Seismic trace stacking method with trace header information protection

Abstract

The application provides a seismic trace stacking method with trace header information protection, comprising the following steps: step 1, data preparation; step 2, resetting the receiver point stake number; step 3, calculating the average value of all pre-stack trace header information of the same receiver point stake number; step 4, stacking the seismic traces of the same receiver point stake number; step 5, assigning the pre-stack trace header information value to the post-stack seismic trace corresponding to the receiver point stake number; step 6, resetting the shot point stake number; step 7, calculating the average value of all pre-stack trace header information of the same shot point stake number; step 8, stacking the seismic traces of the same shot point stake number; step 9, assigning the pre-stack trace header information average value to the post-stack seismic trace corresponding to the shot point stake number; and step 10, sorting the shot point receiver point stake number and outputting data. The seismic trace stacking method with trace header information protection is reliable in effect, simple in operation and easy to realize, and can maximize the reservation of pre-stack trace header information while keeping the basic properties unchanged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of seismic data processing technology for oil and gas exploration, and in particular to a seismic trace overlay method for trace head information protection. Background Technology

[0002] Current stacking methods combine seismic traces from different receivers and excitation points within the same seismic cell after dynamic correction, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio and seismic record quality. However, this method only retains a few trace header information such as the coordinate position and survey line number related to the seismic cell, while important trace header information such as the coordinates of the excitation point, receiver point, and azimuth before stacking cannot be preserved.

[0003] As oilfield exploration and development progresses, the number of high-density, wide-azimuth acquisition blocks at single points is increasing annually. To improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or processing efficiency, seismic traces need to be optimized before imaging. For example, stacking seismic traces before pre-stack migration can significantly improve the SNR and efficiency. However, current stacking methods cannot retain important information such as excitation and receiver coordinates, failing to meet the requirements of subsequent pre-stack migration imaging. They are only suitable for post-stack migration imaging after stacking, which has significant limitations.

[0004] Chinese patent application CN201710942439.X discloses a method and system for generating seismic data super gathers for velocity analysis. The method includes: defining adjacent common center point gathers for stacking and obtaining trace data; obtaining offset grouping parameters; grouping based on the offset grouping parameters and counting the total number of traces in each group; horizontally stacking the sample point data of each group into one sample point data; and obtaining a super gather based on the one sample point data of each group.

[0005] Chinese patent application CN201010225119.0 discloses a converted wave migration imaging method, comprising: the system acquiring and calculating the constant velocity equivalent offset data of a converted wave seismic data based on the trace header information of the acquired converted wave seismic data, and constructing the CSP gather of the converted wave seismic data; continuing to traverse all seismic traces to generate all CSP gathers; establishing the CSP gather header information of each trace based on the CSP gather of the constructed converted wave seismic data by means of imaging grid position, and obtaining the equivalent offset seismic data with the same coordinates in all CSP gathers based on the CSP gather header information of each trace; and superimposing the obtained equivalent offset seismic data with the same coordinates in all CSP gathers to generate converted wave migration imaging information.

[0006] Chinese patent application CN201510707118.2 discloses a seismic data overlay method and apparatus. The method includes: acquiring a location selected by a user on a base map of a work area; determining the seismic gather corresponding to the selected location and obtaining the seismic trace information of that gather from an index file; generating and displaying an azimuth distribution view of the gather data corresponding to the seismic gather based on the seismic trace information; acquiring the overlay parameters set by the user in the azimuth distribution view of the gather data; acquiring the target layer parameters and selected calculation method set by the user, as well as multiple gather points selected by the user on the base map of the work area; selecting gather points that satisfy the overlay parameters from the multiple gather points for overlay based on the set target layer parameters; and extracting attributes from the overlay result according to the selected calculation method.

[0007] The existing technologies described above are significantly different from the present invention and have failed to solve the technical problem we want to address. Therefore, we have invented a new method for seismic trace overlay for trace information protection. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a seismic trace stacking method that can accurately retain important trace header information from pre-stack data after stacking, meet the trace header information requirements of any subsequent processing stage, and has wider adaptability for trace header information protection.

