Integrated energy cascade utilization system based on double-channel PV / T

Abstract

This invention belongs to the fields of solar energy utilization and low-carbon building applications, and relates to an integrated energy cascade utilization system based on a dual-channel PV / T system. The invention includes a photovoltaic power generation system, a photovoltaic panel preheating unit, a solar thermal power generation system, a waste heat storage system, and a smart control system. Different control strategies are implemented during the heating, cooling, and transition periods. This invention integrates photovoltaic panels and collectors / evaporators into a single PV / T module, solving the problem of low power generation efficiency of a single photovoltaic panel at high temperatures. The heat energy generated by the photovoltaic panels and any unused heat energy is used as a low-temperature heat source for the heat pump system. The high-temperature heat energy converted by the heat pump can be used for winter heating and ORC power generation. Waste heat during system operation can be stored in phase change materials. The controller intelligently controls the fans, sensors, and valves in the system to meet different functional requirements, ultimately achieving a total system efficiency of 80-90%.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the fields of solar energy utilization and low-carbon building applications, and relates to an integrated energy cascade utilization system based on dual-channel PV / T, specifically to an energy cascade utilization system and control method based on dual-channel PV / T for heating, power generation, energy storage and cooling. Background Technology

[0002] Solar energy is a widely distributed, renewable, and clean energy source, utilized in forms such as photovoltaic (PV) power generation, solar thermal energy utilization, and solar thermal power generation. It is applied to industrial power supply, heating, and agricultural product drying, reducing the use of fossil fuels and achieving energy conservation and emission reduction. Research shows that PV cells have optimal power generation efficiency at 25°C, but their efficiency decreases as the temperature of the PV cells increases. Photovoltaic / Thermal System (PV / T) technology combines solar photovoltaic power generation with solar thermal collection technology. Pipes are laid on the back of the PV panels, and fluid flow carries away the generated and unused heat energy from the PV panels, utilizing this heat energy. This not only improves the power generation efficiency of PV cells but also solves the problem of the large space occupied by a single PV module. Heat pumps are a type of energy system that can recover waste heat over a wide range of temperatures and transfer low-temperature heat energy to high-temperature heat energy. Research shows that the electricity required for heat pump heating loads is much less than that for direct resistance heating. The Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is a Rankine cycle that uses low-boiling-point organic matter as the working fluid. The low-boiling-point working fluid absorbs heat in a heat exchanger and generates steam. The steam enters an expander to do work, which in turn drives a generator to generate electricity.

[0003] The photovoltaic power generation in patent CN113783504A provides the electricity required for the system to operate. The electricity generated by the solar thermal power generation system can be used in grid connection. The waste heat cascade utilization system effectively utilizes solar energy. However, it ignores the problem that the power generation efficiency of a single photovoltaic cell is low when the surface temperature is high.

[0004] The CN105577115A patent uses a low-freezing-point transformer oil instead of water as the circulating medium in the PV / T system, which solves the problem that water easily freezes in the collectors and pipes in cold or high-altitude areas. However, it neglects the utilization of the heat energy carried away by the photovoltaic panels in the transformer oil.

[0005] Patent CN106979043A provides a circulating heat pump power generation system that utilizes industrial waste heat to heat water, solar thermal energy, geothermal energy, etc., to vaporize and expand low-boiling-point liquids in the evaporator, generating dynamic pressure that drives a turbine to generate electricity. However, this patent only uses photovoltaic panels to generate electricity, neglecting the utilization of solar thermal energy for power generation, and does not consider the impact of storing large amounts of heat energy underground on the underground environment.

[0006] The CN115059970A patent combines discontinuous kitchen waste heat with intermittent solar and geothermal energy, solving the environmental and human health hazards of kitchen waste heat and the heat accumulation problem of ground source heat pumps, thus realizing the tiered utilization of energy. However, the patent lacks an effective control method for the system, hindering further improvement in system efficiency.

[0007] Existing patents do not combine multiple modes to form an effective energy cascade utilization system, and cannot switch at any time according to energy type requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide an energy cascade utilization system based on dual-channel PV / T for heating, power generation, energy storage, and cooling, which solves the problem of low power generation efficiency of a single photovoltaic panel at high temperatures. The system sends the heat energy generated by the photovoltaic panel and the unused heat energy to the heat pump for heating and power generation, or stores the heat energy in different phase change materials through a waste heat storage system. The stored energy can provide hot air, cold air, domestic hot water, and aquaculture warm water. The system achieves different energy supply needs and improves the overall system efficiency through intelligent control of the entire system.

[0009] The technical solution of this invention is an energy cascade utilization system based on dual-channel PV / T for heating, power generation, energy storage, and cooling, including a photovoltaic power generation system, a photovoltaic panel preheating unit, a solar thermal power generation system, a waste heat storage system, and an intelligent control system.

[0010] The photovoltaic power generation system includes a PV / T module (1), a battery (2) and an inverter (3) connected in sequence, and a DC switch (4) is provided between the battery (2) and the inverter (3);

[0011] The PV / T module includes a photovoltaic panel (101), a collector / evaporator (102), and a glass shell (103). The glass shell (103) has an air inlet (104) and an air outlet (105) at both ends. The collector / evaporator (102) has a liquid inlet (106) and a liquid outlet (107) at both ends.

[0012] The photovoltaic panel preheating unit consists of a series-connected PV / T module (1), an adjustable-speed pipe fan (6), a heat exchanger (7), an electric three-way valve A (503), and an electric two-way valve A (601); the heat exchanger (7) contains a phase change material A (801).

[0013] The solar thermal power generation system consists of a series-connected PV / T module (1), an electric three-way valve B (501), a heat exchanger (7), an electric three-way valve C (502), an electric three-way valve C (502), a compressor (9), a condenser A (10), and a throttle valve (15), and also includes an ORC power generation unit.

[0014] The ORC power generation unit consists of an expander (12), a condenser (14), and a working fluid pump (11) connected in series with the condenser A (10); the expander (12) is connected to a generator (13); the generator (13) is connected to a grid-connected controller (16); the grid-connected controller (16) sends the electricity generated by the ORC power generation unit into the national power grid;

[0015] The waste heat storage system is divided into a first waste heat storage system and a second waste heat storage system, which are mainly composed of phase change material A (801) in heat exchanger (7), phase change material B (802) in heat exchanger (18) and phase change material C (803) in heat exchanger (19).

[0016] The phase change material A (801) has a phase change temperature of 42℃-48℃; the phase change material B (802) has a phase change temperature of 18℃-24℃; and the phase change material C (803) has a phase change temperature of 27℃-33℃.

[0017] The intelligent control system includes a controller (17) and corresponding sensors, flow meters, various switches and corresponding valves;

[0018] Different control strategies are implemented during the heating season, cooling season, and transition period:

[0019] 1) Heating season:

[0020] When the average temperature of the photovoltaic panel is less than 25°C, open the electric two-way valve A (601), the electric three-way valve A (503) port a and port b, and the fan (6), and close the electric three-way valve A (503) port c. The heat energy of the phase change material A (801) is transferred to the photovoltaic panel (101) through the photovoltaic panel preheating unit to preheat the photovoltaic panel.

[0021] When the average temperature of the photovoltaic panel (101) exceeds 25°C, the heat pump is turned on.

[0022] If the inlet temperature (T11) of the working fluid on the heating side of condenser A (10) is 40-60℃ and the indoor temperature (T10) is less than 22℃, turn on the fan (701) to transfer the heat energy of condenser A (10) to the room, so that the indoor temperature (T10) rises to 22℃, and then turn off the fan (701).

[0023] Before the indoor temperature (T10) drops from 22℃ to 18℃, open the electric three-way valve A (503) port a and port c, the fan (6), the electric two-way valves B, D, I, J (602, 604, 609, 610) and the electric three-way valve D (504) port a and port c, and close the electric three-way valve A (503) port b, the electric two-way valves A, C, E, F, G, H (601, 603, 605, 606, 607, 608) and the electric three-way valve D (504) port b, and store the heat energy of the condenser A (10) in the phase change material A (801) and the phase change material C (803) through the first waste heat storage system;

[0024] If the indoor temperature (T10) drops below 18°C, the fan (701) is turned on, and the heat energy of the condenser A (10) is transferred to the indoor environment until it reaches 22°C.

[0025] If the inlet temperature (T11) of the working fluid on the heating side of condenser A(10) is greater than 60℃, the heat energy of condenser A(10) is transferred to the working fluid of ORC power generation for power generation in ORC power generation unit.

[0026] If the inlet temperature (T12) of the working fluid on the heating side of condenser B (14) is greater than 40°C and the indoor temperature (T10) is less than 22°C, turn on the fan (702) to transfer the heat energy of condenser B (14) to the room. When the room temperature rises to 22°C, turn off the fan (702).

