A silk powder coaxial laser manufacturing method and device

Abstract

The present invention provides a silk powder coaxial laser manufacturing method and device, belonging to the field of laser manufacturing. Based on the principle of refraction and spectroscopy, a lens spectroscopy module is designed in the laser manufacturing device to divide the collimated light beam into four parallel light beams. The four parallel light beams have uniform energy and equal cross-sectional areas. They are transmitted through a focusing module and a reflection module, and converged by a focusing lens, so that the laser evenly wraps the metal wire and powder material. Based on the device, a silk powder coaxial laser manufacturing method can be realized, which is suitable for manufacturing methods such as laser additive manufacturing and laser welding. The present invention can realize the precise coaxial transportation of wire, powder material and light beam by adjusting the light-silk-powder coaxial coupling device through light beam spectroscopy, thereby realizing silk powder coaxial laser manufacturing; the present invention can improve material utilization, part quality and deposition efficiency; while realizing the flexible combination of wire and powder materials, it can realize high-quality laser manufacturing of complex parts.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of laser manufacturing, and relates to a silk powder coaxial laser manufacturing method and device. Background Art

[0002] Laser additive manufacturing technology is different from traditional subtractive processing technology in the process of building parts. It uses computer-aided software to design a three-dimensional digital model, and then layers and slices the digital model to obtain a series of two-dimensional contour data, which are transmitted to the laser additive equipment. The laser beam is controlled by the geometric data of each layer of the cross section, and the raw materials are melted and deposited according to the predetermined trajectory, so as to build parts layer by layer. This makes it possible to save a series of processes such as casting, forging and mold design in traditional subtractive processing technology, greatly shortening the manufacturing cycle of parts.

[0003] According to the different forms of raw materials, laser additive manufacturing can be divided into powder laser additive manufacturing and wire laser additive manufacturing. Both laser additive manufacturing methods have their own shortcomings. Powder laser additive manufacturing technology has the following disadvantages: 1) The powder utilization rate is low, and the recycled powder may affect the performance of parts. 2) The high temperature environment in the laser additive manufacturing process makes the powder material a safety hazard, the powder particle size is small, and it is easy to produce dust pollution. 3) The preparation process of powder materials is complicated, the requirements for equipment are strict, the economic cost is high, and some materials are difficult to powder. Wire laser additive manufacturing technology has the following disadvantages: 1) The relative position relationship between the wire feeding direction and the deposition direction needs to be considered at the same time, and the flexibility is low. 2) The composition and precision of the parts are limited by the quality of the wire. 3) It is difficult to change the composition and ratio of the wire to adjust the performance of the parts. Therefore, in laser additive manufacturing, coupling wire feeding and powder feeding will have the following advantages: high forming efficiency, the composition and ratio of powder materials, the type and diameter of wire materials, etc. can be adjusted according to the service performance of the parts, and appropriate process parameters can be selected; high flexibility, the addition of wire materials can control the size of the deposited layer, the addition of powder provides a reinforcing phase, and by adjusting the powder feeding amount, precise control of the volume fraction of the reinforcing phase in the composite material can be achieved.

[0004] Some scholars have conducted in-depth research on the optical path design and equipment manufacturing of silk-powder coaxial:

[0005] Patent CN114043091A designs a laser additive manufacturing device with coaxial silk powder feeding, which splits the light beam through a collimator, a rotationally symmetrical prism and a first coupling prism, and finally converges the light beam through an aspheric focusing lens. A rotationally symmetrical prism and a first coupling prism are used in the optical path. The prism has a complex shape, and the manufacturing requirements and costs are expensive. In addition, there are too many prisms in the optical path, resulting in large laser energy losses. In addition, no prism adjustment device is designed, and the optical path debugging process is complicated. The laser additive manufacturing device uses a built-in powder feeding tube in the laser head, which has a high internal temperature and is easy to damage the powder tube. If problems occur, it is difficult to repair. In addition, the aspheric focusing lens is too close to the molten pool, and no protective lens is provided. The residue in the molten pool splashes, which can easily damage the lens.

