Air conditioning refrigeration and heating system based on siphon principle and operation method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses an air conditioner refrigeration and heat supply system based on a siphon principle and a running method thereof. The system comprises a refrigerant water system, a refrigerant steam system and a liquid level adjusting device for adjusting a refrigeration temperature. The refrigerant water system comprises a high-position water tank, a siphon starting pump, an evaporation container, a low-position water tank and a heat absorbing device for providing heat required by refrigerant evaporation. The running method comprises three processes of refrigerant water siphon decompression, heat absorbing evaporation and steam compression discharge. The application completely gets rid of the bondage of traditional "four refrigeration components", provides a simpler and more feasible structure form, and can be used as a cold water unit, a water source or air source heat pump and a cold and heat combined supply unit. The application has the characteristics of simple structure, low construction cost and one machine with multiple uses. Since water is used as the refrigerant, the application has the advantages of environmental friendliness, energy saving and emission reduction. Compared with a traditional steam compression cycle refrigeration method, the application has a wider refrigeration temperature range, a higher heat supply grade and a larger theoretical refrigeration coefficient.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to an air conditioning refrigeration heating system and a method for operating the same, in particular to an air conditioning refrigeration heating system based on the siphon principle and a method for operating the same, and belongs to the technical field of industrial and civil air conditioning refrigeration heating. BACKGROUND

[0002] Modern people's life cannot be separated from refrigeration, and the most important application is air conditioning. From small household air conditioners to large central air conditioners in various public buildings, people have been accustomed to the comfort brought by these refrigeration air conditioning equipment. Not only life, but also production cannot be separated from refrigeration air conditioning. As long as production means consuming energy, energy consumption means heat production, heat production means heat dissipation, that is, refrigeration is needed, so refrigeration air conditioning has a wide range of applications in various industries of industrial production. It can be said that refrigeration air conditioning has become a necessity for human beings and is indispensable to the future development of human beings.

[0003] At present, there are many methods to achieve refrigeration, but only the vapor compression cycle refrigeration of liquid vaporization type occupies the absolute dominant position in the refrigeration industry due to its mature theory, large refrigeration capacity, high energy utilization rate and other characteristics. Other refrigeration methods (such as absorption type, adsorption type, vapor injection type, air expansion method, pulse tube type, vortex tube type, thermoelectric refrigeration, magnetic refrigeration, acoustic refrigeration, etc.) are limited in application range due to their performance characteristics, and are only used in a small amount in some special occasions.

[0004] Vapor compression cycle refrigeration was born in the 18th century. Its theoretical basis is the reverse Carnot cycle, and the main equipment consists of "four components", namely evaporator, compressor, condenser and throttle valve. The basic working principle is that the low-pressure refrigerant liquid is evaporated in the evaporator to absorb heat, and the heat absorbed comes from the refrigerated material (such as chilled water) flowing through the evaporator at the same time, so as to achieve refrigeration; The low-pressure refrigerant vapor evaporated in the evaporator is compressed into high-pressure refrigerant vapor by the compressor; then enters the condenser to condense and release heat, and the released heat is taken away by the cooling material (such as cooling water) flowing through the condenser at the same time; thereafter, the high-pressure refrigerant liquid after condensation is reduced in pressure by the throttle valve to become low-pressure refrigerant liquid again and enters the evaporator, thereby realizing the refrigeration cycle.

[0005] Although the vapor compression cycle refrigeration has been developed for nearly 200 years, the technology has been quite mature, and compared with other refrigeration methods, it also has the outstanding advantages of large refrigeration capacity and high energy efficiency, but it still has some deficiencies:

[0006] (1) Energy consumption is high: refrigeration energy consumption has become one of the most important components of national production energy consumption. Whether it is civil or industrial, as long as there is a refrigeration demand, the refrigeration system is generally one of the most important energy consumption sub-items of the user. For example, in general large public buildings, the energy consumption of air conditioning refrigeration in summer generally accounts for about half of the total building energy consumption in summer.

[0007] (2) Refrigerant damages the environment: the vapor compression cycle refrigeration method generally uses various types of freon as refrigerant, which either destroys the ozone layer or creates atmospheric greenhouse gases, causing serious environmental impact.

[0008] (3) High manufacturing requirements and high cost: although the basic components are "four refrigeration components", the manufacturing requirements of each component are high, and a large number of accessories and control systems make the refrigeration machine one of the most expensive equipment in the engineering field. At present, refrigeration machines are still dominated by foreign brands, and domestic brands have little competitiveness.

[0009] (4) Narrow refrigeration range: the refrigeration range of specific refrigeration machines is quite narrow. For example, a common water chiller can only provide 5-15℃ chilled water. If you want to exceed this range, you must replace the refrigerant or compressor. That is, for users with multiple working conditions, multiple refrigeration machines are often required, and these refrigeration machines cannot be used universally, which undoubtedly increases the complexity of the system and the construction cost.

[0010] (5) Low heating grade: the refrigeration process is to move heat from low temperature to high temperature, so the refrigeration machine is a heating machine by nature. The heat grade provided by the vapor compression cycle refrigeration is generally only about 60℃, which can only be used for heating or domestic hot water and a few other heat demands. For some users with higher heat grade demands (such as steam demand), in addition to configuring a refrigeration machine, they also need to configure a separate heating device such as a boiler.

[0011] In view of the deficiencies and shortcomings in the prior art, it is necessary to develop a new refrigeration mode for air conditioning refrigeration and heating field, so as to promote the entire refrigeration and heating industry and environmental protection. SUMMARY

[0012] The purpose of the present application is to provide an air conditioning refrigeration and heating system based on the principle of siphon and its operation method, which not only has the characteristics of large refrigeration capacity of vapor compression cycle refrigeration, but also realizes energy saving and emission reduction, and is environmentally friendly, so as to realize cold and heat production in a wider range and further reduce operation cost.

[0013] The technical scheme of the present application is as follows:

[0014] The application discloses a kind of air conditioning refrigeration heating system based on siphon principle, it is characterized by: the system includes refrigerant water system, refrigerant vapor system, automatic water supplement device and liquid level regulating device for adjusting refrigeration temperature;The refrigerant water system includes high water tank, siphon starting pump, evaporation container, low water tank and heat absorption device for providing the heat required for refrigerant evaporation;The bottom water outlet of low water tank is connected with the upper water inlet of high water tank by pipeline, and internal circulation pump is arranged on the pipeline;The inlet pipeline of siphon starting pump is inserted below the liquid level in high water tank, and the outlet pipeline thereof is connected with evaporation container;The pipeline from evaporation container to low water tank is inserted below the liquid level in low water tank;An exhaust valve is installed on the top of evaporation container;The refrigerant vapor system sequentially includes vapor compressor, vapor exhaust pipe and vapor heat utilization unit;A vapor exhaust valve is installed on the vapor exhaust pipe;A vapor heat utilization unit switch valve is installed on the inlet pipeline of vapor heat utilization unit.

