An underground metal mine bionic filling mining method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of underground metal mine bionic filling mining method, for the mined-out area formed after one-step stope mining, lay uninflated air bag in mined-out area, then inflate air bag, make air bag form support in mined-out area, when mined-out area fills, directly inject filling material into air bag, with the continuous injection of filling material, gas in air bag is continuously discharged through pressure relief valve, and keep the pressure in air bag stable, until filling material completely fills the entire air bag, to form permanent filling body.The method uses air bag to quickly form surrounding rock support, and uses air bag as carrier to inject cemented filling material into the capsule, forming a permanent filling body. Capsule filling can effectively control the amount of filling body, and can use more economical sand ratio and cementing agent. At the same time, there is no need to set up filling retaining wall, which can reduce the cost of filling and prevent the dilution caused by the mixing of filling material and ore during mining blasting.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of underground metal mine exploitation, and particularly relates to a bionic filling mining method for underground metal mines. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the development of digitalization, automation, intelligence and continuity of underground metal mine exploitation, and the gradual deepening of underground metal mine exploitation, the development of mine filling also faces some development difficulties: ① The cost of mine filling is high, and the cost of mine filling includes the cost of cementing material, the cost of labor and the cost of retaining wall, which can account for 20% to 40% of the mining cost. Reducing the filling cost can significantly improve the mining benefit; ② The filling process is difficult to coordinate. The commonly used subsequent filling method has problems such as poor continuity and lagging support for the exploitation of special ore bodies such as broken surrounding rock, complex ore body and three-underground mining; ③ The filling effect and consolidation of the filling body in the stope are difficult to accurately monitor, which seriously affects the intelligent development of filling mining.

[0003] In view of the above problems and challenges existing in the prior art, it is necessary to develop a bionic filling mining method for underground metal mines. SUMMARY

[0004] Therefore, the main purpose of the present application is to provide a bionic filling mining method for underground metal mines, which uses air bags to quickly form surrounding rock support, and uses air bags as carriers to inject cemented filling material into the air bags, combines with microbial induction technology to assist the consolidation of the filling material, and forms a bionic eggshell structure with calcium carbonate as the main component inside the air bag to strengthen the strength of the filling body.

[0005] The bionic filling mining method for underground metal mines provided by the embodiment of the present application comprises the steps of arranging a stope, cutting, stoping and filling. The stoping method adopts blasting and ore falling. The ore blocks are divided into one-step stopes and two-step stopes along the strike of the ore body. The one-step stopes are stoped in a certain stoping sequence, and then the cemented filling is carried out after the stoping is completed to form a filling body. Then, the two-step stopes adjacent to the one-step stopes are stoped. The air bags are laid in the goaf formed after the stoping of the one-step stopes. Then, the air bags are inflated to form a support in the goaf. When the goaf is filled, the filling material is directly injected into the air bags. The pressure relief valve is arranged on the air bag. With the continuous injection of the filling material, the gas in the air bag is continuously discharged through the pressure relief valve, and the pressure in the air bag is kept stable. Until the filling material completely fills the entire air bag, a permanent filling body is formed after the filling material is consolidated.

[0006] Specifically, the microbial bacteria liquid is added in the filling material, the microbial bacteria liquid and the filling material have a mineralization reaction, a biomimetic calcium carbonate layer is formed on the inner surface of the air bag, and the filling material is consolidated.

[0007] Specifically, for the goaf formed after the two-step stope mining, the same way as the goaf formed after the one-step stope mining is used for goaf filling.

[0008] Specifically, the stope ore falling is fan-shaped medium-length hole lateral caving.

[0009] Specifically, the filling material uses tailings cementing material.

[0010] Specifically, the air bag comprises a flexible bag body and a flexible rubber plate wrapped outside the flexible bag body.

[0011] Specifically, the fan-shaped medium-length hole is drilled in the rock drilling through vein roadway, the unsampled ore body in the stope is laterally extruded and caved, the caved ore is discharged from the bottom ore discharge roadway, and is transported out from the middle section transportation roadway.

[0012] Specifically, the air bag is further provided with a pressure sensor.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, at least one embodiment of the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0014] 1. The air bag is quickly arranged, especially for the mining of broken surrounding rock ore body, the surrounding rock can be quickly supported, the safety of the stope operation equipment and personnel is protected, and the problem of unsuitable support effect of subsequent filling during large-scale mining is solved. In addition, under the condition of meeting the safety requirement, the ore body can be mined by medium-length hole, and the stope mining efficiency is increased.

[0015] 2. The filling material slurry is directly injected into the air bag for consolidation to form a permanent filling body, the bag-type filling can effectively control the filling body amount, a more economical sand ratio and cementing agent can be used, and a filling retaining wall does not need to be set up, the construction process is simple and controllable, the filling cost is reduced, and dilution caused by mixing of filling material and ore during mining blasting is prevented.

