Bauxite tailings recovery method and filter press therefor

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for recovering bauxite tailings and a filter press thereof. The method for recovering bauxite tailings includes the following steps: Step 1: The slurry-like bauxite tailings are squeezed out of some water using a filter press to form lumps; Step 2: The lumps are heated to 750-850 degrees Celsius for 1.5-2.5 hours to form dry lumps; Step 3: The lumps are crushed using a pulverizer; Step 4: The crushed tailings are sold directly as polyaluminum raw materials. This process can realize the recycling and reuse of bauxite tailings, greatly reducing resource waste and environmental pollution.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of bauxite recovery technology, and in particular to a method for recovering bauxite tailings and a filter press thereof. Background Technology

[0002] Bauxite is actually a general term for industrially usable ores composed mainly of gibbsite and boehmite. Bauxite is the best raw material for producing metallic aluminum and its most important application area, accounting for more than 90% of the world's total bauxite production.

[0003] During the existing bauxite mining process, a lot of bauxite powder is generated and mixed in with the bauxite. The powder cannot be used directly. In order to clean the powder, water is used to wash it, forming a mud-like bauxite tailings. The tailings are directly discarded, resulting in waste.

[0004] Chinese Patent Publication No. CN105127010B relates to a feeding assembly for a bauxite positive flotation tailings filter press. This invention effectively solves the problems of long feeding time of tailings underflow into the filter press, thin filter cake, and short lifespan of the feed pump components in the filter press. The discharge port of the scavenging tailings feed pump is connected to the inlet of a hydrocyclone; the overflow outlet of the hydrocyclone is connected to the inlet of the tailings settling tank; the underflow outlet of the hydrocyclone is connected to the upper opening of a conical trough; the outlet of the conical trough is connected to an intermediate pump; the intermediate pump is connected to the underflow pipe of the tailings settling tank; the outlet of the underflow pipe of the tailings settling tank is connected to the inlet of the feed pump of the tailings filter press; and the outlet of the feed pump of the tailings filter press is connected to the tailings filter press itself. This invention has a simple structure, is easy to install and use, and has good performance. It solves the problems of long feeding time of tailings underflow into the tailings filter press, poor cake formation, and short lifespan of the feed pump components in the tailings filter press, thus improving working efficiency.

[0005] The existing bauxite tailings cannot be directly recycled, causing a lot of environmental pollution and resource waste. Moreover, bauxite tailings need to be filtered to remove water during recycling. Due to the complex composition of the tailings, the filter cake and filter cloth stick together after filtration. Traditional equipment relies on gravity to separate them, which is difficult. The filter cake needs to be separated manually, resulting in low filtration efficiency and greatly affecting the tailings recycling efficiency.

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a bauxite tailings recovery method and a filter press thereof to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for recovering bauxite tailings and a filter press thereof to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for recovering bauxite tailings, comprising the following steps:

[0009] Step 1: Use a filter press to squeeze out some of the water from the slurry-like bauxite tailings, forming them into lumps;

[0010] Step 2: Heat the lumpy material to 750-850 degrees Celsius for 1.5-2.5 hours to form dry lumpy tailings;

[0011] Step 3: Use a crusher to crush the lumpy tailings;

[0012] Step 4: After crushing the tailings, sell them directly as polyaluminum raw materials.

[0013] Preferably, the heating temperature in step two is 800 degrees Celsius, and the heating time is 2 hours.

[0014] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the particle size of the pulverized material in step three is no greater than 2 mm.

[0015] A filter press for recovering bauxite tailings includes a filter press body. A limiting rod is fixedly connected to the side end face of the filter press body. Multiple filter plates are slidably connected to the limiting rod. The filter plates are movably disposed in the middle of the filter press body. One end of the filter press body is provided with a pressing push rod for pressing the filter plates. A movable slide rail is fixedly connected to the end of the limiting rod away from the filter press body. A separation mechanism for separating the filter plates is slidably connected to the movable slide rail. A filter cavity is opened in the middle of the filter plate. A filter cloth is provided in the middle of the filter cavity. A material inlet is provided in the middle of the filter cloth. A separation mechanism that fits the filter cloth is provided inside the filter cavity. Limiting sliders adapted to the limiting rod are fixedly connected to both ends of the filter plate.

