A heat dissipation structure for a vehicle battery pack

Abstract

The present invention relates to a heat dissipation structure for a vehicle battery pack, which includes a cuboid accommodation cavity arranged below the position of the rear row seat of the vehicle, an air duct assembly arranged in the cuboid accommodation cavity, and two battery modules positioned and connected to the air duct assembly; a total air inlet is provided at the left end of the cuboid accommodation cavity, a total air outlet is provided at the right end, an opening is formed at the upper end of the cuboid accommodation cavity, the opening is correspondingly connected to a cover plate, and a sealing gasket is arranged between the opening and the cover plate, so that a sealed space is formed in the cuboid accommodation cavity except for the total air inlet and the total air outlet regions; the air duct assembly includes a main air duct, a front air duct and a rear air duct, which are arranged at the bottom of the cuboid accommodation cavity along the left-right direction, and the main air duct is located between the front air duct and the rear air duct. It is beneficial for the air volume to flow evenly between each cell, reduce the temperature difference between each cell, and improve the cell consistency; and can make full use of the vehicle interior space and improve the volume energy density of the battery pack.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The power battery of the new energy vehicle of the present invention specifically relates to a heat dissipation structure for a vehicle battery pack. Background Art

[0002] With the popularization and development of new energy vehicles, a large number of hybrid vehicle models have entered people's daily lives. Along with people's pursuit of vehicle acceleration performance and the development trend of high endurance, the practical problems of serious heat generation during high-rate charging and discharging of the battery and low volume energy density of the battery pack have become increasingly prominent. Therefore, higher requirements are put forward for the heat dissipation requirements of the battery module, as well as high energy density, spatial layout, structural strength, etc.

[0003] CN 114171825A discloses "an air-cooling structure and a battery pack". The air-cooling structure includes: a lower box body, which is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet; an air duct cover plate, which is fixed at the bottom of the box body and forms independent air inlet ducts and air outlet ducts with the lower box body; the air inlet duct is communicated with the air inlet, and the air outlet duct is communicated with the air outlet; the air duct cover plate is provided with a module air inlet communicated with the air inlet duct and a module air outlet communicated with the air outlet duct; the air flow in the air inlet duct flows out through the module air inlet and then returns to the air outlet duct through the module air outlet. It can achieve zonal cooling of the battery cells in the battery pack, improve the cooling efficiency, and meet the cooling requirements of the battery cells under high power; at the same time, the air duct cover plate is integrated at the bottom of the lower box body, which can reduce the space occupied in the lower box body and is beneficial to improving the energy density of the whole pack. In addition, according to the cooling requirements at different positions, different air duct flow directions can be formed to perform distributed and precise heat control.

[0004] CN102931449A discloses "a heat dissipation structure for a vehicle battery pack", including a battery pack, the battery pack is arranged on the carriage floor and is located in a semi-closed space surrounded by the carriage floor, the left sealing plate, the right sealing plate, the cargo compartment floor and the front sealing plate; there are certain ventilation gaps between the left sealing plate, the right sealing plate, the front sealing plate and the cargo compartment floor and the battery pack respectively; the carriage floor is a plate-like structure with ribs; the front sealing plate is provided with an air inlet, and an air guide cover is installed on the air inlet, the front end of the air guide cover is open, and the left, right and rear ends of the air guide cover are closed; an air inlet fan device is installed below the air guide cover. It is a semi-closed heat dissipation structure with front-end air inlet, ventilation at the bottom, top, left and right sides of the battery pack, and exhaust at the tail of the battery pack, which is beneficial to the uniform heat dissipation of the battery pack, has a simple structure, is convenient to install, improves the IP level of the battery pack, and is easy to realize industrial production.

[0005] The technical solutions disclosed in the two patent documents are both a beneficial attempt in the technical field to which they belong. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a heat dissipation structure for a vehicle battery pack, which is conducive to the uniform flow of air volume between each battery cell, reducing the temperature difference between the battery cells and improving the consistency of the battery cells; and can make full use of the vehicle interior space, and more batteries can be designed and installed in the same space, improving the volume energy density of the battery pack.

