dRU 106_1 is composed of dRU 52_1 and dRU 52_2, and so on. When the AP performs dRU allocation, the AP follows the dRU hierarchical structure to avoid dRU tone overlap. Figure 2 An example design 200 under the proposed scheme is shown. As can be seen from design 200, the dRU hierarchical structure for BW 20 is shown in the upper half of Figure 2 , while the global CSD start index allocation for dRUs on BW 20 is shown in the lower half of Figure 2 . Thus, when dRU 52_1 is allocated to one user, dRU 26_1 and dRU 26_2 will not be scheduled to any STA. As a result, the same CSD index can be allocated to dRU 26_1 and dRU 26_2 without encountering the problem of CSD index overlap. Furthermore, by using the same dRU hierarchical structure, a given CSD index can be shared by different sizes of dRUs but not by the same size of dRUs.

[0057] Since the available CSD values have a limited number (e.g., for maxNss = 8, there are at most 8 CSD values, and for maxNss = 16, there are at most 16 CSD values), limiting the sharing of CSDs among different sizes of dRUs to the sharing of CSDs among the same size of dRUs can enhance the efficiency of using the limited CSD values, thereby reducing the likelihood of CSD index overlap.

[0058] In one proposed solution according to the present disclosure, for a dRU scheduled with multiple spatial streams (Nss>1), the CSD range for the dRU can be expressed as follows:

[0059] mod([CSD start index: CSD start index + Nss - 1] - 1, maxNss) + 1 For example, when assuming the first CSD index is “1”, for maxNss=8, CSD start index = 7, and Nss=4, the CSD index range can be mod([7:7+4-1]-1,8)+1=[7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14]. When the first CSD index is “0”, the CSD range for the dRU can be expressed as follows:

[0060] mod([CSD start index: CSD start index + Nss - 1], maxNss)

[0061] Figure 3 An example design 300 under the proposed solution is shown. Specifically, the design 300 is about CSD index allocation when maxNss=8. It is noted that for BW20, the first start index is assumed to be “1” in the design 300 (although the start index can also be “0” (in which case, the indices in each table in Figure 3 can simply be reduced by 1)). It is noted that for BW40 and BW80, the CSD index allocation can be further optimized.

[0062] Figure 4 An example design 400 under the proposed solution is shown. Specifically, the design 400 is about CSD index allocation when maxNss=16. It is noted that for BW20, the first start index is assumed to be “1” in the design 400 (although the start index can also be “0” (in which case, the indices in each table in Figure 4 can simply be reduced by 1)). It is noted that for BW40 and BW80, the CSD index allocation can be further optimized.

[0063] Figure 5 An example scenario 500 under the proposed solution is shown. Specifically, the scenario 500 is an example scenario where the CSD index allocation based on the dRU hierarchy significantly reduces CSD index overlap. Figure 6 An example scenario 600 under the proposed solution is shown. Specifically, the scenario 600 is an example scenario where the accuracy of EHT-STF power measurement is significantly improved by using global CSD based on the CSD index allocation based on the dRU hierarchy. It is noted that, Figure 6The simulation curves generated in the middle are done assuming ideal synchronization (e.g., no timing error or frequency error) for each STA. It is also worth noting that the accuracy of the power measurement is computed by the difference (or power delta) between the EHT-STF symbol and the data symbol.

[0064] Considering that there can be multiple-input multiple-output transmission (e.g., spatial streams Nss=2) on a dRU, some proposed schemes described below aim to further optimize the proposed schemes above regarding the global CSD index allocation based on the dRU index to reduce the likelihood of CSD usage conflict, thereby reducing or otherwise avoiding the same CSD index or value being shared by multiple STAs. Further, under some proposed schemes of the invention, when the global CSD is also used for the entire EHT modulation field (e.g., EHT-STF, EHT-Long Training Field (EHT-LTF), and EHT-Data (EHT-DATA) field), a circular shift version of the global CSD index allocation can be used.

[0065] Figure 7 An example design 700 under the proposed schemes of the invention is shown. In particular, design 700 is about the optimized global CSD index allocation for BW20 when maxNss=8. Figure 8 An example design 800 under the proposed schemes is illustrated. In particular, design 800 is an extension of design 700 and is about the optimized global CSD index allocation for BW20 when maxNss=8. In Figure 8 The upper half of the table shows an example of the dRU logical index in the dRU hierarchy for BW20, such logical index can be similarly applied for BW40 and BW80. Figure 9 An example design 900 under the proposed schemes of the invention is illustrated. In particular, design 900 is about the optimized global CSD index allocation for BW40 when maxNss=8. Figure 10 An example design 1000 under the proposed schemes is illustrated. In particular, design 1000 is an extension of design 900 and is about the optimized global CSD index allocation for BW40 when maxNss=8. Figure 11 An example design 1100 under the proposed schemes of the invention is shown. In particular, design 1100 is about the optimized global CSD index allocation for BW80 when maxNss=8.

[0066] Figure 12 An example design 1200 under the proposed schemes of the invention is shown. In particular, design 1200 is about the optimized global CSD index allocation for BW20 when maxNss=16.Figure 13 An example design 1300 under the proposed scheme according to the present disclosure is shown. Specifically, the design 1300 is related to optimized global CSD index allocation for BW 40 when maxNss = 16. Figure 14 An example design 1400 under the proposed scheme is shown. Specifically, the design 1400 is an extension of the design 1300 and is related to optimized global CSD index allocation for BW 40 when maxNss = 16. Figure 15 An example design 1500 under the proposed scheme according to the present disclosure is shown. Specifically, the design 1500 is related to optimized global CSD index allocation for BW 80 when maxNss = 16. Figure 16 An example design 1600 under the proposed scheme is shown. Specifically, the design 1600 is an extension of the design 1500 and is related to optimized global CSD index allocation for BW 80 when maxNss = 16.