[0016] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the separation mechanism includes a cleaning rope, a sliding groove, and a cleaning slider. The cleaning rope is movably embedded in the inner wall of the filter cavity. The sliding groove is opened in the inner wall of the filter cavity and is vertically arranged with the cleaning rope. The cleaning slider is slidably connected inside the sliding groove, and one end of the cleaning slider is fixedly connected to the cleaning rope. The end of the cleaning rope away from the cleaning slider is fixedly connected to the filter plate.

[0017] Furthermore, the separation mechanism is provided in two sets, symmetrically arranged with the injection port as the center. The cleaning rope is made of elastic material, and one end of the cleaning rope is fixedly connected to the end of the filter cloth.

[0018] As a further embodiment of the present invention, a drive ring is embedded inside the limiting slider, the drive ring is used to drive the sliding of the cleaning slider, and the limiting rod is threadedly engaged with the drive ring.

[0019] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the drive ring includes a drive ring body, a threaded groove, a traction rope, and a winding groove. The drive ring body is rotatably embedded inside the limiting slider. The threaded groove is opened in the middle of the drive ring body. The winding groove is opened on the outer end face of the drive ring body. The traction rope is wound around the inside of the winding groove. The end of the traction rope away from the winding groove is fixedly connected to the cleaning slider.

[0020] Furthermore, the filter plate is internally fitted with a limiting roller to limit the movement of the traction rope and the traction position.

[0021] As a further embodiment of the present invention, a pressure injection hole is provided on the side end face of the filter plate, the pressure injection hole is connected to the filter press body through a pressure injection pipe, a sealing cavity is provided in the middle of the filter plate, the sealing cavity is sealed by a sealing layer, the sealing layer is arranged parallel to the filter cloth, and the sealing cavity is connected to the pressure injection hole.

[0022] Furthermore, a drainage gap is provided between the sealing layer and the filter cloth, the drainage gap is connected to the drain hole, and the sealing layer is made of elastic material.

[0023] Furthermore, a telescopic tube is embedded inside the filter plate, and a spring is installed inside the telescopic tube. The telescopic tube is filled inside the sliding groove and fits against the cleaning slider. The telescopic tube can be a telescopic sleeve or a corrugated pipe, etc.

[0024] When using this invention, the solid particles in the bauxite tailings are collected by first pressing and filtering the tailings. After pressing and filtering, the water content of the lumpy tailings needs to be effectively reduced. If necessary, they can be dried and further crushed. After crushing the lumpy tailings, high-quality bauxite with an aluminum-silicon ratio greater than 5 can be obtained, avoiding the waste and environmental pollution caused by a large amount of tailings. Attached Figure Description

[0025] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the device structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the filter plate structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the drive ring structure of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the filter plate of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the filter plate of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 This is the invention Figure 4 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the working structure of the cleaning rope of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 8 This is the invention Figure 7 Enlarged structural diagram at point B.

[0034] In the diagram: 1. Filter press body; 2. Extrusion push rod; 3. Limiting rod; 4. Injection pipe; 5. Moving slide rail; 6. Filter plate; 7. Separation mechanism; 8. Drainage hole; 9. Injection hole; 10. Limiting slider; 11. Drive ring; 12. Sliding groove; 13. Cleaning slider; 14. Filter cloth; 15. Cleaning rope; 16. Inlet; 17. Drive ring body; 18. Threaded groove; 19. Traction rope; 20. Wrapping groove; 21. Limiting roller; 22. Spring; 23. Telescopic tube; 24. Sealing layer; 25. Sealing cavity. Detailed Implementation

[0035] Example 1

[0036] A method for recovering bauxite tailings includes the following steps:

[0037] Step 1: Use a filter press to squeeze out some of the water from the slurry-like bauxite tailings, forming them into lumps;

[0038] Step 2: Heat the lumpy material to 750-850 degrees Celsius for 1.5-2.5 hours to form dry lumpy tailings;

[0039] Step 3: Use a crusher to crush the lumpy tailings;

[0040] Step 4: After crushing the tailings, sell them directly as polyaluminum raw materials.

[0041] Preferably, the heating temperature in step two is 800 degrees Celsius, and the heating time is 2 hours.

[0042] When using this method, the solid particles in the bauxite tailings are collected by first pressing and filtering them. After pressing and filtering, the moisture content of the lumpy tailings needs to be effectively reduced. If necessary, they can be dried and further crushed. After crushing, high-quality bauxite with an aluminum-silicon ratio greater than 5 can be obtained, thus avoiding the waste and environmental pollution caused by large amounts of tailings.