[0007] A heat dissipation structure for a vehicle battery pack according to the present invention includes a rectangular parallelepiped accommodation cavity provided under the position of the rear row seat of the vehicle, an air duct assembly provided in the rectangular parallelepiped accommodation cavity, and two battery modules positioned and connected to the air duct assembly. The characteristics are as follows: a total air inlet is provided at the left end of the rectangular parallelepiped accommodation cavity, a total air outlet is provided at the right end, an opening is provided at the upper end of the rectangular parallelepiped accommodation cavity, the opening is correspondingly connected to a cover plate, and a sealing gasket is provided between the opening and the cover plate to form a sealed space in the rectangular parallelepiped accommodation cavity except for the total air inlet and the total air outlet areas; the air duct assembly includes a main air duct, a front air duct, and a rear air duct, which are arranged along the left-right direction at the bottom of the rectangular parallelepiped accommodation cavity, and the main air duct is located between the front air duct and the rear air duct.

[0008] Furthermore, the main air duct, the front air duct, and the rear air duct are positioned at intervals at the bottom of the rectangular parallelepiped accommodation cavity by spacer plates; the spacer plates divide the rectangular parallelepiped accommodation cavity into a left accommodation cavity and a right accommodation cavity; the left accommodation cavity is communicated with the total air inlet, and the right accommodation cavity is communicated with the total air outlet.

[0009] Furthermore, the main air duct, the front air duct, and the rear air duct of the air duct assembly are fully welded to the bottom of the rectangular parallelepiped accommodation cavity to form an integral body with the rectangular parallelepiped accommodation cavity.

[0010] Furthermore, the width of the left end of the main air duct is greater than the width of the right end, presenting an isosceles trapezoid; the main air duct is fixedly connected to the bottom of the rectangular parallelepiped accommodation cavity to form a closed air duct structure. An air inlet is provided at the left part above the main air duct, and air outlets are provided at the middle and right parts; the air inlet is communicated with the left accommodation cavity, and the air outlets are communicated with the right accommodation cavity.

[0011] Furthermore, a shunt partition fixing hole is provided at each of the two ends of the main air duct, and a battery module fixing hole is provided on each of the front and rear sides of the shunt partition fixing hole; welding nuts are provided below the module fixing hole and the shunt partition fixing hole; a main air duct left baffle and a main air duct right baffle are respectively welded at the lower parts of the left end and the right end of the main air duct.

[0012] Furthermore, the front air duct and the rear air duct have the same shape and structure, presenting a long strip shape, and are both fixedly connected to the bottom of the rectangular parallelepiped accommodation cavity; a battery module fixing hole is provided at each of the left and right ends above the front air duct and the rear air duct, and the four battery module fixing holes are paired in pairs and correspond to the four battery module fixing holes on the main air duct for installing the two battery modules.

[0013] Further, one of the two battery modules is fixedly connected by bolts to two battery module fixing holes in front of the main air duct and two battery module fixing holes on the front air duct; the other battery module is fixedly connected by bolts to two battery module fixing holes behind the main air duct and two battery module fixing holes on the rear air duct.

[0014] Further, the shunt partition fixing holes at both ends of the main air duct are connected to the shunt partition by bolts. The shunt partition is located between the two battery modules, and rectangular sealing rings are respectively provided at the parts where both sides of the shunt partition contact the two battery modules.

[0015] Further, the structures of the two battery modules are the same. Three silicone foam pads are pasted on the battery cells of the battery module to form a lower air duct and an upper air duct for the battery cells; the lower air duct for the battery cells is provided with a lower air inlet for the battery cells at one end close to the shunt partition and a lower air outlet for the battery cells at one end far from the shunt partition; the upper air duct for the battery cells is provided with an upper air inlet for the battery cells at one end close to the shunt partition and an upper air outlet for the battery cells at one end far from the shunt partition.

