High-yield method for close planting of oil olive trees

Abstract

The application discloses a high-yield method for densely planting oil olive, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting. The planting method comprises the following technical steps: (1) selecting and ploughing a field; (2) digging planting holes; (3) planting; (4) erecting stakes and pulling lines; (5) pruning and erecting a frame; (6) dwarfing branches; and (7) growth management. The high-yield method for densely planting oil olive can effectively improve the yield of oil olive. Through reasonable dense planting, line planting and dwarfing of tree shape, the number of oil olive plants can be increased, the land utilization rate can be improved, the photosynthesis of oil olive is also beneficial, the nutrients required for the growth of oil olive can be met, the disease resistance and other abilities of oil olive can be improved, the occurrence of root rot can be reduced, the growth of oil olive is good, the synthesis of nutrient substances in fruits is promoted, and the yield and quality of oil olive are effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural planting technology, specifically relating to a method for high-yield dense planting of avocados. Background Technology

[0002] Avocado (scientific name: *Persea americana* Mill.), also known as alligator pear, is a member of the Lauraceae family and the *Persea* genus. Native to South America, it is an evergreen tree and a famous tropical fruit, as well as one of the woody oilseed tree species. Avocado fruit is highly nutritious, rich in fat, protein, sugar, fiber, and various vitamins, earning it the nickname "forest butter." The fat in the pulp contains a large amount of enzymes that have benefits such as aiding digestion, lowering cholesterol and blood lipids, and protecting the cardiovascular system and liver. Therefore, avocados are a popular health food among consumers.

[0003] Avocados are highly nutritious and play an important role in maintaining health and preventing diseases, resulting in a large market demand. However, current avocado cultivation methods cannot meet the urgent demand for avocados. Furthermore, avocados are susceptible to root rot, a major disease affecting production and quality, thus hindering the development of the avocado industry. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the above problems, this invention provides a method for high-yield dense planting of avocados. By employing methods such as reasonable dense planting, planting along lines, and dwarfing tree shapes, the number of avocado trees can be increased, land utilization can be improved, and photosynthesis of avocados can be facilitated, meeting the nutritional needs of avocado growth, enhancing the disease resistance of avocados, and reducing the occurrence of root rot, thereby effectively increasing the yield of avocados.

[0005] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0006] A method for high-yield dense planting of avocados includes the following steps:

[0007] (1) Site selection and land preparation: Select land with good drainage, deep soil layer and loose soil as the planting site for avocados. Deeply plow the land from September to November, with a plowing depth of 0.5 to 0.6m. Raise the land into ridges 30 to 60cm high for planting.

[0008] (2) Dig planting holes: Dig planting holes with a row spacing of 3.5-4.0m and a plant spacing of 2.5-3.0m. Apply base fertilizer and 40-50% carbendazim wettable powder to each planting hole. When backfilling, mix the excavated soil with the base fertilizer and carbendazim wettable powder and then backfill the planting hole.

[0009] (3) Planting: Place the grafted avocado seedlings into the planting hole, straighten the seedlings, ensure that the roots are in full contact with the soil, backfill the soil, compact it, water thoroughly, and water regularly after planting to keep the soil moist and promote root growth.

[0010] (4) Setting up stakes and pulling wires: 40 to 50 days after planting, set up a galvanized steel pipe every 5 to 10 m along the row of each ridge. There are 5 to 6 taut iron wires on each pair of adjacent galvanized steel pipes, and the distance between each pair of adjacent iron wires is 35 to 50 cm.

[0011] (5) Tree shaping and trellising: When the main trunk of the avocado tree grows to 1.0-1.2m, retain two strong first-level lateral branches on the left and right sides of the main trunk at the height of the bottom wire, and fix the first-level lateral branches along the direction of the wire with cloth strips, controlling the angle between the lateral branches and the wire to be 15-30°, allowing them to grow left and right, and pruning away other lateral branches; cultivate the second to sixth layers of left and right first-level lateral branches in this way, and prune away the remaining branches; retain a second-level branch every 10-15cm on each first-level lateral branch of each layer, and pay attention to pruning the branches that block the second-level branches of the upper and lower layers;

[0012] (6) Dwarfing of branches: After retaining the first-level lateral branches of the first layer, spray the first application with 100-120 ppm of chlormequat chloride. 7-10 days after the first application, spray the second application with 100-150 ppm of clopidogrel. Spray until water flows down the leaves.