[0009] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical measures: a seismic trace overlay method for tracehead information protection, comprising:

[0010] Step 1: Prepare the data;

[0011] Step 2: Reset the station number of the geophone point;

[0012] Step 3: Calculate the average value of all pre-stack head information for the same receiver station number;

[0013] Step 4: Superimpose seismic traces with the same receiver station number;

[0014] Step 5: Assign the average value of the pre-stack head information to the post-stack seismic trace at the corresponding receiver station number;

[0015] Step 6: Reset the blasting point station number;

[0016] Step 7: Calculate the average value of all pre-stack head information for the same blast point chainage;

[0017] Step 8: Overlay seismic traces with the same shot point station number;

[0018] Step 9: Assign the average value of the pre-stack head information to the post-stack seismic trace of the corresponding shot point station;

[0019] Step 10: Sort and output the data according to the station number of the shot point and receiver point.

[0020] The objective of this invention can also be achieved through the following technical measures:

[0021] In step 1, the single shots that eliminate the differences in seismic trace energy, frequency, phase, and correction amount are sorted by receiver point.

[0022] In step 2, the station numbers of all seismic detector points are divided by two and then rounded to the nearest integer to ensure that adjacent detector points on each detector line have the same station number.

[0023] In step 2, when the geophone interval is small, the geophone station numbers of all seismic traces are divided by two and then rounded twice to make the four adjacent geophones on each geophone line have the same geophone station number.

[0024] In step 4, partial dynamic correction, superposition, and reaction correction are performed on seismic traces with the same geophone station number so that seismic traces with the same geophone station number are superimposed into one.

[0025] In step 5, the average value of the pre-stack trace head information calculated in step 3 is assigned to the post-stack seismic trace of the corresponding receiver station number.

[0026] In step 6, the station numbers of all seismic shot points are divided by two and then rounded to the nearest integer to ensure that adjacent shot points on each shot line have the same station number.

[0027] In step 8, partial dynamic correction, superposition, and reaction correction are performed on seismic traces with the same shot point and receiver point station numbers, so that seismic traces with the same shot point and receiver point station numbers are superimposed into one.

[0028] In step 9, the average value of the pre-stack trace head information calculated in step 7 is assigned to the corresponding post-stack seismic trace.

[0029] This invention addresses the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a seismic trace stacking method for pre-stack trace information protection. The stacked traces accurately retain pre-stack trace information, thus meeting the requirements of processing technologies. The main technical key points of this invention are as follows: ① Selection of the optimal stacking dataset: Stacking adjacent receiver points and shot points is a prerequisite for maximizing the retention of pre-stack trace information; ② Calculation of the average pre-stack trace information for the same receiver point and shot point chainage; ③ Assignment of pre-stack information values ​​to the stacked seismic traces.

[0030] The seismic trace overlay method for trace information protection of the present invention has the following advantages compared with other methods:

[0031] I. Reliability of the Method's Effectiveness. This method simultaneously superimposes partial seismic traces in both the detector and shot directions within a cross-shaped arrangement domain, meeting the requirements for high-dimensional and efficient processing, and demonstrating significant effectiveness.

[0032] Second, it is simple and easy to implement. The method has a simple process and parameter settings, fast calculation speed, does not rely on any assumptions, and is not constrained by actual data.

[0033] III. Protection of Track Head Information. While maintaining the basic attributes unchanged, the track head information before stacking was preserved to the greatest extent possible. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 A flowchart of a specific embodiment of the seismic trace overlay method for trace information protection of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a single shot before the superposition of the same detector station number in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a single shot after superimposing the same detector station numbers in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the same detector station number is superimposed and... Figure 3 Another single gun adjacent to a single gun;

[0038] Figure 5 In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the same detector station number and shot station number are superimposed for a single shot. Detailed Implementation

[0039] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and intended to provide further illustration of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0040] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments of the present invention. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, and / or combinations thereof.

[0041] In current single-point high-density wide-azimuth seismic data processing, data optimization before pre-stack migration imaging is a crucial step. Current stacking methods cannot accurately retain more pre-stack head information, thus failing to meet the requirements for data optimization. This invention solves the above technical problems, such as... Figure 1As shown, the seismic trace overlay method for trace head information protection includes the following steps:

[0042] Step 101: Data preparation, sorting single shots by receiver point to eliminate differences in seismic trace energy, frequency, phase, correction amount, etc.

[0043] Step 102: Reset the station numbers of the geophones. Perform a head calculation on all geophone station numbers of the seismic traces, dividing by two and then rounding up, so that two adjacent geophones on each geophone line have the same geophone station number.

