Semi-coal and rock spiral cutting drum

Abstract

The invention relates to a shallow-depth cutting device for a cutting drum in coal mine roadway excavation machinery and a method for implementing such a device, belonging to the field of coal mine roadway excavation equipment and technology. Its features include a cutting drum designed to cut a single tooth thickness of less than 5mm, suitable for both coal and rock cutting. It mainly consists of diamond tooth plates (1), a spiral plow (2), a fixing device (3), and a drum (4). It employs a dual-cutting principle: when cutting coal, it primarily utilizes the cutting action of the plow blade (15) of the spiral plow plate (16) and the guiding and discharging coal flow effect of the spiral plow (2); when cutting rock, it primarily utilizes the diamond tooth plates (1) installed on the spiral plow plate (16) to cut and break the rock. The small cutting depth reduces vibration to the surrounding rock, keeping the surrounding rock and roof relatively stable. The roller (4) has a spiral boss (13) welded on its surface. An array of spiral teeth (8) are arranged along the spiral boss (13) to form a spiral plow (2) and diamond teeth (1) embedded in the plow blade (15). The design provides multiple options for long and short equal radius rollers and variable radius rollers, depending on the degree of failure of the working components, to select to replace the spiral teeth (8) or diamond teeth (1).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention patent relates to a shallow-depth cutting device for a cutting drum in coal mine roadway excavation machinery, and a method for implementing such a device. It belongs to the field of coal mine roadway excavation equipment and technical methods. Background Technology

[0002] In existing coal mine roadway excavation machinery, most cutting devices for cutting drums use spirally arranged conical pick-shaped or knife-shaped cutting teeth. These teeth often have a relatively large cutting depth per tooth (the cutting thickness of pick-shaped cutting teeth is on the order of 10, 17.5, or 25 mm), making them suitable for impact operations on the coal face and rapid coal extraction. However, this cutting method causes significant impact on the surrounding coal and rock, resulting in obvious vibration damage; at the same time, it also creates a large mechanical impact on the drum's power transmission system.

[0003] To match the working characteristics of patent number ZL 2019 1 0186436.7, "An integrated machine for tunneling, support, and anchoring in coal mines and a method for parallel operation," the machine requires a slotting and advancing speed of 1-5 mm / s. This necessitates the design of a cutting drum with a single-tooth cutting thickness in the single digits, i.e., less than 5 mm. Simultaneously, it needs to fulfill the function of cutting both coal and rock.

[0004] Chinese Utility Model Patent No. CN201220058393.8, invented by China Coal Fifth Construction Co., Ltd., describes a cutting device for a roadheader. The patent describes a cutting drum equipped with at least two rows of roller cutters for cutting rock, and at least three cutting teeth per revolution along the drum's spiral direction for rock breaking. It is suitable for construction in hard rock tunnels with a rock hardness greater than 10. Its limitation lies in its primary target of cutting hard rock, and the cutting parameters being similar to those of traditional conical cutting teeth. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Purpose of the invention

[0006] The cutting machine adopts the principle of slow-speed propulsion and continuous operation, while also taking into account both coal and rock cutting. Therefore, a cutting drum with shallow cutting depth needs to be designed. When cutting coal, the main function is to utilize the plow blade (15) of the spiral plow plate (16) on the drum, while the spiral plow (2) has the function of guiding and discharging coal flow. When cutting rock, the main function is to use the diamond tooth (1) installed on the top of the spiral plow plate (16) to cut and break the rock. This combination reduces the risk of rock fissures and delamination caused by the impact cutting of the pick-type or knife-type cutting teeth of the commonly used cutting drum. By utilizing the small cutting depth and uniform linear speed and feed pressure of the spiral teeth (8), the surrounding rock and roof are kept relatively stable.