[0015] Preferably, the elevation difference h1 between the liquid level of the high water tank and the gas-liquid interface of the evaporation container is 0-10.5 meters, and the liquid level difference h2 between the high water tank and the low water tank is 1-10 meters.

[0016] Preferably, the liquid level regulating device contains a liquid level meter and a variable-volume air bag, and is installed on the high water tank.

[0017] Preferably, the automatic water supplement device is installed on the low water tank.

[0018] Further, the heat absorption device is installed inside the evaporation container, the low water tank or the high water tank, or is arranged on any connecting pipeline of the refrigerant water system, or is arranged above the high water tank. Preferably, if the heat absorption device is installed inside the evaporation container, the heat absorption device is a tube-shell heat exchanger integrated with the evaporation container; if the heat absorption device is arranged inside the high water tank or the low water tank, the heat absorption device is a floating disc tube heat exchanger; if the heat absorption device is arranged on any connecting pipeline of the refrigerant water system, the heat absorption device is a plate heat exchanger, or a cold supply user is directly connected to the pipeline of the refrigerant water system as the heat absorption device; if the heat absorption device is arranged above the high water tank, the heat absorption device is a heat source tower that absorbs heat from air.

[0019] Further, the vapor heat utilization unit is one or a combination of several of the following: a heating unit connected to a common heating hot user, a steam supply unit connected to a steam demand user, a domestic hot water supply unit connected to a domestic hot water hot user, or a domestic hot water supply unit connected to a domestic hot water hot user.

[0020] The application provides a running method of the air conditioning refrigeration heating system based on siphon principle, characterized in that when the system is used as a cold water unit, the running method comprises the following steps:

[0021] 1) connect the heat source of the heat absorption device, so that the heat absorption device in the refrigerant water system is in working condition;

[0022] 2) open the exhaust valve, start the siphon starting pump and the internal circulation pump, and when the air in the pipeline between the high-level water tank, the evaporation container and the low-level water tank is exhausted, and the pipeline is filled with refrigerant water with a temperature greater than 0°C and less than 100°C, close the exhaust valve and the siphon starting pump, so that the refrigerant water in the pipeline flows under the action of siphon;

[0023] 3) use the automatic water replenishing device and the internal circulation pump to stabilize the liquid level difference h2 between the high-level water tank and the low-level water tank, and the stable value is between 1-10 meters;

[0024] 4) according to the target refrigeration temperature, use the liquid level adjusting device to adjust the elevation difference h1 between the liquid surface of the high-level water tank and the gas-liquid interface of the evaporation container within the range of 0-10.5 meters, so that the refrigerant water vaporizes under the negative pressure corresponding to h1 to form refrigerant water vapor;

[0025] 5) start the vapor compressor to pressurize the refrigerant water vapor under the action of the vapor compressor, at the same time, close the vapor heat utilization unit switch valve, and open the vapor exhaust valve to exhaust the refrigerant water vapor into the atmosphere through the vapor exhaust pipe;

[0026] 6) the heat source connected to the heat absorption device uses water source, and the water in the water source exchanges heat with the refrigerant water, and as the refrigerant water evaporates, the temperature of the water from the water source decreases to form chilled water for the cold supply user, thereby serving as a chiller.

[0027] When the system described in the application is used as a heating unit or a combined heating and cooling unit, the operation method comprises the following steps:

[0028] 1) connect the heat source of the heat absorption device, so that the heat absorption device in the refrigerant water system is in working condition;

[0029] 2) open the exhaust valve, start the siphon starting pump and the internal circulation pump, and when the air in the pipeline between the high-level water tank, the evaporation container and the low-level water tank is exhausted, and the pipeline is filled with refrigerant water with a temperature greater than 0°C and less than 100°C, close the exhaust valve and the siphon starting pump, so that the refrigerant water in the pipeline flows under the action of siphon;

[0030] 3) use the automatic water replenishing device and the internal circulation pump to stabilize the liquid level difference h2 between the high-level water tank and the low-level water tank, and the stable value is between 1-10 meters;

[0031] 4) According to the heat source temperature of the heat absorbing device, the liquid level adjusting device is used to adjust the height difference h1 between the liquid level of the high-level water tank and the gas-liquid interface of the evaporation container in the range of 0-10.5 meters, so that the refrigerant water vaporizes at a negative pressure corresponding to h1 to form refrigerant water vapor;

[0032] 5) The vapor compressor is started, the refrigerant water vapor is pressurized under the action of the vapor compressor, the vapor exhaust valve is closed, and the vapor heat utilization unit switch valve is opened, so that the refrigerant water vapor flows into the vapor heat utilization unit, thereby being used as a heating unit or a combined heating and cooling unit.

[0033] Further, when the system is used as a heating unit or a combined heating and cooling unit, it is characterized in that if the heat source connected to the heat absorbing device is a groundwater source, a soil water source, a surface water source, a sewage source, and a production or living waste heat water source, the system is a water source heat pump unit; if the heat source connected to the heat absorbing device is outdoor air, the system is an air source heat pump unit; and if the heat source connected to the heat absorbing device is chilled water from a cooling user, the system is a combined heating and cooling unit.

[0034] Compared with the existing vapor compression cycle refrigeration system and method, the present application has the following advantages and outstanding technical effects:

[0035] ① Environmentally friendly: The present application uses water as a refrigerant, which neither destroys the ozone layer nor causes greenhouse gases, which are major defects of various types of freon refrigerants used in the prior art.

[0036] ② Energy saving: As a new refrigeration system and method, the theoretical refrigeration coefficient of the present application can reach about twice that of the vapor compression cycle refrigeration method under the same working conditions; not only that, it also provides more convenient and higher grade heat, and realizes combined production of cold and heat in a larger temperature range with a simpler method, so the present application has obvious energy saving advantages compared with the traditional vapor compression cycle refrigeration method.

[0037] ③ Simple structure, low equipment manufacturing requirements, and low operating cost: The traditional refrigeration method characterized by "four refrigeration components" has higher manufacturing requirements for equipment, while the present application completely gets rid of the shackles of "four refrigeration components" and provides a simpler and more practical structure. Not only that, the unique structure of the present application also makes it easier to build heating systems for various purposes, and makes the cold and heat source system for some combined heating and cooling occasions simpler and the construction cost lower.