[0016] Further, a shunt structure is provided on the upper part of the shunt partition. The cross-section of the shunt structure is an isosceles triangle with the apex angle downward. The shunt structure is located between the upper air ducts of the battery cells of the two battery modules; the lower part of the shunt partition is a transition air duct; the transition air duct communicates with the air outlet on the main air duct and communicates with the lower air ducts and upper air ducts of the battery cells of the two battery modules on both sides.

[0017] Advantages of the present invention:

[0018] Since the space under the rear seat is fully utilized as the placement area for the battery pack, it neither occupies other limited spaces of the vehicle body nor can provide sufficient sealing effect for the battery pack, improving the waterproof and dustproof levels.

[0019] Since the two battery modules are directly installed and fixed in the rectangular accommodation cavity, eliminating the original lower box assembly of the battery pack, it not only simplifies the module installation process, reduces the number of components, reduces space occupation, and saves costs, but also can design and install more battery modules on the basis of the original space, increasing the battery volume energy density, thereby increasing the endurance.

[0020] Since the main air duct provided in the rectangular accommodation cavity is in the shape of an isosceles trapezoid, it can make the cold air gradually accelerate as the cross-section in the air flow direction gradually decreases, enabling the air outlet of each air duct at each position in the air flow direction to uniformly flow upward to the shunt partition, which is beneficial to the uniform flow of air volume between each battery cell, reducing the temperature difference between each battery cell and improving the consistency of the battery cells.

[0021] Due to the cross-section of the flow-dividing structure on the upper part of the flow-dividing partition being an isosceles triangle with the apex angle facing downwards, it can make the cross-section gradually decrease from the position of the lower air duct of the battery cell towards the position of the upper air inlet of the battery cell. As a result, the air volume flowing towards the lower air inlet and the upper air inlet of the battery cell is the same, enabling the wind energy to evenly flow into the lower air outlet duct and the upper air outlet of the battery cell, ensuring uniform heat dissipation at all positions of the battery cell, reducing the temperature difference at all positions of the battery cell, improving the consistency of the battery cell, and extending the service life of the battery cell. Description of the Drawings

[0022] Figure 1 is an exploded view of the accommodation cavity provided on the vehicle body in the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the air duct assembly and the partition provided in the accommodation cavity;

[0024] Figure 3 is an exploded view of the air duct assembly, the partition, the battery module, the flow-dividing partition, and the sealing ring provided in the accommodation cavity;

[0025] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the air duct assembly;

[0026] Figure 5 is a sectional view along the front-rear direction (X direction) of the main air duct;

[0027] Figure 6 is a sectional view along the left-right direction (Y direction) of the main air duct;

[0028] Figure 7 is a sectional view (top view) along the up-down direction (Z direction) of the main air duct.

[0029] In the figure (technical features represented by the marks):

[0030] 1 - vehicle body, 10 - rectangular parallelepiped accommodation cavity, 11 - total air inlet, 12 - total air outlet, 13 - cavity opening, 14 - cover plate, 15 - gasket, 16 - left accommodation cavity, 17 - right accommodation cavity;

[0031] 2 - air duct assembly, 21 - main air duct, 22 - front air duct, 23 - rear air duct, 24 - main air duct inlet, 25 - main air duct outlet, 26 - battery module fixing hole, 27 - flow-dividing partition fixing hole, 28 - left baffle of the main air duct, 29 - right baffle of the main air duct;

[0032] 3 - spacer card;

[0033] 4 - battery module, 41 - battery cell, 42 - silica gel foam layer, 43 - lower air duct of the battery cell, 44 - upper air duct of the battery cell, 45 - lower air inlet of the battery cell, 46 - upper air inlet of the battery cell, 47 - lower air outlet of the battery cell, 48 - upper air outlet of the battery cell;

[0034] 5 - Shunt partition, 51 - Shunt structure, 52 - Transition air duct;

