Friction-electromagnetic energy collection management circuit, PCB board, voltage stabilizer, processing module

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of new energy harvesting and conversion technology, and in particular to a triboelectric-electromagnetic energy harvesting management circuit, PCB board, voltage regulator, and processing module. The invention integrates both a triboelectric nanogenerator and an electromagnetic generator, with the triboelectric energy harvesting sub-module serving as a low-to-medium frequency vibration energy harvester. The electromagnetic energy harvesting sub-module serves as a mid-to-high frequency vibration energy harvester. The two sub-modules complement each other in the mid-frequency band, providing better coverage of vibration energy harvesting from low to high frequencies. Based on this, the invention can be applied to self-powered sensor systems, providing a more reliable energy harvesting and supply system, solving the problem that relatively high-energy-consuming sensors cannot operate in self-powered mode, and also reducing manual maintenance costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of new energy harvesting and conversion technology, and in particular to triboelectric-electromagnetic energy harvesting management circuits, PCB boards, voltage regulators, and processing modules. Background Technology

[0002] Triboelectric nanogenerators are a rising trend in the field of new energy in recent years, characterized by device nanoscale, miniaturization, and automation. However, the energy collected in existing triboelectric nanogenerators is relatively singular, and the energy collection and processing technologies are not yet mature. Specifically, triboelectric nanogenerators are designed for low-frequency circuits, collecting low- to mid-frequency frictional energy, which results in partial energy harvesting gaps, such as intermediate transition states and high-frequency states. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a triboelectric-electromagnetic energy harvesting management circuit, PCB board, voltage regulator, and processing module to address the problem of incomplete energy harvesting coverage in the existing technologies mentioned above.

[0004] This invention is achieved using the following technical solution:

[0005] First aspect

[0006] This invention discloses a triboelectric-electromagnetic energy harvesting and management circuit, including an energy extraction module, an energy storage module, and an energy output and undervoltage protection module. The energy extraction module harvests electrical energy generated by a triboelectric nanogenerator and an electromagnetic generator. The energy storage module stores the energy collected by the energy extraction module and adds a hysteresis loop to provide a stable energy output when there is an imbalance in the energy input and output of the entire harvesting and management circuit. The energy output and undervoltage protection module is connected to the energy storage module and outputs a stable voltage and current when the continuous input energy is not less than the continuous output energy, and provides intermittent energy supply output when the continuous input energy is less than the continuous output energy.

[0007] The energy harvesting module includes a friction energy harvesting sub-module and an electromagnetic energy harvesting sub-module. The friction energy harvesting sub-module acts as a low-to-medium frequency vibration energy harvester. The electromagnetic energy harvesting sub-module acts as a mid-to-high frequency vibration energy harvester. The friction energy harvesting sub-module and the electromagnetic energy harvesting sub-module complement each other in the mid-frequency range.

[0008] The triboelectric-electromagnetic energy harvesting management circuit implements the method or process according to embodiments of this disclosure.

[0009] Second aspect

[0010] This invention discloses a PCB board. The PCB board is printed with the triboelectric-electromagnetic energy harvesting management circuit disclosed in the first aspect.

[0011] The present invention also discloses a voltage regulator. The voltage regulator has the aforementioned PCB board built into it.

[0012] Third aspect

[0013] This invention discloses a processing module, which is packaged using the triboelectric-electromagnetic energy harvesting management circuit structure as described above.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0015] 1. This invention integrates both a triboelectric nanogenerator and an electromagnetic generator. The triboelectric energy harvesting sub-module serves as a low-to-medium frequency vibration energy harvester, while the electromagnetic energy harvesting sub-module serves as a mid-to-high frequency vibration energy harvester. The two sub-modules complement each other in the mid-frequency band, providing better coverage of vibration energy harvesting from low to high frequencies. Based on this, when applied to self-powered sensor systems, this invention provides a more reliable energy harvesting and supply system, solving the problem that relatively high-energy-consuming sensors cannot operate in self-powered mode, and also reducing manual maintenance costs.

