Tool microstructure processing device and method based on blade fluid cavitation erosion

Abstract

The application discloses a tool microstructure processing device and method based on paddle fluid cavitation erosion. The device comprises a sealed box, a rotary driving assembly, a rotary paddle, a tool clamping assembly and a temperature control assembly. A driving rod extends into the sealed box and is driven to rotate by the rotary driving assembly. The driving rod is fixed with the rotary paddle, and the rotary paddle is installed with a plurality of tool clamping assemblies. The tool clamping assembly comprises a clamping seat and a plurality of installation slots formed in the clamping seat. In the working process, the propeller is immersed in the fluid medium mixed with micro-particles. The rotary paddle drives the processed tool to rotate at a linear speed of 27.5 m / s to 35 m / s. The application drives the processed tool to move quickly in the fluid medium mixed with micro-particles by using the rotary paddle, forms cavitation effect on the rake face of the processed tool, and quickly processes the microstructure capable of improving the cutting performance of the processed tool.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tool performance optimization technology, specifically to a tool microstructure machining device and method based on the cavitation erosion effect of propeller fluid. Background Technology

[0002] Surface microstructure processing technology, which involves constructing an array of geometric structures (such as pits and grooves) with certain dimensions and regular arrangement on the surface of a friction pair, can effectively improve the tribological properties of the surface.

[0003] For many years, cavitation has been considered a harmful phenomenon, causing significant economic losses due to cavitation erosion. However, in recent years, researchers both domestically and internationally have begun exploring methods to utilize the cavitation effect for human benefit, with applications already seen in cleaning, crushing, drilling, and water treatment. However, related research in the field of microstructure machining for cutting tools remains limited. It is known that when a rotating propeller operates at high speed, the blades move at high speed, causing a decrease in pressure on the blade back. When this pressure falls below the saturated vapor pressure of water, liquid molecules in the liquid transform into gaseous molecules, generating a large number of bubbles. Subsequently, due to the high pressure of the surrounding water, the cavitation bubbles are rapidly compressed until they collapse, generating an explosive jet and shock wave that causes cavitation erosion damage to the propeller blade surface.

[0004] Currently, commonly used microtexturing methods include ultrasonic vibration machining, laser machining, electrical discharge machining (EDM), and focused ion beam machining (FIM). Among these, laser machining equipment is relatively expensive and tends to form a large amount of molten material around the microgrooves. FIM has a slow processing speed, limiting this technology to small-sized textures and requiring vacuum processing. EDM suffers from severe surface ablation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a tool microstructure machining device and method based on the cavitation erosion effect of propeller fluid.

[0006] A tool microstructure machining device based on propeller fluid cavitation erosion includes a sealed housing, a rotary drive assembly, a rotary propeller, a tool clamping assembly, and a temperature control assembly. A drive rod extends into the sealed housing and is driven to rotate by the rotary drive assembly. A rotary propeller is fixed to the drive rod; several tool clamping assemblies are mounted on the rotary propeller.

[0007] The tool clamping assembly includes a clamping base and several mounting slots formed on the clamping base. The mounting slots are stepped through slots, including a mounting section near the blade and a limiting section away from the blade. The cross-sectional shape of the mounting section corresponds to the shape of the work-in-process tool, allowing the work-in-process tool to be inserted into the mounting slot. With the work-in-process tool inserted into the mounting slot, the stepped surface between the mounting section and the limiting section provides a limiting effect on the work-in-process tool; the rake face of the work-in-process tool is exposed within the sealed housing through the limiting section.

[0008] During operation, the propeller is immersed in a fluid medium containing microparticles. The rotating propeller drives the workpiece tool to rotate at a linear velocity of 27.5 m / s to 35 m / s.

[0009] As a preferred option, deionized water is selected as the fluid medium.

[0010] Preferably, the particle size of the microparticles is 0.5 μm to 3 μm.

[0011] Preferably, the mounting slots on the clamping base are arranged radially along the rotating propeller; the outer surface of the clamping base has turbulence holes corresponding to the number of mounting slots. The axial direction of the turbulence holes is perpendicular to the outer surface of the clamping base. The turbulence holes are located on the side of the corresponding mounting slot closest to the rotation direction of the rotating propeller.

