An on-line detection method for the taper size of large workpieces

Abstract

The present invention introduces an on-line detection method for the taper surface dimensions of large workpieces. The specific steps are as follows: S1: Calculate the taper angle α according to the drawing dimensions; S2: Measure the relevant dimensions of the sine bar and the right-angle caliper; S3: Calculate and machine the gauge blocks; S4: Calculate the theoretical distance L0 through computer measurement according to the geometric relationship; S5: Measure the actual distance L1; S6: Compare the actual distance L1 with the theoretical distance L0. If it is within the tolerance requirements, it indicates that the taper of the part is qualified; S7: Measure the actual small-end diameter D of the taper surface of the workpiece 小 and the taper surface length L 锥 . If the measured values are within the drawing and tolerance requirements, it is determined that all dimensions of the taper surface meet the processing requirements. The present invention uses general measuring tools such as sine bars, right-angle calipers, micrometers, etc., which are simple and fast to operate, are universal for different tapers, and avoid the clamping accuracy errors and time consumption caused by the up-and-down machine tool detection of workpieces.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of large workpiece detection, and particularly relates to an on-line detection method for the conical surface dimensions of large workpieces. Background Art

[0002] Both ends of the large circle of some shaft workpieces are structures with conical surfaces. Since inner and outer round corners are machined at both ends of the conical surface, it is impossible to directly measure the conical surface dimensions by measuring the diameters at both ends of the conical surface. Instead, it is necessary to indirectly measure the taper on the conical surface for inspection.

[0003] In the actual machining process, the angle and dimension detection of the conical surface of small workpieces are often carried out by using conical gauges, angle templates, sine gauges, etc. However, it is very inconvenient to detect the conical surface dimensions of large workpieces. The traditional sine gauge inspection method is to place the sine gauge on a precision flat plate, place the workpiece on the plane of the sine gauge, and insert a gauge block group under the sine gauge to ensure that the conical surface on the workpiece is parallel to the flat plate. Then, use a micrometer to measure the heights at both ends of the conical body of the workpiece. If the readings are the same, it means that the conical angle is correct. However, this method is only applicable to small workpieces. For large workpieces, such as those with a total length of 4632 mm, a weight of 36330 Kg, conical surfaces at both ends of the large circle, diameters at both ends of the conical surface of 860.3 mm and 977 mm respectively, and a conical surface length of 659 mm, where the tolerance of the conical surface diameter is required to be ±0.2 mm. Usually, it is necessary to customize special tooling in advance to inspect the conical surface. However, special tooling and measuring tools have the disadvantages of high cost, long manufacturing cycle, and poor applicability. They can only detect specific tapers. Once the taper of the workpiece changes, it is necessary to customize a new detection tooling again. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide an on-line detection method for the conical surface dimensions of large workpieces, which can quickly measure and detect at low cost and in a short cycle.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] An on-line detection method for the conical surface dimensions of large workpieces, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0007] S1: According to the drawing dimensions, calculate the conical surface angle α = arctan((D 大 - D 小 ) / 2L 锥 ) according to the geometric relationship of the large and small end diameters D 大 and D 小 and the length L 锥 ), with an accuracy of not less than 0.001°;

[0008] S2: Measure the diameter D of the cylinders of the sine bar, the center distance L between the two cylinders, the height H0 of the sine bar, as well as the inner edge length A of the short side and the inner edge length B of the long side of the right-angle caliper; the accuracy of each measured value shall not be lower than 0.001 mm;

[0009] S3: Calculate the height H1 of the gauge block according to the formula H1 = sin(α×2)×L, and manufacture a cube or cuboid gauge block with a height of H1; the dimensional accuracy of the height H1 during the calculation and processing process shall not be lower than 0.001 mm;

[0010] S4: According to the geometric relationship, by means of computer drawing, respectively measure the theoretical distance L0 between the top surface of the sine bar and the lower conical surface of the part when the vertical distance between the cylinder of the sine bar and the end face of the small end of the conical surface in the drawing is the inner edge length A of the short side of the right-angle caliper, and the theoretical distance L0 between the top surface of the sine bar and the lower conical surface of the part when the vertical distance between the cylinder of the sine bar and the end face of the small end of the conical surface in the drawing is the inner edge length B of the long side of the right-angle caliper * , and the dimensional accuracy shall not be lower than 0.001 mm;

[0011] S5: Place the machined gauge block on the outer edge of the upper side of the workpiece, place one cylinder of the sine bar on the upper end face of the gauge block, and the other cylinder on the outer edge of the large end of the conical surface of the workpiece; press the inner edge of one side of the right-angle caliper against the end face of the small end of the conical surface, and the other side faces the large end of the conical surface; adjust the positions of the gauge block and the sine bar, and the end face of the side of the right-angle caliper facing the large end of the conical surface is tangent to the cylinder of the sine bar on the gauge block, that is, the distance from the end face of the small end of the conical surface to the tangent point of the cylinder of the sine bar is the inner edge length of the side of the right-angle caliper facing the large end of the conical surface. At this time, the top surface of the sine bar is parallel to the lower side of the workpiece, and use a micrometer to measure the actual distance L1 between the top surface of the sine bar and the lower side of the workpiece;