[0006] Patent CN115302076A designs a coaxial wire feeding optical path system for laser processing equipment. The optical path uses a collimating lens, a first reflecting lens, a beam splitter, and a second reflecting lens to split the light beam. The laser first starts from the vertical direction (Z axis), then reflects to the horizontal direction (Y axis), reflects to the horizontal direction (X axis), and finally reflects to the vertical direction (Z axis). The laser undergoes multiple changes in direction in the optical path. The optical path design is complex, the number of lenses is large, and the optical path debugging is difficult during the assembly process, which can easily cause the laser direction to deviate. At the same time, it can only realize wire-type laser additive manufacturing, and cannot realize silk powder coaxial additive manufacturing. The existing silk powder coaxial laser manufacturing devices are relatively few, and the optical path design is complex. The lens and equipment processing is difficult, and it is difficult to apply in practice.

[0007] Patent CN114643410 A designs a coaxial wire feeding laser manufacturing method and device, which adopts a splitting-focusing optical path in the laser head. The optical path can only realize the splitting of two light beams. The two laser beams cannot evenly wrap the metal wire material to make it evenly heated. The quality of the surface deposition layer obtained is low. At the same time, it can only realize wire-type laser additive manufacturing, and cannot realize silk powder coaxial additive manufacturing, especially the manufacturing of functional gradient materials.

[0008] Therefore, it is necessary to design a more efficient and simple optical path splitting and related mechanical structure. Summary of the invention

[0009] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention proposes a silk-powder coaxial laser manufacturing method and device. Due to the design of the light splitting-focusing optical path, the powder delivery nozzle and the light-silk-powder coaxial coupling device, the present invention can solve the problem that the wire and powder materials cannot be used at the same time, thereby realizing the manufacturing of complex parts, especially functional gradient parts.

[0010] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented by the following technical solutions:

[0011] A silk powder coaxial laser manufacturing device is used to realize silk powder coaxial laser additive manufacturing. The laser additive manufacturing device comprises an optical fiber interface module 2, a collimating beam expansion module 3, a YZ beam position adjustment device 6, a lens splitting module 7, a laser manufacturing device body 26 and a focusing module 29.

[0012] The collimating and beam expanding module 3 is provided with a collimating mirror 4, which is used to expand the diameter of the laser beam transmitted from the optical fiber and reduce the divergence angle; the entrance of the collimating and beam expanding module 3 is connected to the optical fiber interface module 2, and a YZ beam position adjustment device 6 and a laser manufacturing device body 26 are provided at the exit of the collimating and beam expanding module 3.

[0013] The laser manufacturing device body 26 is provided with a lens splitter module 7, an external water cooling device 8, a reflection module 9, a focusing lens 10, a wire feeding tube A13, a wire feeding tube B16 and a focusing module 29, wherein the lens splitter module 7 coincides with the axis of the collimator 4. The laser beam 1 is collimated by the collimator 4 and reaches the lens splitter module 7 through the YZ beam position adjustment device 6, and the laser beam 1 is divided into four parallel beams by the lens splitter module 7 based on the refraction splitting. After the four parallel beams are adjusted by the focusing module 29, they are transmitted by the reflection module 9 and finally focused by the focusing lens 10. The four parallel beams are finally focused below the exit position of the powder delivery nozzle 11; wherein the lens splitter module 7, the reflection module 9, the focusing lens 10 and the focusing module 29 are all arranged on the lens support 21. The YZ beam position adjustment device 6 can ensure the coaxiality of the collimator 4 and the lens splitter module 7 in the two dimensions of YZ, and ensure the uniform splitting of the four parallel beams. The collimator 4, the lens splitter module 7, the reflector module 9, the focusing lens 10 and the focusing module 29 of the present invention constitute the optical path in the device. At the same time, the powder feeding tube A13 delivers the powder material 12 to the laser focal position through the powder feeding channel in the powder delivery nozzle 11, and the wire feeding tube B16 sequentially passes through the reflector module 9 and the focusing lens 10 to deliver the metal wire 14 to the laser focal position. The laser and the metal wire 14 and the powder material 12 adjust the position of the wire tube and the coaxial powder path on the horizontal plane XOY through the light-wire-powder coaxial coupling device to achieve precise coupling of laser-wire-powder material, thereby realizing wire-powder coaxial laser additive manufacturing.