[0067] Figure 17 An example scenario 1700 under the proposed scheme according to the present disclosure is shown. Specifically, the scenario 1700 shows the concept of global CSD index allocation including cyclic shifting. For example, for BW 80, maxNss = 16 (or 16 CSD values). Notably, for BW 160, the entire global CSD index table can be grouped into two segments (or submodules). And for BW 320, the entire global CSD index table can be grouped into four segments (or submodules). Further, each segment can correspond to each 80MHz submodule. Still further, as shown in the scenario 1700, the global CSD allocation index can be generated by cyclic shifting of each segment (or subblock). Moreover, similar cyclic shifting operations / concepts can be applied to global CSD index on BW 20 / 40 / 80 with maxNss = 8 or maxNss = 16.

[0068] As mentioned above, under various schemes proposed according to the present disclosure, the global CSD index allocation for EHT-STF of dRU can be based on dRU index, and there can be up to 16 CSD values for dRU STF transmission (but not for other types of transmission) when global CSD is applied to EHT-STF. Moreover, the global CSD index allocation can be further optimized by allocating estimated difference allocation for all dRUs combined with single spatial stream (1ss) and two spatial streams (2ss). As described below, the optimized global CSD allocation design can achieve many advantages. For example, the overall probability of collision under 1ss and 2ss is reduced. Moreover, the number of collisions under the worst case scenario (e.g., 4 or 5 STAs sharing the same CSD) is reduced. Further, similar CSD starting index allocation structure can be maintained for BW 20 / 40 / 80.

[0069] Figure 18 An example design 1800 under the proposed scheme of the present disclosure is shown. Under the proposed scheme of the present disclosure, a general structure of global CSD allocation can be employed or utilized. Specifically, Figure 18 Part (A) of FIG. 18 shows an exemplary general structure of global CSD allocation for BW20, and Figure 18 Part (B) of FIG. 18 shows an exemplary general structure of global CSD allocation for BW40. In design 1800, it is assumed that there are 8 CSD values available for global CSD index allocation.

[0070] Figure 19 An example design 1900 under the proposed scheme of the present disclosure is shown. Specifically, Figure 19 Part (A) of FIG. 19 shows one example of dRU allocation on BW20, and Figure 19 Part (B) of FIG. 19 shows one example of dRU allocation on BW40. With respect to dRU allocation on BW20, there can be a total of 25 dRU combinations available on BW20. With respect to dRU allocation on BW40, the total number of dRU allocation combinations can be: 25*25+2*25+1 = 676. It is worth noting that in design 1900, the total number of dRU allocation combinations for BW80 can be the same as that for BW40.

[0071] For global CSD allocation design, there can be many factors considered, evaluated, or otherwise compared. For example, one of the factors considered can be related to the worst case or the maximum number of STAs sharing the same CSD value for Nss=1 and Nss=2. Another factor considered can be related to the total number of collisions over all dRU allocation combinations for Nss=1 and Nss=2. Yet another factor considered can be related to the total number of collisions in scenarios where one STA, 2 STAs, 3 STAs, 4 STAs, or 5 STAs share the same CSD value, respectively. Yet another factor considered can be related to the structure of global CSD index allocation that has implementation friendliness (e.g., easy to implement or relatively simple to implement).

[0072] Figure 20 An example design 2000 under the proposed scheme of the present disclosure is shown. With respect to BW20, design 2000 can have multiple global CSD allocation design options (Option-1, Option-2, Option-3, and Option-4), as shown in Figure 20 FIG. 20. Figure 21 An example scenario 2100 of simulation results for Option-1, Option-2, Option-3, and Option-4 of design 2000 for BW20 is shown.

[0073] Figure 22 An example design 2200 under the proposed scheme of the present application is shown. Referring to Figure 22 For BW40, the design 2200 can have multiple global CSD allocation design options (Option-1, Option-2 and Option-3). Figure 23 An example scenario 2300 of simulation results for Option-1, Option-2 and Option-3 of the design 2200 for BW40 is shown.

[0074] Figure 24 An example design 2400 under the proposed scheme of the present application is shown. Referring to Figure 24 For BW80, the design 2400 can have multiple global CSD allocation design options (Option-1, Option-2, Option-3 and Option-4). Figure 25 An example scenario 2500 of simulation results for Option-1, Option-2, Option-3 and Option-4 of the design 2400 for BW80 is shown.

[0075] Figure 26 An example design 2600 under the proposed scheme of the present application is shown. Referring to Figure 26 which shows the global CSD allocation for BW20, BW40 and BW80 respectively under Option-1. Figure 27 An example design 2700 under the proposed scheme is illustrated. Referring to Figure 27 which shows the table of global CSD starting index allocation for BW20, BW40 and BW80 respectively under Option-1.

[0076] Figure 28 An example design 2800 under the proposed scheme of the present application is shown. Referring to Figure 28 which shows the global CSD allocation for BW20, BW40 and BW80 respectively under Option-2. Figure 29 An example design 2900 under the proposed scheme is illustrated. Referring to Figure 29 which shows the table of global CSD starting index allocation for BW20, BW40 and BW80 respectively under Option-2.

[0077] Figure 30 An example design 3000 under the proposed scheme of the present application is shown. Referring to Figure 30 which shows the global CSD allocation for BW20, BW40 and BW80 respectively under Option-3. Figure 31 An example design 3100 under the proposed scheme is illustrated. Referring to Figure 31 which shows the table of global CSD starting index allocation for BW20, BW40 and BW80 respectively under Option-3.

