Digital modulated reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna

Abstract

This invention relates to a digitally modulated reconfigurable leaky antenna, comprising a dielectric substrate, a DC bias circuit board, and multiple digitally phase-reconfigurable radiating elements. A top metal patch is disposed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, and a bottom metal ground plane is disposed on the lower surface. The digitally phase-reconfigurable radiating elements are connected to the bottom metal ground plane. Control switches are disposed at both ends of the DC bias circuit board, and the digitally phase-reconfigurable radiating elements are connected to the control switches. Feed ports are disposed at both ends of the dielectric substrate to power and excite the antenna. An electromagnetic metasurface structure is fixed on the DC bias circuit board with nylon screws. The electromagnetic metasurface structure introduces a uniform electric field distribution, improving the radiation gain. This invention introduces frequency as a new modulation dimension, expanding channel capacity. By combining digital modulation and leaky radiation, and utilizing digital coding sequences, broadband digital beam switching, beamforming, digital information modulation, and channel capacity enhancement are efficiently achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a digitally modulated reconfigurable leaky antenna. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of 5G / 6G wireless communication and smart IoT technologies, wireless communication systems need to provide high-speed, low-latency, and high-stability communication services for different application scenarios. However, traditional base station antennas, due to their single or fixed radiation patterns, are difficult to meet the demands of complex channel environments and high-quality communication. Controllable radiation antennas are a type of radiator structure that utilizes controlled feed networks, electromechanical servo systems, or electronic switching devices to achieve reconfigurable radiation beams. Therefore, facing complex and ever-changing application scenarios and high-quality transmission and reception services, controllable radiation antennas can effectively improve channel fading, enhance channel capacity, and improve the speed and quality of wireless communication by flexibly adjusting the direction and shape of the radiation beam.

[0003] Currently, controllable radiation antennas can be broadly categorized into four types: pattern-reconfigurable antennas, phased arrays, digital bit arrays, and digitally modulated metasurfaces (reconfigurable smart surfaces). Pattern-reconfigurable antennas typically use electronic switching elements to reshape the surface field distribution of the radiation source, thereby achieving beam switching. However, this approach is limited by the area of ​​the radiation source's aperture, resulting in low radiation gain and difficulty meeting the communication requirements of outdoor macro base stations. Phased arrays typically use controlled transceiver components to control the feed phase and radiation of array elements, achieving large-angle beam scanning and flexible beamforming. However, this approach requires a large number of array elements and a correspondingly large number of transceiver components, leading to high cost and large size, making it difficult to meet the needs of large-scale base station antenna applications. Digital bit arrays introduce the concept of digital phase, digitizing the excitation phase of array elements to achieve beam control at low cost. However, due to limitations in digital phase, this approach suffers from bandwidth constraints and complex feed networks, making it difficult to meet the requirements of broadband, high-quality communication transmission and reception. Digitally modulated metasurfaces (reconfigurable smart surfaces), as a novel type of intelligent controlled radiator, can achieve switching of spatial radiation beams and direct modulation of digital signals through surface-loaded switching elements. However, due to limitations in spatial wave modulation mechanisms, this approach still suffers from problems such as large size, high profile, and complex control circuits, making it difficult to meet the application requirements of miniaturized communication devices and space-constrained scenarios.

[0004] Therefore, current radiating controllable antennas have drawbacks and problems such as large size (high profile), complex control structure, narrow bandwidth, and limited reconfigurability of radiation beam. As a result, existing radiating controllable antennas are difficult to meet the application requirements of large-scale high-quality wireless communication base stations in different scenarios.

[0005] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the background section above is only used to enhance the understanding of the background of this disclosure, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a digitally modulated reconfigurable leaky antenna. This avoids the problems of large overall size (high profile) and complex structure of traditional phased array and digitally modulated surface antennas. It also solves the problems of narrow bandwidth and poor radiation stability of traditional pattern reconfigurable antennas and digital bit arrays. Furthermore, it solves the problems of numerous control elements, complex control circuits, and high cost of traditional radiating reconfigurable antennas due to the limitations of the control method.