[0012] Preferably, the sealed enclosure is equipped with a temperature sensor for detecting the internal temperature of the sealed enclosure.

[0013] Preferably, the sealed housing is equipped with a nozzle for conveying fluid medium into the inner cavity of the sealed housing. The nozzle is connected via a liquid delivery pipe to the outlet pipe of the liquid tank and the microparticle container. A shut-off valve is installed on the outlet pipe of the microparticle container.

[0014] Preferably, the sealed enclosure includes a main body and a sealing cover. The sealing cover covers the top opening of the main body. The sealing cover has a first through hole, a second through hole, and a third through hole. The drive rod passes through the second through hole. The nozzle is engaged with the first through hole.

[0015] Preferably, the main body of the enclosure includes an inner shell, an outer shell, and a temperature control component. The temperature control component includes a condensate channel disposed between the inner shell and the outer shell. A condensate inlet and a condensate outlet are provided on the side of the outer shell. The condensate inlet is positioned lower than the condensate outlet. During operation, the average temperature inside the sealed enclosure is adjusted by regulating the condensate flow rate within the condensate channel. The average temperature inside the sealed enclosure is controlled between 47°C and 53°C.

[0016] Preferably, the bottom of the main body of the box is provided with a drain outlet that penetrates the inner shell and the outer shell. A drain valve is provided on the drain outlet.

[0017] Preferably, the sealed enclosure is fixed to the support assembly via an enclosure base. The support assembly includes a support base and a hydraulic lifting rod. The enclosure base is fixed to the support base. The bottom end of the vertically positioned hydraulic lifting rod is fixed to the top surface of the support base. A support housing is fixed to the top end of the hydraulic lifting rod. The support housing is positioned directly above the sealed enclosure. The top end of the vertically positioned drive rod forms a rotating pair with the support housing. The bottom end of the drive rod extends into the enclosure body. A bearing and bearing seal are provided between the drive rod and the enclosure body. The drive rod and bearing are clearance-fitted.

[0018] Preferably, the support housing has a cavity for mounting the rotary drive assembly. The rotary drive assembly includes a motor and a drive rod. The output shaft of the motor is drively connected to the drive rod. The motor is located directly above the hydraulic lifting rod.

[0019] Preferably, the rotating propeller includes a hub and blades. The inner ends of the multiple blades are fixed to the hub. A tool clamping assembly is detachably connected to the bottom surface of each blade.

[0020] Preferably, the distance from each mounting slot to the central axis of the rotating propeller is 105mm to 135mm.

[0021] The machining method of this tool microstructure machining device includes the following steps:

[0022] Step 1: Insert the tool to be machined into the mounting slot of the tool clamping assembly, so that the rake face of the tool is exposed and the cutting edge is blocked by the stepped surface between the mounting slot and the limiting slot. Mount the tool clamping assembly on the rotary propeller.

[0023] Step 2: Add a fluid medium containing microparticles to the sealed box and immerse the rotating paddle in the fluid medium.

[0024] Step 3: The rotary propeller rotates in the fluid medium, causing each workpiece to move in a circular motion. The fluid medium, mixed with microparticles, flows over the rake face of the workpiece, creating a local negative pressure. Under this local negative pressure, the fluid medium with microparticles generates a cavitation effect on the rake face of the workpiece, resulting in the formation of microstructures on the rake face. The rotation speed and rotation time of the rotary propeller are adjusted according to the depth and number of microstructures to be machined; the greater the depth and the more numerous the microstructures, the faster the rotation speed of the rotary propeller and the longer the rotation time. During the rotation of the rotary propeller, the temperature inside the sealed housing is monitored, and heat is dissipated from the inner cavity of the sealed housing to maintain an average temperature of 47℃~53℃.

[0025] Step 4: After the rotary propeller has rotated for a preset time, the cutting tool to be processed will be removed, and the microstructure processing will be completed.

[0026] Preferably, the cutting tool is ultrasonically cleaned before and after microstructure machining, then cleaned with anhydrous ethanol and dried.

[0027] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0028] 1. This invention uses a rotating propeller to drive the workpiece tool to move rapidly in a fluid medium containing microparticles, forming a cavitation effect on the rake face of the workpiece tool, thereby rapidly machining microstructures that can improve the cutting performance of the workpiece tool.

