An E-type waveguide oscillator

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of high-power microwave vacuum electronic devices, and in particular to an E-type waveguide oscillator. It includes an E-type waveguide, which includes a transverse waveguide, a first tooth waveguide, a second tooth waveguide and a third tooth waveguide, wherein the first tooth waveguide, the second tooth waveguide and the third tooth waveguide are parallel to each other, and the first tooth waveguide, the second tooth waveguide and the third tooth waveguide are vertically connected to the transverse waveguide, and short waveguides are extended at both ends of the transverse waveguide, and the short waveguide is connected to the transverse waveguide as a whole, and the length of the first tooth waveguide and the second tooth waveguide is the same, and the length of the third tooth waveguide is greater than that of the first tooth waveguide and the second tooth waveguide, and a drift tube is connected between the first tooth waveguide, the second tooth waveguide and the third tooth waveguide, and the drift tube is parallel to the transverse waveguide. The present invention can effectively realize the segmentation of the resonant mode, thereby efficiently obtaining high-power microwaves of a specific frequency, and has obvious advantages in high efficiency, low impedance and easy realization of permanent magnet packaging.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of high-power microwave vacuum electronic devices, and in particular to an E-type waveguide oscillator. Background Art

[0002] When the electron beam passes through the resonant cavity, it will excite a series of eigenmodes in the cavity. The electron beam that enters the resonant cavity later will be affected by these eigenmodes, causing some electrons to increase their kinetic energy and be accelerated, while others to decrease their kinetic energy and be decelerated. The net energy exchange between the electron beam and the eigenmode changes with its transit time in the cavity. This process is called the transit time effect.

[0003] The transit-radiation time oscillator originated from the single-cavity tube. In the 1930s, Miller and Liewellyn conducted single-cavity tube experiments. Under the conditions of beam voltage of 150-300V and beam current of 100-400mA, the experiment output microwaves with a frequency of 3GHz and a power of 200-300mW. This experiment proved that the electron beam can output microwaves when it transits the gap of the resonant cavity, but due to its only 0.2% conversion efficiency, it was ignored for a long time afterwards. It was not until the 1990s that the emergence of the split-cavity oscillator kicked off the research on the transit-radiation time oscillator. In 1991, the split-cavity oscillator proposed by Marder et al. of Sandia National Laboratory in the United States realized the velocity modulation of the electron beam by utilizing the transit time effect of the split-cavity oscillator, and then reduced the energy dispersion of the electron beam by drifting a certain distance, and finally used the extraction method related to the relativistic klystron amplifier to realize the extraction of electron beam energy and microwave coupling output. Later, B. Bruce Miller and others from Titan Advanced Innovation Technology Institute in the United States developed a post-acceleration relativistic klystron in 1992 that also used the transit time effect. The device modulated the electron beam using an edge-coupled resonant cavity, then accelerated the clustered electrons to reduce energy divergence and increase the electron beam energy, and finally extracted the microwaves through the extraction cavity. The experimental results of the post-acceleration relativistic klystron conducted by Miller and others in 1992 were: voltage 800kV, electron beam current 1.2kA, output microwave power 400MW, frequency 1GHz, pulse width of about 500ns, efficiency reached 50%; at a frequency of 3GHz, under the conditions of voltage 850kV and current 750A, output power 135MW, efficiency 40%, pulse width 100ns.