[0013] (7) Growth Management:

[0014] ① Fertilizer Management: In the first year of planting, apply 4-5 kg ​​of well-rotted organic fertilizer to the base of each avocado tree; in the second and third years of planting, apply 0.3-0.5 kg of compound fertilizer, 0.2-0.4 kg of urea, and 0.2-0.4 kg of potassium sulfate per tree each year; during the fruiting period, apply 0.5-0.6 kg of compound fertilizer, 0.1-0.2 kg of boric acid, 0.1-0.2 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.3-0.4 kg of humic acid per tree; during the fruiting period, apply 4-8 kg of well-rotted organic fertilizer and 0.3-0.5 kg of compound fertilizer per tree.

[0015] ② Dwarfing treatment: From the following year, from March to July each year, spray alternately once a month with chlormequat chloride at a concentration of 200-300 ppm and paclobutrazol at a concentration of 150-200 ppm, until water flows down the leaves;

[0016] ③ Growth pruning: From January to February of the following year, regardless of whether the branches are thick or thin, all the front and back branches growing on the main trunk should be removed. At the same time, the secondary branches on the primary lateral branches fixed to the wire should be pruned to remove crossing branches, overly dense branches and diseased branches to improve ventilation.

[0017] ④ Pest and disease control: For root rot, drench the roots with a 200-300 times dilution of 30-40% aluminum tris(ethyl phosphonate) wettable powder; for pests, spray the surface of the avocado tree or the ground with an 800-900 times dilution of 30-40% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate to kill the pests.

[0018] As a preferred technical solution, in step (4), the distance between the bottommost wire and the ground is 40-50cm.

[0019] As a preferred technical solution, in step (6), after the branches are dwarfed to retain the first-level lateral branches of the first layer, a first spray of 120 ppm chlormequat chloride is applied, and 7 days after the first spray, a second spray of 120 ppm uniconazole is applied.

[0020] As a preferred technical solution, in step (7), the dwarfing treatment is to alternately spray chlormequat chloride at a concentration of 260 ppm and paclobutrazol at a concentration of 180 ppm once a month from March to July of the following year.

[0021] As a preferred technical solution, in step (2), the dosage of carbendazim wettable powder is 2-3g.

[0022] As a preferred technical solution, in step (2), the base fertilizer consists of 20-30 kg of well-rotted organic fertilizer, 2-3 kg of compound fertilizer, 0.2-0.3 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.5-0.7 kg of humic acid.

[0023] As a preferred technical solution, in step (2), the planting hole after backfilling is 20-30cm higher than the ridge surface.

[0024] As a preferred technical solution, in step (2), the planting hole is 80-90cm wide and 40-50cm deep.

[0025] As a preferred technical solution, in step (3), the height of the grafted avocado seedling is 40-50cm.

[0026] Paclobutrazol can inhibit gibberellin synthesis, slow down plant cell division and elongation, inhibit the elongation of new shoots and stems, shorten the internode length of crops, promote the tillering, germination and formation of lateral buds, increase the number of flower buds and leaf buds, and improve the fruit setting rate.

[0027] Uniconazole has fungicidal effects, can inhibit the germination of fungal spores, control the nutrient absorption of mycelium, control the vegetative growth of crops, inhibit cell elongation, dwarf plant height, promote the growth of lateral buds and the formation of flower buds, and increase the crop's resistance to stress.

[0028] Mepiquat chloride can inhibit the biosynthesis of gibberellins, thereby inhibiting cell elongation, dwarfing plants, improving photosynthetic capacity, promoting maturation, and increasing yield.