[0016] 2. This invention designs an energy storage module and an energy output and undervoltage protection module. The former stores the collected energy and adds a hysteresis loop to provide stable energy output when the energy balance of the overall circuit is unbalanced. The latter sets a trigger threshold voltage so that the circuit enters sleep mode when the voltage is below the trigger threshold voltage and quickly restores power supply when the voltage reaches the trigger threshold voltage, thereby expanding the application scenarios and prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a circuit diagram of the triboelectric-electromagnetic energy harvesting and management circuit in this invention;

[0018] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Internal schematic block diagram of the LTC3588-1 chip;

[0019] Figure 3 For based on Figure 1 The layout of the designed PCB board;

[0020] Figure 4 for Figure 3 The reverse side;

[0021] Figure 5 For based on Figure 1 Structure diagram of the designed processing module. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] It should be noted that when a component is said to be "installed on" another component, it can be directly on the other component or it may be in a component that is centered on it. When a component is said to be "set on" another component, it can be directly set on the other component or it may also be in a component that is centered on it. When a component is said to be "fixed to" another component, it can be directly fixed to the other component or it may also be in a component that is centered on it.

[0024] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein in the specification of this invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "or / and" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] See Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a circuit diagram of the triboelectric-electromagnetic energy harvesting management circuit of the present invention. This embodiment discloses a triboelectric-electromagnetic energy harvesting management circuit, including an energy extraction module, an energy storage module, an energy output module, and an undervoltage protection module.

[0027] The energy harvesting module collects electrical energy generated by triboelectric nanogenerators and electromagnetic generators. The energy storage module stores the energy collected by the energy harvesting module and adds a hysteresis circuit to provide stable energy output when there is an imbalance in energy input and output in the entire harvesting and management circuit. The energy output and undervoltage protection module is connected to the energy storage module and is used to output stable voltage and current when the continuous input energy is not less than the continuous output energy, and to provide intermittent energy supply output when the continuous input energy is less than the continuous output energy.

[0028] See details Figure 1 The energy harvesting module includes a friction energy harvesting sub-module and an electromagnetic energy harvesting sub-module. The friction energy harvesting sub-module acts as a low-to-medium frequency vibration energy harvester. The electromagnetic energy harvesting sub-module acts as a mid-to-high frequency vibration energy harvester; the friction energy harvesting sub-module and the electromagnetic energy harvesting sub-module complement each other in the mid-frequency band.

[0029] (I) Detailed explanation of the friction energy harvesting sub-module:

[0030] See Figure 1 In the lower left region, the triboelectric energy harvesting sub-module includes rectifier one, capacitor one, four Zener diodes, a thyristor, inductor one, and capacitor two. The AC input terminal of rectifier one is connected to the triboelectric nanogenerator. The AC input terminal of rectifier one serves as the input terminal IN1 of the entire energy harvesting and management circuit. The high-voltage side of capacitor one is connected to the positive terminal of the DC output terminal of rectifier one, and the low-voltage side is connected to the negative terminal of the DC output terminal of rectifier one. The four Zener diodes are Zener one, Zener two, Zener three, and Zener four connected in series. The anode of Zener one is connected to the cathode of Zener two, the anode of Zener two is connected to the cathode of Zener three, and the anode of Zener three is connected to the cathode of Zener four. The cathode of Zener one is connected to the high-voltage side of capacitor one. The anode of the thyristor is connected to the high-voltage side of capacitor one, and its gate control terminal is connected to the anode of Zener four. One end of inductor one is connected to the cathode of the thyristor. The positive terminal of capacitor two is connected to the other end of inductor one, and the negative terminal is connected to the negative terminal of the DC output of rectifier one. The port of capacitor two serves as the voltage output port and is connected to the energy storage module.

[0031] Specifically, in this embodiment, rectifier one uses a high-voltage full-bridge single-phase uncontrolled rectifier D4 (VF = 1kV, VRMS = 700V). Capacitor one uses a high-voltage ceramic capacitor C7 (1nF, withstand voltage 2kV). Four Zener diodes of the same specification are used, including Zener diodes D5, D6, D7, and D8, with a single Zener diode providing a Zener voltage of 200V, and a total Zener voltage of 800V when connected in series. The thyristor is Q1, with parameters IT(RMS) = 0.8A, V(DRM), and V(RRM) up to 600V. Inductor one uses a power inductor L3 (10mH). Capacitor two uses a through-hole aluminum electrolytic capacitor C8 (220uF, 25V). Of course, other components can be used, but their specifications must match the function of this module.

