An environmentally friendly coating agent and coating method for Rhodiola rosea seeds in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Abstract

The present invention provides a Rhodiola rosea seed coating agent, which is prepared from the following raw materials in weight ratio: 2800 parts of inorganic mineral materials, 700 parts of organic matter, 24-40 parts of composite bacterial agents, 400 parts of water retaining agents, 8 parts of adhesives, 1.6-4 parts of plant growth regulators, 0-12.6 parts of antifreeze agents, and 400 parts of water. The present invention also provides a Rhodiola rosea seed coating method. The coating agent of the present invention can effectively improve the germination rate of Rhodiola rosea seeds, promote seedling growth, improve the quality of seedlings, and resist diseases and low temperature frost damage, and has good promotion and application value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of seed coating, and particularly relates to an environmentally friendly Rhodiola rosea seed coating agent and a coating method for the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Background Art

[0002] Rhodiola crenulata (HK.f.et Thoms.) H.Ohba is a perennial herbaceous plant of the genus Rhodiola in the Crassulaceae family. It is mainly distributed on the gravel beach or in the cracks of rocks in the high-altitude mountainous areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The whole plant can be used as medicine and is the best among the Rhodiola rosea. With the increasing market demand, the wild resources of Rhodiola crenulata have been plundered. In addition, Rhodiola crenulata itself grows slowly, has a very low seed germination rate, and poor seedlings. It is urgent to increase the resource stock through artificial means.

[0003] However, artificial cultivation also faces the problem of low seed germination rate. The seeds of Rhodiola rosea are obovate, with wings at both ends, 1.5 to 2 mm long, 0.4 to 0.6 mm wide, and the thousand-grain weight is generally 0.10 to 0.14 grams. Seed collection and single seed sowing are both difficult. How to improve the seed germination rate, ensure the quality of seedling germination, and save seeds is an important issue facing the cultivation and wild cultivation of Rhodiola rosea.

[0004] Seed coating technology refers to a seed processing technology that embeds a layer of filling materials with special effects on the surface of seeds to achieve specific functions. According to the changes in the volume and shape of the coated seeds, the coating methods are divided into two types: seed coating and seed pelleting. Among them, seed pelleting is based on seed coating, adding active ingredients to improve the quality of seed germination, and adding filling materials that are harmless to the seeds. After the materials are fully mixed, they are evenly embedded on the surface of the seeds, forming seeds of moderate size and uniformity, and regular shape that can be used for mechanized precision sowing. The shape of the pelleted seeds is basically spherical or elliptical, and the volume and mass increase is generally large. It is mainly used for precision sowing of small seeds or irregular seeds.

[0005] Due to the different needs of different plants, the physiological and biochemical characteristics of different seed germination are different. In order to achieve the purpose of promoting seed germination and increasing the yield of effective parts, it is necessary to develop suitable coating agents for treatment according to different seeds. Publication No. CN112624846A, the invention name is "Highland Seed Coating Agent and Its Preparation Method and Application", discloses a highland seed coating agent, whose ingredients include: 27-35 parts of medicament, 35-45 parts of micro-fertilizer, 195-205 parts of phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 0.6-1.5 parts of plant growth regulator, 2000-3000 parts of water retaining agent, 200-300 parts of antifreeze, 100-200 parts of penetrant, 100-300 parts of film-forming agent, 250-500 parts of adhesive and 10000-15000 parts of filler, suitable for the growth of forage seeds in plateau areas. At present, there is no relevant research on the coating of Rhodiola rosea seeds. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides an environmentally friendly Rhodiola rosea seed coating agent suitable for the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

[0007] The present invention provides a Rhodiola rosea seed coating agent, which is prepared from the following raw materials in weight ratio:

[0008] 2800 parts of inorganic mineral materials, 700 parts of organic matter, 24-40 parts of composite bacterial agents, 400 parts of water retaining agents, 8 parts of adhesives, 1.6-4 parts of plant growth regulators, 0-12.6 parts of antifreeze agents, and 400 parts of water;

[0009] The composite bacterial agent comprises Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis; and the plant growth regulator comprises brassinolide and diethylaminoethyl ester.

[0010] Furthermore, it is prepared from raw materials in the following weight ratio:

[0011] 2800 parts of inorganic mineral materials, 700 parts of organic matter, 24 parts of composite bacterial agents, 400 parts of water retaining agents, 8 parts of adhesives, 1.6 parts of plant growth regulators, 0-12.6 parts of antifreeze agents, and 400 parts of water.

[0012] The composite bacterial agent comprises the following components in a weight ratio: 1 part of Trichoderma harzianum and 1 part of Bacillus subtilis.

