A tile-like one-way endotracheal tube for expectoration

Abstract

The present invention discloses a tile-like one-way endotracheal cannula for expectoration, which belongs to the technical field of medical devices. The inner wall of the one-way endotracheal cannula for expectoration is lined with a one-way liquid flow structure composed of tile-like islands distributed in an array along the circumferential and axial directions of the inner wall of the cannula. The main body of the tile-like island is arc-shaped, and the end connected to the inner wall of the cannula is wider than the end away from the inner wall of the cannula. The back of the tile-like island is arched, and the inner surface of the tile-like island is concave. The tile-like island is inclined toward the outside of the body, and the inner surface of the tile-like island forms an angle of 30 to 45 degrees with the inner wall of the cannula. When in use, sputum secretions flow down from the back of the tile-like structure, surround the tile island, and accumulate in the concave angle formed by the tile and the inner wall of the cannula, and then move to the concave angle of the next tile island under the action of the Laplace force, completing the continuous one-way flow of sputum secretions in sequence. The endotracheal tube can make sputum secretions flow in one direction, eliminate the reflux effect of the inspiratory airflow on the secretions, thereby achieving a one-way expectoration effect and reducing the retention of sputum in the airway.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of medical devices, and in particular relates to a tile-like one-way endotracheal tube for expectoration. Background Art

[0002] The mucosal surface of the respiratory tract has a ciliary clearance system, which is composed of a power system composed of ciliated columnar epithelial cells and cilia, a mucus blanket composed of a mucus layer and a serous layer, and mucus secreting cells. The mucociliary clearance system promotes mucus movement through the swing of cilia, renews the mucus blanket, and removes inhaled particles and microorganisms. The tracheal wall has a mucociliary clearance system, and the cilia on its mucosal layer have the function of clearing respiratory secretions and sputum. The endotracheal intubation is an important medical device to ensure the patency of the respiratory tract, maintain ventilation, and save lives. Using an endotracheal intubation to replace the trachea to form an airway can save lives for patients with hypoxemia and ventilation disorders.

[0003] However, the inner wall of the common endotracheal tubes is smooth and has no ciliary clearance system. It lacks the function of actively clearing mucus. During the exhalation process, the sputum secretions in the tube can only flow out of the body under the impetus of the exhaled airflow. However, due to the long tube, only a small amount of sputum secretions can be discharged in one exhalation, and most of the sputum will return to the trachea under the impact of the airflow during inhalation. In addition, the stimulation of the endotracheal tube in the respiratory tract will cause mucus secretion of goblet cells, increasing the amount of sputum. The increase in sputum volume will cause inflammation, which will increase the secretion of the respiratory tract, forming a vicious circle, thereby increasing the burden of sputum discharge in the respiratory tract and the risk of respiratory tract infection and obstruction. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a tile-like one-way endotracheal tube for sputum removal, eliminate the reflux effect of the inspiratory airflow on the secretions, accelerate the discharge of secretions during exhalation, thereby reducing the retention of sputum in the airway and the number of sputum suction times, prolonging the tube retention time, and reducing the incidence of respiratory tract infections.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] The invention discloses a tile-like one-way sputum removal endotracheal cannula, comprising a cannula body, one end of the cannula body exposed to the outside of the body is provided with a machine end joint, the other end is provided with an inflation bag, a connecting tube is also provided on the cannula body, and a one-way liquid flow structure is lined on the inner wall of the cannula.

[0007] Preferably, the unidirectional liquid flow structure is composed of tile-like islands distributed in a circumferential and axial array along the inner wall of the tube, the back of the tile-like islands is arched, the inner surface of the tile-like islands is concave, the tile-like islands are inclined toward the outside of the body, and the inner surface of the tile-like islands faces the inner wall of the tube.

[0008] Further preferably, the end of the tile-like island connected to the inner wall of the cannula is wider than the end away from the inner wall of the cannula.

[0009] Preferably, the inner surface of the tile-like island forms an angle of 30° to 45° with the inner wall of the cannula.

[0010] Preferably, the edge of the back side of the tile-like island away from the inner wall of the cannula is a smooth rounded corner.