[0029] 2. This invention can adjust the working conditions of microstructure processing by adjusting the rotation speed of the rotating propeller, thereby preparing microstructures of the required scale according to different requirements and realizing high-precision processing of microstructures.

[0030] 3. This invention can simultaneously mount multiple tool clamping assemblies on a rotating propeller, thereby enabling simultaneous machining of multiple tools and improving the machining efficiency of tool microstructures. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the combination of the sealed box and the temperature control component in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the rotary drive assembly in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating propeller in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the cutting tooth clamping assembly in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the fluid control component in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the support component in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the fluid control component in Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be explained and described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the following embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and not all of them. Other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments in the specific implementation methods without creative effort are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] like Figure 1 As shown, a tool microstructure machining device based on the fluid cavitation erosion effect of a propeller blade includes a sealed housing 1, a rotary drive assembly 2, a rotary propeller 3, a tool clamping assembly 4, a fluid control assembly 5, a support assembly 6, and a temperature control assembly 7.

[0042] like Figure 2 As shown, the sealed housing 1 includes a housing body 11 and a sealing cover 12 that cooperates with it. The sealing cover 12 covers the top opening of the housing body 11. The sealing cover 12 is provided with a first through hole 121 through which the nozzle 51 in the fluid control assembly 5 can pass, a second through hole 122 through which the drive rod 21 in the rotary drive assembly 2 can pass, and a third through hole 123 through which the temperature sensor 71 in the temperature control assembly 7 can pass.

[0043] The main body 11 of the enclosure includes an inner shell 111, an outer shell 112, and a temperature control component 7. The temperature control component 7 includes a condensate channel 1131 disposed between the inner shell 111 and the outer shell 112. The outer shell 112 is provided with a condensate inlet 1132 and a condensate outlet 1133. Since the density of hot water is less than that of cold water, the condensate inlet 1132 is located on the side wall of the enclosure near the bottom of the main body 11 for better cooling. The condensate outlet 1133 is located on the side wall of the enclosure near the top of the main body 11. A through hole penetrating the inner shell 111 and the outer shell 112 is also provided on the bottom side wall of the main body 11; this through hole is a drain outlet 114. A sealing component, specifically a drain valve 1141, is provided on the drain outlet 114.

[0044] like Figure 7 As shown, the sealed housing 1 is fixed to the support assembly 6 via the housing base 13. The housing base 13 and the sealed housing are fixedly connected by bolts. The support assembly 6 includes a support base 61 and a hydraulic lifting rod 62. The shape of the support base is not limited in this embodiment; specifically, in this embodiment, the support base 61 is flat. The housing base 13 is fixed to the support base 61. The bottom end of the vertically arranged hydraulic lifting rod 62 is fixed to the edge of the top surface of the support base 61. A horizontally arranged support housing 621 is fixed to the top end of the hydraulic lifting rod 62. The support housing 621 has a cavity for installing the rotary drive assembly 2.

[0045] like Figure 3As shown, the rotary drive assembly 2 is mounted on the support housing 621 and includes a motor 21, a frequency converter 22, and a drive rod 23. The motor 21 is connected to the frequency converter 22, which can provide the appropriate power supply voltage to the motor 21 according to actual needs. The motor 21, the frequency converter 22, and their interconnections are all common techniques in the art, and for the sake of brevity, they will not be described in detail here.

[0046] A vertically mounted drive rod 23 is rotatably connected to the support housing 621, with its bottom end extending into the sealed housing 1. The motor 21 is connected to the drive rod 23 via a transmission mechanism. The transmission method between the motor 21 and the drive rod 23 is a commonly used technique in the art, such as multi-stage gear transmission, chain transmission, or belt transmission. For the sake of brevity, these will not be described in detail here.

[0047] After the motor 21 is connected to the drive rod 23, the shaft of the motor 21 is parallel to but not on the same axis as the drive rod 23. This arrangement allows the motor 21 to be located directly above the hydraulic lifting rod 62, rather than being installed at the end of the support housing 621 away from the hydraulic lifting rod 62, thus preventing a large shift in the center of gravity and improving overall stability.