[0027] Before the indoor temperature (T10) drops from 22℃ to 18℃, open the electric three-way valve A (503) port a and port c, the fan (6), the electric two-way valves C, D, I, J (603, 604, 609, 610) and the electric three-way valve D (504) port a and port b, and close the electric three-way valve A (503) port b, the electric two-way valves A, B, E, F, G, H (601, 602, 605, 606, 607, 608) and the electric three-way valve D (504) port c, and store the heat energy of the condenser B (14) in the phase change material A (801) and the phase change material C (803) through the second waste heat storage system;

[0028] If the indoor temperature (T10) drops below 18°C, the fan (702) will be turned on, and the heat energy of the condenser B (14) will be transferred to the indoor environment until it reaches 22°C.

[0029] If the temperature (T2) of the liquid flow channel outlet (107) is lower than 45℃, open the outlet of electric three-way valve B (501)b and the inlet of electric three-way valve C (502)c, and close the outlet of electric three-way valve B (501)c and the inlet of electric three-way valve C (502)b to transfer the heat energy in phase change material A (801) to the heat pump working fluid and assist the heat pump in operation; the heat energy in phase change material A (801) exchanges heat with tap water, and the tap water after heat exchange can be used as domestic hot water;

[0030] If the indoor temperature (T10) is below 18°C ​​at night, the fan (703) will exchange heat between the indoor air and the phase change material C (803). When the indoor temperature (T10) is greater than or equal to 22°C, the fan (703) will be turned off.

[0031] 2) Cooling period:

[0032] When the average temperature of the photovoltaic panel (101) exceeds 25°C, the heat pump is turned on.

[0033] If the inlet temperature (T11) of the working fluid on the heating side of condenser A (10) is 40-60℃, open the electric three-way valve A (503) port a and port c, fan (6), electric two-way valves B, E, F, G (602, 605, 606, 607), electric three-way valve D (504) port a and port c, and close the electric three-way valve A (503) port b, electric two-way valves A, C, D, H, I, J (601, 603, 604, 608, 609, 610), electric three-way valve D (504) port b, and store the heat energy of condenser A (10) in phase change material A (801) and phase change material B (802) through the first waste heat storage system;

[0034] If the inlet temperature (T11) of the working fluid on the heating side of condenser A(10) is greater than 60℃, the heat energy of condenser A(10) is transferred to the working fluid of ORC power generation for power generation in ORC power generation unit.

[0035] If the inlet temperature (T12) of the working fluid on the heating side of condenser B(14) is greater than 40℃, open the electric three-way valve A(503) port a and port c, fan (6), electric two-way valve (603, 605, 606, 607), electric three-way valve D(504) port a and port b, and close the electric three-way valve A(503) port b, electric two-way valve (601, 602, 604, 608, 609, 610), electric three-way valve D(504) port c, and store the heat energy of condenser B(14) in phase change material A(801) and phase change material B(802) through the second waste heat storage system;

[0036] If the indoor temperature (T10) is greater than 26℃, the electric two-way valve (608) will be opened to provide cooling, so that the indoor temperature (T10) drops to 23℃.

[0037] If the indoor temperature (T0) is less than 26℃, then close the electric two-way valve (608);

[0038] If the temperature (T2) of the liquid flow channel outlet (107) is lower than 45℃, open the outlet of electric three-way valve B (501)b and the inlet of electric three-way valve C (502)c, and close the outlet of electric three-way valve B (501)c and the inlet of electric three-way valve C (502)b to transfer the heat energy in phase change material A (801) to the heat pump working fluid and assist the heat pump in operation; the heat energy in phase change material A (801) exchanges heat with tap water, and the tap water after heat exchange can be used as domestic hot water; the tap water exchanges heat with phase change material B (802), and the tap water after heat exchange can be used as aquaculture water.

[0039] 3) Transition period:

[0040] When the average temperature of the photovoltaic panel (101) exceeds 25°C, the heat pump is turned on.

[0041] If the inlet temperature (T11) of the working fluid on the heating side of condenser A (10) is within 40-60℃, open the electric three-way valve A (503) port a and port c, fan (6), electric two-way valve (602, 605, 606, 607), electric three-way valve D (504) port a and port c, and close the electric three-way valve A (503) port b, electric two-way valve (601, 603, 604, 608, 609, 610), electric three-way valve D (504) port b, and store the heat energy of condenser A (10) in phase change material A (801) and phase change material B (802) through the first waste heat storage system;

[0042] If the inlet temperature (T11) of the working fluid on the heating side of condenser A(10) is greater than 60℃, the heat energy of condenser A(10) is transferred to the working fluid of ORC power generation for power generation in ORC power generation unit.

[0043] If the inlet temperature (T12) of the working fluid on the heating side of condenser B(14) is greater than 40℃, open the electric three-way valve A(503) port a and port c, fan (6), electric two-way valve (603, 605, 606, 607), electric three-way valve D(504) port a and port b, and close the electric three-way valve A(503) port b, electric two-way valve (601, 602, 604, 608, 609, 610), electric three-way valve D(504) port c, and store the heat energy of condenser B(14) in phase change material A(801) and phase change material B(802) through the second waste heat storage system;

[0044] If the temperature (T2) of the liquid flow channel outlet (107) is lower than 45℃, open the outlet of electric three-way valve B (501)b and the inlet of electric three-way valve C (502)c, and close the outlet of electric three-way valve B (501)c and the inlet of electric three-way valve C (502)b to transfer the heat energy in phase change material A (801) to the heat pump working fluid and assist the heat pump in operation; the heat energy in phase change material A (801) exchanges heat with tap water, and the tap water after heat exchange can be used as domestic hot water; the tap water exchanges heat with phase change material B (802), and the tap water after heat exchange can be used as aquaculture water.

[0045] Furthermore, the photovoltaic panel (101) is coated or covered with a thin layer (108) of full-spectrum coating;

[0046] The heat exchange power of the collector / evaporator (102) is 2.74-3.12 times that of the photovoltaic panel (101). The DC power in the battery (2) is supplied to the temperature sensor (T1-T18), flow meter (F1-F6), adjustable speed pipe fan (6), other fans (701-703), electric two-way valve (601-610), and controller DC load, respectively. When the DC switch (4) is turned off, the remaining power in the battery (2) is converted into 220V AC power by the inverter (3) and supplied to the national power grid.

[0047] Furthermore, the power of the compressor (9) is 0.82-0.92 times the power of the photovoltaic panel (101); the heat exchange power of the condenser A (10) is 2.65-3.53 times the power of the photovoltaic panel (101); the power of the generator (13) is 0.16-0.21 times the power of the photovoltaic panel (101); and the heat exchange power of the condenser B (14) is 2.65-3.53 times the power of the photovoltaic panel (101).

[0048] Furthermore, the power of the phase change material A (801) is 1.69-2.13 times that of the photovoltaic panel (101); the power of the phase change material B (802) is 1.54-1.99 times that of the photovoltaic panel (101); and the power of the phase change material C (803) is 1.54-1.99 times that of the photovoltaic panel (101).

[0049] Furthermore, the first waste heat storage system includes a PV / T module (1), an adjustable speed pipe fan (6) connected to the PV / T module (1), a heat exchanger (7) connected to the adjustable speed pipe fan (6), an electric three-way valve A (503) connected to the heat exchanger (7), an electric two-way valve (604) and an electric two-way valve (606) connected to the outlet of the electric three-way valve A (503), a heat exchanger (18) connected to the electric two-way valve (606), and an electric two-way valve (607) and an electric two-way valve connected to the heat exchanger (18). (608), an electric two-way valve (605) and an electric two-way valve (609) connected to the electric two-way valve (604) / electric two-way valve (607), a heat exchanger (19) connected to the electric two-way valve (609), an electric two-way valve (610) connected to the heat exchanger (19), an electric three-way valve D (504) connected to the electric two-way valve (605) / electric two-way valve (610), a condenser A (10) connected to the outlet of the electric three-way valve D (504), and an electric two-way valve (602) connected to the condenser A (10);

[0050] The second waste heat storage system includes a PV / T module (1), an adjustable speed pipe fan (6) connected to the PV / T module (1), a heat exchanger (7) connected to the adjustable speed pipe fan (6), an electric three-way valve A (503)a connected to the heat exchanger (7), an electric two-way valve (604) and an electric two-way valve (606) connected to the outlet of the electric three-way valve A (503), a heat exchanger (18) connected to the electric two-way valve (606), and an electric two-way valve (607) and an electric two-way valve (608) connected to the heat exchanger (18). 08), Electric two-way valve (605) and electric two-way valve (609) connected to the electric two-way valve (604) / electric two-way valve (607), heat exchanger (19) connected to the electric two-way valve (609), electric two-way valve (610) connected to the heat exchanger (19), electric three-way valve D (504) connected to the electric two-way valve (605) / electric two-way valve (610), condenser B (14) connected to the outlet of the electric three-way valve D (504), and electric two-way valve (603) connected to the condenser B (14).