[0038] (4) One machine for multiple uses: due to the wide refrigeration range and high heating grade of the present application, the present application can be used as a replacement product for various commonly used equipment or systems in the current refrigeration and air conditioning field and industrial field: when the present application is used to produce 10℃ or so air conditioning chilled water, it can be used as a replacement product for the "chilled water unit" in the current related industry; when the present application is used to produce 30℃ or so chilled water, it can be used as a replacement product for the cooling water system in the vast industrial field; when the industrial field needs higher temperature cooling water, as long as the temperature does not exceed 100℃, the present application can be used as a replacement product for various cooling systems currently used; when the present application is used as a heat pump, and the low-temperature heat source is various water sources, the present application can be used as a replacement product for the "water source heat pump unit" in the current industry; when the present application is used as a heat pump, and the low-temperature heat source is an air source, the present application can be used as a replacement product for the "heat source tower heat pump heating system" in the current industry, and there is no need for brine regeneration; the present application can also be used as a steam generator to replace petrochemical fuels and the like to supply steam; in addition, the present application can be used as a domestic hot water production machine, and when it is an air source heat pump to produce domestic hot water, it not only can heat, but also can produce water, that is, it can extract water from the air for free. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 The overall structural principle schematic diagram of the air conditioning refrigeration and heating system based on the siphon principle provided by the present application.

[0040] Figure 2 The structural principle schematic diagram of the system as a chilled water unit, and the heat absorption device is arranged in the evaporation container in one embodiment.

[0041] Figure 3 The structural principle schematic diagram of the system as a combined cooling and heating unit or a water source heat pump type heating unit, and the heat absorption device is arranged in the evaporation container in one embodiment.

[0042] Figure 4 The structural principle schematic diagram of the system as an air source heat pump type heating unit, and the heat absorption device is arranged above the high-level water tank.

[0043] Figure 5 The structural schematic diagram of the embodiment in which the plate heat exchanger is used as the heat absorption device and is arranged on the refrigerant water system pipeline.

[0044] Figure 6 The structural schematic diagram of the embodiment in which the cooling user is directly connected to the refrigerant water system pipeline as the heat absorption device.

[0045] Figure 7 The structural principle schematic diagram of the embodiment in which the heat absorption device is arranged in the low-level water tank, and the floating disc tube heat exchanger is used.

[0046] Figure 8a Structure diagram of steam heat utilization unit as a heating unit.

[0047] Figure 8b Structure diagram of steam heat utilization unit as a steam supply unit.

[0048] Figure 8c Structure diagram of steam heat utilization unit as a domestic hot water supply unit.

[0049] Figure 8d Structure diagram of steam heat utilization unit as a domestic hot water supply unit.

[0050] In the figure: 1-evaporation vessel; 2-steam heat utilization unit; 3-low water tank; 4-high water tank; 5-internal circulation pump; 6-siphon starting pump; 7-steam compressor; 8-exhaust valve; 9-heat absorption device water inlet pipe; 10-heat absorption device water outlet pipe; 11-automatic water replenishing device; 12-heating heat exchanger; 13-heating water inlet pipe; 14-heating water outlet pipe; 15-condensate water recovery device; 16-steam supply compressor; 17-steam supply pipe; 18-hot water heat exchanger; 19-domestic hot water inlet pipe; 20-domestic hot water outlet pipe; 21a-low water tank liquid level; 21b-high water tank liquid level; 22-heat absorption device; 23-heating unit; 24-steam supply unit; 25-domestic hot water supply unit; 26-domestic hot water supply unit; 27-heat preservation water spraying chamber; 28-evaporation vessel vapor-liquid interface; 29-steam heat utilization unit switch valve; 30-steam exhaust valve; 31-steam exhaust pipe; 32-overflow pipe; 33-drain valve; 34-liquid level adjusting device; hi-elevation difference between high water tank liquid level and evaporation vessel vapor-liquid interface; h2-liquid level difference between high water tank and low water tank. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] In order to better understand the present application, the structure, principle and working process of the present application will be further described in detail below in combination with the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0052] Figure 1The overall structural principle schematic diagram of the air conditioning refrigeration and heat supply system based on the siphon principle provided by the application comprises a refrigerant water system, a refrigerant vapor system, an automatic water supplement device 11 and a liquid level adjusting device 34 for adjusting the refrigeration temperature; the refrigerant water system comprises a high-level water tank 4, a siphon starting pump 6, an evaporation container 1, a low-level water tank 3, a heat absorption device 22 for providing the heat required by the refrigerant evaporation and corresponding connecting pipelines; the water outlet at the bottom of the low-level water tank 3 is connected with the water inlet at the upper part of the high-level water tank 4 through a pipeline, and an internal circulating pump 5 is arranged on the pipeline; the siphon starting pump 6 is arranged on the connecting pipeline between the high-level water tank 4 and the evaporation container 1, the inlet pipeline of the siphon starting pump 6 is inserted below the liquid level in the high-level water tank 4, and the outlet pipeline of the siphon starting pump 6 is connected with the evaporation container 1; the pipeline from the evaporation container 1 to the low-level water tank 3 is inserted below the liquid level in the low-level water tank 3; an exhaust valve 8 is arranged at the top of the evaporation container 1; the refrigerant vapor system is sequentially connected with a vapor compressor 7, a vapor exhaust pipeline 31 and a vapor heat utilization unit 2 through pipelines, and a vapor exhaust valve 30 is arranged on the vapor exhaust pipeline 31; a vapor heat utilization unit switch valve 29 is arranged on the inlet pipeline of the vapor heat utilization unit 2.

[0053] The elevation difference h1 between the liquid level 21b of the high-level water tank and the gas-liquid interface 28 of the evaporation container 1 is generally 0-10.5 meters; the liquid level difference h2 between the high-level water tank and the low-level water tank is generally 1-10 meters. The greater h1 is, the lower the evaporation pressure of the refrigerant water in the evaporation container 1 is, and correspondingly, the lower the evaporation temperature is, that is, the lower the refrigeration temperature is. When h1 approaches 10.5 meters, the corresponding refrigeration temperature approaches 0℃. Conversely, the smaller h1 is, the higher the refrigeration temperature is. When h1 approaches 0 meter, the corresponding refrigeration temperature approaches 100℃. The liquid level difference h2 between the high-level water tank and the low-level water tank is used as the siphon driving force to overcome the along-path resistance between the high-level water tank 4 and the low-level water tank 3.

