Automatic tool changer and tool changing method for a numerically controlled machine tool

Abstract

The application discloses an automatic tool changing device and method of a numerical control machine tool, and belongs to the technical field of numerical control machine tool related equipment, and comprises a workbench, a hollow base, a mounting disc, a rotating disc and a tool main body. The hollow base is fixedly connected with the workbench. The mounting disc is detachably connected to the surface of the hollow base. The upper end of the mounting disc is provided with a mounting hole. The rotating disc is rotatably connected to the upper end of the mounting disc. The tool main body is provided in plurality. The plurality of tool main bodies are arranged on the rotating disc and matched with the mounting hole. The tool main body is fixed through the clamping of the cross-shaped inserting rod and the cross-shaped groove. The left and right deviation of the second rotating rod during rotation is prevented through the elastic effect of the spring. The tool main body is installed and replaced through the clamping mode. The convenience of tool main body replacement is optimized. The operation process is simplified. The convenience during machine tool maintenance is further optimized.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of numerical control machine tool related equipment, more particularly, to an automatic tool changer of a numerical control machine tool and a tool changing method. BACKGROUND

[0002] The numerical control machine tool is a short name of digital control machine tool, is an automatic machine tool equipped with a program control system, the control system can logically process the program with control code or other symbol instruction, and code it with coded numbers, input the code into the numerical control device through the information carrier, process it by the numerical control device, and output various control signals to control the machine tool, so as to automatically process the parts according to the shape and size required by the drawing, the rotary table, also known as the rotary table, is a machine tool accessory with a rotatable table top used to clamp workpieces and realize rotation and indexing positioning, which can be divided into general rotary table and precision rotary table according to the function.

[0003] Some patent files with automatic tool changer are disclosed in the prior art, a kind of automatic tool changer for numerical control machine tool is disclosed in Chinese patent with application number CN201520486400.8, including lifting arm, core shaft fixed on lifting arm, tool disc rotatably sleeved on core shaft and motor driving tool disc rotation, motor is fixed on core shaft, motor is provided with driving gear, core shaft is also sleeved with driven gear and backlash gear meshing with driving gear, driven gear is fixedly connected with tool disc, backlash gear and driven gear are connected with tension spring driving backlash gear and driven gear teeth to be staggered, backlash gear is provided with spring cavity accommodating tension spring extension and contraction movement.The automatic tool changer of the present application has the advantages of easy processing, wear resistance, smooth operation, low transmission noise and the like.

[0004] In the above-mentioned patent, the numerical control machine tool is more complex when replacing the tool, the tool replacement time is longer, and the work load of maintaining the machine tool is increased, which is not conducive to maintenance, therefore, we propose an automatic tool changer of a numerical control machine tool and a tool changing method. SUMMARY

[0005] 1. Technical problem to be solved

[0006] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide an automatic tool changer of a numerical control machine tool and a tool changing method, the tool body is fixed by the cross-shaped insertion rod and the cross-shaped slot, and the left and right deviation of the second rotating rod during rotation is prevented by the elastic action of the spring, the tool body is installed and replaced by the clamping method, the convenience of replacing the tool body is optimized, the operation process is simplified, and the convenience of machine tool maintenance is further optimized.

[0007] 2. Technical scheme

[0008] To solve the above problems, the application adopts the technical scheme as follows:

[0009] An automatic tool changing device and tool changing method of a numerical control machine tool, comprising:

[0010] A workbench;

[0011] A hollow base fixedly connected with the workbench;

[0012] A mounting disc detachably connected to the surface of the hollow base, the upper end of the mounting disc being provided with a mounting hole;

[0013] A rotating disc rotatably connected to the upper end of the mounting disc;

[0014] A plurality of tool bodies, each of which is arranged on the rotating disc and matched with the mounting hole;

[0015] A tool changing mechanism arranged on the rotating disc and connected with the plurality of tool bodies.

[0016] As a preferred scheme of the application, the tool changing mechanism comprises an internal gear fixedly connected to the rotating disc, an adjusting assembly, a positioning assembly and a plurality of mounting assemblies, the adjusting assembly connected with the internal gear, and the positioning assembly connected with the plurality of mounting assemblies.

[0017] As a preferred scheme of the application, each of the mounting assemblies comprises a limiting hole, a sliding groove, a second rotating rod, four limiting plates and a cross-shaped groove, the limiting hole and the sliding groove both provided at the upper end of the rotating disc, the limiting hole located inside the sliding groove, the second rotating rod slidably connected to the limiting hole, the four limiting plates fixedly connected to the surface of the second rotating rod and slidably matched with the limiting hole, the cross-shaped groove provided at the upper end of the second rotating rod, and the tool body fixedly connected to the lower end of the second rotating rod and located at the bottom of the rotating disc.

[0018] As a preferred scheme of the application, each of the mounting assemblies further comprises a clamping groove, a first rotating plate, a spring, a second rotating plate and a protective sleeve, the clamping groove provided at the surface of the second rotating rod, the first rotating plate rotatably connected to the sliding groove, the spring fixedly connected to the upper end of the first rotating plate, the second rotating plate fixedly connected to the upper end of the spring, the second rotating plate slidably connected to the clamping groove and clamped with the clamping groove, and the protective sleeve fixedly connected to the upper end of the rotating disc and slidably matched with the first rotating plate and the second rotating plate.