[0007] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution: a digitally modulated reconfigurable leaky antenna, comprising a one-dimensional digitally modulated reconfigurable leaky antenna, wherein the one-dimensional digitally modulated reconfigurable leaky antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, a DC bias circuit substrate, and multiple digital phase reconfigurable radiating elements. A top metal patch is disposed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, and a bottom metal ground plane is disposed on the lower surface. The digital phase reconfigurable radiating elements are connected to the bottom metal ground plane. Control switches are respectively disposed at both ends of the DC bias circuit substrate, and the digital phase reconfigurable radiating elements are connected to the control switches. The radiating phase of each digital reconfigurable element is electrically controlled and selected by the control switches on both sides, forming a digital encoding control sequence of 0 and 1.

[0008] Feed ports are provided at both ends of the dielectric substrate to enable the antenna to be fed. An electromagnetic metasurface structure is fixed on the DC bias circuit substrate by nylon screws. The electromagnetic metasurface structure introduces a uniform electric field distribution, improves the radiation aperture, and increases the radiation gain.

[0009] The digital phase reconfigurable radiation unit includes a long slot in the middle of the top metal patch, metal short-circuit posts at both ends of the long slot, an annular slot groove etched around the metal short-circuit posts, a metal short-circuit electric wall on the outside of the annular slot groove, and an electronic switch and a DC control circuit mounted on a DC bias circuit substrate. The top metal patch, the metal short-circuit electric wall, the dielectric substrate, and the bottom metal ground plane constitute a substrate integrated waveguide structure for energy transmission and leakage radiation.

[0010] One end of the electronic switch is connected to the annular slot, and the other end is connected to the DC control circuit. The DC control circuit is connected to the control switch, which controls the selection of the closed and open states of the electronic switch.

[0011] The metal short-circuit electrical walls are arranged in at least one row along the dielectric substrate. The two ends of the metal short-circuit electrical walls are respectively connected to the top metal patch and the bottom metal ground plane. The shape of the metal short-circuit electrical walls includes one of cylindrical, square, and prismatic shapes, and are used as metal electrical walls on both sides of the substrate integrated waveguide structure.

[0012] The elongated slot has a shape that includes one of rectangular, elliptical, and elongated linear closed slots, and is used to cut the surface current of the transmission mode in the substrate integrated waveguide structure, thereby forming effective radiation.

[0013] The bottom end of the metal shorting post is connected to the bottom metal floor, and the top end is connected to the annular slot. The annular slot is connected to the top metal patch. The annular slot separates the metal shorting post from the top metal patch. The shape of the metal shorting post includes one of cylindrical, square, and prismatic shapes. It is used to control the edge size of the substrate integrated waveguide, squeeze the electric field distribution of the transmission mode of the substrate integrated waveguide structure, and realize effective radiation and digital radiation phase selection.

[0014] The electronic switch is connected across both sides of the annular slot. The electronic switch controls the connection and disconnection between the metal short-circuit post and the top metal patch, enabling the digital phase reconfigurable radiation unit to select and switch between radiation phase 0 and 1 states.

[0015] A digitally modulated reconfigurable leaky antenna includes a two-dimensional digitally modulated reconfigurable leaky antenna in the form of a planar array composed of multiple one-dimensional digitally modulated reconfigurable leaky antennas arranged sequentially.

[0016] The present invention has the following advantages:

[0017] 1. A novel digital phase reconfigurable unit is proposed, which realizes flexible electrical switching of digital phase with compact size and low cost;

[0018] 2. By arranging and combining multiple digital phase reconfigurable units into a leaky waveform, the complex feeding network required by traditional arrays is omitted, and broadband digital beam modulation is achieved simply by selecting the digital coding sequence.

[0019] 3. Introducing frequency as a new modulation dimension enhances the modulation dimension of digital signals, increases channel capacity, and introduces electromagnetic metasurface structures into reconfigurable leaky antennas. Without changing the digital phase distribution on the aperture field, a uniform electric field distribution is constructed, achieving high-gain radiation.

