Irregular seismic data reconstruction method, device, readable storage medium and system

Abstract

The application discloses an irregular seismic data reconstruction method, device, readable storage medium and system. The irregular seismic data reconstruction method comprises the following steps: inputting irregular seismic data, wherein the irregular seismic data comprises a corresponding relationship and coordinate positions of a plurality of shot points and a plurality of geophones; performing grid division on the irregular seismic data, wherein the grid comprises a plurality of grid units, and the shot points and the geophones are projected into the grid; supplementing the missing shot points and the geophones in the grid to obtain supplemented seismic data; sorting the supplemented seismic data; and reconstructing the sorted seismic data to obtain reconstructed seismic data. The irregular seismic data reconstruction method disclosed by the application supplements and improves the missing data on the basis of the irregular seismic data, effectively improves the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data, protects the frequency band bandwidth of seismic data, restores weak signals, small-scale structures and other detailed information, and achieves better effects in subsequent seismic data migration imaging.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of geophysical exploration technology, and more specifically, relates to a method, device, readable storage medium, and system for reconstructing irregular seismic data. Background Technology

[0002] With the deepening development of oil and gas exploration and the goal of increasing oil and gas reserves and production in China, upstream oil exploration efforts have been increasing year by year. Currently, oil and gas reservoir storage conditions are becoming increasingly complex, requiring high-density exploration in seismic acquisition, which significantly increases exploration costs. In addition, due to limitations imposed by terrain or economic conditions, such as surface obstacles or bad access routes in the field, the data we collect from the field is often irregular and incomplete. Missing or irregular data can lead to reduced imaging quality.

[0003] Traditional approaches to reconstructing irregular seismic data fall into two categories. The first is five-dimensional regularization using commercial software. While this yields highly regular results, it fundamentally alters the observation system and generates data that is entirely computationally derived, failing to fully utilize the original data. The second approach is OVT-domain regularization, which sorts the data into the OVT domain for interpolation and reconstruction. However, this method lacks crucial information such as shot-receiver coordinates, hindering subsequent migration imaging and thus limiting its effectiveness. Therefore, a new method for reconstructing irregular seismic data is needed, capable of rebuilding from the original irregular observation system and improving the overall reconstruction quality. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method, device, readable storage medium, and system for reconstructing irregular seismic data, which can reconstruct data based on the original acquired irregular seismic data, thereby improving the effectiveness of seismic data reconstruction.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a method for reconstructing irregular seismic data, the method comprising:

[0006] Input irregular seismic data, which includes the correspondence and coordinate positions of multiple shot points and multiple receiver points;

[0007] Irregular seismic data is divided into grids, each grid consisting of multiple grid cells, and the shot points and receiver points are projected into the grids.

[0008] The missing shot points and receiver points are added to the grid to obtain supplemented seismic data;

[0009] The supplemented seismic data is sorted, and the sorted seismic data is reconstructed to obtain reconstructed seismic data.

[0010] Preferably, the grid includes a shot point grid and a receiver point grid, and the grid division of irregular seismic data includes:

[0011] The multiple shot points and multiple receiver points of the irregular seismic data are scanned respectively to obtain the maximum value sx_max and minimum value sx_min of the x-coordinate and the maximum value sy_max and minimum value sy_min of the y-coordinate of the shot point, forming a first closed region Space1; and the maximum value rx_max and minimum value rx_min of the x-coordinate and the maximum value ry_max and minimum value sy_min of the y-coordinate of the receiver point are obtained to form a second closed region Space2.

[0012] The first closed region Space1 is divided into a mesh to obtain a shot point mesh. The shot point mesh includes multiple shot point mesh cells, and the mesh spacing in the x and y directions is shot_dx and shot_dy, respectively.

[0013] The second closed region Space2 is divided into a mesh to obtain a detector mesh. The detector mesh includes multiple detector mesh cells, and the mesh spacing in the x and y directions is receipt_dx and receipt_dy, respectively.