[0014] Furthermore, in the laser manufacturing device, protective lenses 5 are provided at the inlet and outlet positions of the collimating and beam expanding module 3 and below the focusing lens 10 to protect the lenses in the laser manufacturing device from external environmental pollution or damage from splashes during the additive process.

[0015] Furthermore, the laser manufacturing device is based on refractive spectrometry, and the spectrometry is achieved by a lens spectrometer module 7. The surface of the lens spectrometer module is composed of a plane, which is easy to manufacture and has low cost. The four parallel light beams that appear after spectrometry are four centrally symmetrical parallel light beams with the center point of the original collimated light beam as the center of symmetry. The cross-sectional shape of each parallel light beam is approximately a quarter circle, and it has the characteristics of uniform energy distribution and equal cross-section, and there is no focal point of the laser inside the laser manufacturing device.

[0016] Furthermore, 2 to 6 evenly distributed powder delivery channels may be provided on the edge of the powder delivery nozzle 11 for connecting to the powder delivery pipe A13 , and the powder delivery pipe A13 is connected to the powder delivery channels for delivering the powder material 12 .

[0017] Furthermore, the metal wire 14 needs to pass through a wire straightening device 15 before entering the wire feeding tube B16, so as to straighten the metal wire 14 to prevent the metal wire 14 from bending and causing difficulty in wire feeding.

[0018] Furthermore, the heat dissipation copper nozzle 17 is a detachable part, which has a thread inside for connecting the wire feeding tube B16, which is used to prevent the wire feeding tube B16 from being damaged by excessive temperature (too close to the molten pool), and facilitates timely replacement of damaged heat dissipation copper nozzles.

[0019] Furthermore, the two focusing modules (29) can realize a small rotation of the plane reflector within 0° to 5° and a movement perpendicular to the direction of the light beam through the fine-tuning lens support (21). By rotating the reflector, the transmission direction of the four parallel light beams can be changed to adjust the focal length of the laser. The focal length adjustment range is f±10mm, where f represents the focal length. In addition, by moving the reflector, the reflector can be separated from or connected to the optical path to realize the operation and stop of the focusing module, thereby realizing the selective focusing of the silk powder coaxial laser manufacturing device.

[0020] A coaxial wire feeding laser manufacturing method based on the above device, the method comprising the following steps:

[0021] The first step is to load the powder material 12 into the powder feeder and slowly send it out to the entrance of the powder feeding tube A13 through the powder feeder. The powder material 12 is TiC, TC4, GH4169, alumina, zirconia, high entropy alloy, titanium-nickel alloy or other metals, and the diameter of the powder material is 14μm to 61μm. Adjust the wire straightening device 15, feed the metal wire 14, and ensure that the collimation of the wire meets the manufacturing requirements. The metal wire 14 is aluminum alloy, titanium alloy, copper alloy, steel, nickel-based alloy and other metals, and the diameter of the metal wire 14 is 0.5mm to 1.5mm. Determine the appropriate laser focal length according to the sample structure and laser processing process conditions, and adjust the four parallel beams through the focusing module 29 so that the focal length of the processing head reaches a certain value. The adjustable range of the focal length is f±10mm, where f represents the focal length.

[0022] In the second step, the laser power is set to 500-4000W, where Select wire feeding speed V 1 , Laser head scanning speed V 2 and powder feeding speed V 3 Where R is the wire radius, in mm; V 1 is the wire feeding speed, in mm / s; V 2 is the scanning speed of the laser head, in mm / s; V 3 is the powder feeding speed, in g / s; P is the laser power, in W; ρ is the powder material density, in g / mm 3 .

[0023] The third step is to fix the wire feeding tube by the wire feeding tube clamping device 23, adjust the light-wire-powder coaxial coupling device 20, realize the position adjustment of the wire feeding tube B16 and the powder delivery nozzle 11 in the horizontal plane, ensure the coaxial precise coupling of the laser, wire and powder materials, so that the wire and powder materials can be accurately aligned with the focus. The wire feeding tube Z dimension constraint device 18 is used to adjust the vertical position of the wire feeding tube B16 so that the front end of the heat dissipation copper nozzle 17 is located 5 to 10 mm above the focus, and the metal wire is sent out 2 to 4 mm outside the outlet of the heat dissipation copper nozzle.