[0078] Figure 32 An example design 3200 under the proposed scheme according to the present application is shown. Reference is made to Figure 32 which shows global CSD allocation for BW20. Figure 33 An example design 3300 under the proposed scheme is illustrated. Reference is made to Figure 33 which shows update of global CSD allocation for BW20.

[0079] Figure 34 An example design 3400 under the proposed scheme according to the present application is shown. Reference is made to Figure 34 which shows global CSD allocation for BW40. Figure 35 and Figure 36 An example design 3500 and 3600 under the proposed scheme is illustrated. Reference is made to Figure 35 and Figure 36 which shows update of global CSD allocation for BW40.

[0080] Figure 37 An example design 3700 under the proposed scheme according to the present application is shown. Reference is made to Figure 37 which shows global CSD allocation for BW80. Figure 38 and Figure 39 An example design 3800 and 3900 under the proposed scheme is illustrated. Reference is made to Figure 38 and Figure 39 which shows update of global CSD allocation for BW80.

[0081] Example Implementations

[0082] Figure 40 An example system 4000 with at least an example apparatus 4010 and an example apparatus 4020 according to embodiments of the present application is illustrated. Each of the apparatus 4010 and the apparatus 4020 can perform various functions to implement the schemes, techniques, processes, and methods described herein related to global CSD allocation for dRU transmission in wireless communications, including the schemes related to various proposed designs, concepts, schemes, systems, and methods above and the processes described below. For example, the apparatus 4010 can be an example implementation of the communication entity 110 and the apparatus 4020 can be an example implementation of the communication entity 120.

[0083] Each of the apparatus 4010 and the apparatus 4020 can be part of an electronic device, which can be a STA or an AP, such as a portable or mobile device, a wearable device, a wireless communication device, or a computing device. For example, each of the apparatus 4010 and the apparatus 4020 can be implemented in a smartphone, a smartwatch, a personal digital assistant, a digital camera, or a computing equipment such as a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a notebook computer. Each of the apparatus 4010 and the apparatus 4020 can also be part of a machine type device, which can be an Internet of Things device, such as a fixed or stationary device, a home device, a wired communication device, or a computing device. For example, each of the apparatus 4010 and the apparatus 4020 can be implemented in a smart thermostat, a smart refrigerator, a smart door lock, a wireless speaker, or a home control center. When implemented in or as a network equipment, the apparatus 4010 and / or the apparatus 4020 can be implemented in a network node, such as an AP in a WLAN.

[0084] In some implementations, each of the apparatus 4010 and the apparatus 4020 can be implemented in the form of one or more integrated circuit (IC) chips, such as but not limited to one or more single-core processors, one or more multi-core processors, one or more reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors, or one or more complex instruction set computing (CISC) processors. In each of the above-mentioned scenarios, each of the apparatus 4010 and the apparatus 4020 can be implemented in or as a STA or an AP. Each of the apparatus 4010 and the apparatus 4020 can include at least some of the components shown in FIG. 40, such as the processor 4012 and the processor 4022, respectively. Figure 40 Each of the apparatus 4010 and the apparatus 4020 can also include one or more other components that are not pertinent to the schemes proposed by the present application (e.g., an internal power supply, a display device, and / or a user interface device), and thus, for simplicity and brevity, none of such components of the apparatus 4010 and the apparatus 4020 are shown in FIG. 40, and will not be described below. Figure 40

[0085] ​In one aspect, each of processor 4012 and processor 4022 can be implemented in the form of one or more single-core processors, one or more multi-core processors, one or more RISC processors, or one or more CISC processors. That is, even though the singular term "processor" is used herein in reference to processor 4012 and processor 4022, each of processor 4012 and processor 4022 can comprise multiple processors in some implementations, while in other implementations can comprise a single processor. In another aspect, each of processor 4012 and processor 4022 can be implemented in the form of hardware (and, optionally, firmware) comprising electronic components that, for example, include but are not limited to one or more transistors, one or more diodes, one or more capacitors, one or more resistors, one or more inductors, one or more memristors, and / or one or more varactors, configured and arranged to implement the specific purposes of the present application. In other words, in at least some implementations, each of processor 4012 and processor 4022 is a special purpose machine specially designed, arranged, and configured to perform certain tasks, including those related to global CSD allocation for dRU transmissions in wireless communications. For example, each of processor 4012 and processor 4022 can be configured with hardware components or circuitry to implement one, some, or all of the examples described and illustrated herein.

[0086] In some implementations, apparatus 4010 can also include a transceiver 4016 coupled to processor 4012. Transceiver 4016 is capable of wirelessly transmitting and receiving data. In some implementations, apparatus 4020 can also include a transceiver 4026 coupled to processor 4022. Transceiver 4026 can include a transceiver capable of wirelessly transmitting and receiving data.

[0087] In some implementations, the apparatus 4010 can also include a memory 4014 coupled to the processor 4012 and accessible to the processor 4012, and used by the processor 4012 to store data. In some implementations, the apparatus 4020 can also include a memory 4024 coupled to the processor 4022 and accessible to the processor 4022, and used by the processor 4022 to store data. Each of the memory 4014 and the memory 4024 can include a type of random access memory (RAM), such as dynamic RAM (DRAM), static RAM (SRAM), thyristor RAM (T-RAM), and / or zero capacitor RAM (Z-RAM). Alternatively or additionally, each of the memory 4014 and the memory 4024 can include a type of read-only memory (ROM), such as mask ROM, programmable ROM (PROM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), and / or electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM). Alternatively or additionally, each of the memory 4014 and the memory 4024 can include a type of non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM), such as flash memory, solid-state memory, ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM), magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM), and / or phase change memory.