[0014] Preferably, supplementing the missing shot points and receiver points in the grid includes:

[0015] Traverse each shot point grid cell in the shot point grid. When a projected shot point exists in the shot point grid cell, fill in the missing receiver grid cell corresponding to the shot point, and set the seismic data of the shot point and the seismic trace corresponding to the corresponding receiver grid cell to 0. When there is no projected shot point in the shot point grid cell, add a shot point in the shot point grid cell, fill in the missing receiver grid cell corresponding to the newly added shot point, and set the seismic data of the newly added shot point and the seismic trace corresponding to the corresponding receiver grid cell to 0.

[0016] Preferably, when supplementing missing detector points in the detector point grid cell corresponding to the shot point, the missing detector point is supplemented at the center point of the detector point grid cell corresponding to the shot point;

[0017] When adding a geophone in the geophone grid cell corresponding to the new shot point, the geophone is added at the center point of the geophone grid cell corresponding to the new shot point.

[0018] Preferably, the supplemented seismic data is common-shot point seismic data, and the sorting of the supplemented seismic data includes:

[0019] The supplemented seismic data is then converted into CMP gathers.

[0020] For each seismic trace in the CMP gather, secondary sorting is performed based on the trace's point number (xline), line number (inline), offset, azimuth (azi), and time dimension to obtain five-dimensional seismic data. Here, the point number (xline) is the spatial x-direction number, and the line number (inline) is the spatial y-direction number. Using the line number (inline) as a loop, data with the same line number (inline) are extracted from the five-dimensional seismic data to obtain four-dimensional seismic data.

[0021] Preferably, the process of reconstructing the sorted seismic data to obtain reconstructed seismic data includes:

[0022] The four-dimensional seismic data is reconstructed using the POCS iterative algorithm and Fourier transform to obtain the reconstructed seismic data.

[0023] Preferably, the method further includes:

[0024] The reconstructed seismic data is sorted according to CMP gathers, and the final data is obtained and output.

[0025] The present invention also provides an apparatus comprising:

[0026] Memory, which stores executable instructions;

[0027] A processor that executes the executable instructions in the memory to implement the above-described irregular seismic data reconstruction method.

[0028] The present invention also provides a readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described irregular seismic data reconstruction method.

[0029] The present invention also provides an irregular seismic data reconstruction system, comprising:

[0030] The data input module is used to input the coordinates and correspondences of shot points and receiver points for irregular seismic data;

[0031] The grid division module divides the irregular seismic data into grids based on the coordinates of the shot points and receiver points, and supplements the missing shot points and / or receiver points in the irregular seismic data through the data input module.

[0032] The data sorting module sorts the supplemented seismic data into CMP gathers, and performs secondary sorting based on the seismic trace's point number (xline), line number (inline), offset, azimuth (azi), and time dimension to obtain five-dimensional seismic data.

[0033] The reconstruction module reconstructs the four-dimensional seismic data extracted from the five-dimensional data using the POCS iterative algorithm and Fourier transform with the line number inline as the loop, and then sorts the data into CMP gathers using the data sorting module.

[0034] The present invention relates to an irregular seismic data reconstruction method, the beneficial effects of which are: on the basis of the original irregular seismic data, the missing data is supplemented and improved, without completely changing the original data, but making full use of the original acquired data, effectively improving the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data, protecting the bandwidth of seismic data, and restoring weak signals, small-scale structural details, etc., and achieving better results in subsequent seismic data migration imaging.

[0035] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0036] The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the more detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the same reference numerals generally represent the same components in the exemplary embodiments of the invention.

[0037] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating an exemplary embodiment of the irregular seismic data reconstruction method of the present invention is shown;

[0038] Figure 2a This diagram illustrates irregular seismic data in an irregular seismic data reconstruction method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2b This diagram illustrates the supplementary seismic data after adding supplementary data to irregular seismic data.