[0032] The AC input terminal of D4 is connected to the triboelectric nanogenerator. Specifically, terminals 1 and 2 of D4 are the AC input terminals, connected to the triboelectric nanogenerator. Terminal 3 of D4 is the positive terminal of the DC output terminal, and terminal 4 is the negative terminal of the DC output terminal. Terminal 3 of D4 is connected to the high-voltage side of C7 (i.e., Figure 1 (As shown in the upper part). D5, D6, D7, and D8 are connected in series. The anode of D5 is connected to the cathode of D6, the anode of D6 is connected to the cathode of D7, and the anode of D7 is connected to the cathode of D8. The cathode of D6 is connected to the high-voltage side of C7. The high-voltage side of C7 is connected to the anode of Q1, and the anode of D8 is connected to the gate control terminal of Q1. The cathode of Q1 is connected to one end of L3, and the other end of L3 is connected to the positive terminal of C8. Terminal 4 of D4 is connected to the low-voltage side of C7 (i.e., Figure 1As shown in the diagram, the lower end of C8 and the negative terminal of C8 are connected together and grounded to form a closed loop. The port of C8 serves as the voltage output port, which is connected to the energy storage module.

[0033] For the triboelectric energy harvesting sub-module, its operation is stable and reliable. The AC output of the triboelectric nanogenerator is rectified by D4 into a pulsating DC voltage. The pulsating DC voltage is then converted into a stepped DC voltage through C7. C7 also serves as the primary energy storage terminal of this sub-module: when the voltage in C7 exceeds 800V, it will break down D5, D6, D7, and D8 to reach the gate control terminal of Q1. When the gate control terminal of Q1 receives a voltage higher than 0.8V, it will conduct, and the energy in C7 will be released to the downstream circuit, thereby quickly transferring the energy in C7 to the filter energy storage circuit composed of L3 and C8. C8 serves as the secondary energy storage terminal of this sub-module.

[0034] It should be noted that the output voltage of the triboelectric nanogenerator is generally in the kilovolt range. The combined effect of C7, Q1, L3, and C8 significantly reduces the voltage. Further isolation by C8 ensures that the output voltage of the submodule matches that of the energy storage module. Capacitor C8 also isolates the high-voltage ground, preventing its positive terminal from being directly grounded and thus preventing contamination of the low-voltage output.

[0035] (II) Detailed explanation of the electromagnetic energy harvesting module:

[0036] See Figure 1In the upper left area, the electromagnetic energy harvesting module includes rectifier two, inductor two, capacitor three, and a DC / DC boost regulator circuit. The AC input terminal of rectifier two is connected to the electromagnetic generator; the AC input terminal of rectifier two serves as the input terminal IN2 of the entire energy harvesting and management circuit. One end of inductor two is connected to the positive terminal of the DC output terminal of rectifier two. The positive terminal of capacitor three is connected to the other end of inductor two, and the negative terminal is connected to the negative terminal of the DC output terminal of rectifier two. The DC / DC boost regulator circuit includes capacitor four, capacitor five, inductor three, diode one, resistor one, resistor two, capacitor six, capacitor seven, and a boost chip. The high-voltage side of capacitor four is connected to the positive terminal of capacitor three, and the low-voltage side is connected to the negative terminal of capacitor three. The high-voltage side of capacitor five is connected to the positive terminal of capacitor three, and the low-voltage side is connected to the negative terminal of capacitor three. One end of inductor three is connected to the positive terminal of capacitor three. The anode of diode one is connected to the other end of inductor three. One end of resistor 1 is connected to the cathode of diode 1. One end of resistor 2 is connected to the other end of resistor 1, and the other end is connected to the negative terminal of capacitor 3. The high-voltage side of capacitor 6 is connected to the cathode of diode 1, and the low-voltage side is connected to the negative terminal of capacitor 3. The high-voltage side of capacitor 7 is connected to the cathode of diode 1 and to the energy storage module, and the low-voltage side is connected to the negative terminal of capacitor 3 and grounded. The SW terminal of the boost chip is connected between inductor 3 and diode 1, the GND terminal is grounded, the FB terminal is connected between resistor 1 and resistor 2, the EN and VIN terminals are connected together and connected between inductor 5 and diode 1, and the NC terminal is left unconnected.