[0029] Chlormequat chloride can inhibit gibberellin synthesis, suppress cell elongation, control the vegetative growth of plants, promote the reproductive growth of plants, make plants dwarf and sturdy and play a role in lodging resistance, promote photosynthesis, increase the fruiting rate of plants and their ability to resist adverse stress.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0031] 1. The high-yield, dense-planting method for avocados of this invention can effectively increase avocado yield. Through reasonable dense planting, string planting, and dwarfing tree shaping, the number of avocado trees can be increased, improving land utilization. It also promotes photosynthesis, meets the nutritional needs of avocado growth, enhances disease resistance, reduces root rot, and thus promotes healthy growth and nutrient synthesis in the fruit, effectively increasing both yield and quality. In existing methods, the row spacing for avocado planting is 5m × 6–10m, while the plant spacing of this invention is 2.5–3.0m × 3.5–4.0m. On average, 33–63 more avocado trees can be planted per acre, facilitating full utilization of land area and increasing avocado yield.

[0032] 2. In this invention, after planting avocados, galvanized steel pipes are installed on the ridges to guide the trees. When the main trunk of the avocado tree grows to 1.0-1.2m, the tree is pruned and trellised. This ensures good ventilation between the trees during the growth process, allowing the avocados to receive uniform and sufficient sunlight, reducing the occurrence of tree diseases and root rot, which is conducive to the healthy growth of avocados and promotes the synthesis of nutrients in the fruit, thereby improving the yield and quality of avocados.

[0033] 3. The planting spacing of avocados in this invention is 2.5-3.0m and the row spacing is 3.5-4.0m. When pruning branches, spraying with chlormequat chloride and paclobutrazol will dwarf the branches. When managing growth, spraying with chlormequat chloride and paclobutrazol will also dwarf the branches. This can promote the dwarfing of avocado trees. Through dwarfing and dense planting, the yield of avocados can be effectively increased, the land utilization rate can be improved, and the height of the avocado trees can be made suitable for manual operation, which is conducive to manual pruning and later thinning of flowers and fruits, increasing the simplicity of manual operation and improving work efficiency.

[0034] 4. Because avocados are particularly susceptible to root rot and have brittle roots, their branches are easily blown down by strong winds. Due to the brittleness and root rot, they are prone to breakage and death, making them difficult to save. Therefore, this application proposes planting the trees on raised beds 30-60cm high, away from the ground, to reduce the occurrence of root rot. This invention also applies well-rotted organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and humic acid to the planting holes to provide sufficient nutrients for the avocado seedlings, loosen the soil, promote root growth, enhance root development, and improve the avocado's resistance to wind damage. Simultaneously, aluminum tris(ethyl phosphonate) is used for root rot control. Aluminum tris(ethyl phosphonate) has a good control effect on root rot caused by pathogenic fungi and can effectively reduce the incidence of root rot.

[0035] 5. This invention uses fertilizers with different formulations at different times to rationally apply inorganic and organic fertilizers to avocado seedlings, which is beneficial to soil improvement, increases soil fertility, enhances the root growth of avocado seedlings, promotes seedling growth, and improves the disease resistance and drought resistance of avocado seedlings, thereby helping to increase the yield of avocados. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 This is a picture of an avocado fruit of the Tenglong variety.

[0037] Figure 2 This is a picture of the fruit of the Zijin variety of avocado. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The present invention will be further described in detail below through embodiments. These embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and do not limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] A method for high-yield dense planting of avocados includes the following steps:

[0041] (1) Site selection and land preparation: Select land with good drainage, deep soil layer and loose soil as the planting site for avocados. Deeply plow the land in September to a depth of 0.5m and raise the land into ridges 60cm high for planting.

[0042] (2) Digging planting holes: On the ridge, dig planting holes with a plant spacing of 2.5m and a row spacing of 3.5m. The planting holes are 80cm wide and 50cm deep. Apply 24kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 2kg of compound fertilizer, 0.2kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5kg of humic acid and 2g of 50% carbendazim wettable powder to each planting hole. When backfilling, mix the excavated soil with the base fertilizer and carbendazim wettable powder and backfill it into the planting hole. The planting hole after backfilling is 25cm higher than the ridge surface.

[0043] (3) Planting: Place the 40cm tall grafted avocado seedling into the planting hole, straighten the seedling, ensure that the roots are in full contact with the soil, backfill the soil, compact it, water it thoroughly, and water it regularly after planting to keep the soil moist and promote root growth.

[0044] (4) Setting up stakes and pulling wires: 50 days after planting, a galvanized steel pipe is set up every 10m along the ridge on each ridge. There are 6 taut iron wires on each pair of adjacent galvanized steel pipes. The distance between each pair of adjacent iron wires is 35cm, and the distance between the bottom iron wire and the ground is 40cm.