[0039] Figure 3a This diagram illustrates a stacked profile of irregular seismic data in an irregular seismic data reconstruction method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3b A schematic diagram of the overlay profile of the seismic data reconstructed from supplementary seismic data is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0040] Preferred embodiments of the invention will now be described in more detail. While preferred embodiments of the invention are described below, it should be understood that the invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that the invention will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.

[0041] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0042] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention provides a method for reconstructing irregular seismic data, such as... Figures 1 to 3b As shown, the method includes:

[0043] Input irregular seismic data, which includes the correspondence and coordinates of multiple shot points and multiple receiver points;

[0044] The observation system formed by irregular seismic data is divided into grids, each grid consisting of multiple grid cells. Shot points and receiver points are projected into the grids.

[0045] The missing shot points and receiver points are added to the grid to obtain the supplemented seismic data;

[0046] The supplemented seismic data is sorted, and the sorted seismic data is reconstructed to obtain reconstructed seismic data.

[0047] The irregular seismic data reconstruction method of the present invention supplements and improves the missing data based on the original irregular seismic data. It does not completely change the original data, but makes full use of the original acquired data to effectively improve the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data, protect the bandwidth of seismic data, and restore weak signals, small-scale structural details, etc., so as to achieve better results in subsequent seismic data migration imaging.

[0048] The grid includes shot point grid and receiver point grid. Grid division of irregular seismic data includes:

[0049] Multiple shot points and multiple receiver points of irregular seismic data are scanned respectively to obtain the maximum value sx_max and minimum value sx_min of the x-coordinate of the shot point, and the maximum value sy_max and minimum value sy_min of the y-coordinate, forming the first closed region Space1; and the maximum value rx_max and minimum value rx_min of the x-coordinate of the receiver point, and the maximum value ry_max and minimum value sy_min of the y-coordinate, forming the second closed region Space2.

[0050] The first closed region Space1 is meshed to obtain the shot point mesh. The shot point mesh consists of multiple shot point mesh elements, and the mesh spacing in the x and y directions is shot_dx and shot_dy, respectively.

[0051] The second closed region Space2 is meshed to obtain the detector mesh. The detector mesh consists of multiple detector mesh cells, and the mesh spacing in the x and y directions is receipt_dx and receipt_dy, respectively.

[0052] Gridding seismic data allows for the regular projection of shot and receiver locations and identifies missing grid cells, facilitating further data acquisition. Each interval (shot_dx, shot_dy) represents a shot cell, and each interval (rece_dx, rece_dy) represents a receiver cell. The interval values ​​are preset and can be adjusted according to actual needs. The grid parameters are used to set the initial parameters of the observation system for irregular seismic data. These parameters can be preset before inputting the irregular seismic data, and then the irregular seismic data is gridded according to the preset values ​​to facilitate further data acquisition and thus form regular seismic data.

[0053] Filling in the missing shot points and receiver points in the grid includes:

[0054] Iterate through each shot point grid cell in the shot point grid. When a projected shot point exists in the shot point grid cell, fill in the missing receiver in the receiver grid cell corresponding to the shot point, and set the seismic data of the shot point and the seismic trace corresponding to the corresponding receiver to 0. When there is no projected shot point in the shot point grid cell, add a shot point in the shot point grid cell, fill in the missing receiver in the receiver grid cell corresponding to the newly added shot point, and set the seismic data of the newly added shot point and the seismic trace corresponding to the corresponding receiver to 0.

[0055] In the above process, when supplementing the missing geophone in the geophone grid cell corresponding to the shot point, the missing geophone is supplemented at the center point of the geophone grid cell corresponding to the shot point.

[0056] When adding a geophone in the geophone grid cell corresponding to the new shot point, the geophone is added at the center point of the geophone grid cell corresponding to the new shot point.

[0057] That is, for a seismic trace, its corresponding shot point coordinates are the shot point coordinates of the current seismic trace, and its corresponding receiver coordinates are the coordinates of the center point of the receiver grid cell of the current seismic trace.