[0048] The drive rod 23 passes through the second through hole 122, through the sealing cover 12, and enters the sealing housing 1. One end of the drive rod 22 entering the sealing housing 1 is the stirring section 221, and the end of the drive rod 22 near the support housing 622 is the control section 222. The stirring section 221 passes through the sealing cover 12 and is fitted with a bearing 223. The outer ring of the bearing 223 is interference-fitted with the second through hole 122 on the sealing cover 12, preventing relative movement between the outer ring of the bearing and the sealing cover 12. Specifically, the outer ring of the bearing 223 will not rotate relative to the sealing cover 12, nor will it move relative to the sealing cover 12 along the axis of the drive rod. The stirring section 221 can slide up and down relative to the bearing 223. Bearing seals 2231 are provided on both sides of the bearing 223. The bearing seals 2231 are fixed to the inner ring of the bearing 223, and the inner edge of the bearing seal 2231 abuts against the side of the drive rod 22. The bearing seal 2231 isolates the bearing 223 from the outside world, prevents the bearing 223 from oxidizing and rusting, improves the service life of the bearing, and ensures that the sealing cover 12 can still play a sealing role when the drive rod 22 rotates.

[0049] The stirring section 221 of the drive rod 22 has a different diameter than the control section 222, and a shoulder is provided at the connection. This shoulder provides a limit position for the inner ring of the bearing 223. The type of bearing is not limited in this embodiment. Specifically, the bearing 223 can be a thrust roller bearing, which can withstand radial loads. When the hydraulic lifting rod 62 moves up and down, the sealing cover 12 can move synchronously with the hydraulic lifting rod 62.

[0050] like Figure 4 and 5 As shown, a rotating impeller 3 is fixedly connected to the stirring section 221. The rotating impeller 3 includes a hub 31 and blades 32. The number of blades 32 is not limited in this invention; specifically, in this embodiment, there are four blades 32. The shape of the blades 32 is not limited; specifically, the cross-section of the blades 32 can be an arc-shaped cross-section, a spindle-shaped cross-section, a crescent-shaped cross-section, or an airfoil-shaped cross-section. In this embodiment, the cross-section of the blades 32 is an airfoil-shaped cross-section. The blade surface (i.e., the top surface) is curved, the blade back (i.e., the bottom surface) is flat, the leading edge is blunt and the trailing edge is relatively sharp, and its maximum thickness is close to the leading edge, approximately 25%-40% of the chord length from the leading edge.

[0051] Each blade 32 has a detachable tool clamping assembly 4 attached to its back. The workpiece tool 41 is mounted on the tool clamping assembly 4. Specifically, the tool clamping assembly 4 is bolted to the blade 32. The tool clamping assembly 4 includes a clamping seat 42, four bolts 423, and several mounting slots 421 and four threaded holes 422 formed on the clamping seat 42. The four corners of the clamping seat 42 are fixed to the bottom surface of the blade 32 through the threaded holes 422 and the bolts 423. The distance from the outer end of the blade to the central axis of the rotating propeller is R; the distance from each mounting slot 421 to the central axis of the rotating propeller is 0.7R to 0.9R.

[0052] The mounting slot 421 employs a stepped through-slot, comprising a mounting section near the blade and a limiting section away from the blade. The width of the limiting section is smaller than the width of the mounting section. The cross-sectional shape of the mounting section corresponds to the shape of the workpiece tool 41, allowing the workpiece tool 41 to be inserted into the mounting slot 421 and maintain a stable position. The stepped surface between the mounting section and the limiting section provides a limit to the workpiece tool 41, preventing it from passing through the limiting section and detaching from the tool clamping assembly 4. The limiting section allows the rake face of the workpiece tool 41 to directly contact the liquid inside the sealed housing 1.

[0053] The portion of the limiting groove section that protrudes relative to the mounting groove section is the covering structure 4211; the inner surface of the covering structure 4211 is the stepped surface between the mounting groove section and the limiting groove section. During installation, the cutting edge of the workpiece tool 41 is tightly attached to the covering structure 4211, ensuring that the cutting edge is covered by the covering structure 4211, thus preventing damage caused by cavitation erosion of the fluid medium during the machining of the tool surface microstructure. Since the structures of the four tool clamping assemblies 4 are identical, only two of them are shown in the figure.