[0088] Each of the apparatus 4010 and the apparatus 4020 can be a communication entity capable of communicating with each other using various proposed schemes in accordance with the present disclosure. For illustrative purposes and not limitation, a description of the capabilities of the apparatus 4010 as a communication entity 110 and the apparatus 4020 as a communication entity 120 is provided below. Notably, while the example implementation described below is provided in the context of a WLAN, the present disclosure can equally be implemented in other types of networks. Thus, while the following description of the example implementation pertains to a scenario in which the apparatus 4010 functions as a transmitting device and the apparatus 4020 functions as a receiving device, the present disclosure equally applies to another scenario in which the apparatus 4010 functions as a receiving device and the apparatus 4020 functions as a transmitting device.

[0089] Under the proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure pertaining to global CSD allocation for dRU transmissions in wireless communications, the processor 4012 of the apparatus 4010 can apply a CSD index allocation when distributing a plurality of subcarriers of a RU over a bandwidth, thereby generating an EHT-STF of a dRU. The CSD index allocation can be based on a dRU hierarchy that supports one or more CSD indexes to be shared by a plurality of dRUs having different sizes but not shared by a plurality of dRUs having the same size. Further, the processor 4012 can transmit a symbol of the EHT-STF of the dRU to the apparatus 4020 through the transceiver 4016.

[0090] In some embodiments, the processor 4012 can apply the CSD index allocation when the maximum number of spatial streams (maxNss) is equal to 8 or 16.

[0091] In some embodiments, the bandwidth can be 40 MHz, and the maximum number of spatial streams (maxNss) can be equal to 16. In this case, the CSD starting index for each dRU 26 can include one of [1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 12 13 14 15 16], the CSD starting index for each dRU 52 can include one of [1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15], the CSD starting index for each dRU 106 can include one of [15 9 13], and the CSD starting index for each dRU 242 can include one of

[19] .

[0092] In some embodiments, the bandwidth can be 40 MHz, and the maximum number of spatial streams (maxNss) can be equal to 16. In this case, the CSD starting index for each dRU 26 can include one of [1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 12 13 14 15 16], the CSD starting index for each dRU 52 can include one of [1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15], the CSD starting index for each dRU 106 can include one of [15 9 13], and the CSD starting index for each dRU 242 can include one of

[19] .

[0093] In some embodiments, the bandwidth can be 80 MHz, and the maximum number of spatial streams (maxNss) can be equal to 16. In this case, the CSD starting index for each dRU 52 can include one of [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16], the CSD starting index for each dRU 106 can include one of [1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15], the CSD starting index for each dRU 242 can include one of [1 5 9 13], and the CSD starting index for each dRU 484 can include one of

[19] .

[0094] In some embodiments, the bandwidth can be 20 MHz, and the maximum number of spatial streams (maxNss) can be equal to 8. In this case, the CSD starting index for each dRU 26 can include one of [1 2 3 4 5 5 6 7 8], the CSD starting index for each dRU 52 can include one of [2 4 6 8], and the CSD starting index for each dRU 106 can include one of [3 7].

[0095] In some embodiments, the bandwidth can be 20 MHz, and the maximum number of spatial streams (maxNss) can be equal to 8. In this case, the CSD start index for each dRU 26 can include one of [1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 8], the CSD start index for each dRU 52 can include one of [1 3 5 7], and the CSD start index for each dRU 106 can include one of [1 6].

[0096] In some embodiments, the bandwidth can be 80 MHz, and the maximum number of spatial streams (maxNss) can be equal to 8. In this case, the CSD start index for each dRU 52 can include one of [1 5 2 6 3 7 4 8 1 5 2 6 3 7 4 8], the CSD start index for each dRU 106 can include one of [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8], the CSD start index for each dRU 242 can include one of [2 4 6 8], and the CSD start index for each dRU 484 can include one of [3 7].

[0097] In some embodiments, the bandwidth can be 20 MHz, and the maximum number of spatial streams (maxNss) can be equal to 8. In this case, the CSD start index for each dRU 26 can include one of [1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 8], the CSD start index for each dRU 52 can include one of [1 3 5 7], and the CSD start index for each dRU 106 can include one of [1 6].

[0098] In some embodiments, the bandwidth can be 40 MHz, and the maximum number of spatial streams (maxNss) can be equal to 8. In this case, the CSD start index for each dRU 26 can include one of [1 2 3 4 1 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 8], the CSD start index for each dRU 52 can include one of [1 3 5 7 2 4 6 8], the CSD start index for each dRU 106 can include one of [1 5 2 6], and the CSD start index for each dRU 242 can include one of [1 6].

[0099] In some implementations, the bandwidth can be 20 MHz, and the maximum number of spatial streams (maxNss) can equal 8. In this case, the CSD start index for each dRU 26 can include one of [1 4 5 8 4 2 3 6 7], the CSD start index for each dRU 52 can include one of [15 37], and the CSD start index for each dRU 106 can include one of

[17] .

[0100] In some implementations, the bandwidth can be 20 MHz, and the maximum number of spatial streams (maxNss) can equal 8. In this case, the CSD start index for each dRU 26 can include one of [1 4 5 8 4 2 3 6 7], the CSD start index for each dRU 52 can include one of [15 37], and the CSD start index for each dRU 106 can include one of

[17] .