[0019] As a preferred scheme of the present application, the adjusting assembly comprises a first motor, a worm, a positioning plate, a first rotating rod, a worm wheel and a transmission gear, the first motor is installed in the hollow base, the worm is fixedly connected to the output end of the first motor, the positioning plate is installed at the upper end of the hollow base and is rotationally connected with the worm, the first rotating rod is rotationally connected in the hollow base, the worm wheel is fixedly connected to the surface of the first rotating rod and is engaged with the worm, and the transmission gear is fixedly connected to the surface of the first rotating rod and is engaged with the internal gear.

[0020] As a preferred scheme of the present application, the positioning assembly comprises a cylinder, a cross beam, a second motor and a cross-shaped inserting rod, the cylinder is installed in the hollow base, the cross beam is fixedly connected to the elongated end of the cylinder, the second motor is installed at the upper end of the cross beam and the output end of the second motor is movably penetrated through the cross beam, and the cross-shaped inserting rod is fixedly connected to the output end of the second motor and is clamped with the cross-shaped groove.

[0021] As a preferred scheme of the present application, the front end of the workbench is installed with a control panel, and the control panel is electrically connected with the first motor, the cylinder and the second motor.

[0022] As a preferred scheme of the present application, the upper end of the rotating disc is detachably connected with a protective cover, the surface of the protective cover is fixedly connected with two handles, and the upper end of the workbench is installed with a backing plate.

[0023] As a preferred scheme of the present application, the upper end of the protective cover is provided with an exhaust hole, and a dustproof screen is installed in the exhaust hole.

[0024] As a preferred scheme of the present application, a water spraying cooling device is arranged above the workbench to cool the tool during machining; the water spraying cooling device comprises a visual recognition device facing the tool during machining and sequentially connected or linked upper convex arc-shaped guide plates, a water outlet cavity, a liquid collecting pipe, a gas mixing pipe and a detachable slag removal pipe; the water outlet cavity comprises upper convex upper and lower arc-shaped plates and two side plates; the upper and lower arc-shaped plates and the two side plates enclose the water outlet cavity with gradually decreasing cross-sectional area to one side of the arc-shaped guide plates; a water outlet fine gap is formed at the front end of the water outlet cavity; the arc-shaped guide plates are smoothly connected with the lower arc-shaped plates to guide the water flowing out of the water outlet fine gap by using the Coanda effect; the arc-shaped guide plates comprise an upper convex arc-shaped elastic resin middle plate, piezoelectric ceramic arrays attached to the upper and lower surfaces of the elastic resin middle plate, an elastic resin thin plate attached to the outside of the two piezoelectric ceramic arrays and a guide head plate smoothly connected at one end of the elastic resin middle plate and the elastic resin thin plate; one of the two piezoelectric ceramic arrays is elongated and the other is shortened by an external circuit to adjust the bending curvature of the elastic resin middle plate and the elastic resin thin plate; the upper and lower arc-shaped plates are made of heat-conducting materials, and semiconductor refrigeration sheet arrays are attached to the outer surfaces of the upper and lower arc-shaped plates, respectively; the cold end of the semiconductor refrigeration sheet array abuts against the upper or lower arc-shaped plate, and the hot end faces outward.

[0025] As a preferred scheme of the present application, the liquid collecting pipe is transitionally connected with the flat and long water outlet cavity; a necked portion is arranged in the middle of the gas mixing pipe; a hollow annular air inlet pipe is in communication with the gas mixing pipe through the necked portion; pressurized cold air is introduced into the gas mixing pipe through the hollow annular air inlet pipe; a circular pipe portion is extended downward from the bottom of the slag removal pipe; a circular cover is detachably and sealingly rotatably connected with the circular pipe portion; an electromagnet is fixedly arranged on the inner surface of the circular cover; an external circuit controls the on-off of the electromagnet.

[0026] A tool changing method of an automatic tool changing device of a numerical control machine tool, comprising the following steps:

[0027] S1, disassemble the tool body: first, extend the extension end of the cylinder through the rotation disc, the extension end of the cylinder moves to drive the cross beam to move upward, the movement of the cross beam drives the second motor and the cross-shaped insertion rod to move upward, when the cross-shaped insertion rod moves upward to disengage from the cross-shaped groove, the cylinder is closed;

[0028] S2, the mobile cutter body: when the cross slot at the top of the first cutter body is separated from the cross pin, the cutter body can be replaced, at this time, the output end of the first motor is started to rotate by the rotating disc, the output end of the first motor drives the worm to rotate, the rotation of the worm drives the worm gear to rotate, and the rotation of the worm gear drives the first rotating rod to rotate, the rotation of the first rotating rod drives the transmission gear at the top of the first rotating rod to rotate, the rotation of the transmission gear drives the internal gear to rotate, and the rotation of the internal gear drives the rotating disc to rotate, the rotation of the rotating disc makes the plurality of cutter bodies rotate, when the required cutter body moves to the bottom of the cross pin, the first motor can be turned off;

[0029] S3, install the cutter body: when the angle of the required cutter body is adjusted, the extension end of the cylinder is retracted, the extension end of the cylinder drives the cross beam to move downward, the downward movement of the cross beam drives the second motor and the cross pin to move, and the downward movement of the cross pin makes the cross pin and the cross slot be clamped, the rotation of the cutter body is driven by the output end of the second motor through the clamping of the cross pin and the cross slot, so that the cutter body is replaced, and the installation of the cutter body is completed;

[0030] S4, when the cutter body is needed, the extension end of the cylinder is moved downward by the rotating disc, the extension end of the cylinder is moved downward, the second rotating rod is pushed downward by the movement of the cross pin, the movement of the second rotating rod makes the second rotating plate move downward, the spring is compressed by the downward movement of the second rotating plate, the spring is elastically deformed, which facilitates the limiting effect of the second rotating rod, prevents the second rotating rod from deviating when rotating, and the cutter body passes through the mounting hole through the downward movement of the second rotating rod, so that the workpiece on the backing plate is processed.