[0035] 6 - Rectangular sealing ring. Specific embodiments

[0036] The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0037] See Figures 1 to 7 A heat dissipation structure for a vehicle battery pack as shown, including a cuboid accommodation cavity 10 provided below the rear seat position of the vehicle body 1, an air duct assembly 2 provided in the cuboid accommodation cavity, and two battery modules 4 positioned and connected to the air duct assembly; a total air inlet 11 is provided at the left end of the cuboid accommodation cavity 10, a total air outlet 12 is provided at the right end, an opening 13 is provided at the upper end of the cuboid accommodation cavity 10, the opening is correspondingly connected to a cover plate 14, and a sealing gasket 15 is provided between the opening and the cover plate to form a sealed space in the cuboid accommodation cavity except for the total air inlet and the total air outlet areas; the air duct assembly 2 includes a main air duct 21, a front air duct 22, and a rear air duct 23, which are arranged at the bottom of the cuboid accommodation cavity 10 in the left - right direction, and the main air duct 21 is located between the front air duct 22 and the rear air duct 23.

[0038] The main air duct 21, the front air duct 22, and the rear air duct 23 are positioned and spaced at the bottom of the cuboid accommodation cavity 10 by spacer plates 3; the spacer plates 3 divide the cuboid accommodation cavity 10 into a left accommodation cavity 16 and a right accommodation cavity 17; the left accommodation cavity 16 communicates with the total air inlet 11, and the right accommodation cavity 17 communicates with the total air outlet 12. The left accommodation cavity is used to arrange a blower and other components, and the right accommodation cavity is used to arrange battery modules and related heat - generating components supporting the battery pack.

[0039] The main air duct 21, the front air duct 22, and the rear air duct 23 of the air duct assembly 2 are fully welded to the bottom of the cuboid accommodation cavity 10 and form an integral body with the cuboid accommodation cavity 10. The air duct assembly, as a reinforcing rib of the cuboid accommodation cavity, can increase the body strength and improve the overall anti - deformation ability of the vehicle body.

[0040] The width of the left end of the main air duct 21 is greater than that of the right end, presenting an isosceles trapezoid; the main air duct 21 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the cuboid accommodation cavity 10 to form a closed air duct structure. An air inlet 24 is provided at the left part above the main air duct 21, and air outlets 25 are provided in the middle and right parts; the air inlet 24 communicates with the left accommodation cavity 16, and the air outlets 25 communicate with the right accommodation cavity 17. Air enters from the air inlet of the main air duct and flows out from the air outlets along the Figure 5 air flow direction indicated by the arrow; due to the gradually decreasing width and cross - section of the main air duct, the air pressure at different positions along the air flow direction is equal.

[0041] A shunt partition fixing hole 27 is respectively provided at both ends of the main air duct 21, and a battery module fixing hole 26 is respectively provided on the front and back sides of the shunt partition fixing hole 27; welding nuts are provided below the module fixing hole 26 and the shunt partition fixing hole 27; a main air duct left baffle 28 and a main air duct right baffle 29 are respectively welded at the lower parts of the left end and the right end of the main air duct 21.

[0042] The front air duct 22 and the rear air duct 23 have the same shape and structure, are strip-shaped, and are both fixedly connected to the bottom of the cuboid accommodation cavity 10; a battery module fixing hole 26 is respectively provided at the left and right ends of the upper surfaces of the front air duct 22 and the rear air duct 23, and the four battery module fixing holes 26 are pairwise corresponding to the four battery module fixing holes 26 on the main air duct 21. It is used to install the two battery modules 4.

[0043] One of the two battery modules 4 is fixedly connected by bolts to the two battery module fixing holes 26 in front of the main air duct 21 and the two battery module fixing holes 26 on the front air duct 22; the other battery module 4 is fixedly connected by bolts to the two battery module fixing holes 26 at the back of the main air duct 21 and the two battery module fixing holes 26 on the rear air duct 23. The two battery modules are directly installed and fixed in the rectangular accommodation cavity, eliminating the original battery pack lower box body assembly, which not only simplifies the module installation process, reduces the number of parts, reduces space occupation, saves costs, but also can design and install more battery modules on the basis of the original space, increases the battery volume energy density, and thus increases the endurance.