[0054] The liquid level adjusting device 34 described in the application can adopt a structure containing a liquid level meter and a variable volume air bag, and should be installed on the high-level water tank 4. By changing the volume of the air bag, the elevation difference h1 between the liquid level 21b of the high-level water tank and the gas-liquid interface 28 of the evaporation container is adjusted. With the change of h1, the pressure of the refrigerant water in the evaporation container changes, and then the evaporation temperature changes, that is, the purpose of adjusting the refrigeration temperature is achieved. In addition to the above structure, the liquid level adjusting device 34 can also adopt other types of structures.

[0055] In the system operation process, in order to supplement the water required by the evaporation of the refrigerant water in the evaporation container in time, the automatic water supplement device 11 should be installed in the system, and the automatic water supplement device is preferably installed on the low-level water tank 3, and can also be installed on the high-level water tank.

[0056] The heat absorption device 22 for providing heat required for evaporation of refrigerant according to the present application can be installed inside the evaporating vessel 1, the low-level water tank 3 or the high-level water tank 4 according to specific design, or be arranged on any connecting pipeline of the refrigerant water system, or be arranged above the high-level water tank. If the heat absorption device 22 is installed inside the evaporating vessel, the heat absorption device is preferably a tube-shell heat exchanger (as shown in Figure 1 ) integrated with the evaporating vessel; if the heat absorption device 22 is arranged inside the high-level water tank or the low-level water tank, the heat absorption device is preferably a floating disc tube heat exchanger (as shown in Figure 7 ); if the heat absorption device is arranged on any connecting pipeline of the refrigerant water system, the heat absorption device is preferably a plate heat exchanger (as shown in Figure 5 ), or the cold supply user is directly connected to the pipeline of the refrigerant water system as the heat absorption device (as shown in Figure 6 ); if the heat absorption device is arranged above the high-level water tank, the heat absorption device is a heat source tower taking heat from air (as shown in Figure 4 ). In Figure 1 , the heat absorption device 22 is installed inside the evaporating vessel 1, and a tube-shell heat exchanger integrated with the evaporating vessel is used, which is connected to the outlet water pipe and the inlet water pipe of the heat source of the heat absorption device through the heat absorption device inlet water pipe 9 and the heat absorption device outlet water pipe 10.

[0057] The heat source connected to the heat absorption device 22 can be underground water source, soil water source, surface water source, sewage source, other production or living waste heat water source or outdoor air; if the heat source connected to the heat absorption device is outdoor air, the system is an air source heat pump unit; if the heat source connected to the heat absorption device is chilled water from the cold supply user, the system is a combined cooling heating and power unit.

[0058] Figure 2 The system according to the present application is only a structural principle schematic diagram of a cold water unit, and one embodiment of the heat absorption device arranged inside the evaporating vessel, and Figure 1The difference between the structure of the system and the system of the first aspect of the application is that the system does not contain the steam heat utilization unit 2. The chiller unit comprises a refrigerant water system and a refrigerant steam system, an automatic water supplement device 11 and a liquid level regulating device 34 for regulating the refrigeration temperature; the refrigerant water system comprises a high-level water tank 4, a siphon starting pump 6, an evaporation vessel 1, a low-level water tank 3 and a heat absorption device 22 for providing the heat required for the evaporation of the refrigerant; the outlet of the low-level water tank 3 is connected to the upper inlet of the high-level water tank 4 through a pipeline, and an internal circulation pump 5 is arranged on the pipeline; the inlet pipeline of the siphon starting pump 6 is inserted below the liquid level in the high-level water tank 4, and the outlet pipeline thereof is connected to the evaporation vessel 1; the pipeline from the evaporation vessel 1 to the low-level water tank 3 is inserted below the liquid level in the low-level water tank 3; an exhaust valve 8 is arranged on the top of the evaporation vessel 1; the refrigerant steam system comprises a steam compressor 7, a steam exhaust pipeline 31 and a steam exhaust valve 30 arranged on the exhaust pipeline. The heat absorption device 22 is arranged inside the evaporation vessel 1, and the evaporation vessel 1 and the heat absorption device 22 are combined into a shell-and-tube heat exchanger.

[0059] When the system starts as a water chiller, first connect the heat source of the heat absorption device 22, so that the heat absorption device in the refrigerant water system is in working condition; open the exhaust valve 8, start the siphon starting pump 6 and the internal circulating pump 5, wait until the air in the pipeline between the high-level water tank 4, the evaporation container 1 and the low-level water tank 3 is exhausted, and the pipeline is full of refrigerant water with a temperature of greater than 0℃ and less than 100℃, then close the exhaust valve 8 and the siphon starting pump 6, so that the refrigerant water in the pipeline flows under the action of siphon; use the automatic water supply device 11 and the internal circulating pump 5 to stabilize the liquid level difference h2 of the high-level water tank 4 and the low-level water tank 3, and the stable value is between 1-10 meters; according to the target refrigeration temperature, use the liquid level adjusting device 34 to adjust the elevation difference h1 of the liquid surface of the high-level water tank and the gas-liquid interface of the evaporation container within the range of 0-10.5 meters, h1 corresponds to the evaporation temperature one by one, the refrigerant water vaporizes under the negative pressure (-h1 meters of water column) corresponding to h1, and forms refrigerant water vapor, when h1 approaches 0 meters, the negative pressure value approaches 0 meters of water column, and the corresponding evaporation temperature approaches 100℃; when h1 approaches 10.5 meters, the negative pressure value approaches 10.5 meters of water column, and the corresponding evaporation temperature approaches 0℃; open the steam compressor 7, so that the refrigerant water vapor is pressurized under the action of the steam compressor, open the steam exhaust valve 30, and discharge the refrigerant water vapor into the atmosphere through the steam exhaust pipe 31; water as a refrigerant, the heat required for evaporation is provided by the heat absorption device 22 embedded in the evaporation container 1. The heat source (low-temperature heat source for refrigeration) connected to the heat absorption device 22 uses a water source, and the water in the water source exchanges heat with the refrigerant water, and as the refrigerant water evaporates, the temperature of the water from the water source decreases, forming chilled water for cold supply users, that is, the heat absorption device inlet water pipe 9 and the heat absorption device outlet water pipe 10 are respectively connected to the return water pipe and the water supply pipe of the chilled water of the cold supply user, thereby being used as a water chiller. Using water as a refrigerant, chilled water with a temperature greater than 0℃ and less than 100℃ can be obtained.