[0031] 3. Advantages

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present application are:

[0033] (1) The cutter body is fixed by the clamping of the cross pin and the cross slot, and the spring is elastically deformed to prevent the second rotating rod from deviating left and right when rotating, the cutter body is installed and replaced by clamping, the convenience of replacing the cutter body is optimized, the operation process is simplified, and the convenience of machine tool maintenance is optimized.

[0034] (2) In the present application, the rotation of the worm drives the worm gear to rotate, and the rotation of the worm gear drives the first rotating rod to rotate, the rotation of the first rotating rod drives the transmission gear at the top of the first rotating rod to rotate, the rotation of the transmission gear drives the internal gear to rotate, and the rotation of the internal gear drives the rotating disc to rotate, the rotation of the rotating disc makes the plurality of cutter bodies rotate, so as to adjust the position of the plurality of cutter bodies;

[0035] (3) In this scheme, the protective cover is to facilitate the protection of the tool changing mechanism, the handle is to facilitate the protective cover to be lifted, so as to facilitate the disassembly of the protective cover, the backing plate is to facilitate the placement of the workpiece, the exhaust hole is to facilitate the heat dissipation, and the dust screen is to facilitate the dust prevention, so as to prevent dust from entering the protective cover.

[0036] (4) In this scheme, first, the circulating cooling water with high temperature after cooling the tool is pumped into the pipeline after preliminary filtration, and the fine iron particles contained in the cooling water are adsorbed and settled in the circular pipe part by the electromagnet when the cooling water passes through the deslagging pipe; thereby ensuring the removal of iron slag in the cooling water, preventing the embedding of iron slag into the machining surface to damage the tool or cause a gap; secondly, the cooling water mixes with the compressed cold air from the hollow annular air inlet pipe when passing through the gas mixing pipe, and since the cooling water is extruded and expanded at the reduced diameter part, the cooling water is uniformly mixed with the compressed cold air; and according to Bernoulli's principle, the cooling water is accelerated and depressurized at the reduced diameter part, forming a negative pressure at the reduced diameter part, which is conducive to the suction of compressed cold air, thereby realizing the uniform mixing of the cooling water and the pressurized cold air, and achieving the first cooling of the cooling water mixed with the compressed cold air; thirdly, the cooling water then enters and fills the liquid collecting pipe, and then enters the water outlet cavity with a gradually decreasing cross-sectional area; the cooling water is subjected to a second cooling by the cooling effect of the semiconductor refrigeration sheet array and the heat exchange caused by the large contact area between the upper and lower arc-shaped plates and the cooling water; the cooling water is extruded after being pressurized through the water outlet fine gap; the extruded cooling water flows along the surface of the arc-shaped guide plate under the action of the Coanda effect and sprays towards the tool during the machining process to cool the tool; the cooling water is subjected to a third cooling when the water outlet fine gap is extruded due to the adiabatic expansion of the gas mixed therein and the escape of the gas, thereby reducing the temperature of the cooling water; the cooling water is subjected to a fourth cooling when it adheres to the arc-shaped guide plate due to the large contact area with the air, thereby exchanging heat with the air; therefore, the present application utilizes a clever design to realize multiple cooling of the cooling water during the pumping and spraying of the cooling water, thereby significantly improving the cooling efficiency of the cooling water and saving energy while avoiding the shortcomings of using an evaporative heat exchanger.

[0037] (5) In this scheme, the visual recognition device tracks the coordinate position of the tool as the tool moves, and the controller controls one of the upper and lower piezoelectric ceramic arrays to elongate and the other to shorten after calculation and analysis, thereby adjusting the bending curvature of the elastic resin middle plate and the elastic resin thin plate, so that the cooling water is always sprayed towards the tool; since the sprayed cooling water is a long strip-shaped water curtain, there is no need to adjust the angle in the width direction of the water curtain, thereby achieving simple, direct and effective adjustment, realizing synchronous movement of the water spraying and the tool, and ensuring the cooling effect of the tool and the workpiece. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 is the overall explosion diagram of the present application;

[0039] Figure 2 is a front view of the present application;

[0040] Figure 3 is a first sectional view of the present application;

[0041] Figure 4 is a schematic view of the protective cover of the present application;

[0042] Figure 5 is a second sectional view of the present application;

[0043] Figure 6 is a schematic view of the tool changing mechanism of the present application;

[0044] Figure 7 is an exploded view of the tool changing mechanism of the present application;

[0045] Figure 8 is a schematic view of the structure of the water spraying cooling device of the present application;

[0046] Figure 9 is a schematic view of the structure of the arc-shaped guide plate of the present application.