[0011] Preferably, the cannula body and the one-way liquid flow structure are an integrally formed structure.

[0012] Preferably, the vertical distance from the top center of the tile-like island to the inner wall of the cannula is 1 mm.

[0013] Preferably, the endotracheal tube is made of polyvinyl chloride or PVC material.

[0014] The invention also discloses the application of the tile-like one-way sputum-draining tracheal tube in tracheal intubation.

[0015] Preferably, the endotracheal intubation is performed on patients who are unable to clear upper respiratory tract secretions or reflux of gastric contents voluntarily.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] The tile-like one-way sputum removal endotracheal tube provided by the present invention is different from the existing endotracheal tube with a smooth inner wall and no ciliary clearance system. Instead, on the basis of the common tube, a one-way liquid flow structure is added to the inner wall of the endotracheal tube. The one-way liquid flow structure can prevent sputum from returning to the organs under the impact of the airflow during inhalation and being retained in the organs, and by controlling the flow direction of sputum secretions, the possibility of sputum secretions flowing back to the lungs is reduced.

[0018] Furthermore, by utilizing the principles of fluid dynamics and surface tension, the tile-like island structure in the designed one-way liquid flow structure accumulates sputum secretions by forming a concave angle with the inner wall of the cannula, and the exhalation process promotes the flow of sputum secretions toward the outside of the body. During the inhalation process, the main airflow flows downstream into the lungs, and the tributary airflow close to the cannula wall changes direction due to the obstruction of the tile-like island, turns to flow toward the outside of the lungs, and drives the liquid secretions to continue to flow toward the outside of the body, so that the sputum in the cannula can be discharged from the trachea to the outside in one direction, greatly reducing the retention of sputum in the airway. The tile-like one-way sputum discharge tracheal cannula provided by the present invention has a one-way liquid flow effect, can eliminate the reflux effect of the inspiratory airflow on the secretions during inspiration, and can accelerate the discharge of secretions during exhalation, thereby reducing the retention of sputum in the airway, reducing the number of sputum suction times, extending the tube retention time, and reducing the incidence of respiratory infections. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the tile-like one-way sputum removal endotracheal tube of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Sectional view of part A in the middle;

[0021] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of the B area;

[0022] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the one-way liquid flow structure of the tile-like one-way sputum removal endotracheal tube of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of the middle C area;

[0024] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the tile-like island of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 7 It is an enlarged view of the back surface and the inner surface of the tile-like island of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the tile-like structure of the present invention affecting the unidirectional flow of sputum secretions, wherein: Figure 8 a shows sputum secretions dripping onto the back of the tile-like island. Figure 8 b shows sputum secretions surrounding the tile-like island and spreading to the next tile-like island. Figure 8 c is the diffusion of sputum secretions to the next tile-like island. Figure 8 d is a small half-moon liquid surface formed between two adjacent tile-like islands. Figure 8 e is a continuous liquid flow formed by two half-moon-shaped liquid surfaces existing simultaneously;

[0027] Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the tile-like structure of the present invention affecting the direction of airflow, wherein: Fig. 9 a shows sputum secretions dripping onto the back of the tile-like island. Fig. 9 b is the airflow distribution during exhalation, Fig. 9 c is the airflow distribution during the inhalation process, Fig. 9 d is the airflow direction where the expiratory and inspiratory airflows encounter the tile-like islands, Fig. 9 e is a small half-moon-shaped liquid surface formed between two adjacent tile-like islands. Fig. 9 f is the flow diagram of sputum secretions during breathing.

[0028] Among them: 1-cannula body; 2-cannula inner wall; 3-tile-like island; 31-back of tile-like island; 32-inner surface of tile-like island; 4-sputum secretion; 5-inflatable bag; 6-machine end connector; 7-connecting tube. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the scheme of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] It should be noted that the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof in the present invention are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product or apparatus comprising a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or apparatuses.