[0004] In 1997, Professor Liu Qingxiang and others from the China Academy of Engineering Physics proposed a three-cavity transit-time oscillator based on the three-cavity transit-time effect, and conducted theoretical and experimental research on it. The device has a simple and compact structure, low requirements on the quality of the electron beam, and has a high beam-to-wave conversion efficiency. Under the conditions of an electron beam voltage of 416kV and a current of 3.8kA, the output microwave center frequency is 1.26GHz, the peak power is 510MW, and the efficiency is 30%. In 1999, Dr. Fan Zhikai conducted research on the linear theory of the multi-cavity resonant transit effect, the dispersion relation and field distribution of the multi-cavity resonant cavity, and conducted a principle experimental study on the L-band multi-cavity transit tube. Under the experimental conditions of a voltage of 500kV and a beam current of 3kA, an output microwave with a power greater than 100MW, a frequency of 1.3GHz, and a pulse width of 400ns was obtained. Subsequently, the China Academy of Engineering Physics conducted a large number of studies on multi-cavity transit-time tube oscillators, and developed and extended multi-cavity structures such as four-cavity, five-cavity, and six-cavity. In 2004, Dr. He Hu used a four-gap modulation cavity and a two-gap extraction cavity structure in his research on X-band transit-time oscillators. Under the simulation conditions of 760kV voltage and 6kA beam current, he obtained an output microwave power of 1.7GW, a frequency of 1.26GHz, and an efficiency of 37%. In 2004, Dr. He Juntao proposed a non-uniform three-cavity transit-time oscillator and conducted theoretical and experimental research, proving that the conversion efficiency of a transit-time oscillator with a certain cavity length combination is higher than that of a transit-time oscillator with uniform cavity length. In 2012, Dr. Cao Yibing proposed a new type of foilless coaxial transit-time oscillator. In the experiment, under the conditions of 780kV beam pressure, 13.5kA beam current, and 0.8T guiding magnetic field, he obtained an X-band microwave output of 1.1GW and 9.34GHz, with an efficiency of about 10.5%. In 2014, Dr. Ling Junpu proposed a new type of Ku-band coaxial transit time oscillator. In the experiment, a microwave output of 14.3GHz and 1GW was obtained under a voltage of 500kV, a current of 10kA and a guiding magnetic field of 0.7T. In 2015, Dr. Song Lili conducted a particle simulation study on a Ka-band four-gap coaxial transit time oscillator. In the simulation, a high-power microwave output of 1.27GW and 26.18GHz was obtained under the conditions of an electron beam voltage of 447kV, a current of 7.4kA and a guiding magnetic field of 0.6T, and a beam-wave conversion efficiency of about 38.5%.

[0005] In summary, the development prospects of C-band transition radiation oscillators are broad, but the corresponding transition radiation oscillators are relatively few. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a waveguide transition radiation oscillator that has extremely obvious advantages in high efficiency, low impedance and high power, and has broad application prospects in directed energy weapons, plasma heating, high-energy radar, ion RF acceleration and future space energy. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides an E-type waveguide oscillator, which, when used, can effectively realize the segmentation of the resonance mode, thereby efficiently obtaining high-power microwaves of a specific frequency.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0008] An E-type waveguide oscillator comprises an E-type waveguide, wherein the E-type waveguide comprises a transverse waveguide, a first tooth waveguide, a second tooth waveguide and a third tooth waveguide, wherein the first tooth waveguide, the second tooth waveguide and the third tooth waveguide are parallel to each other, and the first tooth waveguide, the second tooth waveguide and the third tooth waveguide are vertically connected to the transverse waveguide, short waveguides are extended at both ends of the transverse waveguide, and the short waveguide is integrally connected to the transverse waveguide, the first tooth waveguide and the second tooth waveguide have the same length, and the third tooth waveguide is longer than the first tooth waveguide and the second tooth waveguide, and a drift tube is connected between the first tooth waveguide, the second tooth waveguide and the third tooth waveguide, and the drift tube is parallel to the transverse waveguide.

[0009] In a possible design, a first groove is provided on the lateral waveguide, and a second groove is provided on the third tooth waveguide.

[0010] In a possible design, the first tooth waveguide and the second tooth waveguide are both composed of three sections of rectangular waveguides connected in one piece, wherein the first section of the rectangular waveguide is connected to the lateral waveguide, has a width of 45 mm and a length of 33 mm, the second section of the rectangular waveguide is connected to the first section of the rectangular waveguide, has a width of 33 mm and a length of 35 mm, and the third section of the rectangular waveguide is connected to the second section of the rectangular waveguide, has a width of 45 mm and a length of 10 mm; the third tooth waveguide is composed of two sections of rectangular waveguides connected in one piece, the first section of the rectangular waveguide is connected to the lateral waveguide, has a width of 45 mm and a length of 40 mm, and the second section of the rectangular waveguide is connected to the first section of the rectangular waveguide, has a width of 35 mm and a length of 60 mm.

[0011] In one possible design, the drift tube is connected to the second section of the rectangular waveguide of the first tooth waveguide, the second section of the rectangular waveguide of the second tooth waveguide, and the second section of the rectangular waveguide of the third tooth waveguide. The axis of the drift tube is 47 mm away from the axis of the transverse waveguide.