[0047] Explanation of reference numerals in the drawings:

[0048] 1, workbench; 2, hollow base; 3, mounting disc; 4, mounting hole; 5, backing plate; 6, protective cover; 7, handle; 8, exhaust hole; 9, dust screen; 10, rotating disc; 11, limiting hole; 12, sliding groove; 13, first motor; 14, worm; 15, positioning plate; 16, first rotating rod; 17, worm wheel; 18, transmission gear; 19, internal gear; 20, second rotating rod; 21, tool main body; 22, limiting plate; 23, cross slot; 24, clamping groove; 25, first rotating plate; 26, spring; 27, second rotating plate; 28, protective sleeve; 29, cylinder; 30, cross beam; 31, second motor; 32, cross insertion rod; 33, control panel; 37, arc-shaped guide plate; 38, water outlet cavity; 39, liquid collecting pipe; 40, gas mixing pipe; 41, slag removing pipe; 42, upper arc-shaped plate; 43, lower arc-shaped plate; 44, water outlet fine gap; 45, elastic resin middle plate; 46, piezoelectric ceramic array; 47, elastic resin thin plate; 48, guide head plate; 49, reduced diameter portion; 50, hollow annular air inlet pipe; 51, circular pipe portion; 52, circular cover; 53, electromagnet; 54, semiconductor refrigeration sheet array. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0050] Example:

[0051] Please see Figures 1-7 An automatic tool changer and tool changing method for a CNC machine tool, comprising:

[0052] Workbench 1;

[0053] Hollow base 2, which is fixedly connected to workbench 1;

[0054] Mounting plate 3 is detachably connected to the surface of hollow base 2, and mounting hole 4 is provided at the upper end of mounting plate 3;

[0055] Turntable 10 is rotatably connected to the upper end of mounting plate 3;

[0056] The tool body 21 is provided in multiple ways. All multiple tool bodies 21 are set on the turntable 10 and all multiple tool bodies 21 are matched with the mounting holes 4.

[0057] In this embodiment, the hollow base 2 is for easy installation of the cylinder 29 and also for fixing the mounting plate 3. The mounting hole 4 is provided to allow the tool body 21 to pass through, so that the tool body 21 can process the workpiece. The turntable 10 is for easy provision of the limiting hole 11 and the slide groove 12. The present invention fixes the tool body 21 by the snap-fit ​​of the cross-shaped insert 32 and the cross-shaped groove 23, and the elasticity of the spring 26 prevents the second rotating rod 20 from shifting left and right during rotation. The snap-fit ​​method for installing and replacing the tool body 21 optimizes the convenience of tool body 21 replacement, simplifies the operation process, and thus optimizes the convenience of machine tool maintenance.

[0058] Specifically, the tool changing mechanism includes an internal gear 19, an adjustment component, a positioning component, and multiple sets of mounting components. The internal gear 19 is fixedly connected to the turntable 10. The adjustment component, the positioning component, and the multiple sets of mounting components are all set on the worktable 1. The adjustment component is connected to the internal gear 19, and the positioning component is connected to the multiple sets of mounting components.

[0059] In this embodiment, the internal gear 19 is for easy meshing with the transmission gear 18. The adjustment component, the positioning component, and the multiple sets of mounting components are all set on the worktable 1. The adjustment component is connected to the internal gear 19, and the positioning component is connected to the multiple sets of mounting components.

[0060] Specifically, each group of mounting assemblies comprises a limiting hole 11, a sliding groove 12, a second rotating rod 20, four limiting plates 22 and a cross groove 23. The limiting hole 11 and the sliding groove 12 are both arranged on the upper end of the rotating disc 10, and the limiting hole 11 is located on the inner side of the sliding groove 12. The second rotating rod 20 is slidingly connected in the limiting hole 11. The four limiting plates 22 are all fixedly connected to the surface of the second rotating rod 20, and all slidingly match with the limiting hole 11. The cross groove 23 is arranged on the upper end of the second rotating rod 20. The cutter body 21 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the second rotating rod 20, and is located at the bottom of the rotating disc 10.

[0061] In this embodiment, the limiting hole 11 is arranged for the sliding cooperation with the second rotating rod 20. The sliding cooperation of the limiting hole 11 and the limiting plate 22 prevents the idling of the second rotating rod 20. The sliding groove 12 is arranged for the rotary connection with the first rotating plate 25. The cross groove 23 is arranged for the clamping of the cross inserting rod 32.

[0062] Specifically, each group of mounting assemblies further comprises a clamping groove 24, a first rotating plate 25, a spring 26, a second rotating plate 27 and a protective sleeve 28. The clamping groove 24 is arranged on the surface of the second rotating rod 20. The first rotating plate 25 is rotatably connected in the sliding groove 12. The spring 26 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the first rotating plate 25. The second rotating plate 27 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the spring 26. The second rotating plate 27 is slidingly connected in the clamping groove 24 and clamped with the clamping groove 24. The protective sleeve 28 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the rotating disc 10 and slidingly matches with the first rotating plate 25 and the second rotating plate 27.

[0063] In this embodiment, the clamping groove 24 is arranged for the clamping of the second rotating plate 27. The clamping of the clamping groove 24 and the second rotating plate 27 limits the second rotating rod 20. The first rotating plate 25 is arranged for the rotary connection with the sliding groove 12. The spring 26 limits the second rotating plate 27 through the elastic effect of itself, and then limits the second rotating rod 20 through the limitation of the second rotating plate 27, so as to prevent the second rotating rod 20 from falling. The protective sleeve 28 is arranged for the sliding cooperation with the first rotating plate 25 and the second rotating plate 27, so as to protect the spring 26.