[0044] Step 103: Calculate the average value of all pre-stack head information for the same receiver station number;

[0045] Step 104: Perform partial dynamic correction, superposition, and reaction correction processing on seismic traces with the same receiver station number;

[0046] Step 105: Assign the average value of the pre-stack trace head information calculated in Step 103 to the post-stack seismic trace of the corresponding receiver station number;

[0047] Step 106: Prepare shot line data, sort the post-stack seismic traces by shot point station number;

[0048] Step 107: Calculate the average value of all pre-stack head information for the same blast point chainage;

[0049] Step 108: Overlay seismic traces with the same shot point station number;

[0050] Step 109: Assign the average value of the pre-stack trace head information calculated in Step 107 to the post-stack seismic trace of the corresponding shot point station;

[0051] Step 110: Sort and output the data according to the station number of the shot point and receiver point.

[0052] The following are several specific embodiments of the application of the present invention.

[0053] Example 1:

[0054] In a specific embodiment 1 of this invention, high-density 3D seismic data from the CHGZ area of ​​the XX oilfield was used as the target area. The method described above was applied to process this data to verify its effectiveness. The actual data was acquired using a 36-line, 5-shot observation system, with a receiver spacing of 25m, a receiver line spacing of 125m, a shot point spacing of 50m, and a shot line spacing of 175m. The aforementioned method was used to process the data.

[0055] 1) First, proceed to step 1 to prepare the data. Sort the single shots that eliminate differences in seismic trace energy, frequency, phase, correction amount, etc., according to the receiver point.

[0056] 2) Then, according to step 2, perform a path head calculation by dividing the station number of all seismic detector points by two and then rounding it down, so that the four adjacent detector points on each detector line have the same detector station number.

[0057] 3) Based on step 3, calculate the average value of all pre-stack head information for the same receiver station number.

[0058] 4) Based on step 4, perform partial dynamic correction, superposition, and reaction correction on the seismic traces with the same geophone station number, so that the four seismic traces with the same geophone station number are superimposed into one, and the geophone station interval changes from 25m before superposition to 50m.

[0059] 5) Assign the pre-stack trace head information calculated in step 3 to the post-stack seismic trace of the corresponding receiver station number.

[0060] 6) Prepare shot line data by sorting the post-stack seismic traces by shot point station number.

[0061] 7): Calculate the average value of all pre-stack head information for the same blast point chainage;

[0062] 8): Overlay seismic traces with the same shot point station number, and change the shot point interval from 50m before overlay to 100m;

[0063] 9): Assign the average value of the pre-stack trace head information calculated in step 7 to the post-stack seismic trace of the corresponding shot point station;

[0064] Step 10: Sort and output the data according to the station number of the shot point and receiver point.

[0065] Example 2:

[0066] In a specific embodiment 2 of this invention, high-density 3D seismic data from the SHH area of ​​the XX oilfield was used as the target area. The method was applied to process this data to verify its effectiveness. The actual data was acquired using a 40-line, 5-shot observation system, with a receiver spacing of 12.5m, a receiver line spacing of 125m, a shot point spacing of 50m, and a shot line spacing of 150m. The aforementioned method was used to process the data.

[0067] 1) First, proceed to step 1 to prepare the data. Sort the single shots by receiver point to eliminate differences in seismic trace energy, frequency, phase, correction, etc. Figure 2 ).

[0068] 2) Then, based on step 2, since the interval between the geophones in this area is small (12.5m), the geophone station numbers of all seismic tunnels can be divided by two and then rounded twice to make the four adjacent geophones on each geophone line have the same geophone station number.

[0069] 3) Based on step 3, calculate the average value of all pre-stack head information for the same receiver station number.

[0070] 4) Based on step 4, perform partial dynamic correction, superposition, and reaction correction on seismic channels with the same receiver station number, so that the four seismic channels with the same receiver station number are superimposed into one channel, and the receiver station interval changes from 12.5m before superposition to 50m. Figure 3 ).

[0071] 5) Assign the pre-stack trace head information calculated in step 3 to the post-stack seismic trace of the corresponding receiver station number.

[0072] 6) Preparation of shot line data: Sort the post-stack seismic traces by shot point station number. Figure 3 , Figure 4 ).

[0073] 7): Calculate the average value of all pre-stack head information for the same blast point chainage;

[0074] 8): Overlay seismic traces with the same shot point station number, and change the shot point interval from 50m before overlay to 100m;

[0075] 9): Assign the average value of the pre-stack trace head information calculated in step 7 to the post-stack seismic trace of the corresponding shot point station;

[0076] Step 10: Sort and output the data by shot point receiver station number. Figure 5 ).