[0101] In some implementations, the bandwidth can be 40 MHz, and the maximum number of spatial streams (maxNss) can equal 8. In this case, the CSD start index for each dRU 26 can include one of [1 2 3 4 2 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 6 5 6 7 8], the CSD start index for each dRU 52 can include one of [1 4 5 8 2 3 6 7], the CSD start index for each dRU 106 can include one of [15 3 7], and the CSD start index for each dRU 242 can include one of

[17] .

[0102] In some implementations, the bandwidth can be 80 MHz, and the maximum number of spatial streams (maxNss) can equal 8. In this case, the CSD start index for each dRU 52 can include one of [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8], the CSD start index for each dRU 106 can include one of [1 4 5 8 2 3 6 7], the CSD start index for each dRU 242 can include one of [15 3 7], and the CSD start index for each dRU 484 can include one of

[17] .

[0103] Example process

[0104] Figure 41An example process 4100 is illustrated in accordance with an embodiment of the present application. Process 4100 can be representative of an aspect of implementing the designs, concepts, schemes, systems, and methods described above. More specifically, in accordance with the present application, process 4100 can be representative of an aspect of the proposed concepts and schemes related to global CSD allocation for dRU transmissions in wireless communications. Process 4100 can include one or more operations, actions, or functions as indicated by one or more of blocks 4110 and 4120. Although illustrated as discrete blocks, individual blocks of process 4100 can be divided into additional blocks, combined into fewer blocks, or eliminated, depending on the desired implementation. Moreover, the blocks / sub-blocks of process 4100 can be performed in the order specified, or, in any order, or in different order. Additionally, one or more of the blocks / sub-blocks of process 4100 can be performed repeatedly or iteratively. Process 4100 can be implemented by or in apparatus 4110 and apparatus 4120, and any variants thereof. For purposes of illustration only, and without limitation of scope, process 4100 is described below in the context of apparatus 4110 as a communication entity 110 (e.g., a transmitting device (which can be a STA or an AP)) of a wireless network (e.g., a WLAN) in accordance with one or more IEEE 802.11 standards and apparatus 4120 as a communication entity 120 (e.g., a receiving device (which can be a STA or an AP)) of a wireless network (e.g., a WLAN) in accordance with one or more IEEE 802.11 standards. Process 4100 can begin at block 4110. Figure 41

[0105] At 4110, process 4100 can include processor 4012 of apparatus 4010 can apply a CSD index allocation when distributing a plurality of subcarriers of a RU over a bandwidth, thereby producing an EHT-STF of a dRU. The CSD index allocation can be based on a dRU hierarchy that supports one or more CSD indexes to be shared by a plurality of dRUs having different sizes and not shared by a plurality of dRUs having the same size. Process 4100 can proceed from 4110 to 4120.

[0106] At 4120, process 4100 can include processor 4012 transmitting, via transceiver 4016, a symbol of the EHT-STF of the dRU to apparatus 4020.

[0107] In some embodiments, when applying the CSD index allocation, process 4100 can include processor 4012 can apply the CSD index allocation when a maximum number of spatial streams (maxNss) is equal to 8 or 16.

[0108] ​In some embodiments, the bandwidth can be 20 MHz, and the maximum number of spatial streams (maxNss) can be equal to 16. In this case, the CSD start index for each dRU 26 can include one of [1 3 5 7 8 9 11 13 15], the CSD start index for each dRU 52 can include one of [1 5 9 13], and the CSD start index for each dRU 106 can include one of

[19] .

[0109] In some embodiments, the bandwidth can be 40 MHz, and the maximum number of spatial streams (maxNss) can be equal to 16. In this case, the CSD start index for each dRU 26 can include one of [1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 12 13 14 15 16], the CSD start index for each dRU 52 can include one of [1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15], the CSD start index for each dRU 106 can include one of [15 9 13], and the CSD start index for each dRU 242 can include one of

[19] .

[0110] In some embodiments, the bandwidth can be 80 MHz, and the maximum number of spatial streams (maxNss) can be equal to 16. In this case, the CSD start index for each dRU 52 can include one of [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16], the CSD start index for each dRU 106 can include one of [1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15], the CSD start index for each dRU 242 can include one of [1 5 9 13], and the CSD start index for each dRU 484 can include one of

[19] .

[0111] In some embodiments, the bandwidth can be 20 MHz, and the maximum number of spatial streams (maxNss) can be equal to 8. In this case, the CSD start index for each dRU 26 can include one of [1 2 3 4 5 5 6 7 8], the CSD start index for each dRU 52 can include one of [2 4 6 8], and the CSD start index for each dRU 106 can include one of [3 7].

[0112] In some embodiments, the bandwidth can be 20 MHz, and the maximum number of spatial streams (maxNss) can be equal to 8. In this case, the CSD start index for each dRU 26 can include one of [1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 8], the CSD start index for each dRU 52 can include one of [1 3 5 7], and the CSD start index for each dRU 106 can include one of [1 6].

[0113] In some embodiments, the bandwidth can be 80 MHz, and the maximum number of spatial streams (maxNss) can be equal to 8. In this case, the CSD start index for each dRU 52 can include one of [1 5 2 6 3 7 4 8 1 5 2 6 3 7 4 8], the CSD start index for each dRU 106 can include one of [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8], the CSD start index for each dRU 242 can include one of [2 4 6 8], and the CSD start index for each dRU 484 can include one of [3 7].

[0114] In some embodiments, the bandwidth can be 20 MHz, and the maximum number of spatial streams (maxNss) can be equal to 8. In this case, the CSD start index for each dRU 26 can include one of [1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 8], the CSD start index for each dRU 52 can include one of [1 3 5 7], and the CSD start index for each dRU 106 can include one of [1 6].