[0024] Step 4: Before processing, shielding gas is delivered to the powder delivery nozzle 11 through the shielding gas delivery port 19. Cooling water is introduced to cool the collimator 4, focusing lens 10, lens spectrometer module 7 and reflection module 9, and the sample is formed according to the program set by the machine tool. After the sample is prepared, the wire feeder, powder feeder, laser, cooling water and shielding gas are turned off in sequence.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention has the following main beneficial effects:

[0026] (1) The present invention adopts a refraction splitting method, and a lens splitting module can be used to split the laser beam into four parallel lights with equal energy and cross-section. These parallel lights are converged onto the molten pool on the surface of the substrate through a focusing lens. The laser uniformly wraps the metal wire and powder material so that they are evenly heated, thereby obtaining a deposition layer with a high-quality surface. The hollow area formed by the laser beam is used for wire feeding, thereby realizing coaxial coupling of the laser, the metal wire and the powder material.

[0027] (2) The refractive spectroscopic optical path of the present invention has only five optical elements and a compact structure. The spectroscopic lens module, the reflection module and the focusing module are only composed of planes without complex geometric shapes. The focusing lens has a standard manufacturing process, which reduces the processing difficulty and manufacturing cost of the lens.

[0028] (3) The silk-powder coaxial laser manufacturing method of the present invention can realize the precise coupling of wire material, powder material and laser beam through the design of splitting-focusing optical path, powder delivery nozzle and light-silk-powder coaxial coupling device. At the same time, the combined use of wire material and powder material improves the material utilization rate, flexibility of component preparation, energy absorption rate, component quality and deposition efficiency, etc., and can realize the laser manufacturing of complex parts. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 This is an outline diagram of the external structure of the silk powder coaxial laser manufacturing device of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 For along Figure 1 Middle BB section;

[0031] Figure 3 For along Figure 1 Middle AA section;

[0032] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the internal optical path of the silk powder coaxial laser manufacturing device of the present invention (a cross-sectional view of each part along the optical path); CC is Figure 3 Corresponding to the optical path diagram at the marked position, DD is Figure 2 Corresponding to the optical path diagram at the marked position, EE is Figure 2 Corresponding to the optical path diagram at the marked position, FF is Figure 2 Light path diagram at corresponding marked locations.

[0033] In the figure: 1 laser beam; 2 optical fiber interface module; 3 collimation and beam expansion module; 4 collimator; 5 protective lens; 6 Y-Z beam position adjustment device; 7 lens splitter module; 8 external water cooling device; 9 reflection module; 10 focusing lens; 11 powder delivery nozzle; 12 powder material; 13 powder delivery tube A; 14 metal wire; 15 wire straightening device; 16 wire feeding tube B; 17 heat dissipation copper nozzle; 18 wire feeding tube Z dimension constraint device; 19 protective gas delivery port; 20 light-wire-powder coaxial coupling device; 21 lens support; 22 lens support adjustment device; 23 wire feeding tube clamping device; 24 square water cooling device; 25 laser head clamping device; 26 laser manufacturing device body; 27 sample; 28 substrate; 29 focusing module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Taking the silk powder coaxial laser manufacturing device forming TiCp / TC4 composite material as an example, a specific implementation method is given:

[0035] A method for coaxial laser manufacturing of silk and powder, and a device for coaxially conveying laser, silk and powder materials are as follows:

[0036] like Figure 3As shown, the optical fiber is inserted into the optical fiber interface module 2 and connected and fixed, and the laser beam 1 is emitted from the optical fiber. The diameter of the laser beam 1 just emitted is very small and has a certain divergence angle. Therefore, after the laser beam 1 is emitted from the optical fiber, it first passes through the collimator 4 to expand the beam diameter and reduce the divergence angle, thereby reducing the laser energy density and ensuring the accuracy of the optical path. Protective lenses 5 are respectively provided at the inlet and outlet positions of the collimator and beam expander module 3 to prevent dust from entering the collimator and beam expander module to contaminate the lenses. At the same time, a circulating water circuit is provided in the collimator and beam expander module 3, and cooling water flows through the circulating water circuit to cool the collimator 4. After passing through the collimator and beam expander module 3, the laser beam 1 is adjusted to a parallel beam of the required diameter, and then the beam enters the YZ beam position adjustment device 6. The YZ beam position adjustment device makes the collimator 4 coaxial with the axis of the lens splitter module 7. The beam adjusted by the YZ beam position adjustment device 6 enters the main part of the laser manufacturing device. First, the beam is divided into four parallel beams of equal cross-sectional area by the lens splitter module 7, and then the four parallel beams are incident on the reflection module 9. As shown Figure 2 As shown, the light beam incident on the reflection module 9 turns 90 degrees and is incident downward on the focusing lens 10. The four laser beams are finally converged below the exit position of the powder delivery nozzle 11 through the focusing lens 10. Figure 4 As shown in the cross-sectional views of various parts along the optical path, the optical path is split into four symmetrical parallel beams with the center point of the laser beam 1 as the symmetry center. The cross-sectional shape of each parallel beam is approximately a quarter circle, and the energy distribution is uniform.

[0037] The reflection module 9, the focusing lens 10 and the protective lens 5 below the focusing lens are all provided with through holes. The wire feeding tube B16 is inserted through the top of the processing head, and passes through the reflection module 9, the focusing lens 10 and the protective lens 5 below the focusing lens in sequence, so that the metal wire 14 can be fed into the molten pool from the center of the four laser beams. A heat dissipation copper nozzle 17 is configured at the outlet of the wire feeding tube B16 to improve the heat dissipation efficiency at the outlet of the wire feeding tube B16. The protective lens 5 below the focusing lens 10 can prevent the melt from splashing and damaging the focusing lens during the additive process. At the same time, a wire feeding tube Z dimension constraint device 18 is provided at the center of the protective lens. The device can be used to control the length of the wire feeding tube B16 extending out of the heat dissipation copper nozzle 17, thereby controlling the distance between the wire outlet position and the laser focus. The wire feeding tube B16 is equipped with a wire feeding tube clamping device 23 at the entrance position of the processing head. The device can bear the external force during the wire transportation process and ensure the rigidity of the wire feeding tube. A wire straightening device 15 is provided above the wire feeding tube clamping device 23, which drives the top plate to move by adjusting the top screw, thereby driving the roller to extrude the wire, thereby achieving straightening.

[0038] The powder material 12 is transported to the powder feeding pipe A13 through the powder feeder, and the powder feeding pipe A13 transports the powder material 12 to the powder delivery nozzle 11, and then transports it to the laser focus position through four symmetrically distributed powder delivery channels inside the powder delivery nozzle 11. At the same time, the metal wire 14 is straightened by the wire straightening device 15 and then enters the wire feeding tube B16, and is transported to the laser focus position through the wire feeding tube B16. The laser manufacturing device is equipped with a light-wire-powder coaxial coupling device 20, which can adjust the powder material 12 and the metal wire 14 in two dimensions in the horizontal direction, thereby realizing the precise coupling of the metal wire, the powder material and the laser focus, and when the powder feeding module or the wire feeding module is used alone, the precise coupling of the powder material and the laser focus or the metal wire and the laser focus can also be realized.

[0039] The laser manufacturing device is equipped with a protective gas delivery port 19 at the nozzle, through which high-purity argon, nitrogen and other inert gases can be delivered. The protective gas converges through the powder delivery nozzle 11 to achieve coaxial inert gas protection during the additive manufacturing process.

[0040] The optical fiber interface module 2 is a standard LLKD, QBH or other dedicated optical fiber interface.

[0041] A square water cooling device 24 is provided in the outer shell of the focusing lens 10, and cooling water is passed into the internal flow channel to cool the focusing lens 10. In addition, water cooling module installation positions are reserved outside the shell at the positions of the lens splitting module 7 and the reflection module 9. When the laser power is high, an external water cooling module can be installed according to actual needs.

[0042] The lens splitter module 7, the reflection module 9 and the focusing lens 10 are all equipped with a lens support 21, wherein the lens splitter module 7 and the reflection module 9 can be adjusted by a lens support adjustment device 22 to achieve fine adjustment of the lens in three directions of XYZ. The two focusing modules (29) can achieve a small rotation of the plane reflector within 0° to 5° and a movement perpendicular to the direction of the light beam by fine-tuning the lens support (21). By rotating the reflector to change the transmission direction of the four parallel light beams, the laser focal length can be adjusted, and the focal length adjustment range is 150±10mm. In addition, by moving the reflector, the reflector can be separated or connected from the optical path to achieve the operation and stop of the focusing module, thereby achieving the selective focusing of the silk powder coaxial laser manufacturing device.