[0051] Furthermore, the controller (17) is connected to temperature sensors (T1-T18), flow meters (F1-F6), adjustable-speed pipe fans (6), other fans (701-703), electric two-way valves (601-610), electric three-way valves (501-504), mains switch (20), DC switch (4), and working fluid pump (11), respectively; the temperature sensor (T1) is used to monitor the temperature of the liquid flow channel inlet (106); the temperature sensor (T2) is used to monitor the temperature of the liquid flow channel outlet (107); the temperature sensor (T3) is used to monitor the inlet temperature of the heat exchanger (7) on the air source side; the temperature sensor (T4) is used to monitor the outlet temperature of the heat exchanger (7) on the air source side; Temperature sensor (T5) is used to monitor the inlet temperature of the working fluid on the heat exchange side of condenser A (10); temperature sensor (T6) is used to monitor the outlet temperature of the working fluid on the heat exchange side of condenser A (10); temperature sensors (T7-T9) are used to monitor the average temperature of photovoltaic panels (101); temperature sensor (T10) is used to monitor the indoor temperature; temperature sensor (T11) is used to monitor the inlet temperature of the working fluid on the heating side of condenser A (10); temperature sensor (T12) is used to monitor the inlet temperature of the working fluid on the heating side of condenser B (14); temperature sensor (T13) is used to monitor the air source inlet temperature of heat exchangers (802-803); temperature sensor (T14) is used to monitor the average temperature of the working fluid on the heating side of condenser B (14). The air source side outlet temperature of the heat exchanger (802-803); the temperature sensor (T15) is used to monitor the inlet temperature of the air on the heat exchange side of the condenser A (10); the temperature sensor (T16) is used to monitor the outlet temperature of the air on the heat exchange side of the condenser A (10); the temperature sensor (T17) is used to monitor the inlet temperature of the air on the heat exchange side of the condenser B (14); the temperature sensor (T18) is used to monitor the outlet temperature of the air on the heat exchange side of the condenser B (14); the flow meter (F1) is used to monitor the flow rate at the liquid flow channel inlet (106); the flow meter (F2) is used to monitor the inlet flow rate at the air source side of the heat exchanger (7); the flow meter (F3) is used to monitor the inlet flow rate of the working fluid on the heat exchange side of the condenser A (10). Flow rate; the flow meter (F4) is used to monitor the air source side inlet flow rate of the heat exchanger (802-803); the flow meter (F5) is used to monitor the air inlet flow rate of the heat exchange side of the condenser A (10); the flow meter (F6) is used to monitor the air inlet flow rate of the heat exchange side of the condenser B (14); the adjustable speed pipe fan (6) is used to exhaust hot air in the PV / T component (1); the fan (701) is a fan built into the condenser A (10); the fan (702) is a fan built into the condenser B (14); the fan (703) is used for heat exchange between indoor air and the third phase change material C (803); the mains switch (20) controls the mains power supply to the compressor (9);The DC switch (4) controls the switching on and off of DC power between the battery (2) and the inverter (3).

[0052] Furthermore, the power of each component is a different multiple of the PVT's power generation and heating capacity:

[0053] The thermal energy storage capacity of phase change materials is 1.5-2.2 times that of compressors; the power of compressors is 0.8-1.0 times that of heat exchangers; and the heat exchange power of heat exchangers is 2.6-3.6 times that of phase change materials.

[0054] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0055] 1. This invention integrates photovoltaic panels and heat collectors / evaporators into a PV / T integrated module, solving the problem of low power generation efficiency of single photovoltaic panels at high temperatures. The heat energy generated by the photovoltaic panels and the unused heat energy are used as a low-temperature heat source for the heat pump system. The high-temperature heat energy converted by the heat pump can be used for winter heating and ORC power generation. The waste heat during system operation can be stored in phase change materials. The controller can intelligently control the fans, sensors and valves in the system to achieve different functional requirements, ultimately making the overall efficiency of the entire system reach 80-90%.

[0056] 2. The present invention coats or covers the surface of a photovoltaic panel with a full-spectrum coating film to block light outside the wavelength range that the photovoltaic panel can absorb. Light in this wavelength range increases the temperature of the air around the photovoltaic panel, and part of the heat in the air is transferred to the working fluid in the collector / evaporator. This not only improves the power generation and heat collection efficiency of the PV / T module, but also improves the overall efficiency of the system.

[0057] 3. This invention integrates a heat exchanger and a phase change material into one device. When the temperature exceeds a certain point, the solid phase change material turns into a liquid state. During this process, the phase change material absorbs the waste heat in the system.

[0058] When liquid phase change materials at 42-48℃ turn into solids, the heat released can be used for preheating low-temperature photovoltaic panels, auxiliary heating of heat pump systems, indoor heating at night during the heating season, and domestic hot water throughout the year.

[0059] When a liquid phase change material at 27-33℃ turns into a solid, the heat released can be used for indoor heating at night during the heating season.

[0060] When a solid phase change material at 18-24℃ becomes liquid, the air after heat exchange can be used for indoor cooling during the cooling season. When a liquid phase change material at 18-24℃ becomes solid, the released heat can be used for warm water irrigation of florist plants, warm water breeding of indoor aquatic organisms, and water for indoor pet breeding.

[0061] 4. This invention monitors the temperature and flow sensors of the entire system through a controller, and controls the fans, working fluid pumps, mains switches, DC switches, electric two-way valves, and electric three-way valves in the entire system to achieve multiple functional requirements such as heating, power generation, waste heat storage, cooling, and photovoltaic panel preheating. The electricity generated by the ORC power generation unit and the surplus electricity in the battery are supplied to the national grid, realizing the decarbonization or zero-carbonization of energy.

[0062] 5. This invention achieves miniaturization, scaling up, and application in a variety of situations by changing the size of the photovoltaic panel area, appropriately scaling the power range of the heat exchanger, condenser, collector / evaporator in the system, the mass flow rate of the fluid in the internal pipes, and appropriately scaling the mass range of the phase change material, the power range of the compressor, and the expander.

[0063] 6. This invention has significant advantages:

[0064] Compared with traditional PV / T modules, the full-spectrum PV / T modules in this system provide 15% more energy and 4% more efficiency.

[0065] The full-spectrum PV / T modules coupled with the ORC system in this system provide all the energy, which is 540% higher than the power generation of the traditional ORC system and 70% higher in efficiency.

[0066] Compared with traditional heat pump systems, the full-spectrum PV / T component coupled heat pump system in this system improves energy supply by 32% and heat pump COP by 28%.

[0067] Compared with traditional PV / T coupled heat pump systems, this system improves energy supply and efficiency by 14%.

[0068] Compared with traditional PV / T coupled ORC systems, this system improves energy supply by 295% and efficiency by 15%. Attached Figure Description

[0069] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the PV / T module.

[0070] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the entire system.

[0071] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a waste heat storage system.

[0072] Figure 4 Electrical devices controlled by a controller.

[0073] Figure 5 This is a system control flowchart for the heating season.

[0074] Figure 6 This is a system control flowchart for the cooling season.

[0075] Figure 7 This is a system control flowchart for the transition period. Detailed Implementation

[0076] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings to aid in understanding the content of the present invention.

[0077] like Figures 1-2 As shown:

[0078] The photovoltaic power generation system includes a PV / T module 1, a battery 2, an inverter 3, and a DC switch 4.

[0079] The PV / T module includes a photovoltaic panel 101, a collector / evaporator 102, a glass shell 103, an air inlet 104, an air outlet 105, a liquid inlet 106, a liquid outlet 107, a full-spectrum coating thin layer 108, and temperature sensors T7-T9. The heat exchange power of the collector / evaporator 102 is 2.74-3.12 times the power generation of the photovoltaic panel 101. The DC power in the battery 2 supplies DC loads such as temperature sensors T1-T18, flow meters F1-F6, adjustable-speed pipe fans 6, other fans 701-703, electric two-way valves 601-610, and controllers. The function of the full-spectrum coating thin layer 108 is to block light outside the wavelength range that the photovoltaic panel can absorb. When the DC switch 4 is turned off, the remaining power in the battery 2 is converted into 220V AC power by the inverter 3 and supplied to the national power grid.

[0080] The photovoltaic panel preheating unit consists of a series-connected PV / T module 1, an adjustable-speed pipe fan 6 connected to the PV / T module 1, a heat exchanger 7 connected to the adjustable-speed pipe fan 6, an electric three-way valve A503a port connected to the heat exchanger 7, an electric two-way valve 601 connected to the electric three-way valve A503b port, and the PV / T module 1 connected to the electric two-way valve 601. The heat exchanger 7 contains a phase change material A801.

[0081] The solar thermal power generation system includes a PV / T module 1, an electric three-way valve B501a ​​inlet connected to the PV / T module 1, a heat exchanger 7 connected to the outlet of the electric three-way valve B501b, an electric three-way valve C502b inlet connected to the outlet of the electric three-way valve B501c, a heat exchanger 7 connected to the inlet of the electric three-way valve C502c, a compressor 9 connected to the outlet of the electric three-way valve C502a, a condenser A10 connected to the compressor 9, a throttle valve 15 connected to the condenser A10, and an ORC power generation unit.