[0054] In this embodiment, the workpiece tool 41 has rectangular blade-shaped teeth and is bolted to the broach shank for broaching operations. The mounting slot 421 has a rectangular cross-section. The side lengths of the mounting slot 421 are equal to the side lengths of the workpiece tool 41, allowing the workpiece tool 41 to be inserted into the mounting slot 421.

[0055] The number of mounting slots 421 is not limited. In this embodiment, to improve processing efficiency and considering the size limitations of the clamping seat 42, the number is six. Each workpiece tool 41 is mounted in one mounting slot 421.

[0056] like Figure 6 As shown, a nozzle 51 is snapped onto the first through hole 121 of the outer casing 112. A sealing ring 1211 is provided at the connection between the nozzle 51 and the first through hole 121. The material of the sealing ring 1211 is not limited in this invention; specifically, in this embodiment, the sealing ring 1211 is a rubber sealing ring.

[0057] The nozzle 51's spray port extends into the sealed housing 1; the nozzle 51's inlet is connected via a liquid delivery pipe 52 to the liquid tank and the outlet pipe of the microparticle container 53. The microparticles have a diameter of 1 micrometer. A shut-off valve 54 is installed on the outlet pipe of the microparticle container 53. The shut-off valve 54 is a common shut-off valve in this technical field and will not be described further. After the shut-off valve 54 is opened, the liquid output from the liquid tank mixes with the microparticles output from the microparticle container 53 and flows together into the sealed housing 1.

[0058] The machining method of this tool microstructure machining device includes the following steps:

[0059] Step 1: Clean the workpiece tool 41 using an ultrasonic vibration device for a time of three minutes or more. After ultrasonic cleaning, clean the workpiece tool 41 with anhydrous ethanol. After anhydrous ethanol cleaning, dry the workpiece tool 41.

[0060] Step 2: Insert the cleaned workpiece tool 41 into the mounting slot 421 of the tool clamping assembly 4; and install the workpiece tool 41 on the blade of the rotary propeller 3.

[0061] Step 3: Allow the fluid medium to enter the infusion pipeline 52 and open the shut-off valve 54 to allow the microparticles in the microparticle container 53 to enter the infusion pipeline 52 and mix with the fluid medium. After the fluid medium and microparticles are mixed, open the switch on the nozzle 51 to allow the fluid medium to enter the sealed housing 1 through the nozzle 51. The fluid medium is specifically water or oil.

[0062] Step 4: Temperature control component 7 is activated. Temperature sensor 71 detects the temperature and transmits the measured temperature signal to the external controller. The controller controls the flow of condensate according to the temperature requirements. When the temperature is greater than 53℃, the flow rate of condensate is increased. When the temperature is less than 47℃, the flow rate of condensate is decreased, so that the temperature of the fluid medium in the sealed box 1 is maintained between 47℃ and 53℃.

[0063] Step 5: Start motor 21. The motor drives drive shaft 23 to rotate, which in turn drives rotating propeller 3 to rotate. During the rotation of propeller 3, the fluid medium mixed with microparticles flows rapidly across the rake face of the workpiece 41, creating a local negative pressure. Under the action of this local negative pressure, the fluid medium mixed with microparticles generates a cavitation effect on the rake face of the workpiece 41. The fluid medium near the rake face of the workpiece 41 forms microbubbles and bursts, causing microparticles to impact the rake face of the workpiece 41, forming microstructures that improve the cutting performance of the workpiece 41.

[0064] The distance R from the outer end of the blade to the central axis of the rotating propeller is 150 mm. The rotational speed n of the rotating propeller 3 is set to 2000 rpm to 2500 rpm, with 2500 rpm being the preferred value. When the rotational speed n is 2500 rpm, the linear velocity of the mounting slot 421, which is 0.7R to 0.9R away from the central axis of the rotating propeller, is 27.5 m / s to 35 m / s.

[0065] At 2000rpm to 2500rpm, cavitation erosion does not cause serious damage to the rotating propeller; at the same time, the microstructure formed on the surface of the machined tool 41 can be maintained in the size range of 5μm to 15μm.