[0037] Specifically, in this embodiment, rectifier two uses a low-voltage full-bridge single-phase uncontrolled rectifier D2 (low dropout 1.1V@800mA). Capacitor three uses a tantalum capacitor C3 (1mF, 6.3V). Inductor two uses a power inductor L1 (10mH). Capacitor four uses C4 (22uF, 25V). Capacitor five uses C5 (X5R, 1uF, 50V). Inductor three uses L2 (10uH, 130mΩ, 1.5A). Diode one uses D1 (0.55V@3A). Resistor one uses R1 (200kΩ). Resistor two uses R2 (24kΩ). Capacitor six uses C1 (X5R, 1uF, 50V). Capacitor seven uses C2 (22uF, 25V). The boost chip uses U1, model SX1308. Of course, other components can also be used, but their specifications must match the function of this module.

[0038] The AC input terminal of D2 is connected to the electromagnetic generator. Specifically, similar to D4, terminals 1 and 2 of D2 are the AC input terminals, connected to the electromagnetic generator. Terminal 3 of D2 is the positive terminal of the DC output, and terminal 4 is the negative terminal of the DC output. Terminal 3 of D2 is connected to one end of L1, and the other end of L1 is connected to the positive terminal of C3 (i.e., Figure 1 (As shown at the top). C4 and C5 are connected in parallel and then connected to the positive terminal of C3, which also connects to one end of L2. The other end of L2 is connected to the anode of D1 (i.e., Figure 1 The left side of the diagram shows the connection. The lower end of R1 is connected to the upper end of R2, so R1 and R2 form a series resistor. The cathode of D1 (i.e., Figure 1 (As shown on the left) is connected to the upper end of R1. C1 and C2 are connected in parallel, with their upper ends on the high-voltage side and their lower ends on the low-voltage side. The upper end of R1 is connected to the upper ends of the parallel C1 and C2. The SW terminal of U1 is connected between L2 and D1, the GND terminal is grounded, the FB terminal is connected between R1 and R2, the EN terminal and VIN terminal are connected together to the upper end of C5, and the NC terminal is left empty. Terminal 4 of D2, the lower ends of C3, C4, and C5, the lower end of R2, and the lower ends of C1 and C2 are all grounded and form a closed loop. The high-voltage side of C1 and C2 is connected to the energy storage module.

[0039] For the electromagnetic energy extraction module, D2 is a low-voltage, low-power rectifier bridge, which can greatly reduce the dissipation of electromagnetic energy in the rectifier bridge. The circuit composed of L1 and C3 can effectively filter high-order harmonics. The internal resistance of L1 is only 14Ω, which can reduce the power dissipation of the inductor itself in the filter circuit. C3 is a tantalum capacitor, which can better suppress high voltage change rate in the filter circuit and make the output voltage waveform flatter. C3 serves as the energy storage terminal of the module, and its two ends are connected to a DC / DC boost regulator circuit, which raises the input voltage from 2V to 5.5V, facilitating energy storage and subsequent processing.

[0040] See Figure 1 The lower middle area is the energy storage module. The energy storage module includes capacitor eight and diode two; the positive terminal of capacitor eight is connected to the positive terminal of capacitor two, and the negative terminal is connected to the negative terminal of capacitor two and grounded; the cathode of diode two is connected to the positive terminal of capacitor eight, and the anode is connected between capacitor seven and diode one.

[0041] Specifically, in this embodiment, capacitor eight is a supercapacitor C9 (1.5F, 5.5V, 240mΩ@1kHz). Diode two is a Schottky diode D3 (typical forward voltage drop VF = 0.55V@3A). Of course, other components can also be used, but their specifications must match the functions of this module.

[0042] C8 and C9 are connected in parallel, with both having positive terminals at the top and negative terminals at the bottom. The top of C2 is connected to the anode of D3. The cathode of D3 is connected to the positive terminal of C9. The bottom ends of C2 and C9 are connected to ground.

[0043] For the energy storage module, C9 serves as the common energy storage terminal. C9 and C8 are connected in parallel, providing a more stable power supply to the output circuit. This can be approximated as adding a hysteresis loop between the input and output circuits, preventing input fluctuations from quickly and promptly affecting the output, thus ensuring the stability of the output circuit. D3 prevents high-voltage energy from the friction energy harvesting side from accumulating in the capacitor and flowing back to the low-voltage electromagnetic energy side, thus reducing energy utilization efficiency. To ensure that D3 itself does not cause excessive energy dissipation, it is recommended to choose a diode with a voltage drop of only 0.55V when the current reaches 3A.