[0115] In some embodiments, the bandwidth can be 40 MHz, and the maximum number of spatial streams (maxNss) can be equal to 8. In this case, the CSD start index for each dRU 26 can include one of [1 2 3 4 1 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 8], the CSD start index for each dRU 52 can include one of [1 3 5 7 2 4 6 8], the CSD start index for each dRU 106 can include one of [1 5 2 6], and the CSD start index for each dRU 242 can include one of

[16] .

[0116] In some embodiments, the bandwidth can be 80 MHz, and the maximum number of spatial streams (maxNss) can be equal to 8. In this case, the CSD start index for each dRU 52 can include one of [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8], the CSD start index for each dRU 106 can include one of [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8], the CSD start index for each dRU 242 can include one of [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8], and the CSD start index for each dRU 484 can include one of [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8].

[0117] In some embodiments, the bandwidth can be 20 MHz, and the maximum number of spatial streams (maxNss) can be equal to 8. In this case, the CSD start index for each dRU 26 can include one of [1 4 5 8 4 2 3 6 7], the CSD start index for each dRU 52 can include one of [1 5 3 7], and the CSD start index for each dRU 106 can include one of

[17] .

[0118] In some embodiments, the bandwidth can be 40 MHz, and the maximum number of spatial streams (maxNss) can be equal to 8. In this case, the CSD start index for each dRU 26 can include one of [1 2 3 4 2 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 6 5 6 7 8], the CSD start index for each dRU 52 can include one of [1 4 5 8 2 3 6 7], the CSD start index for each dRU 106 can include one of [1 5 3 7], and the CSD start index for each dRU 242 can include one of

[17] .

[0119] In some embodiments, the bandwidth can be 80 MHz, and the maximum number of spatial streams (maxNss) can be equal to 8. In this case, the CSD start index for each dRU 52 can include one of [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8], the CSD start index for each dRU 106 can include one of [1 4 5 8 2 3 6 7], the CSD start index for each dRU 242 can include one of [1 5 3 7], and the CSD start index for each dRU 484 can include one of [1 7].

[0120] Although the present application has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not to be limited by the details of these embodiments, since various modifications and substitutions can be made thereto by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application as defined by the following claims.

Claims

1. A method of wireless communication, the method comprising: comprising: a processor of an apparatus applies a cyclic shift delay index assignment when distributing a plurality of subcarriers of a resource unit over a bandwidth, thereby producing a distributed tone resource unit of an extremely high throughput short training field; the processor transmits a symbol of the distributed tone resource unit of the extremely high throughput short training field; wherein the cyclic shift delay index assignment can be based on a distributed tone resource unit hierarchy that supports one or more cyclic shift delay indexes being shared by a plurality of distributed tone resource units of different sizes and not being shared by a plurality of distributed tone resource units of the same size; wherein, for a distributed tone resource unit scheduled using a number of spatial streams, the cyclic shift delay index range is represented as follows: mod([cyclic shift delay index start index: cyclic shift delay index start index + number of spatial streams - 1] - 1, maximum number of spatial streams) + 1.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, applying the cyclic shift delay index assignment includes applying the cyclic shift delay index assignment when a maximum number of spatial streams is equal to 16, wherein the bandwidth is 20 MHz, and wherein: for 26 tone distributed tone resource units, a cyclic shift delay start index for each 26 tone distributed tone resource unit includes one of [1 3 5 7 8 9 11 13 15]; for 52 tone distributed tone resource units, a cyclic shift delay start index for each 52 tone distributed tone resource unit includes one of [1 5 9 13]; for 106 tone distributed tone resource units, a cyclic shift delay start index for each 106 tone distributed tone resource unit includes one of [1 9].

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, applying the cyclic shift delay index assignment includes applying the cyclic shift delay index assignment when a maximum number of spatial streams is equal to 16, wherein the bandwidth is 40 MHz, and wherein: for 26 tone distributed tone resource units, a cyclic shift delay start index for each 26 tone distributed tone resource unit includes one of [1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 12 13 14 15 16]; for 52 tone distributed tone resource units, a cyclic shift delay start index for each 52 tone distributed tone resource unit includes one of [1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15]; for 106 tone distributed tone resource units, a cyclic shift delay start index for each 106 tone distributed tone resource unit includes one of [1 5 9 13]; for 242 tone distributed tone resource units, a cyclic shift delay start index for each 242 tone distributed tone resource unit can include one of [1 9].

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, applying the cyclic shift delay index assignment includes applying the cyclic shift delay index assignment when a maximum number of spatial streams is equal to 16, wherein the bandwidth is 80 MHz, and wherein: For 52-tone distributed tone resource units, the cyclic shift delay start index for each 52-tone distributed tone resource unit comprises one of [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16]; For 106-tone distributed tone resource units, the cyclic shift delay start index for each 106-tone distributed tone resource unit comprises one of [1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15]; For 242-tone distributed tone resource units, the cyclic shift delay start index for each 242-tone distributed tone resource unit comprises one of [1 5 9 13]; For 484-tone distributed tone resource units, the cyclic shift delay start index for each 484-tone distributed tone resource unit comprises one of [1 9].

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, Applying the cyclic shift delay index assignment comprises applying the cyclic shift delay index assignment when the maximum number of spatial streams is equal to 8, wherein the bandwidth is 20 MHz, and wherein: For 26-tone distributed tone resource units, the cyclic shift delay start index for each 26-tone distributed tone resource unit comprises one of [1 2 3 4 5 5 6 7 8]; For 52-tone distributed tone resource units, the cyclic shift delay start index for each 52-tone distributed tone resource unit comprises one of [2 4 6 8]; For 106-tone distributed tone resource units, the cyclic shift delay start index for each 106-tone distributed tone resource unit comprises one of [3 7].