[0064] Specifically, the adjusting assembly comprises a first motor 13, a worm 14, a positioning plate 15, a first rotating rod 16, a worm wheel 17 and a transmission gear 18, the first motor 13 is installed in the hollow base 2, the worm 14 is fixedly connected to the output end of the first motor 13, the positioning plate 15 is installed at the upper end of the hollow base 2 and is rotationally connected with the worm 14, the first rotating rod 16 is rotationally connected in the hollow base 2, the worm wheel 17 is fixedly connected to the surface of the first rotating rod 16 and is engaged with the worm 14, and the transmission gear 18 is fixedly connected to the surface of the first rotating rod 16 and is engaged with the internal gear 19.

[0065] In the embodiment, the output end of the first motor 13 drives the worm 14 to rotate, the rotation of the worm 14 drives the worm wheel 17 to rotate, the rotation of the worm wheel 17 drives the first rotating rod 16 to rotate, the rotation of the first rotating rod 16 drives the transmission gear 18 at the top of the first rotating rod 16 to rotate, the rotation of the transmission gear 18 drives the internal gear 19 to rotate, the rotation of the internal gear 19 drives the rotating disc 10 to rotate, and the rotation of the rotating disc 10 drives the plurality of cutter bodies 21 to rotate. The positioning plate 15 is used for limiting the worm 14 and optimizing the stability of the rotation of the worm 14.

[0066] Specifically, the positioning assembly comprises a cylinder 29, a cross beam 30, a second motor 31 and a cross insertion rod 32, the cylinder 29 is installed in the hollow base 2, the cross beam 30 is fixedly connected to the extended end of the cylinder 29, the second motor 31 is installed at the upper end of the cross beam 30 and the output end of the second motor 31 is movably penetrated through the cross beam 30, and the cross insertion rod 32 is fixedly connected to the output end of the second motor 31 and is clamped with the cross groove 23.

[0067] In the embodiment, the cylinder 29 is used for driving the cross beam 30 to move, the cross beam 30 is used for installing the second motor 31, the second motor 31 is used for driving the cross insertion rod 32 to rotate, the clamping of the cross insertion rod 32 with the cross groove 23 is used for driving the cutter body 21 to rotate by the second motor 31, the cutter body 21 is installed and replaced by the clamping mode, and the convenience of replacement of the cutter body 21 is optimized.

[0068] Specifically, the front end of the workbench 1 is provided with a control panel 33, and the control panel 33 is electrically connected with the first motor 13, the cylinder 29 and the second motor 31.

[0069] In the embodiment, the control panel 33 is installed for controlling the first motor 13, the cylinder 29 and the second motor 31. It should be noted that the first motor 13, the cylinder 29, the second motor 31 and the control panel 33 are all prior art in the field, and thus will not be described herein.

[0070] Specific, the upper end of the rotating disc 10 is detachably connected with a protective cover 6, the surface of the protective cover 6 is fixedly connected with two handles 7, and the upper end of the workbench 1 is installed with a backing plate 5.

[0071] In the embodiment, the protective cover 6 is used to protect the tool changing mechanism, the handles 7 are used to lift the protective cover 6, the backing plate 5 is used to place workpieces.

[0072] Specifically, the upper end of the protective cover 6 is provided with an exhaust hole 8, and the exhaust hole 8 is installed with a dust screen 9.

[0073] In the embodiment, the exhaust hole 8 is used to dissipate heat, and the dust screen 9 is used to prevent dust from entering the protective cover 6.

[0074] Please refer to Figure 8 and 9 In the embodiment, a water spraying cooling device is arranged above the workbench 1, which is used to cool the tool during machining. In the numerical control machining process, a large amount of heat is generated and accumulated due to the high machining speed and continuous machining process. The cooling water is generally recycled in the numerical control machining process, but the temperature of the cooling water increases after cooling the tool and the workpiece. The cooling water needs to be cooled. If an additional evaporative heat exchanger is provided, the procurement and maintenance costs are high, the occupied area is large, and the evaporative heat exchanger is not suitable for use. Therefore, the water spraying cooling device specially used for the numerical control machine tool is specially designed. The water spraying cooling device comprises a convex arc-shaped guide plate 37, a water outlet cavity 38, a liquid collecting pipe 39, a gas mixing pipe 40 and a detachable slag removal pipe 41 which are sequentially connected. The water outlet cavity 38 comprises an upper convex arc-shaped plate 42, a lower convex arc-shaped plate 43 and two side plates. The upper arc-shaped plate 42, the lower arc-shaped plate 43 and the two side plates enclose the water outlet cavity 38 with a gradually decreasing cross-sectional area on one side of the arc-shaped guide plate 37. The front end of the water outlet cavity 38 forms a water outlet slit 44. The arc-shaped guide plate 37 and the lower arc-shaped plate 43 are smoothly connected, so that the water flowing out of the water outlet slit 44 is guided by the Coanda effect. The arc-shaped guide plate 37 comprises an upper convex arc-shaped elastic resin middle plate 45, piezoelectric ceramic arrays 46 attached to the upper and lower surfaces of the elastic resin middle plate 45, an elastic resin thin plate 47 attached to the outer surfaces of the two piezoelectric ceramic arrays 46, and a guide head plate 48 smoothly connected to one end of the elastic resin middle plate 45 and the elastic resin thin plate 47. An external circuit controls one of the two piezoelectric ceramic arrays 46 to elongate and the other to shorten, so as to adjust the bending curvature of the elastic resin middle plate 45 and the elastic resin thin plate 47. The upper arc-shaped plate 42 and the lower arc-shaped plate 43 are made of heat-conducting materials, and the outer surfaces of the upper arc-shaped plate 42 and the lower arc-shaped plate 43 are respectively attached with a semiconductor refrigeration sheet array 54. The cold end of the semiconductor refrigeration sheet array 54 abuts against the upper arc-shaped plate 42 or the lower arc-shaped plate 43, and the hot end faces outward.