[0020] 4. Introducing frequency as a new modulation dimension expands channel capacity; by combining digital modulation and leaky radiation, and utilizing digital coding sequences, broadband digital beam switching and beamforming are efficiently achieved.

[0021] 5. It has flexible design freedom and can be extended into various radiation modulation forms such as linear, planar and conformal. It has the advantages of small size, simple structure, low cost, high radiation performance, flexible beam control and large information loading dimension. The overall antenna size is small and the required control components and circuits are simplified. It can be used for high-quality wireless communication and high-speed intelligent communication in direct digital modulation in different scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional view of the one-dimensional digital modulation reconfigurable leaky antenna of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a digital phase-reconfigurable radiating element;

[0024] Figure 3 Impedance bandwidth diagram of a one-dimensional digitally modulated reconfigurable leaky antenna;

[0025] Figure 4 A diagram showing the digital modulation radiation performance of a one-dimensional digitally modulated reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna.

[0026] Figure 5 A three-dimensional view of a two-dimensional digitally modulated reconfigurable leaky antenna;

[0027] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the planar digital coding distribution corresponding to a two-dimensional digitally modulated reconfigurable leaky antenna;

[0028] Figure 7 The digital modulation radiation performance diagram is shown for a two-dimensional digitally modulated reconfigurable leaky antenna.

[0029] In the diagram: 1-Digital phase reconfigurable radiating element, 2-Top metal patch, 3-Metal short-circuit electric wall, 4-Dielectric substrate, 5-Bottom metal ground plane, 6-Long slot, 7-Metal short-circuit post, 8-Annular slot, 9-Electronic switch, 10-DC control circuit, 11-One-dimensional digital modulation reconfigurable leaky antenna, 12-Feed port, 13-Control switch, 14-DC bias circuit board, 15-Electromagnetic metasurface structure, 16-Nylon screw. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this application described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the detailed description of the embodiments of this application provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the claimed application, but merely represents selected embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application. The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0031] To address the limitations and shortcomings of existing radiation-controllable antennas in achieving flexible beam reconfiguration while simultaneously achieving miniaturization, low cost, wide bandwidth, structural simplification, and multi-dimensional digital information loading, this invention proposes a novel digital modulation reconfigurable leaky antenna.

[0032] Example 1, as Figure 1 As shown, in an embodiment of the one-dimensional digitally modulated reconfigurable leaky antenna 11, a novel digital phase reconfigurable radiating element 1 is proposed based on reconfigurable technology and digital modulation principle. The digital phase reconfigurable radiating element 1 consists of a top metal patch 2, two symmetrical metal short-circuit electrical walls 3, a low-loss dielectric substrate 4 in the middle, a bottom metal ground plane 5, a long groove 6 in the middle of the top metal patch, metal short-circuit pillars 7 at the edges, an annular slot 8 etched on the top of the metal short-circuit pillars 7, an electronic switch 9 connected across the annular slot 8, and a DC control circuit 10 corresponding to the electronic switch 9.

[0033] like Figure 2 As shown, a substrate integrated waveguide structure is formed by a top metal patch 2, two symmetrical metal short-circuit electrical walls 3, a dielectric substrate 4 in the middle, and a bottom metal ground plane 5, used to excite TE10 mode energy transmission. The top metal patch 2 serves as the upper surface metal structure of the substrate integrated waveguide structure and is implemented on the upper surface of the low-loss dielectric substrate 4 in the middle. The two symmetrical metal short-circuit electrical walls 3 serve as the metal electrical walls on both sides of the substrate integrated waveguide structure. Laterally arranged metal short-circuit pillars 7 are embedded in the middle of the low-loss dielectric substrate 4, with both ends connected to the top metal patch 2 and the bottom metal ground plane 5. These pillars can be cylindrical, square, prismatic, etc., and can be arranged uniformly or non-uniformly, in one or more rows. The dielectric substrate 4 serves as the carrier for the antenna, with the top metal patch 2 and the bottom metal ground plane 5 on the top and bottom sides, respectively, and are low-loss dielectric substrates.