[0012] In a possible design, the overall length of the lateral waveguide and the short waveguides at both ends is 173 mm, and the width is 45 mm.

[0013] In a possible design, a first groove with a length of 36 mm, a width of 45 mm, a depth of 3 mm and a chamfer of 3 mm at both ends is provided on the lateral waveguide at a position 61 mm away from the end of one end of the short waveguide, and two second grooves with a length of 10 mm, a width of 5 mm and a depth of 3 mm are provided on the third tooth waveguide at a position 19 mm away from the end of the second section of the rectangular waveguide.

[0014] In a possible design, the waveguide wall thickness of the E-type waveguide is 2 mm, the inner diameter of the drift tube is 14 mm, and the outer diameter is 18 mm.

[0015] In a possible design, the distance between the first tooth waveguide and the second tooth waveguide is 36 mm, the distance between the second tooth waveguide and the third tooth waveguide is 36 mm, and the first tooth waveguide is 25 mm away from the end of the short waveguide at its end.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0017] The present invention adjusts the mode distribution through the first tooth waveguide, the second tooth waveguide, the third tooth waveguide, the transverse waveguide and the short waveguide. The distribution arrangement of the first tooth waveguide, the second tooth waveguide and the third tooth waveguide can further adjust the position of the desired resonant mode, effectively realize the segmentation of the resonant mode, make the desired resonant mode better distributed in the injection-wave interaction area, and make it easier to oscillate. The interval arrangement of the first tooth waveguide, the second tooth waveguide and the third tooth waveguide can make the injection-wave interaction optimal, so that the microwave energy can be better extracted, and the purpose of further improving the efficiency can be achieved. The present invention can efficiently obtain high-power microwaves of a specific frequency, and has obvious advantages in high efficiency, low impedance and easy realization of permanent magnet packaging. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for describing the embodiments or the prior art.

[0019] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 is the output waveform diagram of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 This is the output spectrum diagram of the present invention.

[0022] In the figure: 1. first tooth waveguide; 2. second tooth waveguide; 3. third tooth waveguide; 4. lateral waveguide; 5. short waveguide; 6. drift tube; 7. first groove; 8. second groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that the description of these embodiments is used to help understand the present invention, but does not constitute a limitation of the present invention. The specific structures and functional details disclosed herein are only used to describe the exemplary embodiments of the present invention. However, the present invention can be embodied in many alternative forms, and it should not be understood that the present invention is limited to the embodiments set forth herein.

[0024] Example:

[0025] This embodiment provides an E-type waveguide oscillator, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes an E-type waveguide, which includes a transverse waveguide 4, a first tooth waveguide 1, a second tooth waveguide 2 and a third tooth waveguide 3. The first tooth waveguide 1, the second tooth waveguide 2 and the third tooth waveguide 3 are parallel to each other, and the first tooth waveguide 1, the second tooth waveguide 2 and the third tooth waveguide 3 are vertically connected to the transverse waveguide 4, and short waveguides 5 are extended at both ends of the transverse waveguide 4, and the short waveguide 5 is integrally connected with the transverse waveguide 4. The first tooth waveguide 1 and the second tooth waveguide 2 have the same length, and the third tooth waveguide 3 is longer than the first tooth waveguide 1 and the second tooth waveguide 2. A drift tube 6 is connected between the first tooth waveguide 1, the second tooth waveguide 2 and the third tooth waveguide 3, and the drift tube 6 is parallel to the transverse waveguide 4.

[0026] The E-type waveguide oscillator of the present invention is a novel high-power microwave device based on the transit time effect of a three-cavity resonant cavity. The structure of the first tooth waveguide 1, the second tooth waveguide 2 and the third tooth waveguide 3 utilizes the difference in phase velocities of different frequency modes to ensure a good distribution of the single cavity mode. The electron beam passes through the drift tube and excites the eigenmode of the single cavity to produce velocity modulation and density modulation on the electron beam, and forms a cluster block in the electron beam. Through the drift in the field-free drift area with appropriate spacing between the first tooth waveguide 1, the second tooth waveguide 2 and the third tooth waveguide 3, the electron beam velocity modulation is converted into density modulation, the clustering effect is further enhanced, and the injection-wave interaction is further enhanced to achieve the optimal extraction of electron injection energy effect, and finally the microwave is output through the third tooth waveguide 3.