[0043] like Figure 1-2As shown, a filter press for recovering bauxite tailings includes a filter press body 1. A limiting rod 3 is fixedly connected to the side end face of the filter press body 1. Multiple filter plates 6 are slidably connected to the limiting rod 3. The filter plates 6 are movably arranged in the middle of the filter press body 1. One end of the filter press body 1 is provided with a pressing push rod 2 for pressing the filter plates 6. A movable slide rail 5 is fixedly connected to the end of the limiting rod 3 away from the filter press body 1. A separation mechanism 7 for separating the filter plates 6 is slidably connected to the movable slide rail 5. A filter cavity is opened in the middle of the filter plate 6. A filter cloth 14 is provided in the middle of the filter cavity. A material inlet 16 is provided in the middle of the filter cloth 14. A separation mechanism that fits the filter cloth 14 is provided inside the filter cavity. Limiting sliders 10 that are adapted to the limiting rod 3 are fixedly connected to both ends of the filter plate 6.

[0044] During use, the filter plates 6 are pressed together by the extrusion pusher 2. After extrusion, the filter cavities inside the filter plates 6 are sealed together, thus forming a sealed cavity. The filter press body 1 injects bauxite tailings through the feed inlet 16. Under the action of the filter cloth 14, the water passes through the filter cloth 14 and is discharged through the drain hole 8 embedded in the filter plate 6. Solid particles are trapped inside the sealed filter cavity, thereby removing water from the bauxite. Furthermore, after the filter press is completed, the pressed filter plates 6 are separated piece by piece by the separation mechanism 7 along the injection pipe 4. After separation, the filter cavity is opened. Since the tailings have a high density and viscosity, it is often necessary to manually use a shovel to assist in the removal of the tailings. During the removal process, residues adhere to the surface of the filter cloth 14, which reduces the filter press efficiency.

[0045] Example 2

[0046] Based on Example 1, such as Figure 1-2 As shown in Figures 7-8, the separation mechanism includes a cleaning rope 15, a sliding groove 12, and a cleaning slider 13. The cleaning rope 15 is movably embedded in the inner wall of the filter chamber. The sliding groove 12 is opened in the inner wall of the filter chamber and is vertically arranged with the cleaning rope 15. The cleaning slider 13 is slidably connected inside the sliding groove 12, and one end of the cleaning slider 13 is fixedly connected to the cleaning rope 15. The end of the cleaning rope 15 away from the cleaning slider 13 is fixedly connected to the filter plate 6.

[0047] Furthermore, the separation mechanism is provided in two sets, symmetrically arranged with the injection port 16 as the center. The cleaning rope 15 is made of elastic material, and one end of the cleaning rope 15 is fixedly connected to the end of the filter cloth 14.

[0048] In use, by driving the cleaning slider 13 to slide, the lumpy tailings, after the filter chamber is opened, slide along the cleaning slider 13, causing the cleaning rope 15 to gradually deflect from its original state of being embedded in the inner wall of the filter chamber. This causes the cleaning rope 15 to slide along the surface of the filter cloth 14, thereby causing the lumpy tailings attached to the surface of the filter cloth 14 to fall off and fall off under the action of gravity, which greatly improves the working efficiency of pressing and filtering lumpy tailings. Furthermore, through the symmetrical arrangement of the cleaning rope 15 and by setting one end of the cleaning rope 15 at the end of the filter cloth 14, the deflection of the cleaning rope 15 as it moves with the cleaning slider 13 can reach 45°. Through these two sets of symmetrical arrangements, a large area of ​​coverage of the surface of the filter cloth 14 can be achieved, avoiding the separation and residue of lumpy tailings and further improving the separation efficiency.

[0049] like Figure 1-4 As shown, the inner rotating part of the limiting slider 10 is fitted with a drive ring 11, which is used to drive the sliding of the cleaning slider 13, and the limiting rod 3 is threadedly engaged with the drive ring 11.

[0050] like Figure 1-4 As shown, the drive ring 11 includes a drive ring body 17, a threaded groove 18, a traction rope 19, and a winding groove 20. The drive ring body 17 is rotatably embedded inside the limiting slider 10. The threaded groove 18 is opened in the middle of the drive ring body 17. The winding groove 20 is opened on the outer end face of the drive ring body 17. The traction rope 19 is wound around the inside of the winding groove 20. The end of the traction rope 19 away from the winding groove 20 is fixedly connected to the cleaning slider 13.