[0060] The above-mentioned water chiller based on the siphon principle can be used as a substitute product for various "water chillers" for refrigeration on the market, compared with conventional water chillers, has the advantages of simple structure (no condenser, cooling tower and other complex equipment and supporting systems), wide refrigeration temperature range, high theoretical efficiency, etc., and can also be used as a substitute product for the 0-100℃ cooling and heat removal system widely existing in the current industrial field, compared with general industrial heat removal systems, the water chiller has the advantages of wide water temperature adjustment range, convenient adjustment and independence from weather, etc., without the need for cooling towers and supporting systems.

[0061] Embodiment 1:

[0062] Taking the chilled water with a supply water temperature T cg =7℃ and a return water temperature T ch =12℃ as an example, the atmospheric pressure is taken as P o=0.101325MPa, heat exchange temperature difference dT between refrigerant water and chilled water e =1℃, under stable operating conditions, the main operating parameters of the chiller unit are determined as follows:

[0063] Evaporation temperature T of refrigerant water e : T e =T cg -dT e =7-1=6℃.

[0064] According to T e =6℃, referring to the "Charts of Thermodynamic Properties of Water and Water Vapor (Second Edition)" we can obtain: the vaporization pressure P of the refrigerant water. e =0.0009352MPa, latent heat of vaporization r e =2486.3kJ / kg, the enthalpy after vaporization is h e =2511.55kJ / kg; Since 1MPa is approximately equal to 103.36 meters of water column, the elevation difference h1 between the liquid level in the elevated water tank and the gas-liquid interface in the evaporator is = (P o -P e )*103.36=10.376 meters; the venting pressure of refrigerant water vapor P d To achieve a pressure of at least one standard atmosphere, let's assume a residual pressure of 5 kPa. Therefore: P d =P o +0.005 = 0.106325 MPa; according to P d The enthalpy h of refrigerant water vapor during venting can be obtained from the "Charts of Thermodynamic Properties of Water and Water Vapor (Second Edition)". d =2677.85kJ / kg.

[0065] Based on the above, the theoretical coefficient of performance (C) of the chiller unit can be calculated. ci :C ci =r e / (h d -h e =2486.3 / (2677.85-2511.55)=14.95; In contrast, according to the reverse Carnot cycle principle, the theoretical coefficient of performance (COP) of traditional vapor compression cycle refrigeration is C. ci_tra =(273.15+6) / (40-6)=8.21 (where “40” is the condensation temperature, which can be taken as a conventional value), and it can be seen that the difference between the two is obvious.

[0066] The water pressure (h2 meters of water column) corresponding to the liquid level difference h2 between the high-level and low-level water tanks is used to overcome the flow resistance of refrigerant water from the high-level to the low-level water tank. Figure 2The resistance includes the resistance of the pipe section between the high water tank and the evaporating vessel, the resistance in the evaporating vessel and the resistance of the pipe section between the evaporating vessel and the low water tank. The values of the resistances are 1 meter of water column, 3 meters of water column and 1 meter of water column respectively according to the conventional method, so the total resistance is 5 meters of water column, i.e. h2=5 meters.

[0067] Figure 3 Fig. 1 is a structural principle diagram of the system as a combined cooling and heating unit or a water source heat pump type heating unit, and Fig. 2 is a structural principle diagram of the system as a combined cooling and heating unit or a water source heat pump type heating unit, in which the heat absorbing device is arranged in the evaporating vessel according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 The difference is that the steam heat utilization unit 2 is a necessary component in the system. The system includes a refrigerant water system and a refrigerant steam system, an automatic water supplement device 11 and a liquid level adjusting device 34 for adjusting the refrigeration temperature. The refrigerant water system includes a high water tank 4, a siphon starting pump 6, an evaporating vessel 1, a low water tank 3 and a heat absorbing device 22 for providing the heat required for the evaporation of the refrigerant. The bottom water outlet of the low water tank 3 is connected to the upper water inlet of the high water tank 4 through a pipe, in which an internal circulating pump 5 is arranged. The inlet pipe of the siphon starting pump 6 is inserted below the liquid surface in the high water tank 4, and the outlet pipe thereof is connected to the evaporating vessel 1. The pipe from the evaporating vessel 1 to the low water tank 3 is inserted below the liquid surface in the low water tank 3. An exhaust valve 8 is arranged at the top of the evaporating vessel 1. The refrigerant steam system includes a steam compressor 7, a steam exhaust pipe 31 and a steam heat utilization unit 2 in sequence. A steam exhaust valve 30 is arranged on the steam exhaust pipe, and a steam heat utilization unit switch valve 29 is arranged on the inlet pipe of the steam heat utilization unit 2. The heat absorbing device 22 is arranged in the evaporating vessel 1, and the evaporating vessel 1 and the heat absorbing device 22 are combined into a shell and tube heat exchanger.

[0068] When starting a combined cooling and heating unit based on the siphon principle or a water source heat pump type heating unit provided by this invention, first open the vent valve 8 and start the siphon start pump 6 and the internal circulation pump 5; after the air in the pipeline between the high-level water tank 4, the evaporator container 1, and the low-level water tank 3 is exhausted, and the pipeline is filled with refrigerant water at a temperature greater than 0℃ and less than 100℃, close the vent valve 8 and the siphon start pump 5, allowing the refrigerant water in the pipeline to flow under the siphon effect; at the same time, the automatic water replenishment device 11 and the internal circulation pump 5 are used to stabilize the liquid level difference h2 between the high-level water tank 4 and the low-level water tank 3, with the stable value between 1 and 10 meters; according to the heat source temperature of the heat absorption device 22, the liquid level of the high-level water tank is adjusted by the liquid level regulating device 34. The elevation difference h1 between the liquid level and the gas-liquid interface of the evaporator is within the range of 0-10.5 meters, causing the refrigerant water to vaporize under the negative pressure corresponding to h1, forming refrigerant water vapor. h1 corresponds one-to-one with the evaporation temperature; when h1 is close to 0 meters, the negative pressure is close to 0 meters of water column, and the corresponding evaporation temperature is close to 100℃; when h1 is close to 10.5 meters, the negative pressure is close to 10.5 meters of water column, and the corresponding evaporation temperature is close to 0℃. The steam compressor 7 is turned on, causing the refrigerant water vapor to be pressurized under the action of the steam compressor, and the steam vent valve 30 is closed. The steam heat utilization unit switch valve 29 is opened, allowing the vaporized and pressurized water vapor to be supplied to the steam heat utilization unit 2 for use as a heating unit or a combined cooling and heating unit. The heat required for the evaporation of water as a refrigerant is provided by the heat absorption device 22 embedded in the evaporator container 1. The heat source (low-temperature heat source for cooling) connected to the heat absorption device 22 is chilled water. That is, the inlet pipe 9 and outlet pipe 10 of the heat absorption device are respectively connected to the return pipe and supply pipe of the chilled water for the cooling user. The system can provide heat while producing chilled water at temperatures above 0°C and below 100°C, that is, providing heating water at 25°C to 95°C, or producing steam at 0.1MPa to 1.2MPa, or producing domestic hot water at 40°C to 70°C.