[0007] Technical solution

[0008] Semi-coal and rock cutting spiral tooth cutting drum, such as Figure 1The device shown mainly consists of a diamond-toothed blade (1), a spiral plow (2), a fixing device (3), and a roller (4). The diamond-toothed blade (1) is shown below. Figure 2 The device shown consists of a diamond composite sheet PDC (5), a composite sheet support (6), and a toothed handle (7), etc., and is embedded in the top of the spiral plow plate (16) or welded to the spiral plow plate (16) using techniques such as fixing pins (9). The cutting direction of the diamond toothed blade (1) is consistent with the tangential direction of the plow blade (15) of the spiral plow plate (16), and the two are combined into one unit, called the spiral tooth (8). The unit spiral tooth (8) is as follows: Figure 4 The structure shown consists of a diamond-toothed blade (1) (not limited to one), a spiral plow plate (16), a fixing device (4), a plow plate boss (10), a plow plate groove (11), a plow fixing groove (12), a handle square hole (14), and a plow blade (15). The non-disintegratable spiral teeth (8) are formed by several unit spiral teeth (8), such as... Figure 3 The arc length of the semicircular helical teeth (8) shown should not exceed 180° and the overall projected inner radius should be commensurate with the installation radius of the roller (4). The roller (4) has a helical boss (13) welded on its surface, and the helical teeth (8) are snapped and installed along the helical boss (13) as shown. Figure 1 The spiral tooth cutting roller shown is composed of all the spiral teeth (8) to form a spiral plow (2).

[0009] The spiral tooth cutting drum for semi-coal and rock, and its spiral plow (2) implementation method:

[0010] Firstly, a spiral plow of equal radius (2): The surface of the roller (4) is welded with a raised spiral boss (13). The plow fixing groove (12) of the unit spiral tooth (8) is sequentially placed on the spiral boss (13), and the plow blade boss (10) of the unit spiral tooth (8) is sequentially inserted into the plow blade groove (11) of the next unit spiral tooth (8) and assembled and fixed by bolt fastening. This patent is not limited to such Figure 1 The fixing device (4); the toothed handle (7) of the diamond toothed plate (1) on the spiral tooth (8) is fixed in the handle square hole (14) by fixing pin (9), snap ring, U-shaped clip, etc., which makes it convenient for the longer roller (4) to choose to replace the local unit spiral tooth (8) or replace the diamond toothed plate (1) separately according to the degree of failure of the working component.

[0011] Secondly, the equal radius short spiral plow (2): When using the unit spiral tooth (8) method, the diamond tooth plate (1) can be welded to the spiral tooth (8), which makes it convenient for the equal radius and short length of the drum (4) to replace the local unit spiral tooth (8) according to the degree of failure of the working component.

[0012] Thirdly, the variable radius spiral plow (2): The integral spiral plow (2) is welded to the surface of the drum, and the tooth handle (7) of the diamond tooth (1) is fixed in the handle square hole (14) at the plow blade (15) of the spiral plow plate (16) with fixing pins (9), snap rings, U-shaped clips, etc. This makes it convenient for the variable radius drum (4) to replace the diamond tooth (1) separately according to the degree of failure of the working component.

[0013] Beneficial effects

[0014] Compared to pick-type or knife-type cutting teeth, which have a larger single-tooth cutting depth, such as Figure 2 As shown, the diamond toothed disc (1) used in this patent consists of a toothed disc handle (7), a composite disc support (6), and a diamond composite disc PDC (5). Its single-tooth cutting depth is 1–5 mm, and the breaking principle is changed from impact to cutting, greatly reducing disturbance to the surrounding rock. Polycrystalline diamond composite disc (PDC) is made by inserting or sintering small cutting blocks from thin polycrystalline diamond discs onto the tooth body to form cutting teeth. It is suitable for soft to medium-hard rocks.