[0012] S6: Select the data corresponding to the measurement position of the right-angle caliper in S5 from the theoretical distances L0 and L0 * and compare them with the actual distance L1 between the top surface of the sine bar and the lower conical surface of the part. If it is within the tolerance requirements, it indicates that the taper of the part is qualified;

[0013] S7: Measure the actual small-end diameter D 小 and the conical length L 锥 of the workpiece. If the measured values are within the range of the drawing and the tolerance requirements, it is judged that all the dimensions of the conical surface meet the processing requirements.

[0014] Specifically, after completing one measurement of L1 in S5, flip the right-angle caliper, swap the positions of the two sides of the right-angle caliper, and adjust the positions of the gauge block and the sine bar. According to the method of S5, measure the actual distance L2 at another point of the workpiece; compare L2 with the corresponding theoretical distance. If the measurement is qualified, it indicates that the taper re-inspection of the workpiece meets the processing requirements.

[0015] Due to the adoption of the technical solution described above, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0016] The present invention uses general measuring tools such as sine bars, right-angle calipers, micrometers, etc. After simply processing gauge blocks, it can perform on-line inspection on the relevant dimensions of the tapered surface of large workpieces, with the maximum accuracy reaching 0.01° or 0.01 mm; the operation is simple and fast, and it is universal for different tapers. It can directly detect the workpiece on the lathe during the processing, avoiding the clamping accuracy error and time consumption caused by the workpiece being loaded and unloaded from the machine tool for inspection; by comparing the actual distance between the top surface of the sine bar and the lower side surface of the workpiece part with the theoretical distance, it can further determine whether the tapered surface diameter size at the length from the small end face of the tapered surface is too large or too small, providing a reference for the further processing of unqualified workpieces. Description of the Drawings

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a workpiece with a tapered surface support roll of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the tapered surface part during the measurement of the embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] In the figure: 1 - workpiece, 2 - right-angle caliper, 3 - gauge block, 4 - sine bar. Specific Embodiments

[0020] The present invention will be further explained below in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments. The protection scope of the present invention cannot be limited thereby. The purpose of disclosing the present invention is to protect all technical improvements within the scope of the present invention.

[0021] As Figure 1 shown, taking the workpiece with a tapered surface support roll as an example, the drawing dimensions of the tapered surface part are large and small end diameters D 大 、D 小 are 977 mm and 860.3 mm respectively, the tapered surface length L 锥 is 659 mm, and the tapered surface diameter tolerance requirement is ±0.2 mm; there is a transition fillet at the large end of the tapered surface, and it is impossible to directly measure the diameter dimension accurately at this place.

[0022] Combined with Figure 1-2 shown, an on-line inspection method for the tapered surface dimensions of a large workpiece is as follows. The specific steps are:

[0023] S1: According to the drawing dimensions, calculate the tapered surface angle α = arctan((977 - 860.3) / (2×659)) = 5.060° according to the geometric relationship of the large and small end diameters D 大 、D 小 and the length L 锥 .

[0024] S2: Measure the diameter D = 30 mm of the cylinders of the sine bar, the center distance L = 200 mm between the two cylinders, the height H0 = 53.770 mm of the sine bar, and the inner side length A of the short side and the inner side length B of the long side of the right-angle caliper, which are 242.800 mm and 405.000 mm respectively; the accuracy of each measured value is not less than 0.001 mm.

[0025] S3: Calculate the height H1 of the gauge block according to the formula H1 = sin(α×2)×L, where H1 = sin(5.060×2)×200 = 35.142 mm, and make a cube or cuboid gauge block with a height of 35.142 mm; the dimensional accuracy of the height H1 during the calculation and processing process is not less than 0.001 mm.

[0026] S4: According to the geometric relationship, by means of computer drawing, measure respectively the theoretical distance L0 = 991.334 ± 0.02 mm between the top surface of the sine bar and the lower conical surface of the part when the vertical distance between the cylinder of the sine bar and the end face of the small end of the conical surface is the inner side length A of the short side of the right-angle caliper, and the theoretical distance L0 * = 1019.946 ± 0.02 mm between the top surface of the sine bar and the lower conical surface of the part when the vertical distance between the cylinder of the sine bar and the end face of the small end of the conical surface is the inner side length B of the long side of the right-angle caliper; the dimensional accuracy should not be less than 0.001 mm;

[0027] S5: As Figure 2 shown, place the processed gauge block on the outer edge of the upper side of the workpiece, place one cylinder of the sine bar on the upper end face of the gauge block, and the other cylinder on the outer edge of the large end of the conical surface of the workpiece; press the inner side of the long side of the right-angle caliper against the end face of the small end of the conical surface, and the short side faces the large end of the conical surface; adjust the positions of the gauge block and the sine bar so that the end face of the short side of the right-angle caliper is tangent to the cylinder of the sine bar on the gauge block, that is, the distance from the end face of the small end of the conical surface to the tangent point with the cylinder of the sine bar is the inner side length A of the short side of the right-angle caliper, which is 242.800. At this time, the top surface of the sine bar is parallel to the lower side of the workpiece, and use a micrometer to measure the actual distance L1 = 991.341 mm between the top surface of the sine bar and the lower side of the workpiece.