[0069] The aforementioned combined cooling and heating unit based on the siphon principle or a water source heat pump type heating unit can achieve various forms of heating while acting as a chiller. It not only has all the advantages described in Example 1, but also has the advantages of flexible heating methods and high heating quality. It can be used as a replacement for the "water source heat pump units" currently on the market for various purposes, and can also be used as a replacement for the 0 to 100°C cooling and heat dissipation systems that are currently widely used in the industrial field. It can also achieve efficient utilization of industrial waste heat while dissipating heat.

[0070] Example 2: Using the water supply temperature T cg =7℃, return water temperature T ch =12℃ chilled water, while using Figure 8c The steam heat utilization unit shown generates water supply temperature T. wg =50℃, return water temperature T wh=45℃ of domestic hot water, in this case, the refrigerant steam entering the steam heat utilization unit 2 first enters the hot water heat exchanger 18, exchanges heat with the domestic hot water, and then condenses, and is recycled. The temperature of the domestic hot water entering the hot water heat exchanger 18 is 45℃, and the temperature of the domestic hot water leaving the hot water heat exchanger 18 is 50℃; taking atmospheric pressure P o =0.101325MPa, the refrigerant water and the chilled water exchange temperature difference dT e =1℃, under stable working conditions, the main operating parameters of the cold and heat supply unit are determined as follows:

[0071] The evaporation temperature T e of the refrigerant water is T e =T cg -dT e =7-1=6℃.

[0072] According to T e =6℃, from the "Water and Water Vapor Thermodynamic Property Chart (Second Edition)", the refrigerant water vaporization pressure P e =0.0009352MPa, the vaporization latent heat r e =2486.3kJ / kg, and the enthalpy value after vaporization h e =2511.55kJ / kg can be obtained; because 1MPa is approximately equal to 103.36 meters of water column, the height difference h1 between the liquid level of the high-level water tank and the gas-liquid interface of the evaporation container is (P o -P e )*103.36=10.376 meters; the pressure P u of the refrigerant water steam entering the steam heat utilization unit needs to overcome the resistance of the hot water heat exchanger 18 in the steam heat utilization unit, and it is convenient to take 5kPa above atmospheric pressure, so P u =P o +0.005=0.106325MPa; according to the P u value, from the "Water and Water Vapor Thermodynamic Property Chart (Second Edition)", the enthalpy value h u of the refrigerant water steam entering the steam heat utilization unit is 2677.85kJ / kg.

[0073] According to the above, the theoretical refrigeration coefficient C ci of the cold and heat supply unit can be calculated as C ci =r e / (h d -h e )=2486.3 / (2677.85-2511.55)=14.95; accordingly, the theoretical heating coefficient C hi of the cold and heat supply unit is C ci=1 + 14.95 = 15.95; In contrast, according to the reverse Carnot cycle principle, the theoretical coefficient of performance (COP) of traditional vapor compression cycle refrigeration is C. ci_tra =(273.15+6) / (40-6)=8.21 (where "40" is the condensation temperature, taken as a conventional value), the theoretical coefficient of performance is C hi_tra =1+C ci_tra =1+8.21=9.21, so the difference between the two is obvious.

[0074] The water pressure (h2 meters of water column) corresponding to the liquid level difference h2 between the high-level and low-level water tanks is used to overcome the flow resistance of refrigerant water from the high-level to the low-level water tank. Figure 3 The structure shown includes the resistance of the pipe section between the high-level water tank and the evaporator, the resistance inside the evaporator, and the resistance of the pipe section between the evaporator and the low-level water tank. Let's assume that their values ​​are 1 meter water column, 3 meter water column, and 1 meter water column respectively. Thus, the total resistance is 5 meter water column, i.e., h2 = 5 meters.

[0075] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structural principle of the system described in this invention, which is an air-source heat pump type heating unit, with the heat absorption device employing a heat source tower positioned above a high-level water tank. This system is related to... Figure 3 The structural difference lies in the location of the heat absorption device 22, which is positioned above the elevated water tank and utilizes a heat source tower that extracts heat from the air. Within the heat source tower, the refrigerant water exchanges heat and moisture with the outdoor air, raising its temperature. It then flows into the elevated water tank 4 and, under siphon action, into the evaporator container 1. In the evaporator container 1, it vaporizes under a high negative pressure close to 0 MPa. The negative pressure steam is then pressurized by the steam compressor 7 to an absolute pressure above 0.101325 MPa and supplied to the steam heat utilization unit 2 to meet different heat load requirements. To prevent water from freezing, appropriate amounts of calcium chloride, sodium chloride, etc., can be added to the water used as refrigerant.

[0076] This invention discloses an air-source heat pump heating unit based on the siphon principle. Combined with different heating devices, it can meet various heat load demands, such as producing hot water circulation at temperatures above 25°C to 100°C; supplying domestic hot water at temperatures between 40°C and 70°C; and providing steam at absolute pressures between 0.1 MPa and 1.2 MPa. This air-source heat pump heating unit based on the siphon principle can serve as a replacement for commonly used air-source heat pumps and heat source tower heat pump systems. Compared with these traditional technologies, this invention has significant advantages such as high theoretical efficiency, simple structure, and no need for brine regeneration.

[0077] Example 3: With an outdoor air temperature of 7°C and a relative humidity of 70%, and simultaneously using... Figure 8a The steam heat utilization unit shown generates water supply temperature T. hg= 50℃, the temperature of the return water T hh = 40℃, in this case, the refrigerant steam entering the steam heat utilization unit 2 first enters the heating heat exchanger 12, exchanges heat with the heating circulating water and then condenses, and then is recycled, the temperature of the heating circulating water entering the heating heat exchanger 12 is 40℃, and the temperature of the heating circulating water leaving the heating heat exchanger 12 is 50℃. Take the atmospheric pressure P o = 0.101325MPa, under stable working conditions, the calculation method and specific values of the main operating parameters of the air source heat pump type heating unit are as follows:

[0078] The dew point temperature of outdoor air T l : According to the dry bulb temperature 7℃, the relative humidity is 70%, and the enthalpy-humidity diagram of wet air can be obtained: T l = 1.9℃.