[0066] The rotation time of the rotary propeller 3 is greater than or equal to 30 minutes. The rotation speed of the rotary propeller is controlled by adjusting the motor speed through a frequency converter, and the speed can be changed between 0-3000 rpm. Under the condition of setting the rotary propeller speed to 2500 rpm, if the required microstructure sizes are 5μm, 10μm, and 15μm, the processing time is 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 90 minutes, respectively.

[0067] Step 5: After processing is complete, turn off motor 21 and wait for the rotating paddle 3 to stop rotating. After the rotating paddle stops rotating, open drain valve 1141 to start draining water and wait for the draining to finish.

[0068] Step 6: Open the sealing cover 12 and take out the workpiece tool 41; put the workpiece tool 41 back into the ultrasonic generator for cleaning for a time of three minutes or more. After ultrasonic cleaning, clean the workpiece tool 41 with anhydrous ethanol. After the anhydrous ethanol cleaning is completed, dry it.

[0069] Example 2

[0070] like Figure 8 As shown, a tool microstructure machining device based on the cavitation erosion effect of propeller blade fluid is disclosed. The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the clamping base 42 has only a single row of mounting slots 421 arranged radially along the rotating propeller 3. The clamping base 42 of the tool clamping assembly 4 has turbulence holes corresponding to the number of mounting slots 421. The axial direction of the turbulence holes is perpendicular to the outer surface of the clamping base 42. The turbulence holes and the corresponding mounting slots 421 are aligned along the tangential direction of the rotating propeller (i.e., the direction of the linear velocity of the rotating propeller).

[0071] The turbulence hole is located on the side of the corresponding mounting slot 421 close to the rotation direction of the rotary propeller, and the distance between the corresponding mounting slot 421 and the rotary propeller tangentially is 10mm. During the rotation of the rotary propeller, after the fluid medium passes through the turbulence hole, a local low pressure will be generated behind the turbulence hole, which will further promote the formation of a large number of cavitation bubbles. These cavitation bubbles will collapse on the rake face of the workpiece behind the turbulence hole, thereby aggravating the cavitation erosion on the rake face of the workpiece and improving the machining efficiency of the unworked part of the rake face of the workpiece.

[0072] The above are merely specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention includes, but is not limited to, the contents described in the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments above. Any modifications that do not depart from the functional and structural principles of the present invention will be included within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for machining tool microstructures based on the cavitation erosion effect of propeller fluid, characterized in that: The tool microstructure machining device used includes a sealed housing (1), a rotary drive assembly (2), a rotary paddle (3), a tool clamping assembly (4), and a temperature control assembly (7); the drive rod (23) extends into the sealed housing (1) and is driven to rotate by the rotary drive assembly (2); the rotary paddle (3) is fixed on the drive rod (23); several tool clamping assemblies (4) are installed on the rotary paddle (3). The tool clamping assembly (4) includes a clamping seat (42) and a plurality of mounting slots (421) formed on the clamping seat (42). The mounting slots (421) are stepped through slots, including a mounting slot section near the blade and a limiting slot section away from the blade. The cross-sectional shape of the mounting slot section corresponds to the shape of the work-processed tool (41), so that the work-processed tool (41) can be inserted into the mounting slot (421). When the work-processed tool (41) is inserted into the mounting slot (421), the stepped surface between the mounting slot section and the limiting slot section provides a limit to the work-processed tool (41). The rake face of the work-processed tool (41) is exposed in the sealed housing (1) through the limiting slot section. The outer side of the clamping seat (42) is provided with turbulence holes corresponding to the number of mounting slots (421). The axial direction of the turbulence holes is perpendicular to the outer side of the clamping seat (42). The turbulence holes are located on the side of the corresponding mounting slot (421) near the rotation direction of the rotating blade. The sealed box (1) is equipped with a temperature sensor (71) for detecting the internal temperature of the sealed box (1); the sealed box (1) is fixed to the support assembly (6) by the box base (13); the support assembly (6) includes a support base (61) and a hydraulic lifting rod (62); the box base (13) is fixed on the support base (61); the bottom end of the vertically arranged hydraulic lifting rod (62) is fixed to the top surface of the support base (61); the top end of the hydraulic lifting rod (62) is fixed with a support housing (621); the support housing (621) is located directly above the sealed box (1); the top end of the vertically arranged drive rod (23) and the support housing (621) form a rotating pair; the bottom end of the drive rod (23) extends into the box body (11); a bearing (223) and a bearing seal (2231) are provided between the drive rod (23) and the box body (11); the drive rod (23) and the bearing (223) are clearance-fitted; The tool microstructure machining method includes the following steps: Step 1: Insert the tool to be processed (41) into the mounting slot (421) of the tool clamping assembly (4), so that the rake face of the tool to be processed (41) is exposed and the cutting edge is blocked by the stepped surface between the mounting slot and the limiting slot; mount the tool clamping assembly (4) on the rotary propeller (3); Step 2: Add a fluid medium containing microparticles to the sealed box (1) and immerse the rotating paddle (3) in the fluid medium; Step 3: The rotating paddle (3) rotates in the fluid medium, causing each workpiece (41) to make a circular motion; the fluid medium mixed with nanoparticles flows over the rake face of the workpiece (41), forming a local negative pressure; under the action of the local negative pressure, the fluid medium mixed with nanoparticles generates a cavitation effect on the rake face of the workpiece (41), causing microstructures to form on the rake face of the workpiece (41); the rotation speed and rotation time of the rotating paddle are adjusted according to the depth and number of microstructures to be processed; the greater the depth and the more numerous the microstructures, the faster the rotation speed of the rotating paddle and the longer the rotation time; during the rotation of the rotating paddle (3), the temperature inside the sealed box (1) is detected, and the heat dissipation of the inner cavity of the sealed box (1) is carried out, so that the average temperature inside the sealed box (1) is maintained at 47℃~53℃; during the operation, the rotating paddle (3) drives the workpiece (41) to rotate at a linear speed of 27.5m / s~35m / s; Step 4: After the rotating paddle (3) has rotated for a preset time, the tool to be processed (41) will be removed, and the microstructure processing will be completed.