[0082] The ORC power generation unit includes an expander 12 connected to the condenser A10, a generator 13 connected to the expander 12, a condenser B14, a working fluid pump 11 connected to the condenser B14, and the condenser A10 connected to the working fluid pump 11.

[0083] The generator 13 is connected to the grid-connected controller 16. The grid-connected controller 16 feeds the electricity generated by the ORC power generation unit into the national power grid. The power of the compressor 9 is 0.88 times the power generation of the photovoltaic panel 101. The heat exchange power of the condenser A10 is 2.65-3.53 times the power generation of the photovoltaic panel 101; the power generation of the generator 13 is 0.16-0.21 times the power generation of the photovoltaic panel 101; and the heat exchange power of the condenser B14 is 2.65-3.53 times the power generation of the photovoltaic panel 101.

[0084] like Figure 3 As shown:

[0085] The waste heat storage system is divided into a first waste heat storage system and a second waste heat storage system, mainly composed of phase change material A801 ​​in heat exchanger 7, phase change material B802 in heat exchanger 18, and phase change material C803 in heat exchanger 19. The power of phase change material A801 ​​is 1.69-2.13 times that of photovoltaic panel 101; the power of phase change material B802 is 1.54-1.99 times that of photovoltaic panel 101; the power of phase change material C803 is 1.54-1.99 times that of photovoltaic panel 101; the phase change temperature of phase change material A801 ​​is 42℃-48℃; the phase change temperature of phase change material B802 is 18℃-24℃; and the phase change temperature of phase change material C803 is 27℃-33℃.

[0086] The first waste heat storage system includes a PV / T module 1, an adjustable-speed pipe fan 6 connected to the PV / T module 1, a heat exchanger 7 connected to the adjustable-speed pipe fan 6, an electric three-way valve A503a inlet connected to the heat exchanger 7, an electric two-way valve 604 and an electric two-way valve 606 connected to the outlet of the electric three-way valve A503c, a heat exchanger 18 connected to the electric two-way valve 606, an electric two-way valve 607 and an electric two-way valve 608 connected to the heat exchanger 18, and an electric two-way valve... Electric two-way valves 605 and 609 are connected to electric two-way valve 604 / electric two-way valve 607, heat exchanger 19 is connected to electric two-way valve 609, electric two-way valve 610 is connected to heat exchanger 19, electric three-way valve D504a inlet is connected to electric two-way valve 605 / electric two-way valve 610, condenser A10 is connected to electric three-way valve D504c outlet, electric two-way valve 602 is connected to condenser A10, and PV / T assembly 1 is connected to electric two-way valve 602.

[0087] The second waste heat storage system includes a PV / T module 1, an adjustable-speed pipe fan 6 connected to the PV / T module 1, a heat exchanger 7 connected to the adjustable-speed pipe fan 6, an electric three-way valve A503a inlet connected to the heat exchanger 7, an electric two-way valve 604 and an electric two-way valve 606 connected to the outlet of the electric three-way valve A503c, a heat exchanger 18 connected to the electric two-way valve 606, an electric two-way valve 607 and an electric two-way valve 608 connected to the heat exchanger 18, and an electric two-way valve... Electric two-way valves 605 and 609 are connected to electric two-way valve 604 / electric two-way valve 607, heat exchanger 19 is connected to electric two-way valve 609, electric two-way valve 610 is connected to heat exchanger 19, electric three-way valve D504a inlet is connected to electric two-way valve 605 / electric two-way valve 610, condenser B14 is connected to electric three-way valve D504b outlet, electric two-way valve 603 is connected to condenser B14, and PV / T assembly 1 is connected to electric two-way valve 603.

[0088] like Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown:

[0089] The controller 17 is connected to temperature sensors T1-T18, flow meters F1-F6, adjustable-speed pipe fan 6, other fans 701-703, electric two-way valves 601-610, electric three-way valves 501-504, mains switch 20, DC switch 4, and working fluid pump 11. Temperature sensor T1 monitors the temperature of the liquid flow channel inlet 106; temperature sensor T2 monitors the temperature of the liquid flow channel outlet 107; temperature sensor T3 monitors the inlet temperature of the air source side of heat exchanger 7; temperature sensor T4 monitors the outlet temperature of the air source side of heat exchanger 7; temperature sensor T5 monitors the inlet temperature of the working fluid on the heat exchange side of condenser A10; temperature sensor T6 monitors the outlet temperature of the working fluid on the heat exchange side of condenser A10; and temperature sensors T7-T9 monitor the average temperature of the photovoltaic panel 101. Temperature sensor T10 is used to monitor the indoor temperature; temperature sensor T11 is used to monitor the inlet temperature of the working fluid on the heating side of condenser A10; temperature sensor T12 is used to monitor the inlet temperature of the working fluid on the heating side of condenser B14; temperature sensor T13 is used to monitor the inlet temperature of the air source side of heat exchangers 802-803; temperature sensor T14 is used to monitor the outlet temperature of the air source side of heat exchangers 802-803; temperature sensor T15 is used to monitor the inlet temperature of the air on the heat exchange side of condenser A10; temperature sensor T16 is used to monitor the condenser... The outlet temperature of the air on the heat exchange side of A10; the temperature sensor T17 is used to monitor the inlet temperature of the air on the heat exchange side of condenser B14; the temperature sensor T18 is used to monitor the outlet temperature of the air on the heat exchange side of condenser B14; the flow meter F1 is used to monitor the flow rate at the liquid inlet 106; the flow meter F2 is used to monitor the inlet flow rate at the air source side of heat exchanger 7; the flow meter F3 is used to monitor the inlet flow rate of the working fluid on the heat exchange side of condenser A10; the flow meter F4 is used to monitor the inlet flow rate at the air source side of heat exchangers 802-803; the flow meter F5 is used to monitor the cold... The inlet flow rate of air on the heat exchange side of condenser A10; the flow meter F6 is used to monitor the inlet flow rate of air on the heat exchange side of condenser B14; the adjustable speed pipe fan 6 is used to exhaust hot air from PV / T component 1; the fan 701 is a fan built into condenser A10; the fan 702 is a fan built into condenser B14; the fan 703 is used for heat exchange between indoor air and the third phase change material C803; the mains switch 20 controls the on / off of mains power to compressor 9; the DC switch 4 controls the on / off of DC power between battery 2 and inverter 3.

[0090] This invention provides a smart control system for a dual-channel PV / T-based energy cascade utilization system for heating, power generation, energy storage, and cooling:

[0091] I. During the heating season, if Figure 4-5As shown

[0092] When there is sunlight, the photovoltaic power generation system generates electricity and stores it in battery 2. The battery supplies power to the DC electrical components in the system. When the DC switch 4 is turned off, the remaining power in battery 2 is converted into 220V AC power by inverter 3 and supplied to the national power grid.

[0093] When the average temperature of the photovoltaic panel is less than 25°C, the electric two-way valve 601, the electric three-way valve A503a and b ports, and the fan 6 are opened, and the electric three-way valve A503c port is closed. The heat energy of the phase change material A801 ​​is transferred to the photovoltaic panel 101 through the photovoltaic panel preheating unit to preheat the photovoltaic panel.

[0094] When the average temperature of photovoltaic panel 101 exceeds 25°C, the heat pump is turned on.

[0095] When the inlet temperature T11 of the working fluid on the heating side of condenser A10 is between 40-60℃ and the indoor temperature T10 is less than 22℃, fan 701 is turned on to transfer the heat energy of condenser A10 to the room, raising the indoor temperature T10 to 22℃, and then fan 701 is turned off. Before the indoor temperature T10 drops from 22℃ to 18℃, electric three-way valves A503a and C ports, fan 6, electric two-way valves 602, 604, 609, 610, and electric three-way valves D504a and C ports are opened, and electric three-way valves A503b port, electric two-way valves 601, 603, 605, 606, 607, 608, and electric three-way valve D504b port are closed, storing the heat energy of condenser A10 in phase change material A801 ​​and phase change material C803 through the first waste heat storage system. If the indoor temperature T10 drops below 18℃, then fan 701 will be turned on, and the heat energy of condenser A10 will be transferred to the indoor environment until it reaches 22℃.

[0096] When the inlet temperature T11 of the working fluid on the heating side of condenser A10 is greater than 60℃, the heat energy of condenser A10 is transferred to the working fluid of ORC power generation for power generation in ORC power generation unit; when the inlet temperature T12 of the working fluid on the heating side of condenser B14 is greater than 40℃ and the indoor temperature T10 is less than 22℃, fan 702 is turned on to transfer the heat energy of condenser B14 to the room, the room temperature rises to 22℃, and then fan 702 is turned off. Before the indoor temperature T10 drops from 22℃ to 18℃, open the electric three-way valve A503a and c ports, fan 6, electric two-way valves 603, 604, 609, 610, and electric three-way valve D504a and b ports. Close the electric three-way valve A503b port, electric two-way valves 601, 602, 605, 606, 607, 608, and electric three-way valve D504c port. The heat energy of condenser B14 is stored in phase change materials A801 ​​and C803 through the second waste heat storage system. If the indoor temperature T10 drops below 18℃, fan 702 is turned on, and the heat energy of condenser B14 is transferred to the indoor environment until it reaches 22℃.