[0015] Compared to the impact cutting of the cutting drum using pick-type cutting teeth in coal mine roadway excavation machinery, this patent is as follows: Figure 1 The spiral tooth cutting drum shown employs a dual-cutting principle. The cutting action of a cutting drum using pick-type cutting teeth involves the tip of the cutting teeth breaking down coal and rock under impact force. Optimal cutting efficiency is achieved by rationally arranging and designing the optimal cutting groove spacing (related to the number of spiral ends and the cutting line distance). If the cutting groove spacing is too large, the coal and rock between the grooves cannot completely break down, adversely affecting subsequent cutting; if the cutting groove spacing is too small, the coal and rock breaking effect cannot be fully utilized, resulting in small broken coal and rock pieces and high cutting energy consumption. In addition to the cutting function of a single diamond tooth (1), the cutting blade (15) of the spiral plow plate (16) also has a cutting function, which reduces the impact of slight changes in the spacing of the cutting grooves caused by the arrangement and arrangement of the diamond tooth (1). The coal and rock left in the cutting groove spacing are plowed by the cutting blade (15) of the spiral plow plate (16). At the same time, the spiral plow (2) has the function of guiding and discharging coal flow, which improves the adaptability of the coal and rock compressive strength to a large range of changes. Of course, the specific number of diamond tooth (1) arranged in the spiral plow (2) or the size of the groove spacing also need to be changed according to the actual main coal and rock compressive strength changes of the drum. If the coal and rock compressive strength is high, more diamond tooth (1) should be arranged, and if the coal and rock compressive strength is relatively low, fewer diamond tooth (1) should be arranged.

[0016] Compared to the pick-type cutting rollers used in coal mine tunnel excavation machinery, which suffer from abnormal failures such as tooth seat wear, resulting in the cutting rollers only being able to work with defects or requiring replacement of the entire roller, this patent... Figure 3 The semi-circular helical teeth (8) shown and Figure 4The unit helical teeth (8) shown provide a variety of solutions for replacing vulnerable working components.

[0017] Compared to applications such as continuous coal mining machines and roadheaders that require full-length, equal-radius drums, a helical plow (2) with equal-radius length and opposite rotation directions for the two halves of the cutting drum is required. The following scheme is suitable: the arc of the non-disassembleable helical teeth (8) is no greater than 180° for easy installation and disassembly on the drum; and its assembly and fixing methods are not limited to... Figure 1 , Figure 3 The fixing device (4) shown; the toothed handle (7) of the diamond toothed plate (1) is fixed in the handle square hole (14) by fixing pins (9), snap rings, U-shaped clips, etc., and the local unit helical teeth (8) or the diamond toothed plate (1) can be replaced separately depending on the degree of failure of the working component.

[0018] Compared to the application of the horizontal axis cutting drum of the cantilever tunneling machine in MT / T 1138, a partial equal radius spiral plow (2) is required. It is suitable for using spiral teeth (8) to weld diamond tooth plates (1) onto the spiral plow plate (16), and to select and replace the local unit spiral teeth (8) according to the degree of failure of the working components.

[0019] Compared to the application of longitudinal axis cutting drums in cantilever tunneling machines as per MT / T 1138, variable radius auger plows (2) are required. This is suitable for applications where the auger plow plate (2) is welded to the drum surface, and the toothed handle (7) is fixed in the rectangular hole of the cutting edge of the auger plow plate (16) using fixing pins (9), snap rings, U-shaped clips, etc. Depending on the degree of failure of the working components, the diamond toothed plate (1) or the entire cutting drum can be replaced.

[0020] Compared to the cutting roller equipped with a cutter for cutting rock, which is only suitable for hard rock tunnel construction with a rock hardness greater than 10, the diamond toothed blade (1) and the spiral plow plate (16) used in this patent have a plow blade (15) made of hard and wear-resistant materials such as tool steel, and the cross section of the spiral plow plate (16) is an isosceles triangle, which enhances the strength of the plow plate itself. These features make it suitable for effective cutting of hard rock, soft rock, coal and the like with a rock hardness of F10 and below. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 Overall schematic diagram of the spiral tooth cutting drum;

[0022] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of diamond tooth plate (1)

[0023] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of semi-circular helical teeth (8)

[0024] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of unit helical teeth (8)

[0025] The attached figure includes the following list of reference numerals:

[0026] (1) Diamond toothed blade, (2) Spiral plow, (3) Fixing device, (4) Roller, (5) Diamond composite sheet PDC, (6) Composite sheet support, (7) Toothed blade handle, (8) Spiral tooth, (9) Fixing pin, (10) Plow blade boss, (11) Plow blade groove, (12) Plow fixing groove, (13) Spiral boss, (14) Handle square hole, (15) Plow blade, (16) Spiral plow plate. Detailed Implementation

[0027] Patent No.: ZL 2019 1 0186436.7 "A coal mine tunneling and anchoring integrated machine and parallel operation method" The model machine has a rated speed of 2mm / s for slotting and propulsion, a speed range of 1~5mm / s, and a cutting drum speed of 33r / min. The basic parameters of the semi-coal and rock spiral tooth cutting drum designed in this patent are: drum (4) diameter 600mm, length 2500mm, spiral plow (2) plow blade height 200mm, spiral pitch 400mm, spiral inner circle projection diameter 600mm, diamond tooth (1) cutting speed 1~2m / s, that is, the spiral tooth cutting drum rotates 20~40r / min, which can normally match the requirements.

[0028] This patent Figure 2 The diamond cutting tooth (1) shown consists of a tooth handle (7), a composite support (6), and a diamond composite PDC (5). According to Table 2 of the "Experimental Study on Rock Breaking Stress of PDC Cutting Tooth" published by Ma Qingming et al. of China University of Petroleum, the cutting depth of the PDC cutting test is 1.5-2 mm, and the compressive strength of the rock it cuts is 22.43-249.93 MPa, which is completely consistent with the application scenario of this patent. The diamond toothed blade (1) is an integral structure without moving parts. That is, the diamond composite plate PDC (5) with a diameter of 13mm is fused to the composite plate support (6) and then welded to the toothed blade handle (7) with a length of 15mm, a width of 10mm, and a height of 100mm through the transition of the composite plate support (6). The PDC toothed blade on the diamond composite plate PDC (5) has good self-sharpening properties. The polycrystalline diamond grains continuously fall off during the cutting of rocks, and the grains forming the cutting edge are renewed and self-sharpened, forming a sharp cutting edge. The tungsten carbide substrate behind it has good impact resistance and provides good elastic support for the diamond.

[0029] This patent is as follows Figure 1The spiral tooth cutting drum shown adopts the dual-cutting principle. According to the "Research on Cutting Parameters and Geometric Parameters of Pick-shaped Cutting Teeth" published by Wang Xiang et al. of Chongqing Research Institute of China Coal Technology and Engineering Group, the cutting action of the cutting drum using pick-shaped cutting teeth is that the cutting teeth break down coal and rock under the action of impact force. The drum cutting teeth achieve the best cutting efficiency by reasonably arranging and designing the optimal cutting groove spacing (related to the number of spiral head of the cutting teeth, the cutting line distance, etc.). If the cutting groove spacing is too large, the coal and rock between the cutting grooves cannot completely break down, which will have an adverse effect on subsequent cutting. If the cutting groove spacing is too small, the coal and rock breaking effect cannot be fully utilized, resulting in small coal and rock pieces and high cutting energy consumption. The spiral cutting drum also requires a reasonable configuration of cutting teeth. The selection of cutting teeth is to use diamond tooth plates (1) which have a cutting function, and the plow blade (15) of the spiral plow plate (16) also has a cutting function. This reduces the impact of the arrangement and arrangement of diamond tooth plates (1) on the change of the cutting groove spacing. The coal and rock left between two adjacent cutting grooves are plowed by the plow blade (15) of the spiral plow plate (16), which improves the applicability of the coal and rock compressive strength with a wide range of changes. Figure 1 The spiral cutting roller shown has a spiral plow (2) with a spiral pitch of 400mm. Each spiral has 8 diamond teeth (1) arranged, i.e., the groove spacing is 50mm. In this section, the plow blade (15) of the spiral plow plate (16) plows and cuts. The plowing height of the spiral plow plate (16) is 200mm, and the cross-section is an isosceles triangle with a bottom side length of 50mm to ensure the strength of the plow plate. The number of diamond teeth (1) arranged should vary according to the specific situation of the coal and rock being broken. If the proportion of hard rock is large, the number needs to be increased and the groove spacing needs to be reduced.