[0075] In this embodiment, the collecting pipe 39 is connected to the long and flat water outlet cavity 38; the middle part of the mixing pipe 40 is provided with a necked part 49; a hollow annular air inlet pipe 50 is connected to the mixing pipe 40 through the necked part 49; the pressurized cold air is introduced into the mixing pipe 40 through the hollow annular air inlet pipe 50; the bottom of the slag removing pipe 41 is extended downwardly to a circular pipe part 51; a circular cover 52 is detachably and sealingly screwed to the circular pipe part 51; an electromagnet 53 is fixedly arranged on the inner surface of the circular cover 52; an external circuit controls the on-off of the electromagnet 53.

[0076] A tool changing method of an automatic tool changer of a numerical control machine tool, comprising the following steps:

[0077] S1, dismounting the tool body 21: first, the extension end of the cylinder 29 is extended by the rotation of the turntable 10, the extension end of the cylinder 29 moves to drive the cross beam 30 to move upward, the movement of the cross beam 30 drives the second motor 31 and the cross-shaped inserting rod 32 to move upward, when the cross-shaped inserting rod 32 moves upward to be disengaged from the cross-shaped slot 23, the cylinder 29 is closed;

[0078] S2, moving the tool body 21: when the cross-shaped slot 23 at the top of the first tool body 21 is disengaged from the cross-shaped inserting rod 32, the tool body 21 can be replaced, at this time, the output end of the first motor 13 is rotated by the rotation of the turntable 10, the rotation of the output end of the first motor 13 drives the rotation of the worm 14, the rotation of the worm 14 drives the rotation of the worm wheel 17, and the rotation of the worm wheel 17 drives the rotation of the first rotating rod 16, the rotation of the first rotating rod 16 drives the rotation of the transmission gear 18 at the top of the first rotating rod 16, the rotation of the transmission gear 18 drives the rotation of the internal gear 19, and the rotation of the internal gear 19 drives the rotation of the turntable 10, the rotation of the turntable 10 rotates the plurality of tool bodies 21, when the desired tool body 21 moves to the bottom of the cross-shaped inserting rod 32, the first motor 13 is closed;

[0079] S3, installing the tool body 21: when the angle of the desired tool body 21 is adjusted, the extension end of the cylinder 29 is retracted, the extension end of the cylinder 29 drives the cross beam 30 to move downward, the downward movement of the cross beam 30 drives the second motor 31 and the cross-shaped inserting rod 32 to move, and the downward movement of the cross-shaped inserting rod 32 drives the cross-shaped inserting rod 32 and the cross-shaped slot 23 to be clamped, the rotation of the output end of the second motor 31 drives the rotation of the tool body 21 through the clamping of the cross-shaped inserting rod 32 and the cross-shaped slot 23, so as to replace the tool body 21, and the installation of the tool body 21 is completed;

[0080] S4. When the tool body 21 needs to be used, the extended end of the cylinder 29 is moved downward by the turntable 10. The downward movement of the cylinder 29 pushes the second rotating rod 20 downward by the movement of the cross rod 32. The movement of the second rotating rod 20 causes the second rotating plate 27 to move downward. The downward movement of the second rotating plate 27 compresses the spring 26. The elasticity of the spring 26 helps to limit the second rotating rod 20 and prevent the second rotating rod 20 from deviating during rotation. The downward movement of the second rotating rod 20 allows the tool body 21 to pass through the mounting hole 4, thereby machining the workpiece on the pad 5.

[0081] Furthermore, the cooling method of the water spray cooling device is as follows: the circulating cooling water, which has a high temperature after cooling the blades, is pumped into the pipeline after preliminary filtration. When the cooling water passes through the slag removal pipe 41, the fine iron particles contained therein are attracted and settled in the circular tube section 51 by the electromagnet 53. Then, when the cooling water passes through the mixing pipe 40, it mixes with the compressed cold air from the hollow annular air inlet pipe 50. Because the cooling water is squeezed and expanded at the narrowing section 49, it is mixed evenly with the compressed cold air. According to Bernoulli's principle, the cooling water is accelerated and depressurized at the narrowing section 49, forming a negative pressure at the narrowing section 49, which is conducive to the intake of compressed cold air. The cooling water mixed with the compressed cold air is cooled for the first time. Then it enters and fills the liquid collection pipe 39, and then enters the water outlet chamber 38 with a cross-sectional area decreasing from large to small. Due to the cooling effect of the semiconductor cooling chip array 54 and the heat exchange under the combined action of the large contact area between the upper and lower arc plates and the cooling water, the cooling water undergoes a second cooling process. Secondary cooling occurs after the water is pressurized and squeezed out through the water outlet slit 44. The squeezed-out cooling water adheres to the surface of the arc-shaped guide plate 37 under the Coanda effect and flows towards the cutting tool during the machining process to cool it down. When the cooling water is squeezed out through the water outlet slit 44, the mixed gas undergoes adiabatic expansion and dissipates, resulting in a temperature drop, thus cooling the cooling water for the third time. When the cooling water adheres to the arc-shaped guide plate 37, it undergoes a fourth cooling process due to its large contact area with the air and heat exchange with the air. As the cutting tool moves, the vision recognition device tracks the coordinate position of the cutting tool. After calculation and analysis, the controller controls the upper and lower piezoelectric ceramic arrays 46 to extend one and shorten the other through an external circuit, thereby adjusting the curvature of the elastic resin middle plate 45 and the elastic resin thin plate 47 so that the cooling water is always sprayed towards the cutting tool. Since the sprayed cooling water is a long strip of water curtain, there is no need to adjust the angle in the width direction of the water curtain.