[0097] When the temperature T2 at the liquid outlet 107 is below 45℃, the outlet of the electric three-way valve B501b and the inlet of the electric three-way valve C502c are opened, and the outlet of the electric three-way valve B501c and the inlet of the electric three-way valve C502b are closed, so that the heat energy in the phase change material A801 ​​is transferred to the heat pump working fluid to assist the heat pump in operation; the heat energy in the phase change material A801 ​​exchanges heat with the tap water, and the tap water after heat exchange can be used as domestic hot water.

[0098] At night, when the indoor temperature T10 is below 18℃, the fan 703 exchanges heat between the indoor air and the phase change material C803. When the indoor temperature T10 is greater than or equal to 22℃, the fan 703 is turned off.

[0099] II. Cooling season Figure 4 and Figure 6 As shown

[0100] When there is sunlight, the photovoltaic power generation system generates electricity and stores it in battery 2. The battery supplies power to the DC electrical components in the system. When the DC switch 4 is turned off, the remaining power in battery 2 is converted into 220V AC power by inverter 3 and supplied to the national power grid.

[0101] When the average temperature of photovoltaic panel 101 exceeds 25°C, the heat pump is turned on.

[0102] When the inlet temperature T11 of the working fluid on the heating side of condenser A10 is between 40-60℃, open the electric three-way valve A503a and c ports, fan 6, electric two-way valves 602, 605, 606, 607, and electric three-way valve D504a and c ports, and close the electric three-way valve A503b port, electric two-way valves 601, 603, 604, 608, 609, 610, and electric three-way valve D504b port. The heat energy of condenser A10 is stored in phase change material A801 ​​and phase change material B802 through the first waste heat storage system.

[0103] When the inlet temperature T11 of the working fluid on the heating side of condenser A10 is greater than 60℃, the heat energy of condenser A10 is transferred to the ORC power generation working fluid for power generation in the ORC power generation unit; when the inlet temperature T12 of the working fluid on the heating side of condenser B14 is greater than 40℃, the electric three-way valve A503a and c ports, fan 6, electric two-way valves 603, 605, 606, 607, and electric three-way valve D504a and b ports are opened, and the electric three-way valve A503b port, electric two-way valves 601, 602, 604, 608, 609, 610, and electric three-way valve D504c port are closed, and the heat energy of condenser B14 is stored in phase change material A801 ​​and phase change material B802 through the second waste heat storage system.

[0104] When the indoor temperature T10 is greater than 26℃, the electric two-way valve 608 is opened to provide cooling, so that the indoor temperature T10 drops to 23℃; if the indoor temperature T0 is less than 26℃, the electric two-way valve 608 is closed.

[0105] When the temperature T2 at the liquid outlet 107 is below 45℃, the outlet of electric three-way valve B501b and the inlet of electric three-way valve C502c are opened, and the outlet of electric three-way valve B501c and the inlet of electric three-way valve C502b are closed. The heat energy in phase change material A801 ​​is transferred to the heat pump working fluid to assist the heat pump in operation. The heat energy in phase change material A801 ​​exchanges heat with tap water, and the tap water after heat exchange can be used as domestic hot water. The tap water exchanges heat with phase change material B802, and the tap water after heat exchange can be used as aquaculture water.

[0106] III. Transition period Figure 4 and Figure 7 As shown

[0107] When there is sunlight, the photovoltaic power generation system generates electricity and stores it in battery 2. The battery supplies power to the DC electrical components in the system. When the DC switch 4 is turned off, the remaining power in battery 2 is converted into 220V AC power by inverter 3 and supplied to the national power grid.

[0108] When the average temperature of photovoltaic panel 101 exceeds 25°C, the heat pump is turned on.

[0109] When the inlet temperature T11 of the working fluid on the heating side of condenser A10 is between 40-60℃, open the electric three-way valve A503a and c ports, fan 6, electric two-way valves 602, 605, 606, 607, and electric three-way valve D504a and c ports, and close the electric three-way valve A503b port, electric two-way valves 601, 603, 604, 608, 609, 610, and electric three-way valve D504b port. The heat energy of condenser A10 is stored in phase change material A801 ​​and phase change material B802 through the first waste heat storage system.

[0110] When the inlet temperature T11 of the working fluid on the heating side of condenser A10 is greater than 60℃, the heat energy of condenser A10 is transferred to the ORC power generation working fluid for power generation in the ORC power generation unit; when the inlet temperature T12 of the working fluid on the heating side of condenser B14 is greater than 40℃, the electric three-way valve A503a and c ports, fan 6, electric two-way valves 603, 605, 606, 607, and electric three-way valve D504a and b ports are opened, and the electric three-way valve A503b port, electric two-way valves 601, 602, 604, 608, 609, 610, and electric three-way valve D504c port are closed, and the heat energy of condenser B14 is stored in phase change material A801 ​​and phase change material B802 through the second waste heat storage system.

[0111] When the temperature T2 at the liquid outlet 107 is below 45℃, the outlet of electric three-way valve B501b and the inlet of electric three-way valve C502c are opened, and the outlet of electric three-way valve B501c and the inlet of electric three-way valve C502b are closed. The heat energy in phase change material A801 ​​is transferred to the heat pump working fluid to assist the heat pump in operation. The heat energy in phase change material A801 ​​exchanges heat with tap water, and the tap water after heat exchange can be used as domestic hot water. The tap water exchanges heat with phase change material B802, and the tap water after heat exchange can be used as aquaculture water.

[0112] Example:

[0113] According to national standards, the irradiation intensity used is 1000 W / m². 2 The light source, the photovoltaic panel 101, has an area of ​​20m². 2 The working fluid for the heat pump and ORC power generation unit is R245fa, which can be adjusted according to requirements. The fluid in the gas flow channel is air. Experimental tests were conducted on this system. Based on the dual-channel PVT, the power of each component is a different multiple of the PVT's power generation and heating capacity: the phase change material's thermal energy storage capacity is 1.5-2.2 times; the compressor power is 0.8-1.0 times; the heat exchanger's heat exchange capacity is 1.5-2.1 times; other accessories are selected and adjusted according to the internal proportions of each subsystem.

[0114] When there is sunlight, the photovoltaic power generation system generates electricity. The photovoltaic panels generate 3.4kW of power, which is stored in battery 2. The battery supplies power to the DC devices in the system. The total power of all DC devices is 305W. When the DC switch 4 is turned off, the remaining power in battery 2 is converted into 220V AC power by inverter 3 and supplied to the national power grid.

[0115] During the heating season, the irradiation time is 8 hours:

[0116] When the average temperature of the photovoltaic panel is less than 25℃, the electric two-way valve 601, the electric three-way valve A503a and b ports, and the fan 6 are opened, while the electric three-way valve A503c port is closed. The heat energy of the phase change material 801 is transferred to the photovoltaic panel 101 through the photovoltaic panel preheating unit to preheat the photovoltaic panel 101. The phase change material 801 has a phase change temperature of 45℃, a phase change enthalpy of 210 J / g, and a mass of 700-900 kg.

[0117] When the photovoltaic panel temperature exceeds 25℃, the mains switch 20 is closed to supply power to the compressor 9, starting the heat pump. The compressor 9 has a power of 3kW and a heat pump COP of 3 or 4. The inlet temperature T1 of the working fluid in the collector / evaporator 102 is 12℃, the mass flow rate F1 is 0.0458-0.0439kg / s, the outlet temperature T2 is 35℃-45℃, and the power is 10kW.

[0118] When the working fluid temperature T2 is below 45℃, the outlet of electric three-way valve B501b and the inlet of electric three-way valve C502c are opened, and the outlet of electric three-way valve B501c and the inlet of electric three-way valve C502b are closed, so that the heat energy of the phase change material 801 in heat exchanger 7 is transferred to the heat pump working fluid to assist the heat pump in operation.