[0058] This invention addresses the problem of conventional seismic data reconstruction methods failing to fully utilize raw data and lacking shot-receiver coordinates. It fully utilizes irregular seismic data, i.e., raw data, by supplementing missing shot and receiver points. This helps preserve the bandwidth of the seismic data and recover details such as weak signals and small-scale structures, resulting in better performance in subsequent seismic data migration imaging. Therefore, this invention has promising applications in the field of seismic signal processing.

[0059] The supplemented seismic data consists of common shot point seismic data. The supplemented seismic data is then sorted, including:

[0060] The supplemented seismic data is converted into CMP gathers;

[0061] For each seismic trace in the CMP gather, secondary sorting is performed based on the trace's point number (xline), line number (inline), offset, azimuth (azi), and time dimension to obtain five-dimensional seismic data; where the point number (xline) is the spatial x-direction number, and the line number (inline) is the spatial y-direction number.

[0062] The grid spacing for xline points and inline lines is 1, the grid spacing for offset is d_offset, and the grid spacing for azimuth is d_azi. CMP gathers are placed into the corresponding grids described above, and spatial dimensions are connected to form five-dimensional seismic data for subsequent extraction and reconstruction.

[0063] By using the line number inline as a loop, extract data with the same line number inline from the five-dimensional seismic data to obtain four-dimensional seismic data.

[0064] The process of CMP gathers forming five-dimensional seismic data is an existing technology and will not be described in detail here.

[0065] The sorted seismic data is reconstructed to obtain the reconstructed seismic data, which includes:

[0066] The four-dimensional seismic data is reconstructed using the POCS iterative algorithm and Fourier transform to obtain the reconstructed seismic data.

[0067] The reconstruction process is as follows:

[0068] Assuming the four-dimensional seismic data is X(nt,nxiline,noff,nazi), where nt, nxline, noff, and nazi represent the number of seismic data points in time, point number (xiline), offset, and azimuth (azi), respectively, then the seismic data with missing irregular seismic data is represented as follows:

[0069]

[0070] Where S is a sampling matrix composed of 0 and 1, where 0 represents data with seismic trace set to 0, and 1 represents data with seismic trace not set to 0;

[0071] Let J be the number of iterations of the POCS algorithm, and let λ be the maximum threshold. max And the minimum threshold is λ min Therefore, a threshold model is established, {λ1,λ2…λ J}, where {λ1=λ max >λ2>…>λ J =λ min Set the sparse transform to a Fourier transform;

[0072] For the four-dimensional seismic data X under the previous generation number i-1 Perform a four-dimensional Fourier transform, setting coefficients smaller than the threshold corresponding to the current iteration number to zero, and then perform an inverse Fourier transform. The reconstructed data for the current iteration number can be obtained using the following formula:

[0073]

[0074] Where ρ represents the weight coefficient, which starts from 1 and gradually decreases as the number of iterations increases, until it becomes 0 in the last iteration.

[0075] The irregular seismic data reconstruction method involved in this invention also includes:

[0076] The reconstructed seismic data is sorted according to CMP gathers, and the final data is acquired and output for subsequent migration imaging and other processing.

[0077] In one embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2a This diagram illustrates the irregular seismic data of this embodiment, specifically the distribution of shot points and receiver points in the original data. It can be seen that the distribution is relatively sparse and irregular. Figure 2b This diagram illustrates the distribution of shot points and receiver points after supplementing irregular seismic data. Figure 2a Based on this, shot points and receiver points were added to the missing locations, making the data distribution denser.

[0078] Figure 3a This illustration shows a schematic diagram of the overlay profile of irregular seismic data in this embodiment. Figure 3b This embodiment illustrates a schematic diagram of the overlay profile of seismic data reconstructed from supplementary seismic data. Figure 3a and Figure 3b The comparison clearly shows that Figure 3a Irregular seismic data, i.e., the result of stacking the original data, has a low signal-to-noise ratio and the effective signal is masked by noise. Figure 3b It is evident that the reconstruction of effective signals leads to an improved signal-to-noise ratio, an increase in the number of phase axes, and enhanced resolution of seismic data, which is beneficial for subsequent migration imaging.