[0043] The lens support 21 at the focusing lens 10 can be rotated 360 degrees in a horizontal plane. After the laser manufacturing device has been working for a period of time, the lens support 21 can be rotated, thereby increasing the service life of the focusing lens.

[0044] A laser head clamping device 25 is arranged outside the shell of the laser manufacturing device for fixing and installing the laser manufacturing device.

[0045] A silk powder coaxial laser manufacturing method, the method comprising the following steps:

[0046] The first step is to insert the optical fiber into the optical fiber interface 2 and connect it. Fix the polished, cleaned and dried substrate 28 on the machine tool motion platform. Load the TiCp powder material into the powder feeder. Load the 1.2mm TC4 wire into the wire feeder, and slowly feed it through the wire feeding tube B16 to the outlet position of the wire feeding tube B16. Adjust the wire straightening device 15 to ensure that the TC4 wire is aligned within a distance of 20mm outside the wire feeding tube, and adjust the focal length of the wire powder coaxial laser manufacturing device to 155mm.

[0047] The second step is to set the laser power to 1000W and select the laser head scanning speed (V 2 ) is 9mm / s, wire feeding speed (V 1 ) is 25mm / s, powder feeding speed (V 3 ) is 2g / min.

[0048] The third step is to fix the wire feeding tube B16 through the wire feeding tube clamping device 23, adjust the light-wire-powder coaxial coupling device 20, and adjust the position of the wire feeding tube B16 and the powder delivery nozzle 11 in the horizontal plane to ensure the coaxial precise coupling of the laser, TiCp powder material and TC4 wire material, so that the TiCp powder material and TC4 wire material can be accurately aligned with the focus after the powder is discharged. The wire feeding tube Z dimension constraint device 18 is used to adjust the vertical position of the wire feeding tube B16 so that the front end of the heat dissipation copper nozzle 17 is located 5mm above the focus, and the metal wire is delivered to 2mm outside the heat dissipation copper nozzle outlet.

[0049] The fourth step is to deliver high-purity argon gas to the powder delivery nozzle 11 through the protective gas delivery port 19, and introduce cooling water to cool the collimator 4, focusing lens 10, lens spectrometer module 7 and reflection module 9. During the forming process, the machine tool runs according to the pre-set program, and the sample is formed layer by layer. After the sample is prepared, the wire feeder, powder feeder, laser, cooling water and protective gas are turned off in turn.

[0050] The present invention can achieve precise coaxial delivery of wire, powder material and light beam by splitting the light beam and adjusting the light-wire-powder coaxial coupling device, thereby realizing coaxial laser manufacturing of wire and powder. Compared with separate powder feeding additive manufacturing and wire feeding additive manufacturing, this method can improve material utilization, part quality and deposition efficiency. At the same time, compared with oblique axis wire feeding manufacturing, it can improve the flexibility of sample preparation and the consistency of organization. This manufacturing method can realize high-quality laser manufacturing of complex parts while realizing the flexible combination of wire and powder materials.