[0013] The plant growth regulator comprises the following ingredients in the following weight ratio: 1 part of brassinolide and 1 part of diethylaminoethyl ester.

[0014] Wherein, the inorganic mineral material is composed of raw materials in the following weight ratio: 1 part of talc powder and 1 part of vermiculite powder.

[0015] Wherein, the organic matter is decomposed cow dung; the water retaining agent is a highly absorbent resin; the adhesive is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose; and the antifreeze agent is glycerol.

[0016] Preferably, it is prepared from raw materials in the following weight ratio:

[0017] 1400 parts of talcum powder, 1400 parts of vermiculite powder, 700 parts of decomposed cow dung, 12 parts of Trichoderma harzianum, 12 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 400 parts of super absorbent resin, 8 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 2 parts of brassinolide, 2 parts of aminoethyl hexanoate, 12.6 parts of glycerol, and 400 parts of purified water.

[0018] The present invention also provides a method for coating Rhodiola rosea seeds, which comprises the following steps:

[0019] a. Take the seeds of Rhodiola rosea and clean them for later use;

[0020] b. Preparation of powder: Take the above inorganic mineral materials, organic matter, compound bacteria, water-retaining agent, plant growth regulator, mix and crush;

[0021] c. Prepare the binder solution: Take the above antifreeze, dissolve it in pure water, add the binder, and dissolve it;

[0022] d. Pelletizing: Take the above seeds, put them into a pelletizing coating machine, rotate them, and alternately add the binder solution and the pelletizing powder, and continue to cycle to obtain pelletized seeds;

[0023] e. Dry the pelletized seeds.

[0024] Wherein, in step d, the weight ratio of seeds to pelletized powder is 1:39; and / or, the particle size of the pelletized seeds is 1.0 to 2.0 mm.

[0025] Wherein, in step e, the drying temperature is 35° C. and the drying time is 4 to 8 hours.

[0026] The inventors have used naked seeds of Rhodiola rosea for wild cultivation and found that only some seeds can germinate, but the germination rate is low and the quality of germination is poor, the growth rate is slow, and the seedlings cannot survive the winter normally. The method of transplanting seedlings has the problem of extremely low work efficiency, which is not conducive to the expansion of Rhodiola rosea cultivation.

[0027] Based on this, the inventors have fully considered the special conditions of the plateau wild environment (rock slope) and developed the seed coating agent of the present invention. The seed coating agent of the present invention has the following advantages: (1) It solves the problem that the seeds of Rhodiola rosea are too small to be accurately sown in daily planting or wild cultivation, which greatly saves the amount of seeds used; (2) It effectively guarantees the rapid germination and growth of Rhodiola rosea under low temperature conditions, and can prevent the early diseases from invading the seedlings, with a good seedling rate and high rhizome yield; (3) All coating and pelleting materials are environmentally friendly, and no toxic and harmful fungicides and pesticides are used, which will not affect the environment and personal safety, and is convenient for seeds to be used for wild cultivation of Rhodiola rosea on high mountain rock slopes, protecting the fragile alpine ecological environment, and has good application prospects.

[0028] Obviously, according to the above contents of the present invention, in accordance with common technical knowledge and customary means in the art, without departing from the above basic technical ideas of the present invention, other various forms of modification, replacement or change may be made.

[0029] The above contents of the present invention are further described in detail below through specific implementation methods in the form of embodiments. However, this should not be understood as the scope of the above subject matter of the present invention being limited to the following examples. All technologies realized based on the above contents of the present invention belong to the scope of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following examples are further described, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. The following examples can be used as a guide for further improvement by those skilled in the art, and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention in any way.

[0031] Unless otherwise specified, the reagents and materials used in the present invention can be obtained from commercial sources.

[0032] Example 1 Preparation of the seed coating agent of the present invention and coating of Rhodiola rosea seeds

[0033] The ingredients of the seed coating agent are as follows: 1.4 kg of talcum powder, 1.4 kg of vermiculite powder, 0.7 kg of decomposed cow dung, 12 g of Trichoderma harzianum, 12 g of Bacillus subtilis, 400 g of super absorbent resin, 2 g of brassinolide, 2 g of aminoethyl hexanoate, 8 g of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 12.6 g of glycerol, and 400 g of purified water.

[0034] The coating method is as follows:

[0035] 1. Selection and screening of Rhodiola rosea seeds

[0036] 100 g of Rhodiola rosea seeds were obtained by the method in CN 109845447 B, and the purity of the seeds was greater than 98%.

