Method and system for monitoring co2 storage based on space-air-ground-well multi-source information

Abstract

The application provides a CO2 storage monitoring method and system based on space-air-ground-well multi-source information. The application combines space-air-ground-well multi-source information, comprehensively interprets multi-source data obtained by synthetic aperture radar in space, air or semi-air transient electromagnetic in the sky, gravity gradient detection on the ground, and resistivity method and microseismic monitoring in the well. Reasonable use of different monitoring technologies plays a role of mutual assistance and mutual complementation, and then CO2 migration in the injection well and the stratum can be effectively monitored.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of carbon dioxide capture, utilization and storage technology, and particularly relates to a CO2 storage monitoring method and system based on multi-source information from air, space, ground and well. Background Technology

[0002] Carbon dioxide capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology, as a greenhouse gas emission reduction technology, will become one of the key technologies indispensable for my country to achieve its carbon neutrality goal. CO2 storage refers to the process of injecting captured CO2 into deep geological reservoirs through engineering techniques to achieve long-term isolation of CO2 from the atmosphere. The greatest risk of CCUS technology is that CO2 may escape from the storage area in the reservoir and leak or seep into areas outside the storage location. Once leakage occurs, it will affect the environment and surrounding organisms, and may even disrupt the ecological balance. Therefore, how to effectively monitor the CO2 storage effect is crucial to the success of CCUS.

[0003] When CO2 leaks after sequestration, it can cause changes in formation resistivity, density, and wave impedance, as well as surface deformation. Therefore, geophysical techniques and remote sensing can be used for monitoring. The inventors discovered that single monitoring techniques may have inherent limitations, providing only partial information in CO2 sequestration monitoring and potentially leading to multiple interpretations and inaccurate results. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the purpose of this invention is to provide a CO2 sequestration monitoring method and system based on multi-source information from space, air, ground, and wellbore. This invention integrates multi-source information from space, air, ground, and wellbore, comprehensively interpreting data obtained from synthetic aperture radar in space, airborne or semi-airborne transient electromagnetic data in the sky, gravity gradient detection on the surface, resistivity methods downhole, and microseismic monitoring. The rational use of different monitoring technologies complements and assists each other, thereby effectively monitoring the migration of CO2 near the injection well and within the formation.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution:

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a CO2 sequestration monitoring method based on multi-source information from air, space, ground, and well, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Perform synthetic aperture radar measurements to obtain surface deformation maps of the CO2 sequestration area;

[0008] Step 2: Use airborne or semi-airborne transient electromagnetic equipment to perform airborne or semi-airborne transient electromagnetic detection to obtain resistivity slices of the CO2 storage area.

[0009] Step 3: Analyze the surface deformation map and resistivity slice map to determine the key monitoring areas for gravity gradient measurement, resistivity method and microseismic measurement;

[0010] Step 4: Use a gravity gradient device to conduct gravity gradient measurements in key monitoring areas of the CO2 storage area to obtain density profile maps;

[0011] Step 5: Using resistivity measurement equipment and seismic monitoring equipment, resistivity measurement and seismic monitoring are carried out in the injection well to obtain three-dimensional resistivity maps and three-dimensional velocity maps;

[0012] Step 6: Perform a comprehensive interpretation of the obtained density profile, resistivity map, and velocity map to monitor the transport of CO2.

[0013] As a further implementation method, the specific method of step 1 is as follows:

[0014] Synthetic aperture images of the CO2 storage area before and after CO2 storage were processed using time-series radar interferometry. Subsequently, various signal processing and differential measurement techniques were used to finally extract the surface deformation information of the CO2 storage area.

[0015] As a further implementation method, the specific method of step 2 is as follows:

[0016] Continuous data acquisition is carried out along the survey line within the CO2 storage area to complete the regional measurement. The obtained airborne or semi-airborne transient electromagnetic data of the survey area are first denoised, and then resistivity slices at different depths of the survey area are obtained by inversion.

[0017] As a further implementation method, the specific method of step 4 is as follows:

[0018] Gravity gradient measurement observes the vertical and horizontal gravity gradients, employing a "down-up-down" observation method. During the measurement, corrections are made for instrument zero-point drift and changes in Earth's solid tides.

[0019] As a further implementation method, the specific method of step 5 is as follows:

[0020] For resistivity monitoring, electrodes at equal intervals are arranged in the monitoring well. The number and spacing of the electrodes are determined comprehensively based on the monitoring range. The obtained data are then rapidly inverted in three dimensions to obtain a three-dimensional resistivity map. For seismic monitoring, four-dimensional seismic monitoring is employed. Three-dimensional seismic monitoring is repeated at the same observation point at different times to obtain three-dimensional velocity maps at different moments, thereby monitoring CO2 migration in the reservoir.

[0021] Secondly, the present invention also provides a CO2 sequestration monitoring system based on multi-source information from air, space, ground, and well, comprising:

[0022] The space monitoring module is used to acquire synthetic aperture radar data of the CO2 storage area;

[0023] The sky monitoring module is used to acquire aeronautical or semi-aeronautical transient electromagnetic data of the CO2 storage area;

[0024] The surface monitoring module is used to acquire gravity gradient data of the CO2 sequestration area;

[0025] The downhole monitoring module is used to acquire resistivity and seismic monitoring data of the CO2 storage area.