[0034] The bottom metal ground plane 5 serves as the lower surface metal structure of the substrate integrated waveguide structure and is implemented on the lower surface of the low-loss dielectric substrate 4 in the middle. The long groove 6 in the middle of the top metal patch is used to cut the transmission mode in the substrate integrated waveguide to form effective radiation. It is etched in the middle position of the top metal patch 2 and can be rectangular, elliptical, long linear closed slot, etc.

[0035] The edge-mounted metal shorting post 7 is used to control the effective size of the substrate integrated waveguide edge and to compress the electric field distribution of the substrate integrated waveguide transmission mode, thereby achieving effective radiation and digital radiation phase selection. Embedded in the low-loss dielectric substrate 4, the bottom end of the metal shorting post 7 is connected to the bottom metal ground plane 5, and its top end is connected to the annular slot 8 etched on the top layer of the metal shorting post 7. The slot 8 can be cylindrical, square, prismatic, etc. The annular slot 8 etched on the top layer of the metal shorting post 7 is used to isolate the edge-mounted metal shorting post 7 from the top metal patch 2. It is etched on the surface of the top metal patch 2 and can be a closed structure such as square, annular, or elliptical.

[0036] An electronic switch 9, bridging the annular slot, controls the connection and disconnection between the metal short-circuit post 7 and the top metal patch 2, thereby enabling the digital phase reconfigurable radiation unit 1 to switch between radiation phase "0" and "1" states. Bridging both sides of the annular slot groove 8, it can be a PIN diode, microelectromechanical switch, RF switch chip, or varactor, etc. A DC control circuit 10, corresponding to the electronic switch 9, is used to excite the closed and closed states of the electronic switch element. It is located on the upper surface of the intermediate DC bias circuit substrate 14 and is connected to the electronic switch 9 and control switch 13 on each unit.

[0037] The elongated slot 6 in the middle of the top metal patch 2 is used to cut the electric field of the TE10 mode in the substrate integrated waveguide, achieving effective radiation. Since the elongated slot 6 on the top metal patch 2 is arranged in the middle of the substrate integrated waveguide structure and symmetrically along the center line, when both metal short-circuit posts 7 on both sides of the edge are open, the electric field in the substrate integrated waveguide structure is symmetrically distributed, and the elongated slot 6 cannot effectively cut the TE10 mode, thus failing to generate effective radiation. When either of the metal short-circuit posts 7 on both sides of the edge is short-circuited, the metal short-circuit post 7 short-circuits the top metal patch 2 and the bottom metal ground plane 5, and the substrate integrated waveguide structure will no longer be uniformly distributed. The electric field distribution of the TE10 mode is compressed, forming an asymmetrical field distribution. At this time, the long slot 6 in the middle can effectively cut the compressed TE10 mode, thereby realizing electromagnetic radiation. When the metal short-circuit posts 7 on both sides are switched off, the compression direction of the electric field distribution of the TE10 mode also changes synchronously. At this time, the long slot 6 in the middle cuts the compressed TE10 mode, thereby realizing effective electromagnetic radiation. However, since the electric field distribution of the TE10 mode is symmetrical, the electric field vector direction produced by the long slot 6 is phase-reversed compared to the previous switching state, and the form is an anti-phase distribution, thereby realizing two digital radiation phases of 0° and 180° (1-bit digital phase: 0° = "0", 180° = "1").