2. The tool microstructure machining method based on blade fluid cavitation erosion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting slots on the clamping base (42) are arranged radially along the rotating paddle (3).

3. The tool microstructure machining method based on blade fluid cavitation erosion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sealed housing (1) is provided with a nozzle (51) for conveying fluid medium into the inner cavity of the sealed housing (1); the nozzle (51) is connected to the outlet pipeline of the liquid tank and the microparticle container (53) containing nanoparticles through the liquid delivery pipeline (52); a shut-off valve (54) is provided on the outlet pipeline of the microparticle container (53).

4. The tool microstructure machining method based on blade fluid cavitation erosion according to claim 3, characterized in that: The sealed box (1) includes a box body (11) and a sealing cover (12); the sealing cover (12) covers the top opening of the box body (11); the sealing cover (12) is provided with a first through hole (121), a second through hole (122) and a third through hole (123); the drive rod (23) passes through the second through hole (122); the nozzle (51) is engaged with the first through hole (121).

5. The tool microstructure machining method based on blade fluid cavitation erosion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main body (11) of the enclosure includes an inner shell (111), an outer shell (112), and a temperature control component (7); the temperature control component (7) includes a condensate channel (1131) disposed between the inner shell (111) and the outer shell (112); the outer shell (112) is provided with a condensate inlet (1132) and a condensate outlet (1133) on its side; the position of the condensate inlet (1132) is lower than the position of the condensate outlet (1133); during operation, the average temperature inside the sealed enclosure is adjusted by adjusting the condensate flow rate in the condensate channel (1131); the average temperature inside the sealed enclosure is controlled between 47°C and 53°C.

6. The tool microstructure machining method based on propeller fluid cavitation erosion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support housing (621) is provided with a cavity for installing the rotary drive assembly (2); the rotary drive assembly (2) includes a motor (21) and a drive rod (23); the output shaft of the motor (21) is connected to the drive rod (23) for transmission; the motor (21) is located directly above the hydraulic lifting rod (62); the rotary propeller (3) includes a hub (31) and blades (32); the inner ends of multiple blades (32) are fixed to the hub (31); the bottom surface of each blade (32) can be detachably connected to a tool clamping assembly (4).

7. The tool microstructure machining method based on propeller fluid cavitation erosion according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before and after microstructure processing, the cutting tool (41) was ultrasonically cleaned, then cleaned with anhydrous ethanol and dried.

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