[0082] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and its improved concept, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic tool changer for a numerically controlled machine tool, characterized in that, Include: Workbench (1); Hollow base (2), the hollow base (2) is fixedly connected with workbench (1) on; Mounting disc (3), the mounting disc (3) is detachably connected to the surface of hollow base (2), the upper end of mounting disc (3) is provided with mounting hole (4); Rotating disc (10), the rotating disc (10) is rotatably connected to the upper end of mounting disc (3); Tool body (21), the tool body (21) is provided with multiple, multiple tool body (21) is arranged on rotating disc (10), multiple tool body (21) is matched with mounting hole (4); Tool changing mechanism, the tool changing mechanism is arranged on rotating disc (10), the tool changing mechanism is connected with multiple tool body (21); The workbench is provided with a water spraying cooling device above for cooling the tool in the machining process; the water spraying cooling device comprises a visual recognition device facing the tool in the machining process and sequentially connected or connected upper convex arc-shaped guide plate (37), water outlet cavity (38), liquid collecting pipe (39), gas mixing pipe (40) and detachable slag removal pipe (41); the water outlet cavity (38) comprises upper convex upper arc-shaped plate (42), upper convex lower arc-shaped plate (43) and two side plates; the upper arc-shaped plate (42), the lower arc-shaped plate (43) and the two side plates enclose the water outlet cavity (38) with the cross section gradually decreasing on one side of the arc-shaped guide plate (37); the front end of the water outlet cavity (38) forms a water outlet fine gap (44); the arc-shaped guide plate (37) and the lower arc-shaped plate (43) are smoothly connected so as to guide the water flowing out of the water outlet fine gap (44) by using the Coanda effect; the arc-shaped guide plate (37) comprises an upper convex arc-shaped elastic resin middle plate (45), piezoelectric ceramic arrays (46) attached to the upper and lower surfaces of the elastic resin middle plate (45), an elastic resin thin plate (47) attached to the outside of the two piezoelectric ceramic arrays (46), and a guide head plate (48) smoothly connected to one end of the elastic resin middle plate (45) and the elastic resin thin plate (47); an external circuit controls one of the two piezoelectric ceramic arrays (46) to elongate and the other to shorten, so as to adjust the bending curvature of the elastic resin middle plate (45) and the elastic resin thin plate (47); the upper arc-shaped plate (42) and the lower arc-shaped plate (43) are made of heat-conducting materials, and the outer surfaces of the upper arc-shaped plate (42) and the lower arc-shaped plate (43) are respectively attached with semiconductor refrigeration sheet arrays (54); the cold end of the semiconductor refrigeration sheet array (54) abuts against the upper arc-shaped plate (42) or the lower arc-shaped plate (43), and the hot end faces outward.

2. An automatic tool changer for a numerically controlled machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tool changing mechanism comprises an internal gear (19), an adjusting assembly, a positioning assembly and a plurality of mounting assemblies, the internal gear (19) is fixedly connected in the rotating disc (10), the adjusting assembly, the positioning assembly and the plurality of mounting assemblies are arranged on the workbench (1), the adjusting assembly is connected with the internal gear (19), and the positioning assembly is connected with the plurality of mounting assemblies.

3. An automatic tool changer for a numerically controlled machine tool according to claim 2, characterized in that: Each of the mounting assemblies comprises a limiting hole (11), a sliding groove (12), a second rotating rod (20), a limiting plate (22) and a cross slot (23), the limiting hole (11) and the sliding groove (12) are both arranged on the upper end of the rotating disc (10), the limiting hole (11) is located on the inner side of the sliding groove (12), the second rotating rod (20) is slidingly connected in the limiting hole (11), the four limiting plates (22) are all fixedly connected to the surface of the second rotating rod (20), and the four limiting plates (22) are all slidingly matched with the limiting hole (11), the cross slot (23) is arranged on the upper end of the second rotating rod (20), the cutter body (21) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the second rotating rod (20), and the cutter body (21) is located on the bottom of the rotating disc (10).

4. An automatic tool changer for a numerically controlled machine tool according to claim 3, characterized in that: Each of the mounting assemblies further comprises a clamping groove (24), a first rotating plate (25), a spring (26), a second rotating plate (27) and a protective sleeve (28), the clamping groove (24) is arranged on the surface of the second rotating rod (20), the first rotating plate (25) is rotatably connected in the sliding groove (12), the spring (26) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the first rotating plate (25), the second rotating plate (27) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the spring (26), the second rotating plate (27) is slidingly connected in the clamping groove (24), and the second rotating plate (27) is clamped with the clamping groove (24), and the protective sleeve (28) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the rotating disc (10) and slidingly matched with the first rotating plate (25) and the second rotating plate (27).