[0038] The feed ports 12 at both ends are used to feed and excite the antenna. They are located on both sides of the leaky antenna 11 and connected to the radio frequency connection device, thereby connecting to the communication system. The control switches 13 on both sides are used to select and control the closed and closed states of the electronic switches 9 on each unit. They are arranged on the front and rear sides of the one-dimensional digital modulation leaky antenna 11 and implemented on the middle layer DC bias circuit board 14. They can be multi-position control switches or push-button switches, and the number of switches is related to the size of the designed leaky antenna 11. The middle DC bias circuit board 14 serves as the carrier for the DC control circuit 10 and the control switches 13. It is implemented on the upper surface of the top metal patch 2 and can be a low-loss thin dielectric substrate. The electromagnetic metasurface structure 15 on the top layer is used to introduce a uniform electric field distribution, improve the radiation aperture, and increase the radiation gain. It is implemented on the upper part of the one-dimensional digital modulation leaky antenna 11 and supported by nylon screws 16. It can be a patch type, mushroom type, or other metasurface, and the shape of the metasurface unit is not unique. The nylon screws 16 on both sides are used to fix the multi-layer structure of the antenna and to fix and support the electromagnetic metasurface 15. They are implemented on both sides of the leaky antenna 11 and can be nylon screws with a diameter of 2 mm or 3 mm.

[0039] Furthermore, the edge metal short-circuit post 7, the annular slot 8 etched on the top layer of the metal short-circuit post 7, the electronic switch 9 connected across the annular slot 8, and the DC control circuit 10 corresponding to the electronic switch 9 constitute the electrical control for the closed or open states of the edge metal short-circuit post 7. When the electronic switch 9 is in the closed state under the drive of the DC control circuit 10, the metal short-circuit post 7 electrically connects the top metal patch 2 and the bottom metal ground plane 5; conversely, when the electronic switch 9 is in the open state, the short-circuit post 7 disconnects the top metal patch 2 and the bottom metal ground plane 5. Furthermore, when one of the electronic switches 9 on both edges is closed and closed respectively, the digital phase reconfigurable radiation unit 1 can realize the switching selection of 1 bit digital phase. By arranging multiple digital phase reconfigurable radiation units 1 in a straight line, a one-dimensional digital modulation reconfigurable leaky antenna 11 can be realized.

[0040] A one-dimensional digitally modulated leaky antenna 11 consists of multiple digitally phase-reconfigurable radiating elements 1, feed ports 12 at both ends, control switches 13 on both sides, a DC bias circuit board 14 in the middle, an electromagnetic metasurface structure 15 on the top layer, and nylon screws 16 on both sides. The multiple digitally phase-reconfigurable radiating elements 1 form a linear array. The control switches 13 on both sides are used to electrically select the radiation phase of each digitally reconfigurable element 1, forming a digital encoding control sequence of "0" and "1". By selecting different digital encoding sequences, the radiation phase of each element of the leaky antenna can be independently selected, thereby achieving spatial switching and control of the radiation beam. Compared with traditional reconfigurable antennas and digital bit arrays, the digitally modulated reconfigurable antenna of this invention, using a leaky antenna as a carrier, achieves wideband beam reconfigurability and flexible reconfigurable control of the radiation wave (digital beam switching and frequency beam scanning). Furthermore, compared with traditional digitally modulated metasurfaces and phased arrays, the digitally modulated reconfigurable antenna of this invention creatively introduces frequency as a new digital information modulation dimension, expanding the degree of freedom of digital information control and increasing channel capacity. The top layer electromagnetic metasurface structure 15 is used to introduce a uniform surface electric field distribution, obtain a larger radiation aperture, and achieve higher radiation gain.

[0041] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 The figures show the impedance bandwidth and digital beam modulation performance of a one-dimensional digitally modulated leaky antenna, respectively. Figure 2 In this antenna, since periodic leaky antennas typically have an electromagnetic bandgap, the -10 dB impedance bandwidth of the antenna is divided into two segments by the electromagnetic bandgap, namely 6.5-8.0 GHz (20.7%) and 9.5-11.0 GHz (14.6%). This antenna achieves wideband operation with a compact size, which can meet the needs of broadband wireless communication applications in different scenarios. Figure 3This antenna first achieves inherent frequency beam scanning characteristics. Furthermore, by selecting different digital coding sequences, it enables flexible digital beam switching and digital information modulation at different frequencies. This invention not only realizes wideband flexible reconfigurable beams to improve wireless communication quality, but also achieves direct coding and modulation of digital information to increase the channel capacity of intelligent communication systems and expand the scope of digitally coded antennas.