[0079] The evaporation temperature of refrigerant water (i.e. the outlet water temperature of the heat source tower) T e : To ensure that the moisture in the outdoor air is totally condensed and heat is released, it is required that T e is lower than the dew point temperature of outdoor air, and it is convenient to take: T e = 1℃.

[0080] According to T e = 1℃, the "Water and Water Vapor Thermodynamic Property Chart (Second Edition)" can be consulted to obtain: the vaporization pressure of refrigerant water P e = 0.0006571MPa, the latent heat of vaporization r e = 2498.2kJ / kg, and the enthalpy value after vaporization h e = 2502.35kJ / kg; since 1MPa is approximately equal to 103.36 meters of water column, the elevation difference h1 between the liquid level of the high-level water tank and the gas-liquid interface of the evaporation container is (P o -P e )*103.36=10.4 meters; the pressure P u of the refrigerant water steam entering the steam heat utilization unit needs to overcome the resistance of the heating heat exchanger 12 in the steam heat utilization unit, and it is convenient to take more than 5kPa above atmospheric pressure, so: P u = P o +0.005=0.106325MPa; according to the P u value, the "Water and Water Vapor Thermodynamic Property Chart (Second Edition)" can be consulted to obtain the enthalpy value h u = 2677.85kJ / kg of the refrigerant water steam entering the steam heat utilization unit.

[0081] According to the above, the theoretical heating coefficient C hi of the air source heat pump unit can be calculated: C hi = 1+r e / ( hu -h e )=1+2498.2 / (2677.85-2502.35)=15.23; as a contrast, according to the principle of reverse Carnot cycle, the theoretical heating coefficient of a traditional air source heat pump is C hi_tra =1+(273.15+1) / (55-1)=6.08 (the condensing temperature must be greater than the heating water temperature, and it is convenient to take the value of 55℃), it can be seen that the difference is obvious.

[0082] The water pressure (h2meters of water column) corresponding to the liquid level difference h2 of the high-level water tank and the low-level water tank is used to overcome the flow resistance of the refrigerant water from the high-level water tank to the low-level water tank. According to the structure shown in Figure 4 , the resistance includes the pipe section resistance between the high-level water tank and the evaporating container, the resistance in the evaporating container, and the pipe section resistance between the evaporating container and the low-level water tank; it is convenient to take their values as 1 meter of water column, 1 meter of water column, and 1 meter of water column respectively, so the total resistance is 3 meters of water column, i.e. h2=3 meters.

[0083] As shown in Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 , the structures of the systems are basically the same, except that the structures of the heat absorption devices 22 and the positions of the heat absorption devices 22 are different. The heat absorption device provides the heat required for the evaporation of the refrigerant water, and the heat provided by the heat absorption device comes from the heat source connected to it, such as chilled water, outdoor air, various water sources (groundwater sources, soil sources, surface water sources, sewage sources, and waste heat water sources of production or life, etc.), which can be installed at different positions of the above-mentioned system according to different application requirements, and can adopt various specific forms.

[0084] Figure 8a-8d are the structural principle diagrams of the steam heat utilization unit as a heating unit, a steam supply unit, a domestic hot water supply unit, and a domestic hot water supply unit, respectively.

[0085] When the steam heat utilization unit 2 is used as a heating unit 23 (as shown in Figure 8a ), the heating unit includes a heating heat exchanger 12, a heating water inlet pipe 13, a heating water outlet pipe 14, and a condensate recovery device 15; the water vapor discharged by the steam compressor 7 is connected to the heating heat exchanger 12, exchanges heat with the heating circulating water, and is recovered and reused by the condensate recovery device 15. The inlet and outlet ports of the other side of the heating heat exchanger 12 are connected to the heating water inlet pipe 13 and the heating water outlet pipe 14, respectively. Various water temperatures required for common heating can be obtained, i.e. heating water with a temperature of 25℃ to 95℃.

[0086] When the steam heat utilization unit 2 is used as a steam supply unit 24 (as shown in Figure 8bWhen the steam heat utilization unit 2 is used as a steam supply unit 16 (as shown in Fig. 1), the water vapor discharged from the steam compressor 7 is connected to the steam supply compressor 16, and the steam compressor 7 is compressed to the required steam pressure and temperature by the steam supply compressor 16, and is supplied to the steam user through the steam supply pipe 17. The steam with a pressure of 0.1 MPa to 1.2 MPa can be produced.

[0087] When the steam heat utilization unit 2 is used as a domestic hot water supply unit 25 (as shown in Fig. 2), in the domestic hot water supply unit 25, the water vapor discharged from the steam compressor 7 is connected to the hot water heat exchanger 18, and the condensed water after heat exchange is introduced into the condensed water recovery device 15 for recycling. The other side of the hot water heat exchanger 18 is connected to the domestic hot water inlet pipe 19 and the domestic hot water outlet pipe 20, respectively, and the typical working condition is that the inlet water temperature is 45°C and the outlet water temperature is 50°C. Figure 8c

[0088] When the steam heat utilization unit 2 is used as a domestic hot water supply unit 26 (as shown in Fig. 3), the domestic hot water supply unit 26 can supply domestic hot water and can also provide other uses of 25-100°C hot water. In the domestic hot water supply unit 26, the water vapor discharged from the steam compressor 7 is connected to the heat preservation water spraying chamber 27, and is mixed with the domestic hot water from the domestic hot water inlet pipe 19 and is supplied to the domestic hot water user through the domestic hot water outlet pipe 20. The heat preservation water spraying chamber 27 needs to be provided with an automatic water supplementing device 11. The mixing water ratio is determined by the required domestic hot water temperature. Figure 8d

[0089] The components in the system described in the above figures and each embodiment are all conventional devices, and multiple parallel or series operation can be configured according to the requirements. Among them, the steam compressor 7 and the steam supply compressor 16 can be electrically driven centrifugal, screw type, etc., or can be non-electrically driven forms such as steam jet pump.​​