5. An automatic tool changer for a numerically controlled machine tool according to claim 4, characterized in that: The adjusting assembly comprises a first motor (13), a worm (14), a positioning plate (15), a first rotating rod (16), a worm wheel (17) and a transmission gear (18), the first motor (13) is installed in the hollow base (2), the worm (14) is fixedly connected to the output end of the first motor (13), the positioning plate (15) is installed on the upper end of the hollow base (2) and rotatably connected with the worm (14), the first rotating rod (16) is rotatably connected in the hollow base (2), the worm wheel (17) is fixedly connected to the surface of the first rotating rod (16) and engaged with the worm (14), and the transmission gear (18) is fixedly connected to the surface of the first rotating rod (16) and engaged with the internal gear (19).

6. An automatic tool changer for a numerically controlled machine tool according to claim 5, characterized in that: The positioning assembly comprises a cylinder (29), a cross beam (30), a second motor (31) and a cross inserting rod (32), the cylinder (29) is installed in the hollow base (2), the cross beam (30) is fixedly connected to the extended end of the cylinder (29), the second motor (31) is installed on the upper end of the cross beam (30), the output end of the second motor (31) is movably penetrated through the cross beam (30), and the cross inserting rod (32) is fixedly connected to the output end of the second motor (31) and clamped with the cross slot (23).

7. An automatic tool changer for a numerically controlled machine tool according to claim 6, characterized in that: The front end of the workbench (1) is provided with a control panel (33), the control panel (33) is electrically connected with the first motor (13), the cylinder (29) and the second motor (31); the upper end of the rotating disc (10) is detachably connected with a protective cover (6), the surface of the protective cover (6) is fixedly connected with two handles (7), and the upper end of the workbench (1) is provided with a backing plate (5); the upper end of the protective cover (6) is provided with an exhaust hole (8), and the exhaust hole (8) is provided with a dust screen (9).

8. The automatic tool changer of claim 1, wherein: The collecting pipe (39) is in transition connection with the flat and long water outlet cavity (38); the middle part of the gas mixing pipe (40) is provided with a necked part (49); a hollow annular air inlet pipe (50) is in communication with the necked part (49) and the gas mixing pipe (40); the pressurized cold air is introduced into the gas mixing pipe (40) through the hollow annular air inlet pipe (50); the bottom of the deslagging pipe (41) extends downwardly to a circular pipe part (51); a circular cover (52) is detachably and sealingly screwed with the circular pipe part (51); an electromagnet (53) is fixedly arranged on the inner surface of the circular cover (52); an external circuit controls the on-off of the electromagnet (53).

9. A tool changing method of an automatic tool changer of a numerical control machine tool, characterized by, An automatic tool changer of a numerical control machine tool according to claim 7 is used, comprising the following steps: S1, disassembling the tool body (21): first, the extension end of the cylinder (29) is extended through the rotating disc (10), the extension end of the cylinder (29) moves to drive the cross beam (30) to move upward, the movement of the cross beam (30) drives the second motor (31) and the cross-shaped inserting rod (32) to move upward, and when the cross-shaped inserting rod (32) moves upward to be separated from the cross-shaped groove (23), the cylinder (29) is closed; S2, moving the tool body (21): when the cross-shaped groove (23) at the top of the first tool body (21) is separated from the cross-shaped inserting rod (32), the tool body (21) can be replaced, at this time, the output end of the first motor (13) is rotated through the rotating disc (10), the rotation of the output end of the first motor (13) drives the rotation of the worm (14), the rotation of the worm (14) drives the rotation of the worm wheel (17), and the rotation of the worm wheel (17) drives the rotation of the first rotating rod (16), the rotation of the first rotating rod (16) drives the rotation of the transmission gear (18) at the top of the first rotating rod (16), the rotation of the transmission gear (18) drives the rotation of the internal gear (19), and the rotation of the internal gear (19) drives the rotation of the rotating disc (10), the rotation of the rotating disc (10) drives the rotation of the plurality of tool bodies (21), and when the required tool body (21) moves to the bottom of the cross-shaped inserting rod (32), the first motor (13) can be closed. S3, install tool body (21): when the required tool body (21) angle adjustment is good, restart the extension end of cylinder (29) contraction, the extension end of cylinder (29) contraction driven crossbeam (30) moves down, crossbeam (30) moves down driven second motor (31) and cross bar (32) moves, and through the cross bar (32) and cross slot (23) card interface through the cross bar (32) and cross slot (23) card interface can be through the output end of second motor (31) rotation driven tool body (21) rotation, so as to replace tool body (21), the installation of tool body (21) is completed; S4, when need to use tool body (21), through the rotating disc (10) start the extension end of cylinder (29) moves down, through the extension of cylinder (29) moves down, through the cross bar (32) and moves down the second rotating rod (20) and pushes down, the second rotating rod (20) moves down the second rotating plate (27) moves down, through the second rotating plate (27) moves down will spring (26) compression, through the spring (26) elastic effect is convenient for the second rotating rod (20) plays a limiting effect, prevent the second rotating rod (20) in rotation deviation, and through the second rotating rod (20) moves down makes the tool body (21) through the installation hole (4), so as to the workpiece on the backing plate (5) processing.

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