[0031] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

[0032] The present invention provides a tile-like one-way sputum removal endotracheal tube made of polyvinyl chloride or PVC material, such as Figure 1 , including a cannula body 1, a machine end connector 6, a connecting tube 7, an inflatable bag 5 and a one-way liquid flow structure. The cannula body 1 and the one-way liquid flow structure are integrally formed. The machine end connector 6, the inflatable bag 10 and the connecting tube 7 are all arranged on the cannula body 1. The machine end connector 6 is arranged at the end of the cannula body 1 exposed to the outside of the body, and the inflatable bag 10 is arranged at the end away from the machine end connector 6. The one-way liquid flow structure is lined on the inner wall 2 of the cannula, and can control the sputum secretion 4 to flow out of the body. Figure 2 and Figure 3 The unidirectional liquid flow structure is composed of tile-like islands 3 distributed in an array along the inner wall 2 of the cannula in the circumferential direction and the axial direction. Figure 4-Figure 7 The main body of the tile-like island 3 is arc-shaped, inclined on the inner wall 2 of the cannula toward the outside of the body, and forms an angle of 30° to 45° with the inner wall 2 of the cannula, and the vertical distance from the center of its top to the inner wall 2 of the cannula is 1 mm; the end of the tile-like island 3 connected to the inner wall 2 of the cannula is wider than the end away from the inner wall 2 of the cannula, the back side 31 of the tile-like island is arched, and the edge of the end away from the inner wall 2 of the cannula is a smooth rounded corner, and the inner surface 32 of the tile-like island is concave, and the tile-like island 3 divided by the inner surface 32 of the tile-like island can change the direction of the refluxed sputum secretions 4 during inhalation, so that it flows toward the outside of the body.

[0033] The working principle of the tile-like one-way sputum removal endotracheal tube provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0034] like Figure 8, when a drop of sputum secretion 4 is dropped onto the back surface 31 of the tile-like island ( Figure 8 a), it will flow along the inclined plane around the tile-like island 3 and then spread to the inner wall 2 of the cannula ( Figure 8 b). Due to the existence of the tile-like island 3, the sputum secretion 4 will not spread in all directions as it does on the inner wall of a conventional tracheal cannula. Instead, it will first concentrate in the concave angle formed between the tile-like island 3 and the inner wall 2 of the cannula. Surface tension will be generated in the concave angle, attracting the sputum secretion 4 to continue to accumulate and surround the tile-like island 3 ( Figure 8 c). The liquid-gas-solid three-phase can prevent the sputum secretion 4 from moving towards the lung direction and instead fix it in the concave angle formed between adjacent tile-like islands 3. Due to the existence of surface tension, a semi-circular liquid surface is formed at the concave angle formed by the tile-like island 3 and the inner wall 2 of the cannula. This semi-circular liquid surface enables the sputum secretion 4 to obtain a Laplace force P (P = γ / R) ( Figure 8 d), where γ is the surface tension of the liquid and R is the radius of the liquid surface. As the sputum secretion 4 continues to accumulate, the Laplace force P will push the sputum secretion 4 towards the outside direction. The radius R of the liquid surface continuously increases, and the Laplace force P R gradually decreases. When the amount of accumulated sputum secretion 4 comes into contact with the next tile-like island 3, the sputum secretion 4 will enter the concave angle formed between the next tile-like island 3 and the inner wall 2 of the cannula, and a new diffusion process will begin. Although the next tile-like island 3 offers resistance to the diffused sputum secretion 4, the angle formed between the tile-like island 3 and the inner wall 2 of the cannula can guide the sputum secretion 4 to move towards the outside, forming a small semi-circular liquid surface between two adjacent tile-like islands 3 ( Figure 8 e). Since the radius r of the semi-circular liquid surface between the next tile-like island 3 and the inner wall 2 of the cannula is very small at the beginning, its Laplace force Pr is very large (P = γ / r). At this time, the semi-circular liquid surface with a radius R formed by the tile-like island 3 and the inner wall 2 of the cannula and the semi-circular liquid surface with a radius r formed by the next tile-like island 3 and the inner wall 2 of the cannula exist simultaneously, forming a continuous liquid flow. The liquid will be subjected to two asymmetric Laplace forces, namely P R and Pr. The pressure difference is ΔP = Pr - P R = γ(1 / R - 1 / r). R and r are the radii of the angular liquid surfaces of the tile-like island 3 and the next tile-like island 3 respectively. Since r < R, Pr > P R . In this way, under the action of the pressure difference, the liquid will gradually move towards the direction of the next tile-like island 3, causing r to gradually increase until r = R. At this time, the sputum secretion 4 in the next tile-like island 3 has already started to transfer to the next next tile-like island 3, and the continuous unidirectional flow of the sputum secretion 4 can be completed in sequence.