[0051] The above-described embodiments merely express the implementation methods of the present invention, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the patent of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A silk-powder coaxial laser manufacturing device, used to realize laser-wire-powder material coaxial laser manufacturing, characterized in that: The laser manufacturing device comprises an optical fiber interface (2), a collimating beam expansion module (3), a YZ beam position adjustment device (6) and a laser manufacturing device body (26); The collimating and beam expanding module (3) is provided with a collimating mirror (4), which is used to expand the diameter of the laser beam (1) transmitted from the optical fiber and reduce the divergence angle; the entrance of the collimating and beam expanding module (3) is connected to the optical fiber interface module (2), and a YZ beam position adjustment device (6) is provided at the exit of the collimating and beam expanding module (3); the laser beam (1) enters from the optical fiber interface (2), and passes through the collimating mirror (4) and the YZ beam position adjustment device (6) in sequence to enter the laser manufacturing device body (26); The laser manufacturing device body (26) is provided with a lens splitter module (7), a reflection module (9), a focusing lens (10), a powder feeding tube (13), a wire feeding tube (16) and a focusing module (29), wherein the lens splitter module (7) coincides with the axis of the collimator (4); the laser beam (1) passes through the collimator (4) and then through the YZ beam position adjustment device (6) to reach the lens splitter module (7), and based on refraction splitting, the laser beam (1) is split into four parallel beams with equal energy and cross-section through the lens splitter module (7), and the four beams are sequentially split through the lens splitter The four laser beams are finally focused below the outlet position of the powder delivery nozzle (11) through the focusing module (7), the focusing module (29) and the reflection module (9), and finally converged through the focusing lens (10). At the same time, the powder delivery tube (13) delivers the powder material (12) to the laser focus position through the powder delivery channel in the powder delivery nozzle (11), and the wire delivery tube (16) sequentially passes through the reflection module (9) and the focusing lens (10) to deliver the metal wire (14) to the laser focus position. The laser, the powder material (12) and the metal wire (14) are precisely coupled to realize the coaxial laser manufacturing of wire and powder. In the laser manufacturing device body (26), lens supports (21) are provided at the positions of the lens splitter module (7), the reflection module (9), the focusing lens (10) and the focus adjustment module (29); the lens splitter module (7) and the reflection module (9) are adjusted in three directions of X, Y and Z through the lens support adjustment device (22); The main body (26) of the laser manufacturing device is provided with a powder delivery nozzle (11), a powder delivery tube (13), a wire straightening device (15), a wire feeding tube (16), a heat dissipation copper nozzle (17), a wire feeding tube Z-dimensional constraint device (18), and a light-wire-powder coaxial coupling device (20); a powder delivery nozzle (11) is provided at the outlet of the laser manufacturing device, a protective lens (5) and a wire feeding tube Z-dimensional constraint device (18) are provided above the powder delivery nozzle (11), and a protective gas delivery port (19) is reserved on the side of the powder delivery nozzle (11), wherein the wire feeding tube Z-dimensional constraint device (18) is used to realize the adjustment of the wire feeding tube (16) in the vertical direction and adjust the length of the wire feeding tube extending out of the heat dissipation copper nozzle (17); the wire straightening device (15) is provided at the inlet of the wire feeding tube (16) and is used to straighten the metal wire (14); the reflection module (9) and the focusing lens (10) are provided inside A wire feeding hole is arranged, and a wire feeding tube (16) is inserted into the light beam through the wire feeding hole to realize wire feeding in the light beam; a wire feeding tube clamping device (23) is also arranged at the entrance of the wire feeding tube (16) for bearing the external force on the wire feeding tube (16); a heat dissipation copper nozzle (17) is arranged at the outlet of the wire feeding tube (16) to enhance heat dissipation; the powder feeding tube (13) feeds the powder material (12) into the light beam through the powder feeding channel in the powder feeding nozzle (11) to realize powder feeding in the light beam; a top screw is arranged at the protective shell above the powder feeding nozzle (11) to realize the position adjustment of the powder feeding tube (13) and the wire feeding tube (16) in the horizontal plane to ensure the precise coupling of the laser with the powder material (12) and the metal wire (14); a protective gas delivery port (19) is arranged at the powder feeding nozzle (11), and the protective gas is delivered to the periphery of the molten pool through the powder feeding nozzle (11), so as to realize coaxial inert gas protection in the laser manufacturing process.

2. The silk powder coaxial laser manufacturing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser manufacturing device body (26) can not only realize the coaxial manufacturing of laser-powder material-metal wire material, but also realize the coaxial manufacturing of laser-powder material or laser-metal wire material separately.

3. The silk powder coaxial laser manufacturing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The edge of the powder delivery nozzle (11) can be provided with 2 to 6 evenly distributed powder delivery channels for connecting to the powder delivery pipe (13), thereby ensuring even delivery of the powder material, and realizing the manufacture of gradient materials or composite materials by selecting different materials.

4. The silk powder coaxial laser manufacturing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The YZ light beam position adjustment device (6) can ensure the coaxiality of the collimator (4) and the lens light splitting module (7) in two dimensions, thereby ensuring uniform light splitting of the parallel light beam.