[0037] 2. Powder preparation

[0038] Weigh talcum powder, vermiculite powder, decomposed cow dung, Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis, highly absorbent resin, brassinolide and aminoethyl ester, mix them evenly, and grind them to more than 400 meshes with a multifunctional grinder to form coated pelletized powder.

[0039] 3. Preparation of adhesive solution

[0040] Weigh 12.6 grams of propylene glycol and dissolve it in 400 grams of pure water. After stirring evenly, slowly add 8 grams of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and continue stirring until it is completely dissolved to obtain a binder solution.

[0041] 4. Pellet coating

[0042] Put 100g of clean seeds of Rhodiola rosea into a centrifugal coating machine, rotate the coating machine, and then add the adhesive solution and the pelletizing powder alternately in sequence, and circulate continuously until the average particle size of the coated pelletized seeds is 1.0-2.0 mm, then the pelletizing coating is completed to obtain pelletized seeds.

[0043] 5. Pelletized Seed Drying

[0044] Spread the pelletized coated seeds on a drying plate, put them in a drying oven, and dry them at 35°C to constant weight for 4 to 8 hours.

[0045] Example 2 Preparation of the seed coating agent of the present invention and coating of Rhodiola rosea seeds

[0046] The ingredients of the seed coating agent are as follows: 1.4 kg of talcum powder, 1.4 kg of vermiculite powder, 0.7 kg of decomposed cow dung, 12 g of Trichoderma harzianum, 12 g of Bacillus subtilis, 400 g of super absorbent resin, 2 g of brassinolide, 2 g of aminoethyl hexanoate, 8 g of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and 400 g of purified water.

[0047] The coating method is as follows:

[0048] 1. Selection and screening of Rhodiola rosea seeds

[0049] 100 g of Rhodiola rosea seeds were obtained by the method in CN 109845447 B, and the purity of the seeds was greater than 98%.

[0050] 2. Powder preparation

[0051] Weigh talcum powder, vermiculite powder, decomposed cow dung, Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis, highly absorbent resin, brassinolide and aminoethyl ester, mix them evenly, and grind them to more than 400 meshes with a multifunctional grinder to form coated pelletized powder.

[0052] 3. Preparation of adhesive solution

[0053] Accurately weigh 8 grams of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, place it in a beaker, add 400 grams of pure water and stir continuously to dissolve it completely to obtain the adhesive solution.

[0054] 4. Pellet coating

[0055] Put 100g of clean seeds of Rhodiola rosea into a centrifugal coating machine, rotate the coating machine, and then add the adhesive solution and the pelletizing powder alternately in sequence, and circulate continuously until the average particle size of the coated pelletized seeds is 1.0-2.0 mm, then the pelletizing coating is completed to obtain pelletized seeds.

[0056] 5. Pelletized Seed Drying

[0057] Spread the pelletized coated seeds on a drying plate, put them in a drying oven, and dry them at 35°C to constant weight for 4 to 8 hours.

[0058] Comparative Example

[0059] Uncoated naked seeds.

[0060] Test Example 1 Screening Test

[0061] After a large number of preliminary experiments, the inventors determined that the coating agent and coating method described in Examples 1 and 2 are suitable for Rhodiola rosea seeds, wherein the optimization test of antibacterial components and growth regulators is as follows:

[0062] 1. Screening of antibacterial ingredients

[0063] Rhodiola rosea is prone to root rot during growth, causing plant death. By adding a certain amount of antibacterial ingredients to the seed coating material, the incidence of root rot in the seedling stage can be reduced and the survival rate can be improved. Further, considering that the seeds of the present invention will be used for wild cultivation in the native habitat of Rhodiola rosea in the later stage, it is required that the coating material does not contain components or substances that are difficult to decompose, highly toxic, and other components or substances that are prone to cause ecological harm. Therefore, the antibacterial ingredients mainly consider microbial preparations and plant extracts (analogs).

[0064] In order to screen the antibacterial ingredients and dosage suitable for coating Rhodiola rosea seeds, the specific composition ratio of the pelletized coating agent used in this experiment is as follows: 1.4 kg of talcum powder, 1.4 kg of vermiculite powder, 0.7 kg of decomposed cow dung, 400 g of super absorbent resin SAP, 8 g of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 400 g of purified water, and antibacterial ingredients in different weight portions.