[0044] The shunt partition fixing holes 27 at both ends of the main air duct 21 are connected to the shunt partition 5 by bolts. The shunt partition 5 is located between the two battery modules 4, and rectangular sealing rings 6 are respectively provided at the parts where the two sides of the shunt partition 5 are in contact with the two battery modules 4. To ensure the sealing effect of the airflow passing through.

[0045] The two battery modules 4 have the same structure. Three silicone foam strips 42 are pasted on the battery cells 41 of the battery module 4 to form a cell lower air duct 43 and a cell upper air duct 44; a cell lower air inlet 45 is provided at one end of the cell lower air duct 43 close to the shunt partition 5, and a cell lower air outlet 47 is provided at the end far from the shunt partition 5; a cell upper air inlet 46 is provided at one end of the cell upper air duct 44 close to the shunt partition 5, and a cell upper air outlet 48 is provided at the end far from the shunt partition 5.

[0046] A flow dividing structure 51 is provided on the upper part of the flow dividing partition 5. The cross-section of the flow dividing structure 51 is an isosceles triangle with the apex angle downward. The flow dividing structure 51 is located between the upper air ducts 44 of the battery cells of two battery modules 4. The lower part of the flow dividing partition 5 is a transition air duct 52. The transition air duct 52 communicates with the air outlet 25 on the main air duct 21 and also communicates with the lower air ducts 43 and the upper air ducts 44 of the battery cells on both sides. Since the cross-section of the flow dividing structure on the upper part of the flow dividing partition is an isosceles triangle with the apex angle downward, it can make the cross-section gradually decrease from the position of the lower air duct of the battery cell to the position of the upper air inlet of the battery cell, so that the air volume flowing upward to the lower air inlet and the upper air inlet of the battery cell is the same, and only in this way can the wind energy flow into the lower air outlet duct and the upper air outlet of the battery cell evenly, so as to ensure that each position of the battery cell can be cooled evenly, reduce the temperature difference at each position of the battery cell, improve the consistency of the battery cell, and extend the service life of the battery cell.

[0047] The heat dissipation structure of the vehicle battery pack allows the air flow to pass through the lower air duct 43 and the upper air duct 44 of the battery cell, and then takes out the heat from the lower air outlet 47 and the upper air outlet 48 of the battery cell and flows into the right accommodation cavity 17. Since a positive pressure is formed inside the right accommodation cavity 17, the hot air is discharged from the total air outlet 12 of the rectangular accommodation cavity 10, and finally each battery cell of the battery module is cooled evenly.

[0048] In addition to the rectangular accommodation cavity formed under the rear seat position of the vehicle in the above embodiment, which can be integrated with the air duct to install the battery module, the battery module can also be installed in an integrated structure with the air duct at the position of the vehicle trunk, the front trunk or the rear space under the chassis.

Claims

1. A heat dissipation structure for a vehicle battery pack, comprising a cuboid accommodation cavity (10) arranged below the rear seat position of the vehicle body (1), an air duct assembly (2) arranged in the cuboid accommodation cavity, and two battery modules (4) positioned and connected to the air duct assembly. It is characterized in that: The left end of the rectangular parallelepiped accommodating cavity (10) is provided with a total air inlet (11), and the right end is provided with a total air outlet (12). An opening (13) is formed in the upper end of the rectangular parallelepiped accommodating cavity (10). The opening is correspondingly connected to a cover plate (14), and a sealing gasket (15) is provided between the opening and the cover plate to form a sealed space in the area of the rectangular parallelepiped accommodating cavity except for the total air inlet and the total air outlet. The air duct assembly (2) includes a main air duct (21), a front air duct (22), and a rear air duct (23), which are arranged at the bottom of the rectangular parallelepiped accommodating cavity (10) in the left-right direction. The main air duct (21) is located between the front air duct (22) and the rear air duct (23). The main air duct (21), the front air duct (22), and the rear air duct (23) are positioned at intervals at the bottom of the rectangular parallelepiped accommodating cavity (10) by spacer plates (3). The spacer plates (3) divide the rectangular parallelepiped accommodating cavity (10) into a left accommodating cavity (16) and a right accommodating cavity (17). The left accommodating cavity (16) communicates with the total air inlet (11), and the right accommodating cavity (17) communicates with the total air outlet (12).