[0044] See Figure 1 The left-hand area houses the energy output and undervoltage protection module. This module includes a conversion chip, capacitor nine, inductor four, capacitor ten, capacitor eleven, and capacitor twelve. The conversion chip's PZ1, PZ2, and PGOOD terminals are left empty. The VIN terminal is connected between capacitor eight and diode two. The D0 and EP terminals are connected together and grounded. The VOUT terminal is connected to the VOUT interface as the output; the VOUT interface serves as the output terminal (OUT) of the entire energy harvesting and management circuit. The high-voltage side of capacitor nine is connected to the CAP terminal of the conversion chip, and the low-voltage side is connected to the VIN terminal of the conversion chip. One end of inductor four is connected to the SW terminal of the conversion chip, and the other end is connected to the VOUT terminal of the conversion chip. The high-voltage side of capacitor ten is connected to the VOUT interface, and the low-voltage side is grounded. The high-voltage side of capacitor eleven is connected to the VOUT interface, and the low-voltage side is grounded. The low-voltage side of capacitor twelve is grounded and serves as the external ground (GND) for the entire energy harvesting and management circuit. The D1 and VIN2 terminals of the conversion chip are connected together and connected to the high-voltage side of capacitor twelve.

[0045] Specifically, in this embodiment, the conversion chip is U2, model LTC3588-1. Capacitor nine is capacitor C6 (1uF, 6.3V). Inductor four is power inductor L4 (10uH). Capacitor ten is tantalum capacitor C10 (10uF, 10V). Capacitor eleven is through-hole aluminum electrolytic capacitor C11 (220uF, 25V). Capacitor twelfth is C12 (4.7uF, 6.3V). Of course, other specifications of components can also be used, but their specifications must be compatible with the function of this module.

[0046] U2's PZ1, PZ2, and PGOOD terminals are left empty. The VIN terminal is connected between capacitor 8 and diode 2. The D0 and EP terminals are connected together and grounded. The VOUT terminal is connected to the VOUT interface as the output. The CAP terminal is connected to the high-voltage side of C6, and the VIN terminal is connected to the low-voltage side of C6. The D1 and VIN2 terminals are connected together and connected to the high-voltage side of C12. The SW terminal is connected to one end of L4. The low-voltage side of C12 is grounded. One end of L4 is connected to the VOUT interface. C10 and C11 are connected in parallel. The high-voltage terminal of C10 is connected to the positive terminal of C11 and then to the VOUT interface. The low-voltage terminal of C10 is connected to the negative terminal of C11 and then grounded.

[0047] For the energy output and undervoltage protection module, it is connected to the external load circuit. When a stable 3.3V voltage cannot be provided to the external load circuit (i.e., the total energy input to this energy harvesting management circuit by the triboelectric nanogenerator and the electromagnetic generator cannot meet the energy consumption required by the entire energy harvesting management circuit itself (approximately 10% of the total energy) and the energy required by the external load circuit, the voltage of C9 will drop below 3.3V due to the continuous supply of charge to the external circuit), this module will interrupt the power supply to the external load and enter a sleep state, at which time the static operating current is less than 950nA; this module continuously monitors the voltage status in C9, and when the internal voltage reaches the set trigger threshold voltage, it will quickly restore the power supply to the external load module, at which time the maximum supply current can reach 100mA.

[0048] See Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is an internal block diagram of U2 (LTC3588-1). Specifically, the voltage signal enters U2 through the Vin pin (pin 4 in the diagram), and is then regulated by a 20V Zener diode to prevent overvoltage from damaging subsequent circuits, providing a certain level of protection. The voltage signal is then transmitted to the UVLO undervoltage lockout protection module, which detects the Vin input level.

[0049] When the Vin input level is lower than the required output voltage (e.g., 3.3V), the UVLO undervoltage lockout protection module sends a signal to the PGOOD COMPARATOR module, which then transmits a sleep signal to the external load circuit. The SLEEP comparator also receives the sleep signal from the UVLO undervoltage lockout protection module. By comparing it with the reference voltage (i.e., threshold level, e.g., 5.5V) built into the BANDGAP REFERENCE module, it transmits a sleep signal to the BUCK CONTROL, entering sleep mode. At this time, the quiescent current of this module is approximately 950nA.