6. The method of claim 1, wherein, Applying the cyclic shift delay index assignment comprises applying the cyclic shift delay index assignment when the maximum number of spatial streams is equal to 8, wherein the bandwidth is 40 MHz, and wherein: For 26-tone distributed tone resource units, the cyclic shift delay start index for each 26-tone distributed tone resource unit comprises one of [1 5 2 6 3 3 7 4 8 1 5 2 6 7 3 7 4 8]; For 52-tone distributed tone resource units, the cyclic shift delay start index for each 52-tone distributed tone resource unit comprises one of [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8]; For 106-tone distributed tone resource units, the cyclic shift delay start index for each 106-tone distributed tone resource unit comprises one of [2 4 6 8]; For 242-tone distributed tone resource units, the cyclic shift delay start index for each 242-tone distributed tone resource unit comprises one of [3 7].

7. The method of claim 1, wherein, Applying the cyclic shift delay index assignment comprises applying the cyclic shift delay index assignment when the maximum number of spatial streams is equal to 8, wherein the bandwidth is 80 MHz, and wherein: For 52-tone distributed tone resource units, the cyclic shift delay start index for each 52-tone distributed tone resource unit comprises one of [1 5 2 6 3 7 4 8 1 5 2 6 3 7 4 8]; For 52-tone distributed tone resource units, the cyclic shift delay start index for each 52-tone distributed tone resource unit comprises one of [1 5 2 6 3 7 4 8 1 5 2 6 3 7 4 8]; for 106-tone distributed tone resource units, the cyclic shift delay start index for each 106-tone distributed tone resource unit comprises one of [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8]; for 242-tone distributed tone resource units, the cyclic shift delay start index for each 242-tone distributed tone resource unit comprises one of [2 4 6 8]; for 484-tone distributed tone resource units, the cyclic shift delay start index for each 484-tone distributed tone resource unit comprises one of [3 7].

8. The method of claim 1, wherein, Applying the cyclic shift delay index assignment comprises applying the cyclic shift delay index assignment when the maximum number of spatial streams is equal to 8, wherein the bandwidth is 20 MHz, and wherein: for 26-tone distributed tone resource units, the cyclic shift delay start index for each 26-tone distributed tone resource unit comprises one of [1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 8]; for 52-tone distributed tone resource units, the cyclic shift delay start index for each 52-tone distributed tone resource unit comprises one of [1 3 5 7]; for 106-tone distributed tone resource units, the cyclic shift delay start index for each 106-tone distributed tone resource unit comprises one of [1 6].

9. The method of claim 1, wherein, Applying the cyclic shift delay index assignment comprises applying the cyclic shift delay index assignment when the maximum number of spatial streams is equal to 8, wherein the bandwidth is 40 MHz, and wherein: for 26-tone distributed tone resource units, the cyclic shift delay start index for each 26-tone distributed tone resource unit comprises one of [1 2 3 4 1 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 8]; for 52-tone distributed tone resource units, the cyclic shift delay start index for each 52-tone distributed tone resource unit comprises one of [1 3 5 7 2 4 6 8]; for 106-tone distributed tone resource units, the cyclic shift delay start index for each 106-tone distributed tone resource unit comprises one of [1 5 2 6]; for 242-tone distributed tone resource units, the cyclic shift delay start index for each 242-tone distributed tone resource unit comprises one of [1 6].

10. The method of claim 1, wherein, Applying the cyclic shift delay index assignment comprises applying the cyclic shift delay index assignment when the maximum number of spatial streams is equal to 8, wherein the bandwidth is 80 MHz, and wherein: for 52-tone distributed tone resource units, the cyclic shift delay start index for each 52-tone distributed tone resource unit comprises one of [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8]; for 106-tone distributed tone resource units, the cyclic shift delay start index for each 106-tone distributed tone resource unit comprises one of [1 3 5 7 2 4 6 8]; for 242-tone distributed tone resource units, the cyclic shift delay start index for each 242-tone distributed tone resource unit comprises one of [1 6]. For 242-tone distributed tone resource units, the cyclic shift delay start index for each 242-tone distributed tone resource unit comprises one of [1 5 2 6]; For 484-tone distributed tone resource units, the cyclic shift delay start index for each 484-tone distributed tone resource unit comprises one of [1 6].

11. The method of claim 1, wherein, Applying the cyclic shift delay index allocation comprises applying the cyclic shift delay index allocation when the maximum number of spatial streams is equal to 8, wherein the bandwidth is 20 MHz, and wherein: For 26-tone distributed tone resource units, the cyclic shift delay start index for each 26-tone distributed tone resource unit comprises one of [1 4 5 8 4 2 3 6 7]; For 52-tone distributed tone resource units, the cyclic shift delay start index for each 52-tone distributed tone resource unit comprises one of [1 5 3 7]; For 106-tone distributed tone resource units, the cyclic shift delay start index for each 106-tone distributed tone resource unit comprises one of [1 7].

12. The method of claim 1, wherein, Applying the cyclic shift delay index allocation comprises applying the cyclic shift delay index allocation when the maximum number of spatial streams is equal to 8, wherein the bandwidth is 40 MHz, and wherein: For 26-tone distributed tone resource units, the cyclic shift delay start index for each 26-tone distributed tone resource unit comprises one of [1 2 3 4 2 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 6 5 6 7 8]; For 52-tone distributed tone resource units, the cyclic shift delay start index for each 52-tone distributed tone resource unit comprises one of [1 4 5 8 2 3 6 7]; For 106-tone distributed tone resource units, the cyclic shift delay start index for each 106-tone distributed tone resource unit comprises one of [1 5 3 7]; For 242-tone distributed tone resource units, the cyclic shift delay start index for each 242-tone distributed tone resource unit comprises one of [1 7].