[0045] (5) Tree shaping and trellising: When the main trunk of the avocado tree grows to 1.0m, retain two strong first-level lateral branches on the left and right sides of the main trunk at the height of the bottom wire, and fix the first-level lateral branches along the direction of the wire with cloth strips, controlling the angle between the lateral branches and the wire to 30°, allowing them to grow left and right, and pruning away other lateral branches; cultivate the left and right first-level lateral branches of the 2nd to 6th layers in the same way, and prune away the remaining branches; retain one second-level branch every 15cm on each first-level lateral branch of each layer, and pay attention to pruning the branches that block the second-level branches of the upper and lower layers;

[0046] (6) Dwarfing of branches: After retaining the first-level lateral branches of the first layer, spray with 120 ppm of chlormequat chloride for the first time. Seven days after the first spray, spray with 120 ppm of clopidogrel for the second time. Spray until water flows down the leaves.

[0047] (7) Growth Management:

[0048] ① Fertilizer Management: In the first year of planting, apply 4 kg of well-rotted organic fertilizer to the base of each avocado tree; in the second and third years of planting, apply 0.5 kg of compound fertilizer, 0.3 kg of urea, and 0.2 kg of potassium sulfate to each tree annually; during the fruiting period, apply 0.5 kg of compound fertilizer, 0.2 kg of boric acid, 0.2 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.3 kg of humic acid to each tree; during the fruiting period, apply 6 kg of well-rotted organic fertilizer and 0.5 kg of compound fertilizer to each tree.

[0049] ② Dwarfing treatment: From the following year, from March to July each year, spray once a month alternately with chlormequat chloride at a concentration of 260 ppm and paclobutrazol at a concentration of 180 ppm, until water flows down the leaves;

[0050] ③ Growth pruning: From January to February of the following year, regardless of whether the branches are thick or thin, all the front and back branches growing on the main trunk should be removed. At the same time, the secondary branches on the primary lateral branches fixed to the wire should be pruned to remove crossing branches, overly dense branches and diseased branches to improve ventilation.

[0051] ④ Pest and disease control: For root rot, drench the roots with a 200-fold dilution of 40% aluminum tris(ethyl phosphonate) wettable powder; for pests, spray the surface of the avocado tree or the ground with a 900-fold dilution of 40% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate to kill the pests.

[0052] Example 2

[0053] A method for high-yield dense planting of avocados includes the following steps:

[0054] (1) Site selection and land preparation: Select land with good drainage, deep soil layer and loose soil as the planting site for avocados. Deeply plow the land in September to a depth of 0.5m and raise the land into ridges 60cm high for planting.

[0055] (2) Digging planting holes: On the ridge, dig planting holes with a plant spacing of 3.0m and a row spacing of 3.5m. The planting holes are 85cm wide and 50cm deep. Apply 30kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 2.5kg of compound fertilizer, 0.3kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.7kg of humic acid and 3g of 50% carbendazim wettable powder to each planting hole. When backfilling, mix the excavated soil with the base fertilizer and carbendazim wettable powder and backfill it into the planting hole. The planting hole after backfilling is 20cm higher than the ridge surface.

[0056] (3) Planting: Place the 50cm tall grafted avocado seedling into the planting hole, straighten the seedling, ensure that the roots are in full contact with the soil, backfill the soil, compact it, water it thoroughly, and water it regularly after planting to keep the soil moist and promote root growth.

[0057] (4) Setting up stakes and pulling wires: 40 days after planting, a galvanized steel pipe is set up every 5m along the ridge on each ridge. Five taut iron wires are pulled on each pair of adjacent galvanized steel pipes. The distance between each pair of adjacent iron wires is 50cm, and the distance between the bottom iron wire and the ground is 40cm.