[0026] The data processing module is used to denoise, invert, and image the acquired data to obtain surface deformation maps, resistivity slice maps, density profile maps, three-dimensional resistivity maps, and three-dimensional velocity maps. Different values ​​of deformation, resistivity, density, and velocity are displayed through different color scales.

[0027] The path drawing module draws a CO2 migration path map by comprehensively analyzing the abnormal areas in the surface deformation map, resistivity slice map, density profile map, three-dimensional resistivity map, and three-dimensional velocity map.

[0028] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0029] (1) The present invention makes reasonable use of different monitoring technologies, which play a role in assisting and complementing each other, reducing the ambiguity of monitoring work, improving the accuracy of monitoring work, and thus effectively monitoring the migration of CO2 near the injection well and in the formation.

[0030] (2) The CO2 transport path diagram obtained by the present invention can effectively guide the construction and management of CO2 storage and reduce project costs.

[0031] (3) This invention helps to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality. Attached Figure Description

[0032] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a CO2 sequestration monitoring method and system based on multi-source information from air, space, ground, and well, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the CO2 sequestration monitoring method based on multi-source information from air, space, ground, and well, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 3This is a structural block diagram of the CO2 sequestration monitoring system based on multi-source information from air, space, ground, and well, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Among them, 1. Synthetic Aperture Radar, 2. Airborne or semi-airborne transient electromagnetic equipment, 3. Gravity gradient equipment, 4. Resistivity method equipment, 5. Seismic monitoring equipment, 6. Sedimentation layer, 7. Sealing layer, 8. CO2 migration path, and 9. Injection well. Detailed Implementation

[0037] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of this application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains.

[0038] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0039] As described in the background section, existing technologies employ single geophysical techniques or remote sensing techniques to monitor CO2 sequestration. However, single monitoring techniques may have inherent limitations, leading to multiple interpretations of the monitoring results and resulting in inaccuracies. To address this challenge of CO2 sequestration monitoring, this invention discloses a novel method and system for CO2 sequestration monitoring based on multi-source information from air, space, ground, and wellbore.

[0040] Example 1:

[0041] This embodiment provides an overall device for implementing a CO2 sequestration monitoring method based on multi-source information from air, space, ground, and wells, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it mainly includes the following components: synthetic aperture radar 1, airborne or semi-airborne transient electromagnetic equipment 2, gravity gradient equipment 3, resistivity method equipment 4, and earthquake monitoring equipment 5.

[0042] The synthetic aperture radar 1 uses existing radar to acquire synthetic aperture radar data of the CO2 storage area; the airborne or semi-airborne transient electromagnetic device 2 is used to acquire airborne or semi-airborne transient electromagnetic data of the CO2 storage area; the gravity gradient device 3 is used to acquire gravity gradient data; the resistivity method device 4 is used to acquire resistivity data; and the seismic monitoring device 5 is used to acquire seismic monitoring data. After data processing and interpretation, the CO2 migration path 8 in the storage layer 6 or sealing layer 7 can be plotted. The synthetic aperture radar 1 is located in space, the airborne or semi-airborne transient electromagnetic device 2 is generally located in the sky 50-150 meters above the ground, the gravity gradient device 3 is located on the surface of the CO2 storage area, and the resistivity method device 4 and seismic monitoring device 5 are located in the injection well 9.

[0043] Example 2:

[0044] This embodiment provides a CO2 sequestration monitoring method based on multi-source information from air, space, ground, and wells, such as... Figure 2 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0045] Step 1: Perform synthetic aperture radar 1 measurements in the area before and after CO2 sequestration, process the synthetic aperture images using time-series radar interferometry, and then use various signal processing and differential measurement techniques to finally obtain the surface deformation map of the CO2 sequestration area.

[0046] Step 2: Within the CO2 storage area, use airborne or semi-airborne transient electromagnetic equipment 2 to collect airborne or semi-airborne transient electromagnetic data along the measurement line to complete the area measurement. First, perform noise reduction processing on the obtained transient electromagnetic data to improve data quality and reduce the impact of false anomalies. Then, invert the resistivity slice map of different depths in the measurement area to obtain the data.

[0047] Step 3: Analyze the surface deformation map and resistivity slice map to determine the key monitoring areas for gravity gradient measurement, resistivity method and microseismic measurement, so as to reduce the cost of subsequent monitoring;

[0048] Step 4: Use gravity gradient device 3 to conduct gravity gradient measurements on the Earth's surface. The gravity gradient measurement observes the vertical and horizontal gravity gradients. The "down-up-down" observation method is adopted. During the measurement, the zero-point drift of the instrument and the changes in the Earth's solid tides are corrected. Finally, the density profile is obtained by inversion.