[0065] After coating, the seeds were taken to the Tibet Pharmaceutical Planting Base (3000 meters above sea level) and the Sejila Mountain Wild Nursing Area (4800 meters above sea level) to compare the germination of seeds and the survival rate of seedlings after 100 days. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0066] Table 1 Effects of adding different antibacterial ingredients on the germination rate of Rhodiola rosea coated seeds and the survival rate of 100-day seedlings

[0067]

[0068] Note: Trichoderma harzianum inoculant is a powder with effective live bacteria count ≥ 2 billion / g; Bacillus subtilis inoculant is a powder with effective live bacteria count 100 billion / g; Ethylalicin is a wettable powder with an effective content of 15%; Different lowercase letters in the same column represent significant differences (P<0.05), the same below.

[0069] SPSS 27.0 was used to analyze the experimental data. The results showed that the use of Trichoderma harzianum + Bacillus subtilis as the antibacterial component of seed pelleting coating materials had a good seed germination rate and 100-day survival rate, whether in low-altitude artificial planting areas or high-altitude wild cultivation areas, and the effect was significantly better than that of using ethyl allicin (P<0.05). Among them, the composite bacterial agents No. 1 and 2 performed best in multiple indicators and can be effectively used for Rhodiola rosea seed pelleting coating.

[0070] Considering the germination rate, survival rate and cost, the addition amount of Trichoderma harzianum + Bacillus subtilis (12g+12g) was adopted as the antibacterial component of the pelleting agent.

[0071] 2. Screening of growth regulators

[0072] In order to screen out growth regulators suitable for coating seeds of Rhodiola rosea, the inventors used a compound mixture of gibberellin + sodium nitrophenolate and a compound mixture of brassinolide + aminoethyl hexanoate for screening.

[0073] The specific composition ratio of the pelletizing coating agent used in this experiment is as follows: 1.4 kg of talcum powder, 1.4 kg of vermiculite powder, 0.7 kg of decomposed cow dung, 12 g of Trichoderma harzianum, 12 g of Bacillus subtilis, 400 g of super absorbent resin SAP, 8 g of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 400 g of purified water, and growth regulators in different weight portions.

[0074] After coating, the seed germination rate and the fresh weight of the seedlings and rhizomes at 100 days were compared at the Tibet Pharmaceutical Planting Base. The test results are shown in Table 2.

[0075] Table 2 Effects of adding different proportions of growth regulators on the germination rate of Rhodiola rosea seeds and the fresh weight of rhizomes at 100 days

[0076]

[0077] Note: Brassinolide is a powder with an effective content of 0.2%; ammonium hexanoate is a powder with an effective content of 8%; gibberellic acid is a soluble powder with an effective content of 20%, and sodium nitrophenolate is a soluble powder with an effective content of 1.4%.

[0078] SPSS 27.0 was used to analyze the experimental data. As shown in Table 2, adding different combinations of growth regulators to the pelletized coating material had a significant effect on the seed germination rate and 100-day fresh weight of rhizomes of Rhodiola rosea. Among them, when brassinolide + aminoethyl hexanoate were compounded, the dosage combinations of No. 1 and 3 were the best for increasing the seed germination rate and rhizome weight, that is, when 0.8-2g of brassinolide and 0.8-2g of aminoethyl hexanoate were used, the seed germination rate and rhizome weight could be greatly increased. However, the combination of different dosages of gibberellin + sodium nitrophenolate could not significantly increase the germination rate, and the increase in rhizome weight was limited.

[0079] Test Example 2 Application of the coating agent of the present invention

[0080] The emergence and growth of seedlings with coated seeds were compared at different altitudes.

[0081] 1. Rhodiola rosea is bred at an altitude of 3,000 meters

[0082] The seeds of the embodiment and comparative example were directly sown and raised at the Tibet Pharmaceutical Linzhi Base (3000 meters above sea level). The matrix used peat: perlite: vermiculite = 2:1:1. 100 seeds were treated in each treatment, repeated 3 times, all of which were single seed sowing. The seedling raising time was early April, the daily average temperature was 12-15°C, and routine management was performed. No pest control was performed in the first 100 days. The emergence rate of all treatments was investigated on the 20th day, and the survival rate, the average plant height of 5 random plants, the number of branches and the fresh weight of the whole plant were investigated on the 100th day. The test results are shown in Table 3.

[0083] Table 3 Effects of different treatments on seed germination rate and seedling quality of Rhodiola rosea

[0084]

[0085] As can be seen from Table 3, Examples 1 and 2 are superior to the comparative example in all indicators, and the differences are significant, indicating that the seed coating agent and coating method of the present invention can effectively improve the germination rate, survival rate and whole plant weight of Rhodiola rosea seeds.