[0051] Furthermore, the filter plate 6 is internally fitted with a limiting roller 21 to limit the traction rope 19, thereby limiting the sliding and traction position of the traction rope 19.

[0052] In use, after the filter plates 6 are filtered, they move along the limiting rod 3 driven by the separation mechanism 7, causing the filter plates 6 to separate from each other. As the filter plates 6 move along the limiting rod 3, the drive ring 11 engages with the limiting rod 3 through the threaded groove 18, causing the drive ring body 17 to rotate inside the limiting slider 10. The drive ring body 17 is connected to the traction rope 19 through the winding groove 20. As the traction rope 19 is wound, the cleaning slider 13 slides inside the sliding groove 12, thereby driving the cleaning rope 15 to separate the lumpy tailings. This allows the device to automatically separate the lumpy tailings without manual intervention. The setting of the drive ring 11 enables the filter plates 6 to automatically separate the lumpy tailings while separating, thus achieving automated separation.

[0053] like Figure 1-8As shown, a pressure injection hole 9 is provided on the side end face of the filter plate 6. The pressure injection hole 9 is connected to the filter press body 1 through the pressure injection pipe 4. A sealing cavity 25 is provided in the middle of the filter plate 6. The sealing cavity 25 is sealed by a sealing layer 24. The sealing layer 24 is arranged parallel to the filter cloth 14. The sealing cavity 25 is connected to the pressure injection hole 9.

[0054] Furthermore, a drainage gap is provided between the sealing layer 24 and the filter cloth 14, and the drainage gap is connected to the drain hole 8. The sealing layer 24 is made of elastic material.

[0055] During use, the filtration process is carried out solely through the feed pressure applied to the filter press body 1, with the internal pressure exceeding 100 kgf / cm². 2 (i.e., pressure greater than 100 kg per square centimeter), the material after filtration still has a certain moisture content, and the lumpy material is relatively loose and difficult to fall off in clumps. Therefore, a sealing cavity 25 is provided. The sealing cavity 25 is connected and pressurized through the injection pipe 4, so that the sealing layer 23 expands under pressure and squeezes the filter cloth 14, causing the filter cloth 14 to form an arc-shaped arch. This reduces the volume of the sealed cavity between the filter cloths 14, further filtration of solid particles in the filter cavity. After the filter plate 6 is separated, the sealing cavity 25 still maintains a certain pressure, causing the filter cloth 14 to arch. This can also further improve the fit between the cleaning rope 15 and the filter cloth 14 when it moves, thereby improving the filtration effect and greatly improving the integrity and efficiency of the separation of solid particles from the filter cloth 14.

[0056] Furthermore, a telescopic tube 23 is embedded inside the filter plate 6, and a spring 22 is installed inside the telescopic tube 23. The telescopic tube 23 is filled inside the sliding groove 12, and the telescopic tube 23 is in contact with the cleaning slider 13. The telescopic tube 23 can be a telescopic sleeve or a corrugated pipe, etc.

[0057] In use, the sliding groove 12 is filled by the telescopic tube 23 to prevent solid particles from entering the sliding groove 12 during filtration, thereby reducing the resistance when the cleaning slider 13 moves. The telescopic tube 23 is equipped with a spring 22, which allows the cleaning slider 13 to move under the elastic force of the cleaning rope 15 and the spring 22 when the 6 is pressed together, so that the cleaning rope 15 is embedded in the inner wall of the filter chamber.