[0027] Furthermore, the lateral waveguide 4 is provided with a first groove 7, and the third tooth waveguide 3 is provided with a second groove 8. When used, the first groove 7 has the function of adjusting the microwave transmission parameters inside the device, and the second groove 8 is an output coupling block for balancing the output amount and the reflection amount to achieve the best output effect.

[0028] Furthermore, the first tooth waveguide 1 and the second tooth waveguide 2 are both composed of three sections of rectangular waveguides connected in one piece, wherein the first section of the rectangular waveguide is connected to the transverse waveguide 4, has a width of 45 mm and a length of 33 mm, the second section of the rectangular waveguide is connected to the first section of the rectangular waveguide, has a width of 33 mm and a length of 35 mm, and the third section of the rectangular waveguide is connected to the second section of the rectangular waveguide, has a width of 45 mm and a length of 10 mm; the third tooth waveguide 3 is composed of two sections of rectangular waveguides connected in one piece, wherein the first section of the rectangular waveguide is connected to the transverse waveguide 4, has a width of 45 mm and a length of 40 mm, and the second section of the rectangular waveguide is connected to the first section of the rectangular waveguide, has a width of 35 mm and a length of 60 mm.

[0029] Furthermore, the drift tube 6 is connected to the second section of the rectangular waveguide of the first tooth waveguide 1 , to the second section of the rectangular waveguide of the second tooth waveguide 2 , and to the second section of the rectangular waveguide of the third tooth waveguide 3 , and the axis of the drift tube 6 is 47 mm away from the axis of the transverse waveguide 4 .

[0030] Furthermore, the overall length of the lateral waveguide 4 and the short waveguides 5 at both ends is 173 mm, and the width is 45 mm.

[0031] Furthermore, a first groove 7 with a length of 36 mm, a width of 45 mm, a depth of 3 mm and a chamfer of 3 mm at both ends is provided on the lateral waveguide 4 at a position 61 mm away from the end of the short waveguide 5 at one end, and two second grooves 8 with a length of 10 mm, a width of 5 mm and a depth of 3 mm are provided on the third tooth waveguide 3 at a position 19 mm away from the end of the second section of the rectangular waveguide.

[0032] Furthermore, the waveguide wall thickness of the E-type waveguide is 2 mm, the inner diameter of the drift tube 6 is 14 mm, and the outer diameter is 18 mm.

[0033] Furthermore, the distance between the first tooth waveguide 1 and the second tooth waveguide 2 is 36 mm, the distance between the second tooth waveguide 2 and the third tooth waveguide 3 is 36 mm, and the first tooth waveguide 1 is 25 mm away from the end of the short waveguide 5 at its end.

[0034] When it is used, the mode distribution is adjusted by the first tooth waveguide 1, the second tooth waveguide 2, the third tooth waveguide 3, the transverse waveguide 4 and the short waveguide 5. The distribution arrangement of the first tooth waveguide 1, the second tooth waveguide 2 and the third tooth waveguide 3 can further adjust the position of the desired resonance mode, effectively realize the segmentation of the resonance mode, make the desired resonance mode better distributed in the injection-wave interaction area, and make it easier to oscillate. The interval arrangement of the first tooth waveguide 1, the second tooth waveguide 2 and the third tooth waveguide 3 can make the injection-wave interaction optimal, so that the microwave energy can be better extracted, and the purpose of further improving the efficiency can be achieved.

[0035] Under the above structural parameters, the E-type waveguide oscillator works in the C band (the specific working frequency can be changed by adjusting the waveguide structure size), and its working frequency is 4.83GHz. When the electron beam voltage is 400kV, the electron beam current is 600A, and the magnetic induction intensity for focusing the electron beam is 0.25T, the output power is 129.6MW and the efficiency is 54%; Figure 2 As shown in FIG. 1 , it is a schematic diagram of the output waveform of the E-type waveguide oscillator. After Fourier transforming the output signal, the corresponding signal spectrum is obtained, as shown in FIG. Figure 3 As shown, this is the output spectrum diagram of the E-type waveguide oscillator. It can be found that the spectrum is very pure, without any noise signals, and the frequency is 4.83GHz.