[0119] When the inlet temperature T11 of the working fluid on the heating side of condenser A10 is between 40℃ and 60℃, and the indoor temperature T10 is less than 22℃, fan 701 is turned on to transfer the heat energy of condenser A10 to the room, raising the indoor temperature T10 to 22℃, and then fan 701 is turned off. Before the indoor temperature T10 drops from 22℃ to 18℃, the electric three-way valve A503a and c ports, fan 6, electric two-way valves 602, 604, 609, and 610, and the electric three-way valve are opened. Valves D504a and C are closed, along with the electric three-way valve A503b, electric two-way valves 601, 603, 605, 606, 607, and 608, and the electric three-way valve D504b. The heat energy of condenser A10 is stored in phase change materials 801 and 803 through the first waste heat storage system. If the indoor temperature T10 drops below 18℃, fan 701 is turned on, transferring the heat energy of condenser A10 to the indoor environment until it reaches 22℃. The air inlet temperature T15 on the heat exchange side of condenser A10 is 30℃, the mass flow rate F5 is 0.6965-0.2985 kg / s, the outlet temperature T16 is 45℃-65℃, and the power is 9-12 kW. Heat exchanger 7 has an inlet air temperature T3 of 55℃-70℃ on the heating side, a mass flow rate F2 of 0.6468-0.2577 kg / s, and a power of 5.75-7.25 kW. Heat exchanger 19 has an inlet air temperature T13 of 38℃-50℃ on the heating side, a mass flow rate F4 of 0.7463-0.2985 kg / s, and a thermal storage power of 5.25-6.75 kW. The phase change material 803 has a phase change temperature of 30℃, a phase change enthalpy of 125 J / g, and a mass of 1200-1500 kg.

[0120] When the inlet temperature T11 of the working fluid on the heating side of condenser A10 is greater than 60℃, the heat energy of condenser A10 is transferred to the working fluid of ORC power generation for power generation in the ORC power generation unit. The inlet temperature T5 of the working fluid on the heat exchange side of condenser A10 is 12℃, the mass flow rate F3 is 0.0480-0.0461kg / s, the outlet temperature T6 is 35℃-45℃, and the power is 9-12kW. The power of generator 13 is 0.54-0.72kW.

[0121] When the inlet temperature T12 of the working fluid on the heating side of condenser B14 is greater than 40℃ and the indoor temperature T10 is less than 22℃, fan 702 is turned on to transfer the heat energy of condenser B14 to the room. When the room temperature rises to 22℃, fan 702 is turned off. Before the indoor temperature T10 drops from 22℃ to 18℃, the electric three-way valve A503a and c ports, fan 6, electric two-way valves 603, 604, 609, 610, and electric three-way valve D504 are opened. With ports a and b closed, the electric three-way valve A503b port, electric two-way valves 601, 602, 605, 606, 607, 608, and electric three-way valve D504c port are shut off. The heat energy of condenser B14 is stored in phase change materials 801 and 803 through the second waste heat storage system. If the indoor temperature T10 drops below 18℃, fan 702 is turned on, transferring the heat energy of condenser B14 to the indoor environment until it reaches 22℃. The air inlet temperature T17 on the heat exchange side of condenser B14 is 30℃, the mass flow rate F6 is 0.6541-0.2803 kg / s, the outlet temperature T18 is 45℃-65℃, and the power is 9-12 kW. The heat energy in phase change material 801 exchanges heat with tap water, and the exchanged tap water can be used as domestic hot water.

[0122] At night, when the indoor temperature T10 is below 18℃, the fan 703 exchanges heat between the indoor air and the phase change material 803. When the indoor temperature T10 is greater than or equal to 22℃, the fan 703 is turned off.

[0123] During the cooling season, the irradiation time is 10 hours:

[0124] When there is sunlight and the photovoltaic panel temperature is above 25℃, the mains power switch 20 is closed to supply power to the compressor 9, starting the heat pump. The compressor 9 has a power of 3kW, and the heat pump COP is 3.4. The inlet temperature T1 of the working fluid in the collector / evaporator 102 is 12℃, the mass flow rate F1 is 0.0458-0.0439kg / s, the outlet temperature T2 is 35℃-45℃, and the power is 10kW.

[0125] When the working fluid temperature T2 is below 45℃, the outlet of electric three-way valve B501b and the inlet of electric three-way valve C502c are opened, and the outlet of electric three-way valve B501c and the inlet of electric three-way valve C502b are closed, so that the heat energy of the phase change material 801 in heat exchanger 7 is transferred to the heat pump working fluid to assist the heat pump in operation.

[0126] When the inlet temperature T11 of the working fluid on the heating side of condenser A10 is between 40℃ and 60℃, the electric three-way valves A503a and C, fan 6, electric two-way valves 602, 605, 606, 607, and electric three-way valve D504a and C are opened. The electric three-way valve A503b, electric two-way valves 601, 603, 604, 608, 609, 610, and electric three-way valve D504b are closed. The heat energy of condenser A10 is stored in the phase change material 801 of heat exchanger 7 and the phase change material 802 of heat exchanger 18 through the first waste heat storage system. The air inlet temperature T15 on the heat exchange side of condenser A10 is 21℃, the mass flow rate F5 is 0.4353-0.2374 kg / s, the outlet temperature T16 is 45℃-65℃, and the power is 9-12 kW. Heat exchanger 7 has an inlet air temperature T3 of 60℃-75℃, a mass flow rate F2 of 0.4312-0.2147 kg / s, and a power of 5.75-7.25 kW on the heating side. Heat exchanger 18 has an inlet air temperature T13 of 35℃-50℃, a mass flow rate F4 of 0.4264-0.2059 kg / s, and a power of 5.25-6.75 kW on the heating side. Phase change material 801 has a phase change temperature of 45℃, a phase change enthalpy of 210 J / g, and a mass of 900-1200 kg. Phase change material 802 has a phase change temperature of 21℃, a phase change enthalpy of 231 J / g, and a mass of 800-1000 kg.

[0127] When the inlet temperature T11 of the working fluid on the heating side of condenser A10 is greater than 60℃, the heat energy of condenser A10 is exchanged with the working fluid of ORC power generation for power generation in ORC power generation unit; the inlet temperature T5 of the working fluid on the heat exchange side of condenser A10 is 12℃, the mass flow rate F3 is 0.0481-0.0461kg / s, the outlet temperature T6 is 35℃-45℃, the power is 9-12kW, and the power of generator 13 is 0.54-0.72kW.

[0128] When the inlet temperature T12 of the working fluid on the heating side of condenser B14 is greater than or equal to 40℃, the following are activated: Electric three-way valve A503a and c ports, fan 6, electric two-way valves 603, 605, 606, 607, and electric three-way valve D504a and b ports are opened. Electric three-way valve A503b port, electric two-way valves 601, 602, 604, 608, 609, 610, and electric three-way valve D504c port are closed. The heat energy of condenser B14 is stored in the phase change material 801 of heat exchanger 7 and the phase change material 802 of heat exchanger 18 through the second waste heat storage system. The air inlet temperature T17 on the heat exchange side of condenser B14 is 21℃, the mass flow rate F6 is 0.4088-0.2230 kg / s, the outlet temperature T18 is 45℃-65℃, and the power is 9-12 kW. The heat energy in the phase change material 801 is exchanged with tap water, and the tap water after the heat exchange can be used as domestic hot water.

[0129] When the indoor temperature T10 is greater than 26℃, the electric two-way valve 608 is opened to provide cooling, so that the indoor temperature T10 drops to 23℃; if the indoor temperature T0 is less than 26℃, the electric two-way valve 608 is closed; the tap water exchanges heat with the phase change material 802, and the tap water after heat exchange can be used as aquaculture water.

[0130] During the transition period, the irradiation time is 10 hours:

[0131] When there is sunlight and the photovoltaic panel temperature is greater than 25℃, the mains power switch 20 is closed to supply power to the compressor 9, starting the heat pump. The compressor 9 has a power of 3kW, and the heat pump COP is 3.4. The inlet temperature T1 of the working fluid in the collector / evaporator 102 is 12℃, the mass flow rate F1 is 0.0458-0.0439kg / s, the outlet temperature T2 is 35℃-45℃, and the power is 10kW.

[0132] When the working fluid temperature T2 is below 45℃, the outlet of electric three-way valve B501b and the inlet of electric three-way valve C502c are opened, and the outlet of electric three-way valve B501c and the inlet of electric three-way valve C502b are closed, so that the heat energy of the phase change material 801 in heat exchanger 7 is transferred to the heat pump working fluid to assist the heat pump in operation.

[0133] When the inlet temperature T11 of the working fluid on the heating side of condenser A10 is within 40℃ to 60℃, the electric three-way valves A503a and C, fan 6, electric two-way valves 602, 605, 606, 607, and electric three-way valve D504a and C are opened, while the electric three-way valve A503b, electric two-way valves 601, 603, 604, 608, 609, 610, and electric three-way valve D504b are closed. The heat energy of condenser A10 is stored in the phase change material 801 of heat exchanger 7 and the phase change material 802 of heat exchanger 18 through the first waste heat storage system. The air inlet temperature T15 on the heat exchange side of condenser A10 is 21℃, the mass flow rate F5 is 0.4353-0.2374 kg / s, the outlet temperature T16 is 45℃-65℃, and the power is 9-12 kW. Heat exchanger 7 has an inlet air temperature T3 of 60℃-75℃, a mass flow rate F2 of 0.4312-0.2147 kg / s, and a power of 5.75-7.25 kW on the heating side. Heat exchanger 18 has an inlet air temperature T13 of 35℃-50℃, a mass flow rate F4 of 0.4264-0.2059 kg / s, and a power of 5.25-6.75 kW on the heating side. Phase change material 801 has a phase change temperature of 45℃, a phase change enthalpy of 210 J / g, and a mass of 900-1200 kg. Phase change material 802 has a phase change temperature of 21℃, a phase change enthalpy of 231 J / g, and a mass of 800-1000 kg.