[0058] (5) Tree shaping and trellising: When the main trunk of the avocado tree grows to 1.2m, retain two strong first-level lateral branches on the left and right sides of the main trunk at the height of the bottom wire, and fix the first-level lateral branches along the direction of the wire with cloth strips, controlling the angle between the lateral branches and the wire to 15°, allowing them to grow to the left and right, and pruning away other lateral branches; cultivate the first-level lateral branches on the left and right sides of the second to sixth layers in the same way, and prune away the remaining branches; retain one secondary branch every 10cm on each first-level lateral branch of each layer, and pay attention to pruning the branches that block the secondary branches of the upper and lower layers;

[0059] (6) Dwarfing of branches: After retaining the first-level lateral branches of the first layer, spray with 100 ppm of chlormequat chloride for the first time. Seven days after the first spray, spray with 150 ppm of clopidogrel for the second time. Spray until water flows down the leaves.

[0060] (7) Growth Management:

[0061] ① Fertilizer Management: In the first year of planting, apply 5 kg of well-rotted organic fertilizer to the base of each avocado tree; in the second and third years of planting, apply 0.4 kg of compound fertilizer, 0.4 kg of urea, and 0.3 kg of potassium sulfate to each tree annually; during the fruiting period, apply 0.6 kg of compound fertilizer, 0.1 kg of boric acid, 0.1 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.4 kg of humic acid to each tree; during the fruiting period, apply 8 kg of well-rotted organic fertilizer and 0.3 kg of compound fertilizer to each tree.

[0062] ② Dwarfing treatment: From the following year, from March to July each year, spray alternately once a month with a concentration of 200 ppm chlormequat chloride and a concentration of 150 ppm paclobutrazol, until water flows down the leaves;

[0063] ③ Growth pruning: From January to February of the following year, regardless of whether the branches are thick or thin, all the front and back branches growing on the main trunk should be removed. At the same time, the secondary branches on the primary lateral branches fixed to the wire should be pruned to remove crossing branches, overly dense branches and diseased branches to improve ventilation.

[0064] ④ Pest and disease control: For root rot, drench the roots with a 200-fold dilution of 30% aluminum tris(ethyl phosphonate) wettable powder; for pests, spray the surface of the avocado tree or the ground with an 800-fold dilution of 40% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate to kill the pests.

[0065] Example 3

[0066] A method for high-yield dense planting of avocados includes the following steps:

[0067] (1) Site selection and land preparation: Select land with good drainage, deep soil layer and loose soil as the planting site for avocados. Deeply plow the land in September to a depth of 0.6m and raise the land into ridges 40cm high for planting.

[0068] (2) Digging planting holes: On the ridge, dig planting holes with a plant spacing of 2.5m and a row spacing of 4.0m. The planting holes are 80cm wide and 50cm deep. Apply 25kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 3kg of compound fertilizer, 0.3kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5kg of humic acid and 2g of 40% carbendazim wettable powder to each planting hole. When backfilling, mix the excavated soil with the base fertilizer and carbendazim wettable powder and backfill it into the planting hole. The planting hole after backfilling is 25cm higher than the ridge surface.

[0069] (3) Planting: Place the 50cm tall grafted avocado seedling into the planting hole, straighten the seedling, ensure that the roots are in full contact with the soil, backfill the soil, compact it, water it thoroughly, and water it regularly after planting to keep the soil moist and promote root growth.

[0070] (4) Setting up stakes and pulling wires: 45 days after planting, a galvanized steel pipe is set up every 8m along the row of each ridge. Six taut iron wires are pulled on each pair of adjacent galvanized steel pipes. The distance between each pair of adjacent iron wires is 40cm, and the distance between the bottom iron wire and the ground is 45cm.

[0071] (5) Tree shaping and trellising: When the main trunk of the avocado tree grows to 1.2m, retain two strong first-level lateral branches on the left and right sides of the main trunk at the height of the bottom wire, and fix the first-level lateral branches along the direction of the wire with cloth strips, controlling the angle between the lateral branches and the wire to 20°, allowing them to grow left and right, and pruning away other lateral branches; cultivate the left and right first-level lateral branches of the 2nd to 6th layers in the same way, and prune away the remaining branches; retain one second-level branch every 15cm on each first-level lateral branch of each layer, and pay attention to pruning the branches that block the second-level branches of the upper and lower layers;

[0072] (6) Dwarfing of branches: After retaining the first-level lateral branches of the first layer, spray with 120 ppm of chlormequat chloride for the first time. Ten days after the first spray, spray with 100 ppm of clopidogrel for the second time, spraying until water flows down the leaves.