Claims

1. Semi-coal and rock cutting spiral tooth cutting drum: This is a shallow-depth cutting device used in coal mine roadway excavation machinery. It mainly consists of diamond tooth plates (1), spiral plow (2), fixing device (3), and drum (4). A spiral boss (13) is welded to the surface of the roller (4). Spiral teeth (8) are engaged and installed along the spiral boss (13) to form a spiral plow (2). A fixing device (3) fixes the spiral plow (2) to the roller (4) along the spiral boss (13). The diamond tooth plate (1) is composed of a diamond composite plate PDC (5), a composite plate support (6), and a tooth handle (7). It is inlaid on the top of the spiral plow plate (16) or welded to the spiral plow plate (16) with a fixing pin (9). The cutting direction of the diamond tooth plate (1) is consistent with the tangent direction of the plow blade (15) of the spiral plow plate (16). The two are combined into one and called the spiral tooth (8). The spiral teeth (8) consist of diamond teeth (1), spiral plow plates (16), fixing devices (3), plow plate bosses (10), plow plate grooves (11), plow fixing grooves (12), handle square holes (14), and plow blades (15). The spiral teeth (8) form an indivisible structure with an arc length not exceeding 180°. The overall projection inner radius must be commensurate with the installation radius of the roller (4), and the spiral pitch must be the same as that of the spiral bosses (13).

2. The semi-coal and rock cutting drum according to claim 1 is characterized in that: it adopts a double cutting principle, the single tooth cutting depth of the diamond tooth (1) is 1-5mm, and the coal and rock left between the cutting grooves of two adjacent diamond tooth plates (1) is plowed by the plow blade (15) of the spiral plow plate (16), which improves the adaptability of the coal and rock compressive strength to a wide range of changes. When cutting coal, the main function of the spiral plow blade (15) on the drum is to use the plow blade (16), while the spiral plow (2) has the function of guiding and discharging coal flow. When cutting rocks, the diamond toothed blade (1) installed on the top of the spiral plow blade (16) is mainly used to cut and break the rocks. This combination reduces the risk of rock fissures and delamination caused by vibration of the surrounding rock, and keeps the surrounding rock and roof relatively stable.

3. The spiral plow (2) of the semi-coal and rock cutting roller according to claim 1 is implemented as follows: equal radius long spiral plow (2): the surface of the roller (4) is welded with a raised spiral boss (13), the plow fixing groove (12) of the spiral tooth (8) is sequentially placed on the spiral boss (13), and the plow plate boss (10) of the spiral tooth (8) is sequentially inserted into the plow plate groove (11) of the spiral tooth (8) and assembled and fixed by bolt fastening; the tooth plate handle (7) of the diamond tooth plate (1) on the spiral tooth (8) is fixed in the handle square hole (14) by fixing pin (9), or snap ring, or U-shaped clip, so that the longer roller (4) can choose to replace the local unit spiral tooth (8) or replace the diamond tooth plate (1) separately according to the degree of failure of the working component.

4. The spiral plow (2) implementation method of the semi-coal and rock cutting drum according to claim 1: equal radius short spiral plow (2): when using spiral teeth (8), diamond teeth (1) can be welded to spiral teeth (8), which makes it convenient for the drum (4) with equal radius and short length to replace the local unit spiral teeth (8) according to the degree of failure of the working components.

5. The spiral plow (2) of the semi-coal and rock cutting drum according to claim 1 is implemented by the following method: variable radius spiral plow (2): the integral spiral plow (2) is welded to the surface of the drum, and the tooth handle (7) of the diamond tooth plate (1) is fixed in the handle square hole (14) at the plow blade (15) of the spiral plow plate (16) with a fixing pin (9), or a snap ring, or a U-shaped clip, so that the variable radius drum (4) can replace the diamond tooth plate (1) separately according to the degree of failure of the working component.

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