[0028] S6: Compare the actual distance L1 = 991.341 mm between the top surface of the sine bar and the lower conical surface of the part with the theoretical distance L0 = 991.334 ± 0.02 mm. Within the tolerance requirements, it indicates that the taper of the part is qualified.

[0029] S7: Measure the actual small end diameter D 小 and the conical surface length L 锥 of the workpiece. If there is an external fillet at the small end during processing, the measurement should be carried out before processing the fillet. If the measured values are within the drawing and tolerance requirements, it is judged that all dimensions of the conical surface meet the processing requirements.

[0030] Preferably, after completing an L1 measurement in S5, flip the right-angle caliper, swap the positions of both sides of the right-angle caliper, and adjust the position of the gauge block and sine bar. According to the method of S5, measure the actual distance L2 at another point of the workpiece; compare L2 with the theoretical distance L0 * = 1019.946 ± 0.02 mm. If the measurement is qualified, it indicates that the taper re-inspection of the workpiece meets the processing requirements.

[0031] The parts not detailed in the present invention are prior art.

[0032] The embodiments selected herein for the purpose of disclosing the object of the present invention are considered to be suitable at present. However, it should be understood that the present invention is intended to cover all variations and improvements of all embodiments falling within the scope of this concept and invention.

Claims

1. An on-line inspection method for the taper size of a large workpiece, characterized in that: It includes the following specific steps: S1: Calculate the taper angle α = arctan((D 大 - D 小 ) / 2L 锥 ) according to the geometric relationship of the large and small end diameters D 大 and D 小 and the length L 锥 ), with an accuracy not less than 0.001°; S2: Measure the cylinder diameter D of the sine bar, the center distance L between the two cylinders, the height H0 of the sine bar, and the inner side length A of the short side and the inner side length B of the long side of the right-angle caliper; the accuracy of each measured value is not less than 0.001 mm; S3: Calculate the height H1 of the gauge block according to the formula H1 = sin(α×2)×L, and manufacture a cube or cuboid gauge block with a height of H1; the dimensional accuracy of the height H1 during the calculation and processing process is not less than 0.001 mm; S4: According to the geometric relationship, by means of computer drawing, respectively measure the theoretical distances L0 and L0 between the top surface of the sine bar and the lower conical surface of the part in the drawing * , where L0 is the value when the vertical distance between the sine bar cylinder and the end face of the small end of the conical surface is the inner edge length A of the short side of the right-angle caliper, and L0 * is the value when the vertical distance between the sine bar cylinder and the end face of the small end of the conical surface is the inner edge length B of the long side of the right-angle caliper, and the dimensional accuracy is not less than 0.001 mm; S5: Place the machined gauge block on the upper outer edge of the workpiece. One cylinder of the sine bar is placed on the upper end face of the gauge block, and the other cylinder is located on the outer edge of the large end of the workpiece taper surface. Press the inner side of one side of the right-angle caliper against the end face of the small end of the taper surface, and the other side faces the large end of the taper surface. Adjust the positions of the gauge block and the sine bar so that the end face of the side of the right-angle caliper facing the large end of the taper surface is tangent to the sine bar cylinder on the gauge block, that is, the distance from the end face of the small end of the taper surface to the tangent point of the sine bar cylinder is the inner side length of the side of the right-angle caliper facing the large end of the taper surface. At this time, the top surface of the sine bar is parallel to the lower side of the workpiece, and use a micrometer to measure the actual distance L1 between the top surface of the sine bar and the lower side of the workpiece; S6: Select the theoretical distances L0 and L0 * Compare the data corresponding to the measurement position of the vernier caliper in S5 with the actual distance L1 between the top surface of the sine bar and the lower conical surface of the part. If it is within the tolerance requirements, it indicates that the taper of the part is qualified; S7: Measure the actual small end diameter D of the tapered surface of the workpiece 小 and the length L of the tapered surface 锥 , if the measured values are within the range of the drawing and tolerance requirements, it is judged that all dimensions of the tapered surface meet the machining requirements.

2. The on-line inspection method for the taper surface size of large workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the L1 measurement is completed in S5, flip the right-angle caliper, swap the positions of the two sides of the right-angle caliper, and adjust the positions of the gauge block and the sine bar. According to the method of S5, measure the actual distance L2 at another point of the workpiece. Compare L2 with the corresponding theoretical distance. If the measurement is qualified, it indicates that the taper re-inspection of the workpiece meets the processing requirements.

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