[0134] When the inlet temperature T11 of the working fluid on the heating side of condenser A10 is greater than 60℃, the heat energy of condenser A10 is exchanged with the working fluid of ORC power generation for power generation in ORC power generation unit; the inlet temperature T5 of the working fluid on the heat exchange side of condenser A10 is 12℃, the mass flow rate F3 is 0.0481-0.0461kg / s, the outlet temperature T6 is 35℃-45℃, the power is 9-12kW, and the power of generator 13 is 0.54-0.72kW.

[0135] When the inlet temperature T12 of the working fluid on the heating side of condenser B14 is greater than or equal to 40℃, the following are activated: Electric three-way valve A503a and c ports, fan 6, electric two-way valves 603, 605, 606, 607, and electric three-way valve D504a and b ports are opened. Electric three-way valve A503b port, electric two-way valves 601, 602, 604, 608, 609, 610, and electric three-way valve D504c port are closed. The heat energy of condenser B14 is stored in the phase change material 801 of heat exchanger 7 and the phase change material 802 of heat exchanger 18 through the second waste heat storage system. The air inlet temperature T17 on the heat exchange side of condenser B14 is 21℃, the mass flow rate F6 is 0.4088-0.2230 kg / s, the outlet temperature T18 is 45℃-65℃, and the power is 9-12 kW.

[0136] The heat energy in phase change material 801 exchanges heat with tap water, and the tap water after heat exchange can be used as domestic hot water; the heat energy in phase change material 802 exchanges heat with tap water, and the tap water after heat exchange can be used as aquaculture water.

Claims

1. A comprehensive energy cascade utilization system based on dual-channel PV / T, characterized in that, This includes photovoltaic power generation systems, photovoltaic panel preheating units, solar thermal power generation systems, waste heat storage systems, and intelligent control systems. The photovoltaic power generation system includes a PV / T module (1), a battery (2) and an inverter (3) connected in sequence, and a DC switch (4) is provided between the battery (2) and the inverter (3). The PV / T module includes a photovoltaic panel (101), a heat collector / evaporator (102), and a glass shell (103). The glass shell (103) has an air inlet (104) and an air outlet (105) at both ends. The heat collector / evaporator (102) has a liquid inlet (106) and a liquid outlet (107) at both ends. The photovoltaic panel preheating unit consists of a series-connected PV / T module (1), an adjustable-speed pipe fan A (6), a heat exchanger A (7), an electric three-way valve A (503), and an electric two-way valve A (601); the heat exchanger A (7) contains a phase change material A (801). The solar thermal power generation system consists of a series-connected PV / T module (1), an electric three-way valve B (501), a heat exchanger A (7), an electric three-way valve C (502), a compressor (9), a condenser A (10), and a throttle valve (15), and also includes an ORC power generation unit; The ORC power generation unit consists of an expander (12), a condenser (14), and a working fluid pump (11) connected in series with the condenser A (10); the expander (12) is connected to a generator (13); the generator (13) is connected to a grid-connected controller (16); the grid-connected controller (16) sends the electricity generated by the ORC power generation unit into the national power grid. The waste heat storage system is divided into a first waste heat storage system and a second waste heat storage system, which are mainly composed of phase change material A (801) in heat exchanger A (7), phase change material B (802) in heat exchanger B (18) and phase change material C (803) in heat exchanger C (19); The phase change material A (801) has a phase change temperature of 42℃-48℃; the phase change material B (802) has a phase change temperature of 18℃-24℃; and the phase change material C (803) has a phase change temperature of 27℃-33℃. The intelligent control system includes a controller (17) and corresponding sensors, flow meters, various switches and corresponding valves; Different control strategies are implemented during the heating season, cooling season, and transition period; 1) Heating season: When the average temperature of the photovoltaic panel is less than 25°C, open the electric two-way valve A (601), the electric three-way valve A (503) port a and port b, and the fan A (6), and close the electric three-way valve A (503) port c. The heat energy of the phase change material A (801) is transferred to the photovoltaic panel (101) through the photovoltaic panel preheating unit to preheat the photovoltaic panel. When the average temperature of the photovoltaic panel (101) exceeds 25°C, the heat pump is turned on; If the inlet temperature of the working fluid on the heating side of condenser A (10) is 40-60℃ and the indoor temperature is less than 22℃, turn on fan B (701) to transfer the heat energy of condenser A (10) to the room, so that the indoor temperature rises to 22℃, and then turn off fan B (701). Before the indoor temperature drops from 22℃ to 18℃, open the electric three-way valve A (503) port a and port c, fan A (6), electric two-way valves B, D, I, J (602, 604, 609, 610) and electric three-way valve D (504) port a and port c, and close the electric three-way valve A (503) port b, electric two-way valves A, C, E, F, G, H (601, 603, 605, 606, 607, 608) and electric three-way valve D (504) port b, and store the heat energy of condenser A (10) in phase change material A (801) and phase change material C (803) through the first waste heat storage system; If the indoor temperature drops below 18°C, fan B (701) will be turned on, and the heat energy of condenser A (10) will be transferred to the indoor environment until it reaches 22°C. If the inlet temperature of the working fluid on the heating side of condenser A (10) is greater than 60°C, the heat energy of condenser A (10) is transferred to the working fluid of ORC power generation for power generation in ORC power generation unit. If the inlet temperature of the working fluid on the heating side of condenser B (14) is greater than 40°C and the indoor temperature is less than 22°C, fan C (702) is turned on to transfer the heat energy of condenser B (14) to the room. When the room temperature rises to 22°C, fan C (702) is turned off. Before the indoor temperature drops from 22℃ to 18℃, open the electric three-way valve A (503) port a and port c, fan A (6), electric two-way valves C, D, I, J (603, 604, 609, 610) and electric three-way valve D (504) port a and port b, and close the electric three-way valve A (503) port b, electric two-way valves A, B, E, F, G, H (601, 602, 605, 606, 607, 608) and electric three-way valve D (504) port c, and store the heat energy of condenser B (14) in phase change material A (801) and phase change material C (803) through the second waste heat storage system; If the indoor temperature drops below 18°C, then fan C (702) will be turned on, and the heat energy of condenser B (14) will be transferred to the indoor environment until it reaches 22°C. If the temperature of the liquid flow channel outlet (107) is lower than 45℃, open the outlet of electric three-way valve B (501)b and the inlet of electric three-way valve C (502)c, and close the outlet of electric three-way valve B (501)c and the inlet of electric three-way valve C (502)b to transfer the heat energy in phase change material A (801) to the heat pump working fluid and assist the heat pump in operation; the heat energy in phase change material A (801) exchanges heat with tap water, and the tap water after heat exchange can be used as domestic hot water; If the indoor temperature is below 18℃ at night, the fan D (703) will exchange heat between the indoor air and the phase change material C (803). When the indoor temperature is greater than or equal to 22℃, the fan D (703) will be turned off. 2) Cooling period: When the average temperature of the photovoltaic panel (101) exceeds 25°C, the heat pump is turned on; If the inlet temperature of the working fluid on the heating side of condenser A (10) is 40-60℃, open the electric three-way valve A (503) port a and port c, fan A (6), electric two-way valves B, E, F, G (602, 605, 606, 607), electric three-way valve D (504) port a and port c, and close the electric three-way valve A (503) port b, electric two-way valves A, C, D, H, I, J (601, 603, 604, 608, 609, 610), electric three-way valve D (504) port b, and store the heat energy of condenser A (10) in phase change material A (801) and phase change material B (802) through the first waste heat storage system; If the inlet temperature of the working fluid on the heating side of condenser A (10) is greater than 60°C, the heat energy of condenser A (10) is transferred to the working fluid of ORC power generation for power generation in ORC power generation unit. If the inlet temperature of the working fluid on the heating side of condenser B (14) is greater than 40℃, open the electric three-way valve A (503) port a and port c, fan A (6), electric two-way valves C, E, F, G (603, 605, 606, 607), electric three-way valve D (504) port a and port b, and close the electric three-way valve A (503) port b, electric two-way valves A, B, D, H, I, J (601, 602, 604, 608, 609, 610), electric three-way valve D (504) port c, and store the heat energy of condenser B (14) in phase change material A (801) and phase change material B (802) through the second waste heat storage system; If the indoor temperature is greater than 26℃, the electric two-way valve (608) will be opened to provide cooling and lower the indoor temperature to 23℃. If the indoor temperature is less than 26℃, close the electric two-way valve (608). If the temperature of the liquid flow channel outlet (107) is lower than 45℃, open the outlet of electric three-way valve B (501)b and the inlet of electric three-way valve C (502)c, and close the outlet of electric three-way valve B (501)c and the inlet of electric three-way valve C (502)b to transfer the heat energy in phase change material A (801) to the heat pump working fluid and assist the heat pump in operation; the heat energy in phase change material A (801) exchanges heat with tap water, and the tap water after heat exchange can be used as domestic hot water; the tap water exchanges heat with phase change material B (802), and the tap water after heat exchange can be used as aquaculture water; 3) Transition period: When the average temperature of the photovoltaic panel (101) exceeds 25°C, the heat pump is turned on; If the inlet temperature of the working fluid on the heating side of condenser A (10) is within 40-60℃, open the electric three-way valve A (503) port a and port c, fan A (6), electric two-way valves B, E, F, G (602, 605, 606, 607), electric three-way valve D (504) port a and port c, and close the electric three-way valve A (503) port b, electric two-way valves A, C, D, H, I, J (601, 603, 604, 608, 609, 610), electric three-way valve D (504) port b, and store the heat energy of condenser A (10) in phase change material A (801) and phase change material B (802) through the first waste heat storage system; If the inlet temperature of the working fluid on the heating side of condenser A (10) is greater than 60°C, the heat energy of condenser A (10) is transferred to the working fluid of ORC power generation for power generation in ORC power generation unit. If the inlet temperature of the working fluid on the heating side of condenser B (14) is greater than 40℃, open the electric three-way valve A (503) port a and port c, fan A (6), electric two-way valves C, E, F, G (603, 605, 606, 607), electric three-way valve D (504) port a and port b, and close the electric three-way valve A (503) port b, electric two-way valves A, B, D, H, I, J (601, 602, 604, 608, 609, 610), electric three-way valve D (504) port c, and store the heat energy of condenser B (14) in phase change material A (801) and phase change material B (802) through the second waste heat storage system; If the temperature of the liquid flow channel outlet (107) is lower than 45℃, open the outlet of electric three-way valve B (501)b and the inlet of electric three-way valve C (502)c, and close the outlet of electric three-way valve B (501)c and the inlet of electric three-way valve C (502)b to transfer the heat energy in phase change material A (801) to the heat pump working fluid and assist the heat pump in operation; the heat energy in phase change material A (801) exchanges heat with tap water, and the tap water after heat exchange can be used as domestic hot water; the tap water exchanges heat with phase change material B (802), and the tap water after heat exchange can be used as aquaculture water; The first waste heat storage system includes a PV / T component (1), an adjustable speed pipe fan A (6) connected to the PV / T component (1), a heat exchanger A (7) connected to the adjustable speed pipe fan A (6), an electric three-way valve A (503) connected to the heat exchanger A (7), an electric two-way valve D (604) and an electric two-way valve F (606) connected to the outlet of the electric three-way valve A (503), a heat exchanger B (18) connected to the electric two-way valve F (606), and an electric two-way valve G (607) and an electric two-way valve H (606) connected to the heat exchanger B (18). 8) Electric two-way valve E (605) and electric two-way valve I (609) connected to the electric two-way valve D (604) / electric two-way valve G (607), heat exchanger C (19) connected to the electric two-way valve I (609), electric two-way valve J (610) connected to the heat exchanger C (19), electric three-way valve D (504) connected to the electric two-way valve E (605) / electric two-way valve J (610), condenser A (10) connected to the outlet of the electric three-way valve D (504), and electric two-way valve B (602) connected to the condenser A (10). The second waste heat storage system includes a PV / T module (1), an adjustable speed pipe fan A (6) connected to the PV / T module (1), a heat exchanger A (7) connected to the adjustable speed pipe fan A (6), an electric three-way valve A (503) connected to the heat exchanger A (7), an electric two-way valve B (604) and an electric two-way valve F (606) connected to the outlet of the electric three-way valve A (503), a heat exchanger B (18) connected to the electric two-way valve F (606), and an electric two-way valve G (607) and an electric two-way valve H (606) connected to the heat exchanger B (18). 8) Electric two-way valve E (605) and electric two-way valve I (609) connected to the electric two-way valve D (604) / electric two-way valve G (607), heat exchanger C (19) connected to the electric two-way valve I (609), electric two-way valve J (610) connected to the heat exchanger C (19), electric three-way valve D (504) connected to the electric two-way valve E (605) / electric two-way valve J (610), condenser B (14) connected to the outlet of the electric three-way valve D (504), and electric two-way valve C (603) connected to the condenser B (14).