13. The method of claim 1, wherein, Applying the cyclic shift delay index allocation comprises applying the cyclic shift delay index allocation when the maximum number of spatial streams is equal to 8, wherein the bandwidth is 80 MHz, and wherein: For 52-tone distributed tone resource units, the cyclic shift delay start index for each 52-tone distributed tone resource unit comprises one of [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8]; For 106-tone distributed tone resource units, the cyclic shift delay start index for each 106-tone distributed tone resource unit comprises one of [1 4 5 8 2 3 6 7]; For 242-tone distributed tone resource units, the cyclic shift delay start index for each 242-tone distributed tone resource unit comprises one of [1 5 3 7]; For 484-tone distributed tone resource units, the cyclic shift delay start index for each 484-tone distributed tone resource unit comprises one of [1 7].

14. A communications device, characterized by comprising: a transceiver configured to communicate wirelessly; and a processor coupled to the transceiver, the processor configured to perform operations comprising: applying a cyclic shift delay index assignment when distributing a plurality of subcarriers of a resource unit across a bandwidth, thereby generating a very high throughput short training field of a distributed tone resource unit; transmitting, by the transceiver, a symbol of the very high throughput short training field of the distributed tone resource unit; wherein the cyclic shift delay index assignment is based on a distributed tone resource unit hierarchy that supports one or more cyclic shift delay indexes being shared by a plurality of distributed tone resource units of different sizes and not being shared by a plurality of distributed tone resource units of the same size; wherein, for distributed tone resource units scheduled using a number of spatial streams, the cyclic shift delay index range is represented as follows: mod([cyclic shift delay index start index : cyclic shift delay index start index + number of spatial streams - 1] - 1, maximum number of spatial streams) + 1.

15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein, applying the cyclic shift delay index assignment comprises applying the cyclic shift delay index assignment when a maximum number of spatial streams is equal to 16, wherein the bandwidth is 20 MHz, and wherein: for 26-tone distributed tone resource units, the cyclic shift delay start index for each 26-tone distributed tone resource unit comprises one of [1 3 5 7 8 9 11 13 15]; for 52-tone distributed tone resource units, the cyclic shift delay start index for each 52-tone distributed tone resource unit comprises one of [1 5 9 13]; for 106-tone distributed tone resource units, the cyclic shift delay start index for each 106-tone distributed tone resource unit comprises one of [1 9].

16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein, applying the cyclic shift delay index assignment comprises applying the cyclic shift delay index assignment when a maximum number of spatial streams is equal to 16, wherein the bandwidth is 40 MHz, and wherein: for 26-tone distributed tone resource units, the cyclic shift delay start index for each 26-tone distributed tone resource unit comprises one of [1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 12 13 14 15 16]; for 52-tone distributed tone resource units, the cyclic shift delay start index for each 52-tone distributed tone resource unit comprises one of [1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15]; for 106-tone distributed tone resource units, the cyclic shift delay start index for each 106-tone distributed tone resource unit comprises one of [1 5 9 13]; for 242-tone distributed tone resource units, the cyclic shift delay start index for each 242-tone distributed tone resource unit comprises one of [1 9].

17. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein, Applying the cyclic shift delay index allocation includes applying the cyclic shift delay index allocation when a maximum number of spatial streams is equal to 16, wherein the bandwidth is 80 MHz, and wherein: For 26-tone distributed tone resource units, the cyclic shift delay start index for each 26-tone distributed tone resource unit includes one of [1 2 3 4 5 5 6 7 8]; For 52-tone distributed tone resource units, the cyclic shift delay start index for each 52-tone distributed tone resource unit includes one of [2 4 6 8]; For 106-tone distributed tone resource units, the cyclic shift delay start index for each 106-tone distributed tone resource unit includes one of [3 7]. Applying the cyclic shift delay index allocation includes applying the cyclic shift delay index allocation when a maximum number of spatial streams is equal to 8, wherein the bandwidth is 40 MHz, and wherein:

18. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein, For 26-tone distributed tone resource units, the cyclic shift delay start index for each 26-tone distributed tone resource unit includes one of [1 5 2 6 3 3 7 4 8 1 5 2 6 7 3 7 4 8]; For 52-tone distributed tone resource units, the cyclic shift delay start index for each 52-tone distributed tone resource unit includes one of [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8]; For 106-tone distributed tone resource units, the cyclic shift delay start index for each 106-tone distributed tone resource unit includes one of [2 4 6 8]; For 242-tone distributed tone resource units, the cyclic shift delay start index for each 242-tone distributed tone resource unit includes one of [3 7].

19. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein, Applying the cyclic shift delay index allocation includes applying the cyclic shift delay index allocation when a maximum number of spatial streams is equal to 8, wherein the bandwidth is 80 MHz, and wherein: ​ ​ ​ ​ 20. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein, ​ For 52-tone distributed tone resource units, the cyclic shift delay start index of each 52-tone distributed tone resource unit comprises one of [1 5 2 6 3 7 4 8 1 5 2 6 3 7 4 8]; For 106-tone distributed tone resource units, the cyclic shift delay start index of each 106-tone distributed tone resource unit comprises one of [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8]; For 242-tone distributed tone resource units, the cyclic shift delay start index of each 242-tone distributed tone resource unit comprises one of [2 4 6 8]; For 484-tone distributed tone resource units, the cyclic shift delay start index of each 484-tone distributed tone resource unit comprises one of [3 7].

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