[0050] When the UVLO undervoltage lockout protection module detects that the Vin input level is higher than the set threshold level, it sends a wake-up signal to the PGOODCOMPARATOR module and the SLEEP comparator. The PGOOD COMPARATOR wakes up the external load circuit, and the SLEEP comparator wakes up the BUCK CONTROL module. The module then starts to work normally, providing a constant 3.3V voltage to the external load circuit.

[0051] Based on the above design, compared to existing triboelectric nanogenerator circuits that can only perform input-output energy matching or scenarios where large energy is collected and supplied to small demands (because the instantaneous power collected by the power generation devices, i.e., the triboelectric energy collection unit and the electromagnetic energy collection unit, is generally in the μW level, while the overall power consumption of some sensor modules, i.e., the external load circuit, is greater than the instantaneous power of the power generation devices), this circuit adopts an energy storage-output-energy storage strategy to solve the power supply problem of high-power devices (U2 and C9 jointly implement this function, where U2 controls whether to output and C9 stores energy). For ultra-low power sensor modules (i.e., instantaneous power consumption is less than the instantaneous power of the power generation devices), it can provide them with stable, continuous, reliable, and low-ripple power supply. Excess energy will be stored in C9 to cope with occasional needs and realize intermittent power supply, which can meet the large power consumption demand within a certain period of time, so as to better adapt to various load circuits.

[0052] This circuit has diverse applications. For example, when combined with ocean beacon equipment, it enables real-time monitoring of ocean conditions under windy and wave conditions. Combined with sensors in forests, woodlands, and on land, it can monitor important environmental indicators, supporting research in fields such as climate change that require large amounts of data over long timescales. In short, this circuit can be integrated into self-powered scenarios that require the collection or conversion of vibrational energy, providing stable or intermittent power to the load circuit.

[0053] In conjunction with the aforementioned triboelectric-electromagnetic energy harvesting management circuit, this embodiment also discloses a PCB board. The aforementioned triboelectric-electromagnetic energy harvesting management circuit is printed on this PCB board.

[0054] PCB layout reference Figure 3 , Figure 4 The triboelectric-electromagnetic energy harvesting and management circuit is integrated on a single PCB. Specifically, the output voltage of the triboelectric nanogenerator is generally around 1kV, while the output voltage of the electromagnetic generator is generally only around 1.6V, a huge difference. Using the circuit design described above, the high and low voltage processing can be combined on the same PCB.

[0055] Figure 3 As the top layer of the PCB layout, Figure 4This is the bottom layer of the PCB layout. The overall dimensions of the PCB layout are 41mm x 40mm. The component labels on the PCB layout correspond one-to-one with those in the above embodiments. The dark areas on the PCB layout represent copper pours and traces, the outlines represent the two-dimensional projections of the components and the outermost board outline, the larger holes are pads, and the smaller holes are vias. Figure 3 The left side of D2 is the connection point to the triboelectric nanogenerator, the left side of D4 is the connection point to the electromagnetic generator, and the left side of C11 is the connection point to the external load circuit.

[0056] For the triboelectric energy harvesting module, the connection areas of components such as D4, C7, Q1, L3, and C8 all employ large-area copper plating to handle high voltage levels, further reducing line impedance and minimizing energy loss on the PCB. The signal feedback lines connecting D5, D6, D7, and D8 utilize narrow 6mil traces to reduce energy loss. The high-voltage side of the base plate is entirely copper-plated as a ground network, ensuring reliable circuit grounding. In the rational layout of this triboelectric energy harvesting module, the gap breakdown voltage was calculated as a reference, and the minimum spacing between components was considered. High-voltage, small-volume components were selected for a more compact component distribution. Furthermore, the U1 chip used has low quiescent current, and the components have low voltage drop and low internal resistance. Combined with rational wiring, this achieves higher efficiency triboelectric energy harvesting in a smaller size.