[0036] This E-type waveguide oscillator can efficiently obtain high-power microwaves of a specific frequency, and has obvious advantages in high efficiency, low impedance and easy permanent magnet packaging. Therefore, it has broad application prospects in directed energy weapons, plasma heating, high-energy radar, ion radio frequency acceleration and future space energy.

[0037] The present invention is not limited to the above optional implementations, and anyone can derive other various forms of products under the enlightenment of the present invention. The above specific implementations should not be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the definition in the claims, and the description can be used to interpret the claims.

Claims

1. An E-type waveguide oscillator, characterized in that: The invention comprises an E-type waveguide, wherein the E-type waveguide comprises a transverse waveguide (4), a first tooth waveguide (1), a second tooth waveguide (2) and a third tooth waveguide (3), wherein the first tooth waveguide (1), the second tooth waveguide (2) and the third tooth waveguide (3) are parallel to each other, and the first tooth waveguide (1), the second tooth waveguide (2) and the third tooth waveguide (3) are vertically connected to the transverse waveguide (4), and short waveguides (5) are extended at both ends of the transverse waveguide (4), and the short waveguide (5) is connected to the transverse waveguide (4). The waveguides (4) are connected as one body, the first tooth waveguide (1) and the second tooth waveguide (2) are of the same length, the third tooth waveguide (3) is longer than the first tooth waveguide (1) and the second tooth waveguide (2), a drift tube (6) is connected between the first tooth waveguide (1), the second tooth waveguide (2) and the third tooth waveguide (3), the drift tube (6) is parallel to the transverse waveguide (4), the transverse waveguide (4) is provided with a first groove (7), the third tooth waveguide (3) is provided with a first groove (8), and the third tooth waveguide (3) is provided with a first groove (9). A second groove (8) is provided. The first tooth waveguide (1) and the second tooth waveguide (2) are both composed of three sections of rectangular waveguides connected in one piece. The first section of the rectangular waveguide is connected to the transverse waveguide (4) and has a width of 45 mm and a length of 33 mm. The second section of the rectangular waveguide is connected to the first section of the rectangular waveguide and has a width of 33 mm and a length of 35 mm. The third section of the rectangular waveguide is connected to the second section of the rectangular waveguide and has a width of 45 mm and a length of 10 mm. The third tooth waveguide (3) is composed of two sections of rectangular waveguides connected in one piece. The first section of the rectangular waveguide is connected to the transverse waveguide (4) and has a width of 45 mm and a length of 40 mm. The second section of the rectangular waveguide is connected to the first section of the rectangular waveguide and has a width of 35 mm and a length of 60 mm. The first tooth waveguide (1) and the second tooth waveguide (2) are spaced 36 mm apart. The second tooth waveguide (2) and the third tooth waveguide (3) are spaced 36 mm apart. The first tooth waveguide (1) is 25 mm away from the end of the short waveguide (5) at its end.

2. An E-type waveguide oscillator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drift tube (6) is connected to the second section of the rectangular waveguide of the first tooth waveguide (1), the second section of the rectangular waveguide of the second tooth waveguide (2), and the second section of the rectangular waveguide of the third tooth waveguide (3). The axis of the drift tube (6) is 47 mm away from the axis of the transverse waveguide (4).

3. An E-type waveguide oscillator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The overall length of the transverse waveguide (4) and the short waveguides (5) at both ends is 173 mm, and the width is 45 mm.

4. An E-type waveguide oscillator according to claim 3, characterized in that: A first groove (7) with a length of 36 mm, a width of 45 mm, a depth of 3 mm and a chamfer of 3 mm at both ends is provided on the transverse waveguide (4) at a position 61 mm away from the end of the short waveguide (5) at one end, and two second grooves (8) with a length of 10 mm, a width of 5 mm and a depth of 3 mm are provided on the third tooth waveguide (3) at a position 19 mm away from the end of the second section of the rectangular waveguide.

5. The E-type waveguide oscillator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waveguide wall thickness of the E-type waveguide is 2 mm, the inner diameter of the drift tube (6) is 14 mm, and the outer diameter is 18 mm.

Images