2. The heat dissipation structure for a vehicle battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main air duct (21), the front air duct (22), and the rear air duct (23) of the air duct assembly (2) are integrally welded to the bottom of the rectangular parallelepiped accommodating cavity (10) to form an integral body with the rectangular parallelepiped accommodating cavity (10).

3. The heat dissipation structure for a vehicle battery pack according to claim 2, characterized in that: The width of the left end of the main air duct (21) is greater than that of the right end, presenting an isosceles trapezoid. The main air duct (21) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the rectangular parallelepiped accommodating cavity (10) to form a closed air duct structure. An air inlet (24) is provided at the left part above the main air duct (21), and air outlets (25) are provided at the middle and right parts. The air inlet (24) communicates with the left accommodating cavity (16), and the air outlets (25) communicate with the right accommodating cavity (17).

4. The heat dissipation structure for a vehicle battery pack according to claim 3, characterized in that: In A shunt partition fixing hole (27) is provided at each end of the main air duct (21). A battery module fixing hole (26) is provided on each of the front and rear sides of the shunt partition fixing hole (27). Welding nuts are provided below the module fixing holes (26) and the shunt partition fixing holes (27). A main air duct left baffle (28) and a main air duct right baffle (29) are respectively welded to the lower parts of the left and right ends of the main air duct (21).

5. The heat dissipation structure for a vehicle battery pack according to claim 3, characterized in that: The front air duct (22) and the rear air duct (23) have the same shape and structure, being strip-shaped, and are both fixedly connected to the bottom of the rectangular parallelepiped accommodating cavity (10). A battery module fixing hole (26) is provided at each of the left and right ends above the front air duct (22) and the rear air duct (23). The four battery module fixing holes (26) are paired in two pairs and correspond to the four battery module fixing holes (26) on the main air duct (21) for installing two battery modules (4).

6. The heat dissipation structure for a vehicle battery pack according to claim 5, characterized in that: One of the two battery modules (4) is fixedly connected by bolts to the two battery module fixing holes (26) in front of the main air duct (21) and the two battery module fixing holes (26) on the front air duct (22). The other battery module (4) is fixedly connected by bolts to the two battery module fixing holes (26) behind the main air duct (21) and the two battery module fixing holes (26) on the rear air duct (23).

7. The heat dissipation structure for a vehicle battery pack according to claim 6, characterized in that: In The shunt partition fixing holes (27) at both ends of the main air duct (21) are connected to the shunt partition (5) by bolts. The shunt partition (5) is located between two battery modules (4), and rectangular sealing rings (6) are respectively arranged at the parts where both sides of the shunt partition (5) contact the two battery modules (4).

8. The heat dissipation structure for a vehicle battery pack according to claim 7, characterized in that: The structures of the two battery modules (4) are the same. Three silicone foams (42) are pasted on the battery cells (41) of the battery module (4) to form a lower air duct (43) and an upper air duct (44) of the battery cells. One end of the lower air duct (43) of the battery cells close to the shunt partition (5) is provided with a lower air inlet (45) of the battery cells, and the other end far from the shunt partition (5) is provided with a lower air outlet (47) of the battery cells. One end of the upper air duct (44) of the battery cells close to the shunt partition (5) is provided with an upper air inlet (46) of the battery cells, and the other end far from the shunt partition (5) is provided with an upper air outlet (48) of the battery cells.

9. The heat dissipation structure for a vehicle battery pack according to claim 7, characterized in that: A shunt structure (51) is arranged on the upper part of the shunt partition (5). The cross section of the shunt structure (51) is an isosceles triangle with the apex angle downward. The shunt structure (51) is located between the upper air ducts (44) of the battery cells of the two battery modules (4). The lower part of the shunt partition (5) is a transition air duct (52). The transition air duct (52) communicates with the air outlet (25) on the main air duct (21), and also communicates with the lower air ducts (43) and the upper air ducts (44) of the battery cells of the two side battery modules (4).

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