[0086] Among them, there are no significant differences in all indicators between Example 1 and Example 2. Therefore, antifreeze does not need to be added to the coating material for pelleting Rhodiola rosea seeds cultivated artificially in areas at an altitude of 3,000 meters.

[0087] 2. Rhodiola rosea is bred at an altitude of 4,800 meters

[0088] The seeds of Example 1, Example 2 and Comparative Example were sown and raised in the flowing stone slope area (distributed with wild large-flowered Rhodiola rosea population) at an altitude of 4800 meters, which is the top of Sejila Mountain in Linzhi City. The test time was mid-June, and the test site was in the rainy season and the average temperature was about 9.7°C, and the minimum temperature was higher than 0°C. Before raising seedlings, relatively flat stone cracks were selected, and 10 cm thick humus was filled in the stone cracks. Each treatment of 100 seeds was broadcast, repeated 3 times, and 1 cm thick humus was covered after sowing. After the experimental arrangement was completed, a fine iron net was used to protect the test area to prevent animal damage. The number of seedlings was counted once every 3 days until the seedlings were completed. On the 100th day, 5 random plants were measured for plant height, branch number, root length, and whole plant fresh weight. The test results are shown in Table 4.

[0089] Table 4 Seedling germination rate and seedling quality of different types of Rhodiola rosea in wild cultivation areas

[0090]

[0091] As can be seen from Table 4, Examples 1 and 2 are superior to the comparative example in all indicators, and the differences are significant, indicating that the seed coating agent and coating method of the present invention can effectively improve the emergence rate, initial germination time, plant height, number of branches and total plant weight of Rhodiola rosea seeds.

[0092] Among them, compared with Example 2, Example 1 performed better in terms of fresh weight of the whole plant. Therefore, the coating agent formula with a certain amount of antifreeze added is more suitable for the environment of high-altitude wild breeding areas.

[0093] In summary, the seed coating agent of the present invention can improve the germination rate, survival rate and seedling quality of Rhodiola rosea seeds in multiple scenarios in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Claims

1. A coating agent for Rhodiola rosea seeds, characterized in that: It is prepared from the following raw materials in the following weight ratio: 2800 parts of inorganic mineral materials, 700 parts of organic matter, 24-40 parts of composite bacterial agents, 400 parts of water retaining agents, 8 parts of adhesives, 1.6-4 parts of plant growth regulators, 0-12.6 parts of antifreeze agents, and 400 parts of water; The inorganic mineral material is composed of the following raw materials in weight ratio: 1 part of talc powder and 1 part of vermiculite powder; The organic matter is decomposed cow dung; the water retaining agent is a highly absorbent resin; the adhesive is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose; the antifreeze agent is glycerol; The composite bacterial agent is composed of the following ingredients in weight ratio: 1 part of Trichoderma harzianum and 1 part of Bacillus subtilis; The plant growth regulator is composed of the following ingredients in the following weight ratio: 1 part of brassinolide and 1 part of diethylaminoethyl ester.

2. The seed coating agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: It is prepared from the following raw materials in the following weight ratio: 2800 parts of inorganic mineral materials, 700 parts of organic matter, 24 parts of composite bacterial agents, 400 parts of water retaining agents, 8 parts of adhesives, 1.6 parts of plant growth regulators, 0-12.6 parts of antifreeze agents, and 400 parts of water.

3. The seed coating agent according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: It is prepared from the following raw materials in the following weight ratio: 1400 parts of talcum powder, 1400 parts of vermiculite powder, 700 parts of decomposed cow dung, 12 parts of Trichoderma harzianum, 12 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 400 parts of super absorbent resin, 8 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 2 parts of brassinolide, 2 parts of aminoethyl hexanoate, 12.6 parts of glycerol, and 400 parts of purified water.

4. A method for coating Rhodiola rosea seeds, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: a. Take the seeds of Rhodiola rosea and clean them for later use; b. Preparation of powder: Take the inorganic mineral material, organic matter, composite bacterial agent, water-retaining agent, plant growth regulator according to claim 3, mix and crush; c Preparation of a binder solution: Take the antifreeze agent according to claim 3, dissolved in pure water, add a binder, and dissolve it; d. Pelletizing: Take the seeds of step a, put into a pelletizing coating machine, rotate, alternately add the binder solution and the powder of step b, and continue to cycle to obtain pelletized seeds; e. Dry the pelletized seeds.

5. The seed coating method according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step d, the weight ratio of seeds to pelletized powder is 1:39; and / or the particle size of the pelletized seeds is 1.0 to 2.0 mm.

6. The seed coating method according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step e, the drying temperature is 35° C. and the drying time is 4 to 8 hours.

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