[0073] (7) Growth Management:

[0074] ① Fertilizer Management: In the first year of planting, apply 4 kg of well-rotted organic fertilizer to the base of each avocado tree; in the second and third years of planting, apply 0.3 kg of compound fertilizer, 0.2 kg of urea, and 0.4 kg of potassium sulfate to each tree annually; during the fruiting period, apply 0.5 kg of compound fertilizer, 0.2 kg of boric acid, 0.2 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.3 kg of humic acid to each tree; during the fruiting period, apply 5 kg of well-rotted organic fertilizer and 0.5 kg of compound fertilizer to each tree.

[0075] ② Dwarfing treatment: From March to July of the following year, spray once a month, alternating between chlormequat chloride at a concentration of 300 ppm and paclobutrazol at a concentration of 200 ppm, until water drips from the leaves;

[0076] ③ Growth pruning: From January to February of the following year, regardless of whether the branches are thick or thin, all the front and back branches growing on the main trunk should be removed. At the same time, the secondary branches on the primary lateral branches fixed to the wire should be pruned to remove crossing branches, overly dense branches and diseased branches to improve ventilation.

[0077] ④ Pest and disease control: For root rot, drench the roots with a 300-fold dilution of 40% aluminum tris(ethyl phosphonate) wettable powder; for pests, spray the surface of the avocado tree or the ground with a 900-fold dilution of 40% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate to kill the pests.

[0078] Example 4

[0079] A method for high-yield dense planting of avocados includes the following steps:

[0080] (1) Site selection and land preparation: Select land with good drainage, deep soil layer and loose soil as the planting site for avocados. Deeply plow the land in September to a depth of 0.5m and raise the land into ridges 60cm high for planting.

[0081] (2) Digging planting holes: On the ridge, dig planting holes with a plant spacing of 3.0m and a row spacing of 4.0m. The planting holes are 85cm wide and 40cm deep. Apply 20kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 3kg of compound fertilizer, 0.3kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.6kg of humic acid and 3g of 50% carbendazim wettable powder to each planting hole. When backfilling, mix the excavated soil with the base fertilizer and carbendazim wettable powder and backfill it into the planting hole. The planting hole after backfilling is 30cm higher than the ridge surface.

[0082] (3) Planting: Place the 45cm tall grafted avocado seedling into the planting hole, straighten the seedling, ensure that the roots are in full contact with the soil, backfill the soil, compact it, water it thoroughly, and water it regularly after planting to keep the soil moist and promote root growth.

[0083] (4) Setting up stakes and pulling wires: 45 days after planting, a galvanized steel pipe is set up every 10m along the ridge on each ridge. Five taut iron wires are pulled on each pair of adjacent galvanized steel pipes. The distance between each pair of adjacent iron wires is 50cm, and the distance between the bottom iron wire and the ground is 40cm.

[0084] (5) Tree shaping and trellising: When the main trunk of the avocado tree grows to 1.0m, retain two strong first-level lateral branches on the left and right sides of the main trunk at the height of the bottom wire, and fix the first-level lateral branches along the direction of the wire with cloth strips, controlling the angle between the lateral branches and the wire to 30°, allowing them to grow left and right, and pruning away other lateral branches; cultivate the left and right first-level lateral branches of the 2nd to 6th layers in the same way, and prune away the remaining branches; retain one second-level branch every 10cm on each first-level lateral branch of each layer, and pay attention to pruning the branches that block the second-level branches of the upper and lower layers;

[0085] (6) Dwarfing of branches: After retaining the first-level lateral branches of the first layer, spray with 100 ppm of chlormequat chloride for the first time. Seven days after the first spray, spray with 100 ppm of clopidogrel for the second time. Spray until water flows down the leaves.

[0086] (7) Growth Management:

[0087] ① Fertilizer Management: In the first year of planting, apply 5 kg of well-rotted organic fertilizer to the base of each avocado tree; in the second and third years of planting, apply 0.5 kg of compound fertilizer, 0.4 kg of urea, and 0.3 kg of potassium sulfate to each tree annually; during the fruiting period, apply 0.6 kg of compound fertilizer, 0.2 kg of boric acid, 0.1 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.4 kg of humic acid to each tree; during the fruiting period, apply 8 kg of well-rotted organic fertilizer and 0.4 kg of compound fertilizer to each tree.