[0035] In a breathing cycle, the inhalation time is short and the exhalation time is long, that is, the airflow velocity of exhalation is greater than that of inhalation. Fig. 9 When the user uses the tile-like one-way sputum discharge endotracheal tube provided by the present invention, during the exhalation process, the main expiratory airflow quickly passes through the tube lumen, forming a negative pressure on the gap between adjacent tile-like islands 3, bringing out the sputum secretions 4 therein, so that they flow out of the body with the airflow; the branch airflow entering the tile-like island 3 changes direction at the back 31 of the tile-like island, driving the sputum secretions 4 to flow with the airflow. During the inhalation process, the tile-like island 3 close to the tube wall does not affect the main inhalation airflow, and the main inhalation airflow can pass quickly in the center away from the tube wall to complete the ventilation function. The inhalation sub-airflow entering the tile-like island 3 will be blocked by the inner surface 32 of the tile-like island, and cannot flow toward the lungs, but will bend to the back of the adjacent tile-like island 3, flowing upward and out of the body, or bend along both sides to flow out of the body under the influence of the concave surfaces on both sides of the tile-like island 3.

[0036] In summary, the tile-like one-way sputum-discharging endotracheal tube provided by the present invention can change the direction of the airflow close to the tube wall during inhalation from flowing from outside the body to inside the lungs to flowing from inside the lungs to outside the body, further driving the outflow of sputum secretions. Since the airflow near the tube wall cannot flow into the lungs during inhalation, but flows outside the body instead, the reflux of sputum secretions during inhalation is reduced. The present invention covers the inner layer of the endotracheal tube with a tile-like structure that allows sputum secretions to flow in one direction, which can resist the reflux of secretions during inhalation, accelerate the discharge of secretions during exhalation, reduce the retention of sputum in the airway, reduce the number of sputum suction times, and reduce respiratory tract infections.

[0037] The above contents are only for explaining the technical idea of ​​the present invention and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any changes made on the basis of the technical solution in accordance with the technical idea proposed by the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tile-like one-way sputum removal endotracheal tube, characterized in that: The cannula comprises a cannula body (1), wherein one end of the cannula body (1) exposed to the outside of the body is provided with a machine end connector (6), and the other end is provided with an inflation bag (5). The cannula body (1) is also provided with a connecting tube (7), and the inner wall (2) of the cannula is lined with a one-way liquid flow structure; The unidirectional liquid flow structure is composed of tile-like islands (3) distributed in an array along the circumferential and axial directions of the inner wall of the cannula (2); the back surface (31) of the tile-like island (3) is arched, the inner surface (32) of the tile-like island is concave, the tile-like island (3) is inclined toward the outside of the body, and the inner surface (32) of the tile-like island faces the inner wall (2) of the cannula; the inner surface (32) of the tile-like island forms an angle of 30° to 45° with the inner wall (2) of the cannula.

2. A tile-like one-way sputum removal endotracheal tube as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The end of the tile-like island (3) connected to the inner wall of the cannula (2) is wider than the end away from the inner wall of the cannula (2).

3. A tile-like one-way sputum removal endotracheal tube as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The edge of the back side (31) of the tile-like island away from the inner wall (2) of the cannula is a smooth rounded corner.

4. A tile-like one-way sputum removal endotracheal tube as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The cannula body (1) and the one-way liquid flow structure are an integrally formed structure.

5. A tile-like one-way sputum removal endotracheal tube as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The vertical distance from the top center of the tile-like island (3) to the inner wall of the cannula (2) is 1 mm.

6. A tile-like one-way sputum removal endotracheal tube as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The endotracheal tube is made of polyvinyl chloride.

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