[0077] Example 3:

[0078] In a specific embodiment 3 of this invention, high-density 3D seismic data from the CHH area of ​​the XX oilfield was used as the target area. The method was applied to process this data to verify its effectiveness. The actual data was acquired using a 56-line, 5-shot observation system, with a receiver spacing of 25m, a receiver line spacing of 125m, a shot point spacing of 50m, and a shot line spacing of 175m. The aforementioned method was used to process the data.

[0079] 1) First, proceed to step 1 to prepare the data. Sort the single shots that eliminate differences in seismic trace energy, frequency, phase, correction amount, etc., according to the receiver point.

[0080] 2) Then, based on step 2, since the amount of data in this area is large, the station numbers of all seismic detector points are divided by two and then rounded twice to make the four adjacent detector points on each detector line have the same station number.

[0081] 3) Based on step 3, calculate the average value of all pre-stack head information for the same receiver station number.

[0082] 4) Based on step 4, perform partial dynamic correction, superposition, and reaction correction on the seismic traces with the same geophone station number, so that the four seismic traces with the same geophone station number are superimposed into one, and the geophone station interval changes from 25m before superposition to 100m.

[0083] 5) Assign the pre-stack trace head information calculated in step 3 to the post-stack seismic trace of the corresponding receiver station number.

[0084] 6) Prepare shot line data by sorting the post-stack seismic traces by shot point station number.

[0085] 7): Calculate the average value of all pre-stack head information for the same blast point chainage;

[0086] 8): Overlay seismic traces with the same shot point station number, and change the shot point interval from 50m before overlay to 100m;

[0087] 9): Assign the average value of the pre-stack trace head information calculated in step 7 to the post-stack seismic trace of the corresponding shot point station;

[0088] Step 10: Sort and output the data according to the station number of the shot point and receiver point.

[0089] Therefore, while completing the seismic trace stacking, this method preserves the pre-stack trace head information to the maximum extent possible while maintaining the basic properties, thus meeting the needs of any subsequent processing stages. Its technical advantages are more prominent compared to other methods.

[0090] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0091] Except for the technical features described in the specification, all other technologies are known to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A seismic trace overlay method for trace information protection, characterized in that, The seismic overlay methods for protecting trace information include: Step 1: Prepare the data; Step 2: Reset the station number of the geophone point; Step 3: Calculate the average value of all pre-stack head information for the same receiver station number; Step 4: Superimpose seismic traces with the same receiver station number; Step 5: Assign the average value of the pre-stack trace head information calculated in Step 3 to the post-stack seismic trace of the corresponding receiver station number; Step 6: Reset the blasting point station number; Step 7: Calculate the average value of all pre-stack head information for the same blast point chainage; Step 8: Overlay seismic traces with the same shot point station number; Step 9: Assign the average value of the pre-stack head information to the post-stack seismic trace of the corresponding shot point station; Step 10: Sort and output the data according to the station number of the shot point and receiver point.

2. The seismic trace overlay method for trace head information protection according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 1, the single shots that eliminate the differences in seismic trace energy, frequency, phase, and correction amount are sorted by receiver point.

3. The seismic trace overlay method for trace head information protection according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 2, the station numbers of all seismic detector points are divided by two and then rounded to the nearest integer to ensure that adjacent detector points on each detector line have the same station number.

4. The seismic trace overlay method for trace head information protection according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 4, partial dynamic correction, superposition, and reaction correction are performed on seismic traces with the same geophone station number so that seismic traces with the same geophone station number are superimposed into one.

5. The seismic trace overlay method for trace head information protection according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 5, the average value of the pre-stack trace head information calculated in step 3 is assigned to the post-stack seismic trace of the corresponding receiver station number.

6. The seismic trace overlay method for trace head information protection according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 6, the station numbers of all seismic shot points are divided by two and then rounded to the nearest integer to ensure that adjacent shot points on each shot line have the same station number.

7. The seismic trace overlay method for trace head information protection according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 8, partial dynamic correction, superposition, and reaction correction are performed on seismic traces with the same shot point and receiver point station numbers, so that seismic traces with the same shot point and receiver point station numbers are superimposed into one.

8. The seismic trace overlay method for trace head information protection according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 9, the average value of the pre-stack trace head information calculated in step 7 is assigned to the corresponding post-stack seismic trace.

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