[0058] Working principle: The filter plates 6 are pressed together by the extrusion pusher 2, and the filter cavities inside the filter plates 6 are sealed together after extrusion, thus forming a sealed cavity. The filter press body 1 is injected with bauxite tailings through the inlet 16. Under the action of the filter cloth 14, the water passes through the filter cloth 14 and is discharged through the drainage holes 8 embedded in the filter plates 6. Solid particles are trapped inside the sealed filter cavity, thereby removing water from the bauxite. Furthermore, after the filtration is completed, the separation mechanism 7 slides along the injection pipe 4 to separate the pressed filter plates 6 one by one. After separation, the filter cavity is opened. Due to the high density and viscosity of the tailings, it is often necessary to manually use a shovel to assist in the removal of the tailings. During the removal process, residues adhere to the surface of the filter cloth 14, which reduces the filtration efficiency. The sliding of the cleaning slider 13 causes the lumpy tailings to slide along the filter cloth 14 after the filter chamber opens. This causes the cleaning rope 15 to gradually deflect from its initial position embedded in the filter chamber wall, allowing it to slide along the surface of the filter cloth 14. This causes the lumpy tailings adhering to the filter cloth 14 to detach and fall off under gravity, significantly improving the efficiency of pressure filtration of lumpy tailings. Furthermore, the symmetrical arrangement of the cleaning rope 15, with one end positioned at the end of the filter cloth 14, allows the rope to deflect up to 45° as the cleaning slider 13 moves. These two symmetrical arrangements achieve a large-area coverage of the filter cloth 14 surface, preventing the separation and residue of lumpy tailings, further improving separation efficiency. After the filter press is completed, the filter plates 6 move along the limiting rod 3 driven by the separation mechanism 7, causing the filter plates 6 to separate from each other. As the filter plates 6 move along the limiting rod 3, the drive ring 11 engages with the limiting rod 3 through the threaded groove 18, causing the drive ring body 17 to rotate inside the limiting slider 10. The drive ring body 17 is wound with a traction rope 19 through the winding groove 20. As the traction rope 19 winds around, the cleaning slider 13 slides inside the sliding groove 12, thereby driving the cleaning rope 15 to separate the lumpy tailings. This allows the device to automatically separate the lumpy tailings without manual intervention. The drive ring 11 enables the filter plates 6 to automatically separate the lumpy tailings during the filter press process. In this filter press, the material is filtered by the main body 1 of the filter press alone. The filtered material still has a certain moisture content and the lumpy material is relatively loose and difficult to fall off in clumps. Therefore, a telescopic tube 23 is provided. The telescopic tube 23 is connected to the injection tube 4 and is pressurized. This causes the spring 22 to expand under pressure and squeeze the filter cloth 14, making the filter cloth 14 arched. This reduces the volume of the sealed cavity between the filter cloths 14, further filtering the solid particles in the filter cavity. Even after the filter plate 6 is separated, the telescopic tube 23 still maintains a certain pressure, making the filter cloth 14 arched. This also further improves the fit between the cleaning rope 15 and the filter cloth 14 when it moves. Thus, while improving the filtration effect, it can also greatly improve the integrity and efficiency of the separation of solid particles from the filter cloth 14.

Claims

1. A filter press for recovering bauxite tailings, comprising a filter press body, characterized in that: A limiting rod is fixedly connected to the side end face of the filter press body. The limiting rod is slidably connected to multiple sets of filter plates. The filter plates are movably arranged in the middle of the filter press body. One end of the filter press body is provided with a pressing push rod for pressing the filter plates. The end of the limiting rod away from the filter press body is fixedly connected to a movable slide rail. The movable slide rail is slidably connected to a separation mechanism for separating the filter plates. A filter cavity is opened in the middle of the filter plate. A filter cloth is provided in the middle of the filter cavity. A feed port is provided in the middle of the filter cloth. A separation mechanism that fits the filter cloth is provided inside the filter cavity. Limiting sliders that are adapted to the limiting rod are fixedly connected to both ends of the filter plate. The separation mechanism includes a cleaning rope, a sliding groove, and a cleaning slider. The cleaning rope is movably embedded in the inner wall of the filter chamber. The sliding groove is opened in the inner wall of the filter chamber and is vertically arranged with the cleaning rope. The cleaning slider is slidably connected inside the sliding groove, and one end of the cleaning slider is fixedly connected to the cleaning rope. The end of the cleaning rope away from the cleaning slider is fixedly connected to the filter plate. The limiting slider has a drive ring embedded inside for rotation. The drive ring is used to drive the sliding of the cleaning slider, and the limiting rod is threadedly engaged with the drive ring. The drive ring includes a drive ring body, a threaded groove, a traction rope, and a winding groove. The drive ring body is rotatably embedded inside the limiting slider. The threaded groove is opened in the middle of the drive ring body. The winding groove is opened on the outer end face of the drive ring body. The traction rope is wound around the inside of the winding groove. The end of the traction rope away from the winding groove is fixedly connected to the cleaning slider.

2. A filter press for recovering bauxite tailings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filter plate has a pressure injection hole on its side end face. The pressure injection hole is connected to the filter press body through a pressure injection pipe. A sealing cavity is formed in the middle of the filter plate. The sealing cavity is sealed by a sealing layer. The sealing layer is arranged parallel to the filter cloth. The sealing cavity is connected to the pressure injection hole.

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