Claims

1. An air conditioning refrigeration and heating system based on the siphon principle, characterized in that: The system comprises a refrigerant water system, a refrigerant steam system, an automatic water supplement device (11) and a liquid level regulating device (34); the refrigerant water system comprises a high-level water tank (4), a siphon starting pump (6), an evaporation container (1), a low-level water tank (3) and a heat absorption device (22) for providing heat required for refrigerant evaporation; the bottom water outlet of the low-level water tank is connected with the upper water inlet of the high-level water tank through a pipeline, and an internal circulation pump (5) is arranged on the pipeline; the inlet pipeline of the siphon starting pump (6) is inserted below the liquid level in the high-level water tank (4), and the outlet pipeline thereof is connected with the evaporation container (1); the pipeline from the evaporation container (1) to the low-level water tank (3) is inserted below the liquid level in the low-level water tank (3); an exhaust valve (8) and the refrigerant steam system are arranged on the top of the evaporation container (1); the refrigerant steam system comprises a steam compressor (7), a steam exhaust pipeline (31) and a steam heat utilization unit (2) in sequence, and a steam exhaust valve (30) is arranged on the steam exhaust pipeline (31); a steam heat utilization unit switch valve (29) is arranged on the inlet pipeline of the steam heat utilization unit (2); the liquid level regulating device (34) comprises a liquid level meter and a variable volume air bag, and is arranged on the high-level water tank (4); the automatic water supplement device (11) is arranged on the low-level water tank (3); the heat absorption device (22) is arranged in the evaporation container (1), the low-level water tank (3) or the high-level water tank (4), or is arranged on any connecting pipeline of the refrigerant water system, or is arranged above the high-level water tank.

2. The air conditioning and refrigeration heating system based on the siphon principle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elevation difference h1 between the liquid level (21b) of the high-level water tank and the gas-liquid interface (28) of the evaporation container is 0-10.5 meters; the liquid level difference h2 between the high-level water tank and the low-level water tank is 1-10 meters.

3. The air conditioning and refrigeration heating system based on the siphon principle according to claim 1, characterized in that: If the heat absorption device (22) is arranged in the evaporation container, the heat absorption device (22) is a tube-shell heat exchanger combined with the evaporation container as a whole; if the heat absorption device (22) is arranged in the high-level water tank or the low-level water tank, the heat absorption device is a floating disc tube heat exchanger; if the heat absorption device (22) is arranged on any connecting pipeline of the refrigerant water system, the heat absorption device is a plate heat exchanger, or a cold supply user is directly connected to the pipeline of the refrigerant water system as the heat absorption device; if the heat absorption device is arranged above the high-level water tank, the heat absorption device is a heat source tower taking heat from air.

4. The air conditioning and refrigeration heating system based on the siphon principle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steam heat utilization unit (2) adopts one or a combination of several of the following: a heating unit (23) connected with a common heating user, a steam supply unit (24) connected with a steam demand user, a domestic hot water supply unit (25) connected with a domestic hot water user and a domestic hot water supply unit (26) connected with a domestic hot water user.

5. A method for operating an air conditioning and refrigeration and heating system based on the siphon principle according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that When the system is used as a cold water unit only, the operation method comprises the following steps: 1) connecting a heat source of the heat absorption device (22) to make the heat absorption device in the refrigerant water system work; 2) open the exhaust valve (8), start the siphon starting pump (6) and the internal circulation pump (5), when the air in the pipeline between the high-level water tank (4), the evaporation container (1) and the low-level water tank (3) is exhausted and the pipeline is filled with refrigerant water with a temperature greater than 0℃ and less than 100℃, close the exhaust valve (8) and the siphon starting pump (6), and make the refrigerant water in the pipeline flow under the siphon effect; 3) use the automatic water supplement device (11) and the internal circulation pump (5) to stabilize the liquid level difference h2 between the high-level water tank and the low-level water tank, and the stable value is between 1-10 meters; 4) according to the target refrigeration temperature, use the liquid level adjusting device (34) to adjust the elevation difference h1 between the liquid surface (21b) of the high-level water tank and the gas-liquid interface (28) of the evaporation container within the range of 0-10.5 meters, make the refrigerant water vaporize under the negative pressure corresponding to h1, and form refrigerant water vapor; 5) start the vapor compressor (7), make the refrigerant water vapor pressurize under the action of the vapor compressor, close the vapor heat utilization unit switch valve (29), open the vapor exhaust valve (30), and make the refrigerant water vapor exhaust into the atmosphere through the vapor exhaust pipe (31); 6) the heat source connected with the heat absorption device (22) is water source, make the water in the water source exchange heat with the refrigerant water, the temperature of the water from the water source decreases with the evaporation of the refrigerant water, and the chilled water is supplied to the cold supply user, thereby serving as a water chiller.

6. A method for operating an air conditioning and refrigeration and heating system based on the siphon principle according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that When the system is used as a heating unit or a combined heating and cooling unit, the operation method includes the following steps: 1) connect the heat source of the heat absorption device (22), and make the heat absorption device in the refrigerant water system work; 2) open the exhaust valve (8), start the siphon starting pump (6) and the internal circulation pump (5), when the air in the pipeline between the high-level water tank (4), the evaporation container (1) and the low-level water tank (3) is exhausted and the pipeline is filled with refrigerant water with a temperature greater than 0℃ and less than 100℃, close the exhaust valve (8) and the siphon starting pump (6), and make the refrigerant water in the pipeline flow under the siphon effect; 3) use the automatic water supplement device (11) and the internal circulation pump (5) to stabilize the liquid level difference h2 between the high-level water tank and the low-level water tank, and the stable value is between 1-10 meters; 4) according to the heat source temperature of the heat absorption device (22), use the liquid level adjusting device (34) to adjust the elevation difference h1 between the liquid surface (21b) of the high-level water tank and the gas-liquid interface (28) of the evaporation container within the range of 0-10.5 meters, make the refrigerant water vaporize under the negative pressure corresponding to the elevation difference h1, and form refrigerant water vapor; 5) start the vapor compressor (7), make the refrigerant water vapor pressurize under the action of the vapor compressor, close the vapor exhaust valve (30), open the vapor heat utilization unit switch valve (29), and make the refrigerant water vapor flow into the vapor heat utilization unit (2), thereby serving as a heating unit or a combined heating and cooling unit.

7. A method of operating an air conditioning and refrigeration heating system based on the siphon principle according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, If the heat source connected with the heat absorbing device (22) is underground water source, soil water source, surface water source, sewage source, production or living waste heat water source, the system is used as a water source heat pump unit; if the heat source connected with the heat absorbing device is outdoor air, the system is used as an air source heat pump unit; if the heat source connected with the heat absorbing device is chilled water from a cooling user, the system is used as a combined cooling and heating unit.

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