2. The integrated energy cascade utilization system based on dual-channel PV / T as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The photovoltaic panel (101) is coated or covered with a thin layer (108) of full-spectrum coating. The heat exchange power of the collector / evaporator (102) is 2.74-3.12 times that of the photovoltaic panel (101); the DC power in the battery (2) is supplied to the temperature sensors T1-T18, flow meters F1-F6, adjustable speed pipe fan A (6), other fans B, C, D (701-703), electric two-way valve AJ (601-610), and the controller DC load respectively; when the DC switch (4) is turned off, the remaining power in the battery (2) is converted into 220V AC power by the inverter (3) and supplied to the national power grid; Temperature sensor T1 is used to monitor the temperature of the liquid flow channel inlet (106); temperature sensor T2 is used to monitor the temperature of the liquid flow channel outlet (107); temperature sensor T3 is used to monitor the inlet temperature of the air source side of heat exchanger (7); temperature sensor T4 is used to monitor the outlet temperature of the air source side of heat exchanger (7); temperature sensor T5 is used to monitor the inlet temperature of the working fluid on the heat exchange side of condenser A (10); temperature sensor T6 is used to monitor the outlet temperature of the working fluid on the heat exchange side of condenser A (10); temperature sensors T7-T9 are used to monitor the average temperature of photovoltaic panel (101); temperature sensor T10 is used to monitor the indoor temperature; temperature sensor T11 is used to monitor the inlet temperature of the working fluid on the heating side of condenser A (10); temperature sensor T12 is used to monitor the inlet temperature of the working fluid on the heating side of condenser B (14); temperature sensor T13 is used to monitor the inlet temperature of the air source side of heat exchangers B and C (18-19); temperature sensor T14 is used to monitor the air source side outlet temperature of heat exchangers B and C (18-19); temperature sensor T15 is used to monitor the air inlet temperature on the heat exchange side of condenser A (10); temperature sensor T16 is used to monitor the air outlet temperature on the heat exchange side of condenser A (10); temperature sensor T17 is used to monitor the air inlet temperature on the heat exchange side of condenser B (14); temperature sensor T18 is used to monitor the air outlet temperature on the heat exchange side of condenser B (14); flow meter F1 The flow meter F2 is used to monitor the flow rate at the liquid inlet (106); the flow meter F3 is used to monitor the inlet flow rate at the air source side of the heat exchanger (7); the flow meter F4 is used to monitor the inlet flow rate at the heat exchange side of the condenser A (10); the flow meter F5 is used to monitor the inlet flow rate at the air source side of the heat exchangers B and C (18-19); the flow meter F6 is used to monitor the inlet flow rate at the air source side of the condenser A (10); and the flow meter F6 is used to monitor the inlet flow rate at the air source side of the condenser B (14).

3. The integrated energy cascade utilization system based on dual-channel PV / T as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The power of the compressor (9) is 0.82-0.92 times that of the photovoltaic panel (101); the heat exchange power of the condenser A (10) is 2.65-3.53 times that of the photovoltaic panel (101); the power output of the generator (13) is 0.16-0.21 times that of the photovoltaic panel (101); and the heat exchange power of the condenser B (14) is 2.65-3.53 times that of the photovoltaic panel (101).

4. The integrated energy cascade utilization system based on dual-channel PV / T according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power of phase change material A (801) is 1.69-2.13 times that of photovoltaic panel (101); the power of phase change material B (802) is 1.54-1.99 times that of photovoltaic panel (101); and the power of phase change material C (803) is 1.54-1.99 times that of photovoltaic panel (101).

5. The integrated energy cascade utilization system based on dual-channel PV / T according to claim 1, characterized in that, The controller (17) is connected to temperature sensors T1-T18, flow meters F1-F6, adjustable-speed pipe fan A (6), other fans B, C, D (701-703), electric two-way valve AJ (601-610), electric three-way valves B, C, A, D (501-504), mains switch (20), DC switch (4), and working fluid pump (11); the adjustable-speed pipe fan A (6) is used to discharge PV / T components ( 1) Hot air in the condenser; the fan B (701) is a fan built into the condenser A (10); the fan C (702) is a fan built into the condenser B (14); the fan D (703) is used for heat exchange between indoor air and phase change material C (803); the mains switch (20) controls the mains power to the compressor (9); the DC switch (4) controls the DC power between the battery (2) and the inverter (3).

6. The integrated energy cascade utilization system based on dual-channel PV / T according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power of each component is a different multiple of the PVT's power generation and heating capacity: The thermal energy storage capacity of phase change materials is 1.5-2.2 times that of compressors; the power of compressors is 0.8-1.0 times that of heat exchangers; and the heat exchange power of heat exchangers is 2.6-3.6 times that of phase change materials.

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