[0042] Example 2, as Figure 5 As shown, in the embodiment of the two-dimensional digitally modulated reconfigurable leaky antenna, based on embodiment 1, multiple one-dimensional digitally modulated reconfigurable leaky antenna 1 structures are arranged sequentially to form a planar array. The two-dimensional embodiment consists of multiple one-dimensional digitally modulated reconfigurable leaky antenna 11 structures, a top-layer electromagnetic metasurface structure 15, and feed ports 12 on both sides. By independently selecting the radiation phase of each digitally reconfigurable element in the two-dimensional array, the radiation phase of the planar array can be digitally encoded, forming a distributed control form of the digital metasurface. When the multiple one-dimensional digitally modulated reconfigurable leaky antenna 11 structures are excited with equal amplitude and in phase, the planar leaky response is excited. Then, by independently selecting the phase of each array element using the planar digital signal distribution, spatial switching and beamforming of the planar radiation wave can be achieved. In other words, by constructing a two-dimensional reconfigurable leaky antenna and a digital modulation surface, high-gain two-dimensional radiation beam reconfigurability and planar digital signal loading are realized, which is beneficial for long-distance high-speed communication needs in outdoor scenarios. In addition, due to the increased modulation domain, the two-dimensional planar form achieves Fourier transforms similar to information metasurfaces (digitally coded metasurfaces / reconfigurable smart surfaces) under the premise of low cost and miniaturization, thus providing a new option for intelligent wireless communication.

[0043] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 The figures show the digital signal modulation surface and planar beam modulation performance of the two-dimensional digitally modulated reconfigurable leaky antenna, respectively. Figure 5 In the two-dimensional reconfigurable leaky antenna, the radiation phase of each element is first modulated into a horizontal 0 / 1 phase arrangement and a vertical 0 / 1 phase arrangement, respectively. Then, using the addition principle of Fourier transform, the horizontal 0 / 1 and vertical 0 / 1 phase sequences are superimposed to form a checkerboard-shaped two-dimensional digital signal distribution. Figure 6 for Figure 5 The radiation pattern corresponding to the digital modulation surface, when the digital signal is arranged in a transverse 0 / 1 phase pattern, forms a transverse digital modulation beam, such as... Figure 6 As shown in (a); when the digital signal is arranged in alternating 0 / 1 phases along the longitudinal direction, a digital modulation beam is formed along the longitudinal direction, as shown in (a). Figure 6As shown in (b), when the digital signals are arranged in a checkerboard pattern, a two-dimensional digital modulation beam is generated. By extending the digital modulation reconfigurable leaky antenna to a planar form, the proposed solution achieves high-gain and flexible spatial radiation wave modulation at low cost. It can not only meet the long-distance communication requirements in the field, but also realize rich digital signal loading and radiation Fourier transform to achieve intelligent wireless communication with direct modulation system.

[0044] This invention introduces a frequency modulation dimension, expanding the dimensions of information loading and enabling direct transmission of multi-dimensional digital coding modulation, thereby improving channel capacity and wireless communication quality. It cleverly utilizes reconfigurable short-circuit pins to achieve selective control of the radiation phase of waveguide modes, offering advantages such as compact size, high bandwidth, and simplified structure. By digitally discretizing the radiation phase of each element in the leaky antenna, digital modulation of the leaky radiation is achieved. An electromagnetic metasurface is loaded onto the upper near-field region of the leaky radiator, creating a uniform radiating aperture distribution to achieve high-gain radiation. Fourier transform and digital phase distribution are used in the digitally modulated reconfigurable leaky antenna to realize beam switching, beamforming, and direct digital signal loading. Through one-dimensional and two-dimensional digitally modulated reconfigurable leaky antennas, one-dimensional digital beam modulation and two-dimensional plane wave modulation are implemented for different application scenarios, overcoming the limitations of traditional reconfigurable antennas, such as single performance or poor design freedom.