[0088] ② Dwarfing treatment: From the following year, from March to July each year, spray alternately once a month with a concentration of 250 ppm chlormequat chloride and a concentration of 150 ppm paclobutrazol, until water flows down the leaves;

[0089] ③ Growth pruning: From January to February of the following year, regardless of whether the branches are thick or thin, all the front and back branches growing on the main trunk should be removed. At the same time, the secondary branches on the primary lateral branches fixed to the wire should be pruned to remove crossing branches, overly dense branches and diseased branches to improve ventilation.

[0090] ④ Pest and disease control: For root rot, drench the roots with a 200-fold dilution of 30% aluminum tris(ethyl phosphonate) wettable powder; for pests, spray the surface of the avocado tree or the ground with an 800-fold dilution of 40% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate to kill the pests.

[0091] Comparative Example 1

[0092] The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that Comparative Example 1 uses the existing planting method with a planting spacing of 5m×6m. During the planting process, no stakes or lines are erected and the trees are pruned and trellised. The other planting conditions are the same as those in Example 1.

[0093] Comparative Example 2

[0094] The difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 3 is that Comparative Example 2 uses the existing planting method with a planting spacing of 5m×6m. During the planting process, no stakes or lines are erected and the trees are pruned and trellised. The other planting conditions are the same as those in Example 3.

[0095] Blank group

[0096] The difference between the blank group and Example 3 is that the blank group uses the existing planting method with a planting spacing of 5m×6m. During the avocado planting process, no stakes or lines are erected, the trees are pruned and trellised, the branches are not dwarfed, and no dwarfing treatment is carried out during growth management. All other planting conditions are the same as those in Example 3.

[0097] Avocados were planted using the methods described in Examples 1-4, Comparative Examples 1 and 2, and the control group. The average tree height, root rot incidence rate (calculated based on a total of 5 mu of avocado trees), and average fruit yield per tree were recorded in the third year after planting, as shown in Table 1 below.

[0098]

[0099] Note: Zijin and Tenglong are both avocado varieties bred by the Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Research Institute.

[0100] As can be seen from the table above regarding the fruit load and tree height of avocados, the method of this invention involves setting up galvanized steel pipes and string lines on the ridges after planting the avocados, followed by pruning and trellising. This ensures good ventilation and air circulation between the trees during their growth, allowing the avocados to receive uniform and sufficient sunlight, reducing the occurrence of tree diseases and root rot, promoting healthy growth, and enhancing the synthesis of nutrients in the fruit, thus increasing yield. Furthermore, spraying chlormequat chloride and paclobutrazol during branch dwarfing, and spraying chlormequat chloride and paclobutrazol during growth management, can promote dwarfing of the avocado trees. Through dwarfing and dense planting, the yield of avocados can be effectively increased.

[0101] Compared to Comparative Example 1, the average fruit load per tree increased by 8.02% and the incidence of root rot decreased by 78.27% in Example 1; compared to Comparative Example 2, the average fruit load per tree increased by 11.06% and the incidence of root rot decreased by 67.16% in Example 3; compared to the control group, the average fruit load per tree increased by 108.49% and the incidence of root rot decreased by 83.59% in Example 3. This indicates that the present invention, through reasonable dense planting, string planting, and tree dwarfing, can increase the number of avocado trees planted, while also ensuring that avocados receive uniform and sufficient sunlight, reducing the occurrence of tree diseases, allowing avocados to grow healthily, and effectively increasing the yield of avocados.