[0057] For the electromagnetic energy harvesting module, since it is a low-voltage, high-current electromagnetic micro-energy harvesting circuit, copper plating is used for connections between components to increase the current conduction area and reduce line impedance. For the boost circuit module, the presence of a high-frequency switch in the circuit prevents electromagnetic interference; the area enclosed by the SW loop (i.e., the loop formed by the SW pin of the U1 chip) must be sufficiently small. The boost module is a typical negative feedback regulation module; the FB pin of the U1 chip needs to receive sampling information from Vout. To ensure accurate sampling output signal, the sampling terminal of the feedback voltage should be as close as possible to the output terminal, and the loop area enclosed by the FB pin must also be sufficiently small to avoid electromagnetic interference. The overall traces of the feedback line are thin and short to ensure accurate signal sampling and reduce errors caused by the line. Meanwhile, reliable grounding of the high-frequency circuit is crucial; the grounding terminal of the high-frequency signal should not be too close to the grounding terminal of the DC output. Numerous vias in the PCB layout ensure reliable grounding of components, guaranteeing extremely low high-order harmonic content in the output DC signal. The low-voltage circuit processing section has two inductors (L1, L2). To avoid coupling between the inductors affecting normal circuit function, the two inductors are placed vertically.

[0058] For other components, the electrical energy entering the power output and undervoltage protection module must be filtered through capacitor C6. The trace width must not exceed the size of the capacitor pad to ensure that the current entering the U2 chip is not affected by high-frequency pulse current signals, thus avoiding damage to the U2 chip and causing it to malfunction. To ensure reliable grounding of the U2 chip, a via needs to be drilled at the grounding terminal to conduct the high-frequency switching electromagnetic signal to the underlying GND network, thereby avoiding any impact on the DC output.

[0059] Furthermore, this embodiment also discloses a voltage regulator. The voltage regulator includes a housing, within which the aforementioned PCB board is housed. This voltage regulator is connected to a triboelectric nanogenerator and an electromagnetic generator to perform the aforementioned energy harvesting and management.

[0060] Example 2

[0061] This embodiment discloses a processing module, which is packaged using the triboelectric-electromagnetic energy harvesting management circuit structure described in Embodiment 1. For example... Figure 5 As shown, the processing module has four pins: input pin 1, input pin 2, output pin, and ground pin. Input pin 1 is electrically connected to input terminal IN1. Input pin 2 is electrically connected to input terminal IN2. Output pin is electrically connected to output terminal OUT. Ground pin is electrically connected to external ground terminal GND.

[0062] This embodiment also discloses an electronic device, which includes a device body and a processing module as described above disposed within the device body. The device body may be, but is not limited to, a charger, a generator, a voltage regulator, etc., and can be connected to a triboelectric nanogenerator or an electromagnetic generator to perform the aforementioned energy harvesting and management.

[0063] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0064] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of this invention patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A friction-electromagnetic energy harvesting management circuit, characterized in that, include: Energy harvesting module, which is used to collect electrical energy generated by triboelectric nanogenerators and electromagnetic generators; An energy storage module is used to store the energy collected by the energy extraction module and to add a hysteresis circuit to provide a stable energy output when the energy income and expenditure of the entire collection and management circuit are unbalanced. as well as The energy output and undervoltage protection module is connected to the energy storage module. It is used to output a stable voltage and current when the continuous input energy is not less than the continuous output energy, and to provide intermittent energy supply output when the continuous input energy is less than the continuous output energy. The energy harvesting module includes: A frictional energy harvesting sub-module, which acts as a low-to-medium frequency vibration energy collector; and An electromagnetic energy harvesting sub-module serves as a mid-to-high frequency vibration energy collector; the friction energy harvesting sub-module and the electromagnetic energy harvesting sub-module complement each other in the mid-frequency band. The friction energy harvesting sub-module includes: Rectifier 1, whose AC input terminal is connected to a triboelectric nanogenerator; Capacitor 1 has its high-voltage side connected to the positive terminal of the DC output of rectifier 1, and its low-voltage side connected to the negative terminal of the DC output of rectifier 1. Four Zener diodes, including Zener diode 1, Zener diode 2, Zener diode 3, and Zener diode 4 connected in series; the anode of Zener diode 1 is connected to the cathode of Zener diode 2, the anode of Zener diode 2 is connected to the cathode of Zener diode 3, and the anode of Zener diode 3 is connected to the cathode of Zener diode 4; the cathode of Zener diode 1 is connected to the high-voltage side of capacitor 1. The thyristor has its anode connected to the high-voltage side of capacitor one and its gate control terminal connected to the anode of Zener diode four. Inductor 1, one end of which is connected to the cathode of the thyristor; and Capacitor 2 has its positive terminal connected to the other end of inductor 1 and its negative terminal connected to the negative terminal of the DC output of rectifier 1; the port of capacitor 2 serves as a voltage output port and is connected to the energy storage module. The electromagnetic energy harvesting sub-module includes: Rectifier 2, its AC input terminal is connected to the electromagnetic generator; Inductor 2, one end of which is connected to the positive terminal of the DC output of rectifier 2; Capacitor three has its positive terminal connected to the other end of inductor two, and its negative terminal connected to the negative terminal of the DC output of rectifier two; and The DC / DC boost regulator circuit is connected to a capacitor and then to an energy storage module.