5. The silk powder coaxial laser manufacturing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The focusing module (29) can realize the rotation of the plane reflector within 0° to 5° and the movement perpendicular to the direction of the light beam by fine-tuning the lens support (21). The transmission direction of the four parallel light beams can be changed by rotating the reflector to adjust the focal length of the laser. The focal length adjustment range is f±10mm, where f represents the focal length. The reflector can be separated from or connected to the optical path by moving the reflector to realize the operation and stop of the focusing module, thereby realizing the selective focusing of the silk powder coaxial laser manufacturing device.

6. The silk powder coaxial laser manufacturing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the laser manufacturing device, water cooling is provided at the positions of the collimating mirror (4), the focusing lens (10), the lens splitter module (7) and the reflecting module (9); wherein the collimating mirror (4) is cooled by a cooling water circulation circuit in the collimating beam expanding module (3); the focusing lens (10) is cooled by a cooling water circulation circuit in a square water cooling device (24) arranged outside, which has a hollow annular water cooling channel; an external water cooling module is installed outside the shell at the positions of the lens splitter module (7) and the reflecting module (9) for cooling; and a laser head clamping device (25) is arranged outside the shell for fixed installation of the laser manufacturing device.

7. The silk powder coaxial laser manufacturing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser manufacturing device is based on refraction-type light splitting, which is achieved by a lens light splitting module (7). The surface of the lens light splitting module is composed of a plane. The four beams of parallel light that appear after light splitting have uniform energy distribution, and there is no laser focus point inside the laser manufacturing device.

8. The silk powder coaxial laser manufacturing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat dissipation copper nozzle (17) is a detachable part, and has a thread inside for connecting the wire feeding tube (16) to prevent the wire feeding tube (16) from being damaged by over-temperature, so as to facilitate timely replacement of the heat dissipation copper nozzle (17).

9. A silk powder coaxial laser manufacturing method implemented by the device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: In the first step, the powder material (12) is loaded into the powder feeder and slowly fed to the entrance of the powder feeding tube (13) through the powder feeder; the wire straightening device (15) is adjusted to feed the metal wire (14) to ensure that the straightness of the wire meets the manufacturing requirements; the focal length of the wire powder coaxial laser manufacturing device is adjusted to a suitable value according to the experimental requirements, and the laser power is set to 500-4000W. Select wire feeding speed V1, laser head scanning speed V2 and powder feeding speed V3; where R is the wire radius, in mm; V1 is the wire feeding speed, in mm / s; V2 is the laser head scanning speed, in mm / s; V3 is the powder feeding speed, in g / min; P is the laser power, in W, and ρ is the powder material density, in g / mm 3 ; The second step is to fix the wire feeding tube by means of the wire feeding tube clamping device (23), adjust the light-wire-powder coaxial coupling device (20), and adjust the position of the wire feeding tube (16) and the powder delivery nozzle (11) in the horizontal plane, so as to ensure the coaxial and precise coupling of the laser, the wire material and the powder material, so that the wire material and the powder material can be accurately aligned with the focus; adjust the position of the wire feeding tube (16) in the vertical direction by means of the wire feeding tube Z dimension constraint device (18), so that the front end of the heat dissipation copper nozzle (17) is located 5 to 10 mm above the focus, and at the same time, the metal wire (14) is delivered to 2 to 4 mm outside the outlet of the heat dissipation copper nozzle (17); The third step is to deliver protective gas to the powder delivery nozzle (11) through the protective gas delivery port (19) before processing; introduce cooling water to cool the collimator (4), focusing lens (10), lens spectrometer module (7) and reflection module (9); and perform sample forming according to the program set by the machine tool. After the sample preparation is completed, turn off the wire feeder, powder feeder, laser, cooling water and protective gas in turn.

10. The silk powder coaxial laser manufacturing method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The powder material (12) is metal or ceramic powder, and the diameter of the powder material is 20 μm to 150 μm, wherein the metal includes titanium alloy, high-temperature alloy, iron-based alloy, and the ceramic includes oxide ceramic and carbide ceramic; the metal wire (14) is alloy, titanium alloy, copper alloy, steel, nickel-based alloy or other metal, and the diameter of the wire is 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm.

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