[0079] As can be seen, this invention addresses the problems of conventional seismic data reconstruction methods, such as the underutilization of original data and the lack of shot-receiver coordinates in the reconstructed data. Based on the original irregular seismic data, it supplements and improves the missing data, making full use of the original acquired data. This effectively improves the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data, protects the bandwidth of seismic data, and recovers weak signals, small-scale structural details, achieving better results in subsequent seismic data migration imaging.

[0080] The present invention also provides an apparatus comprising:

[0081] Memory, which stores executable instructions;

[0082] The processor executes executable instructions in memory to implement the aforementioned irregular seismic data reconstruction method.

[0083] The present invention also provides a readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described irregular seismic data reconstruction method.

[0084] The present invention also provides an irregular seismic data reconstruction system, comprising:

[0085] The data input module is used to input the coordinates and correspondences of shot points and receiver points for irregular seismic data;

[0086] The grid generation module divides irregular seismic data into grids based on the coordinates of shot points and receiver points, and supplements the missing shot points and / or receiver points in the irregular seismic data through the data input module.

[0087] The data sorting module sorts the supplemented seismic data into CMP gathers, and performs secondary sorting based on the seismic trace's point number (xline), line number (inline), offset, azimuth (azi), and time dimension to obtain five-dimensional seismic data.

[0088] The reconstruction module reconstructs four-dimensional seismic data extracted from five-dimensional data using the POCS iterative algorithm and Fourier transform with the line number inline as the loop, and then sorts the data into CMP gathers using the data sorting module.

[0089] The various embodiments of the present invention have been described above. These descriptions are exemplary and not exhaustive, nor are they limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments.

Claims

1. A method of irregular seismic data reconstruction, characterized in that, The method comprises: inputting irregular seismic data, the irregular seismic data comprising a correspondence and coordinate positions of a plurality of shot points and a plurality of receiver points; grid dividing the irregular seismic data, the grid comprising a plurality of grid units, and projecting the shot points and the receiver points into the grid; supplementing missing shot points and receiver points in the grid to obtain supplemented seismic data; sorting the supplemented seismic data, reconstructing the sorted seismic data, and obtaining reconstructed seismic data; the grid comprises a shot point grid and a receiver point grid, and the grid dividing the irregular seismic data comprises: respectively scanning the plurality of shot points and the plurality of receiver points of the irregular seismic data, obtaining a maximum value sx_max and a minimum value sx_min of x coordinates of the shot points, a maximum value sy_max and a minimum value sy_min of y coordinates of the shot points, forming a first closed region Space1, and obtaining a maximum value rx_max and a minimum value rx_min of x coordinates of the receiver points, a maximum value ry_max and a minimum value sy_min of y coordinates of the receiver points, forming a second closed region Space2; grid dividing the first closed region Space1 to obtain a shot point grid, the shot point grid comprising a plurality of shot point grid units, and grid intervals of x and y directions of the grid being shot_dx and shot_dy respectively; grid dividing the second closed region Space2 to obtain a receiver point grid, the receiver point grid comprising a plurality of receiver point grid units, and grid intervals of x and y directions of the grid being rece_dx and rece_dy respectively; the supplementing missing shot points and receiver points in the grid comprises: traversing each shot point grid unit in the shot point grid, when there is a projected shot point in the shot point grid unit, supplementing missing receiver points in the receiver point grid unit corresponding to the shot point, and setting seismic data of a seismic trace corresponding to the shot point and the supplemented receiver points corresponding thereto to 0; when there is no projected shot point in the shot point grid unit, then adding a shot point in the shot point grid unit, and supplementing missing receiver points in the receiver point grid unit corresponding to the added shot point, and setting seismic data of a seismic trace corresponding to the added shot point and the corresponding receiver points to 0; when supplementing missing receiver points in the receiver point grid unit corresponding to the shot point, supplementing missing receiver points at a center point of the receiver point grid unit corresponding to the shot point; when supplementing receiver points in the receiver point grid unit corresponding to the added shot point, supplementing the receiver points at a center point of the receiver point grid unit corresponding to the added shot point.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, the supplemented seismic data is common shot point seismic data, and the sorting the supplemented seismic data comprises: converting the supplemented seismic data into a CMP gather. According to the point number xline, line number inline, offset, azimuth and time dimension of each seismic trace of the CMP gather, five-dimensional seismic data is obtained by secondary sorting; wherein the point number xline is the number of the spatial x direction, and the line number inline is the number of the spatial y direction; The same data of the line number inline is extracted from the five-dimensional seismic data to obtain four-dimensional seismic data.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein, The method further comprises: The reconstructed seismic data is sorted according to the CMP gather to obtain and output final data.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein, The device comprises: A memory storing executable instructions; 5. An apparatus, comprising: A processor running the executable instructions in the memory to implement the irregular seismic data reconstruction method according to any one of claims 1-4. The readable storage medium stores a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the irregular seismic data reconstruction method according to any one of claims 1-4. Comprise:

6. A readable storage medium, characterized by, A data input module for inputting the coordinates and corresponding relationship of shot points and receiver points of irregular seismic data; 7. An irregular seismic data reconstruction system characterized by, A grid division module for dividing the irregular seismic data into grids according to the coordinates of the shot points and receiver points, and supplementing the shot points and / or receiver points missing in the irregular seismic data through the data input module; A data sorting module for sorting the supplemented seismic data into CMP gathers, and performing secondary sorting according to the point number xline, line number inline, offset, azimuth and time dimension of the seismic trace to obtain five-dimensional seismic data; A reconstruction module for reconstructing the four-dimensional seismic data extracted from the five-dimensional seismic data by the line number inline through the POCS iterative algorithm and Fourier transform, and sorting the four-dimensional seismic data into CMP gathers through the data sorting module; The grid comprises a shot point grid and a receiver point grid, and the grid division of the irregular seismic data comprises: Respectively scanning a plurality of shot points and a plurality of receiver points of the irregular seismic data to obtain the maximum value sx_max and the minimum value sx_min of the x coordinate, the maximum value sy_max and the minimum value sy_min of the y coordinate of the shot points, form a first closed region Space1, and obtain the maximum value rx_max and the minimum value rx_min of the x coordinate, the maximum value ry_max and the minimum value sy_min of the y coordinate of the receiver points, form a second closed region Space2; The first closed region Space1 is divided into a shot point grid to obtain a plurality of shot point grid units, and the x direction and y direction grid intervals of the grid are shot_dx and shot_dy, respectively; ​ ​ Grid division is performed on the second closed area Space2 to obtain a receiver grid, the receiver grid comprising a plurality of receiver grid units, and the x direction and y direction grid intervals of the grid being rece_dx and rece_dy respectively; Supplementing missing shot points and receivers in the grid comprises: Traversing each shot grid unit in the shot grid, when there is a projected shot point in the shot grid unit, supplementing missing receivers in the receiver grid unit corresponding to the shot point, and setting the seismic data of the seismic trace corresponding to the shot point and the supplemented receivers corresponding thereto to 0; when there is no projected shot point in the shot grid unit, then adding a shot point in the shot grid unit, and supplementing missing receivers in the receiver grid unit of the receiver grid corresponding to the added shot point, and setting the seismic data of the seismic trace corresponding to the added shot point and the corresponding receivers to 0; When supplementing missing receivers in the receiver grid unit corresponding to the shot point, the missing receivers are supplemented at the center point of the receiver grid unit corresponding to the shot point; When supplementing receivers in the receiver grid unit of the receiver grid corresponding to the added shot point, the receivers are supplemented at the center point of the receiver grid unit corresponding to the added shot point.

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