2. The friction-electromagnetic energy harvesting management circuit of claim 1, wherein, The DC / DC boost regulator circuit includes: Capacitor four has its high-voltage side connected to the positive terminal of capacitor three, and its low-voltage side connected to the negative terminal of capacitor three. Capacitor 5 has its high-voltage side connected to the positive terminal of capacitor 3 and its low-voltage side connected to the negative terminal of capacitor 3. Inductor 3, one end of which is connected to the positive terminal of capacitor 3; Diode 1 has its anode connected to the other end of inductor 3; Resistor 1, one end of which is connected to the cathode of diode 1. Resistor 2, one end of which is connected to the other end of the resistor, and the other end of which is connected to the negative terminal of capacitor 3; Capacitor 6 has its high-voltage side connected to the cathode of diode 1, and its low-voltage side connected to the negative terminal of capacitor 3. Capacitor 7 has its high-voltage side connected to the cathode of diode 1 and to the energy storage module, and its low-voltage side connected to the negative terminal of capacitor 3 and grounded; and The boost converter chip has its SW terminal connected between inductor 3 and diode 1, its GND terminal grounded, its FB terminal connected between resistor 1 and resistor 2, its EN and VIN terminals connected together and connected between inductor 5 and diode 1, and its NC terminal left empty.

3. The triboelectric-electromagnetic energy harvesting and management circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that, The energy storage module includes: Capacitor 8 has its positive terminal connected to the positive terminal of capacitor 2, and its negative terminal connected to the negative terminal of capacitor 2 and grounded; and Diode 2 has its cathode connected to the positive terminal of capacitor 8, and its anode connected between capacitor 7 and diode 1.

4. The friction-electromagnetic energy harvesting management circuit of claim 3, wherein, The energy output and undervoltage protection module includes: The conversion chip has its PZ1, PZ2, and PGOOD terminals set to empty, its VIN terminal connected between capacitor 8 and diode 2, its D0 and EP terminals connected together and grounded, and its VOUT terminal connected to the VOUT interface as the output. Capacitor 9 has its high-voltage side connected to the CAP terminal of the conversion chip and its low-voltage side connected to the VIN terminal of the conversion chip. Inductor 4, one end of which is connected to the SW terminal of the conversion chip, and the other end of which is connected to the VOUT terminal of the conversion chip; The capacitor has its high-voltage side connected to the VOUT interface and its low-voltage side grounded. Capacitor eleven has its high-voltage side connected to the VOUT interface and its low-voltage side grounded; and The capacitor is twelve, with its low-voltage side grounded; the D1 and VIN2 terminals of the conversion chip are connected together and connected to the high-voltage side of the capacitor twelve.

5. The friction-electromagnetic energy harvesting management circuit of claim 4, wherein, The VOUT terminal is connected to an external load circuit. When the energy output and undervoltage protection module is unable to provide a stable output voltage to the external load circuit, the energy output and undervoltage protection module enters a sleep state. When the voltage of the capacitor reaches the preset threshold voltage, the energy output and undervoltage protection module quickly restores power supply to the external load circuit.

6. A PCB board characterized by, The PCB board is printed with a triboelectric energy harvesting management circuit as described in any one of claims 1-5.

7. A voltage regulator, characterized in that, Including the PCB board as described in claim 6.

8. A processing module, characterized by It is packaged using the triboelectric-electromagnetic energy harvesting management circuit structure as described in any one of claims 1-5.

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