[0049] Step 5: Using resistivity measurement equipment 4, resistivity and seismic monitoring are conducted downhole. For resistivity monitoring, electrodes at equal intervals are arranged in the monitoring well. The number and spacing of the electrodes are determined comprehensively based on the monitoring range. The obtained data are then rapidly inverted in three dimensions to obtain a three-dimensional resistivity map. Seismic monitoring is performed using seismic monitoring equipment, employing four-dimensional seismic monitoring. Three-dimensional seismic monitoring is repeated at the same observation point at different times to obtain three-dimensional velocity maps at different times, in order to monitor CO2 migration in the reservoir.

[0050] Step 6: Comprehensively interpret the density profile, resistivity map, and velocity map, and draw the CO2 migration path 8 to realize the monitoring of the CO2 storage area.

[0051] The CO2 storage area includes a storage layer 6 and a sealing layer 7.

[0052] Example 3:

[0053] This embodiment provides a CO2 sequestration monitoring system based on multi-source information from air, space, ground, and wells, such as... Figure 3 As shown, it includes:

[0054] The space monitoring module is used to acquire synthetic aperture radar data of the CO2 storage area;

[0055] The sky monitoring module is used to acquire aeronautical or semi-aeronautical transient electromagnetic data of the CO2 storage area;

[0056] The surface monitoring module is used to acquire gravity gradient data of the CO2 sequestration area;

[0057] The downhole monitoring module is used to acquire resistivity and seismic monitoring data of the CO2 storage area.

[0058] The data processing module is used to denoise, invert, and image the acquired data to obtain surface deformation maps, resistivity slice maps, density profile maps, three-dimensional resistivity maps, and three-dimensional velocity maps. Different values ​​of deformation, resistivity, density, and velocity are displayed through different color scales.

[0059] The path drawing module uses anomaly regions in surface deformation maps, resistivity slice maps, density profile maps, 3D resistivity maps, and 3D velocity maps to draw and determine CO2 migration paths.

[0060] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A CO2 sequestration monitoring method based on multi-source information from air, space, ground, and well, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Perform synthetic aperture radar measurements to obtain a surface deformation map; Step 2: Use airborne or semi-airborne transient electromagnetic equipment to perform airborne or semi-airborne transient electromagnetic detection and obtain resistivity slices. Step 3: Analyze the surface deformation map and resistivity slice map to determine the key monitoring areas for gravity gradient measurement, resistivity method and microseismic measurement; Step 4: Use a gravity gradient device to conduct gravity gradient measurements on the Earth's surface to obtain a density profile. Step 5: Use resistivity measurement equipment and seismic monitoring equipment to conduct resistivity measurement and seismic monitoring downhole to obtain three-dimensional resistivity maps and three-dimensional velocity maps; Step 6: Perform a comprehensive interpretation of the obtained density profile, resistivity map, and velocity map to monitor CO2 migration; Step 1 includes: Synthetic aperture images of the CO2 storage area before and after CO2 storage were processed using time-series radar interferometry. Then, signal processing and differential measurement were used to finally extract the surface deformation information of the CO2 storage area. Step 2 includes: Continuous data acquisition is carried out along the survey line within the CO2 storage area to complete the regional measurement. The obtained airborne or semi-airborne transient electromagnetic data of the survey area are first denoised, and then resistivity slices at different depths of the survey area are obtained by inversion. Step 4 includes: Gravity gradient measurement observes the vertical and horizontal gravity gradients, using a "down-up-down" observation method. During the measurement, the instrument's zero-point drift and changes in the Earth's solid tides are corrected. Step 5 includes: For resistivity monitoring, electrodes with equal intervals are arranged in the monitoring well. The number and spacing of the electrodes are determined comprehensively based on the monitoring range. The obtained data are then rapidly inverted in three dimensions to obtain a three-dimensional resistivity map. For seismic monitoring, four-dimensional seismic monitoring is used. Three-dimensional seismic monitoring is repeated at the same observation point at different times to obtain three-dimensional velocity maps at different times in order to monitor CO2 migration in the reservoir.

2. The CO2 sequestration monitoring method based on multi-source information from air, space, ground, and well, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The CO2 storage area includes a storage layer and a sealing layer.

3. The monitoring system for a CO2 sequestration monitoring method based on multi-source information from air, space, ground, and well, as described in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that... include: The space monitoring module is used to acquire synthetic aperture radar data of the CO2 storage area; The sky monitoring module is used to acquire aeronautical or semi-aeronautical transient electromagnetic data of the CO2 storage area; The surface monitoring module is used to acquire gravity gradient data of the CO2 sequestration area; The downhole monitoring module is used to acquire resistivity and seismic monitoring data of the CO2 storage area. The data processing module is used to denoise, invert, and image the acquired data to obtain surface deformation maps, resistivity slice maps, density profile maps, three-dimensional resistivity maps, and three-dimensional velocity maps. Different values ​​of deformation, resistivity, density, and velocity are displayed through different color scales. The path drawing module uses anomaly regions in surface deformation maps, resistivity slice maps, density profile maps, 3D resistivity maps, and 3D velocity maps to draw and determine CO2 migration paths.

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