Claims

1. A method for high-yield, densely planted avocado trees, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Site selection and land preparation: Select land with good drainage, deep soil layer and loose soil as the planting site for avocados. Deeply plow the land from September to November, with a plowing depth of 0.5 to 0.6m. Raise the land into ridges 30 to 60cm high for planting. (2) Dig planting holes: Dig planting holes with a plant spacing of 2.5-3.0m and a row spacing of 3.5-4.0m. Apply base fertilizer and 40-50% carbendazim wettable powder to each planting hole. When backfilling, mix the excavated soil with the base fertilizer and carbendazim wettable powder and then backfill the planting hole. (3) Planting: Place the grafted avocado seedlings into the planting hole, straighten the seedlings, ensure that the roots are in full contact with the soil, backfill the soil, compact it, water thoroughly, and water regularly after planting to keep the soil moist and promote root growth. (4) Setting up stakes and pulling wires: 40 to 50 days after planting, set up a galvanized steel pipe every 5 to 10 m along the row of each ridge. There are 5 to 6 taut iron wires on each pair of adjacent galvanized steel pipes, and the distance between each pair of adjacent iron wires is 35 to 50 cm. (5) Tree shaping and trellising: When the main trunk of the avocado tree grows to 1.0-1.2m, retain two strong first-level lateral branches on the left and right sides of the main trunk at the height of the bottom wire, and fix the first-level lateral branches along the direction of the wire with cloth strips, controlling the angle between the lateral branches and the wire to be 15-30°, allowing them to grow left and right, and pruning away other lateral branches; cultivate the second to sixth layers of left and right first-level lateral branches in this way, and prune away the remaining branches; retain a second-level branch every 10-15cm on each first-level lateral branch of each layer, and pay attention to pruning the branches that block the second-level branches of the upper and lower layers; (6) Dwarfing of branches: After retaining the first-level lateral branches of the first layer, spray the first application with 100-120 ppm of chlormequat chloride. 7-10 days after the first application, spray the second application with 100-150 ppm of clopidogrel. Spray until water flows down the leaves. (7) Growth Management: ① Fertilizer Management: In the first year of planting, apply 4-5 kg ​​of well-rotted organic fertilizer to the base of each avocado tree; in the second and third years of planting, apply 0.3-0.5 kg of compound fertilizer, 0.2-0.4 kg of urea, and 0.2-0.4 kg of potassium sulfate per tree each year; during the fruiting period, apply 0.5-0.6 kg of compound fertilizer, 0.1-0.2 kg of boric acid, 0.1-0.2 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.3-0.4 kg of humic acid per tree; during the fruiting period, apply 4-8 kg of well-rotted organic fertilizer and 0.3-0.5 kg of compound fertilizer per tree. ② Dwarfing treatment: From the following year, from March to July each year, spray alternately once a month with chlormequat chloride at a concentration of 200-300 ppm and paclobutrazol at a concentration of 150-200 ppm, until water flows down the leaves; ③ Growth pruning: From January to February of the following year, regardless of whether the branches are thick or thin, all the front and back branches growing on the main trunk should be removed. At the same time, the secondary branches on the primary lateral branches fixed to the wire should be pruned to remove crossing branches, overly dense branches and diseased branches to improve ventilation. ④ Pest and disease control: For root rot, drench the roots with a 200-300 times dilution of 30-40% aluminum tris(ethyl phosphonate) wettable powder; for pests, spray the surface of the avocado tree or the ground with an 800-900 times dilution of 30-40% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate to kill the pests.

2. The method for high-yield dense planting of avocados according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (5), the distance between the bottom wire and the ground is 40-50cm.

3. The method for high-yield dense planting of avocados according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (6), after the branches are dwarfed to retain the first-level lateral branches of the first layer, a first spray of 120 ppm chlormequat chloride is applied. Seven days after the first spray, a second spray of 120 ppm uniconazole is applied.

4. The method for high-yield dense planting of avocados according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (7), the dwarfing treatment is to alternately spray chlormequat chloride at a concentration of 260 ppm and paclobutrazol at a concentration of 180 ppm once a month from March to July of the following year.

5. The method for high-yield dense planting of avocados according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the dosage of carbendazim wettable powder is 2-3g.

6. The method for high-yield dense planting of avocados according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the base fertilizer consists of 20-30 kg of well-rotted organic fertilizer, 2-3 kg of compound fertilizer, 0.2-0.3 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.5-0.7 kg of humic acid.

7. The method for high-yield dense planting of avocados according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the planting hole after backfilling is 20-30cm higher than the ridge surface.

8. The method for high-yield dense planting of avocados according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the planting hole is 80-90cm wide and 40-50cm deep.

9. The method for high-yield dense planting of avocados according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3), the height of the grafted avocado seedling is 40-50cm.

Images