[0045] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the forms disclosed herein and should not be construed as excluding other embodiments. It can be used in various other combinations, modifications, and environments, and can be altered within the scope of the concept described herein through the above teachings or related technologies or knowledge. Modifications and variations made by those skilled in the art that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be within the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A digitally modulated reconfigurable leaky antenna, characterized in that: It includes a one-dimensional digitally modulated reconfigurable leaky antenna (11), which includes a dielectric substrate (4), a DC bias circuit substrate (14), and multiple digital phase reconfigurable radiating units (1). A top metal patch (2) is provided on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate (4), and a bottom metal ground plane (5) is provided on the lower surface. The digital phase reconfigurable radiating units (1) are connected to the bottom metal ground plane (5). Control switches (13) are provided at both ends of the DC bias circuit substrate (14). The digital phase reconfigurable radiating units (1) are connected to the control switches (13). The control switches (13) on both sides are used to electrically control the radiating phase of each digital phase reconfigurable radiating unit (1) to form a digital code control sequence in the form of 0 and 1. Feed ports (12) are provided at both ends of the dielectric substrate (4) to enable the antenna to be fed. An electromagnetic metasurface structure (15) is fixed on the DC bias circuit substrate (14) by nylon screws (16). A uniform electric field distribution is introduced through the electromagnetic metasurface structure (15) to improve the radiation aperture and increase the radiation gain. The digital phase reconfigurable radiation unit (1) includes a long slot (6) in the middle of the top metal patch (2), metal short-circuit posts (7) at both ends of the long slot (6), an annular slot (8) etched around the metal short-circuit posts (7), a metal short-circuit electric wall (3) on the outside of the annular slot (8), and an electronic switch (9) and a DC control circuit (10) mounted on a DC bias circuit substrate (14). The top metal patch (2), the metal short-circuit electric wall (3), the dielectric substrate (4) and the bottom metal ground plane (5) constitute a substrate integrated waveguide structure, which is used as a carrier for energy transmission and leakage radiation. One end of the electronic switch (9) is connected to the annular slot (8), and the other end is connected to the DC control circuit (10). The DC control circuit (10) is connected to the control switch (13), and the control switch (13) controls the selection of the closed and open states of the electronic switch (9). The metal short-circuit electric wall (3) is arranged in at least one column along the dielectric substrate (4). The two ends of the metal short-circuit electric wall (3) are connected to the top metal patch (2) and the bottom metal ground plate (5) respectively. The shape of the metal short-circuit electric wall (3) includes one of cylindrical, square and prismatic shapes, and is used as the metal electric wall on both sides of the substrate integrated waveguide structure.

2. The digitally modulated reconfigurable leaky antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The long slot (6) has a shape that includes one of rectangular, elliptical and long linear closed slots, and is used to cut the surface current of the transmission mode in the substrate integrated waveguide structure, thereby forming effective radiation.

3. The digitally modulated reconfigurable leaky antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom end of the metal short-circuit post (7) is connected to the bottom metal floor (5), and the top end is connected to the annular slot (8). The annular slot (8) is connected to the top metal patch (2). The metal short-circuit post (7) and the top metal patch (2) are separated by the annular slot (8). The shape of the metal short-circuit post (7) includes one of cylinder, square prism and prismatic prism. It is used to control the edge size of the substrate integrated waveguide, squeeze the electric field distribution of the transmission mode of the substrate integrated waveguide structure, and realize effective radiation and digital radiation 0 / 1 digital phase selection.

4. The digitally modulated reconfigurable leaky antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electronic switch (9) is connected across both sides of the annular slot (8). The electronic switch (9) controls the connection and disconnection between the metal short-circuit post (7) and the top metal patch (2), so that the digital phase reconfigurable radiation unit (1) can switch between radiation phase 0 and 1 states.

5. A digitally modulated reconfigurable leaky antenna, characterized in that: It includes a two-dimensional digitally modulated reconfigurable leaky antenna in the form of a planar array consisting of a series of one-dimensional digitally modulated reconfigurable leaky antennas (11) as described in any one of claims 1-4.

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