[0016] 3. The filling material is injected into the air bag for curing, and a mineralization reaction is generated by using the MICP (microbial induced carbonate precipitation) technology to consume water to consolidate the filling material, form a permanent filling body, and additional drainage facilities do not need to be set up, and the filling cost is greatly reduced.

[0017] 4. The added microbial solution will have mineralization reaction with the filling material, and form a high-strength eggshell-like biomimetic calcium carbonate layer in the air bag, which wraps the filling body, and the biomimetic calcium carbonate layer + air bag forms a wall protection structure, which not only prevents large-scale collapse on both sides of the filling body during the two-step mining process, affecting ore recovery, but also strengthens the strength of the filling body, reduces the amount of cement and other cementitious materials in the filling material, and further reduces the filling operation cost.

[0018] 5. The filling body is wrapped by the air bag made of flexible material, which can effectively absorb the blasting stress wave generated by subsequent ore body blasting mining, so that the attenuated stress wave will not damage the filling body, effectively ensuring the safety of mining. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed in the embodiment description will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0020] Figure 1 is the main view of the mining method provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Figure 2 is Figure 1 I-I direction schematic view in the embodiment;

[0022] Wherein: 1, air bag; 2, filling material; 3, calcium carbonate layer; 4, drilling roadway; 5, cutting shaft; 6, cutting groove; 7, fan-shaped medium-length hole; 8, ore body; 9, ore roadway; 10, middle section transportation roadway. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely in combination with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, not all. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0024] In the description of the present application, it needs to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application.

[0025] In addition, the terms "first", "second" are only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined with "first", "second" can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0026] Referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 A bionic filling mining method for underground metal mines includes arranging a stope, cutting, stoping and filling. The stoping method uses blasting to fall the ore, and a sublevel open stoping and subsequent filling method is used to stoping the ore body 8. According to the stope structure parameters, the ore body is divided into alternately distributed one-step and two-step stopes along the strike. The one-step stopes are first stoped according to a certain stoping sequence, and after stoping is completed, cemented filling is performed to form a filling body, and then the adjacent two-step stopes are stoped. During the stoping of the two-step stopes, the roof is supported by the filling body, and the strength must meet the technical requirements to ensure the safety of stoping.

[0027] For the mined-out area formed after the stoping of the one-step stopes, an un-inflated air bag 1 is laid in the mined-out area, and then the air bag 1 is inflated to form a support in the mined-out area. When the mined-out area is filled, the filling material 2 is directly injected into the air bag 1. A pressure relief valve (not shown in the figure) is provided on the air bag 1. As the filling material 2 is continuously injected, the gas in the air bag 1 is continuously discharged through the pressure relief valve, and the pressure in the air bag 1 is kept stable. Until the filling material 2 completely fills the entire air bag 1, after the filling material 2 is solidified, a permanent filling body is formed.

[0028] In this embodiment, the filling material slurry is directly injected into the air bag for solidification to form a permanent filling body. The bag-type filling can effectively control the amount of filling body, and more economical sand ratio and cementing agent can be used. At the same time, there is no need to set up a filling retaining wall, and the construction process is simple and controllable. While reducing the filling cost, it can prevent the dilution caused by the mixing of filling material and ore during the blasting of ore body mining.

[0029] In other embodiments, microbial bacteria solution is added into the filling material 2, the microbial bacteria solution has mineralization reaction with the filling material 2, and a biomimetic calcium carbonate layer 3 is formed on the inner surface of the air bag 1, while water is consumed to achieve the consolidation of the filling material 2.

[0030] In the embodiment, during the mining process, the rock drilling gallery is arranged vertically along the strike of the ore body 8, and the stope is recovered in two steps. After the completion of the first step of mining, the filling body is filled in the mining area. During the second step of recovery, the filling body is on both sides of the stope. The microbial bacteria solution added will have a mineralization reaction with the filling material 2. Due to the interfacial reaction, a biomimetic calcium carbonate layer 3 with high strength like eggshell will first be formed on the inner surface of the air bag 1. The biomimetic calcium carbonate layer 3 wraps the filling body, and the biomimetic calcium carbonate layer 3 + air bag 1 forms a wall protection structure, which can not only prevent large-scale collapse on both sides of the filling body during the second step of mining and recovery, affecting ore recovery, but also can strengthen the strength of the filling body, reduce the amount of cement and other cementitious materials in the filling material 2, and further reduce the cost of filling operation.

[0031] In addition, the filling material 2 is injected into the air bag 1 for curing, and the MICP technology is used to assist the consolidation of the filling material 2 to form a permanent filling body. The bladder filling can effectively control the amount of filling body, and more economical sand-cement ratio and cementing agent can be used. At the same time, there is no need to set up a filling retaining wall and drainage device, and the construction cost is low.

[0032] In the embodiment, a pressure relief valve is arranged on the air bag 1. After the ore body 8 is mined to form a goaf, the un-inflated air bag 1 is lowered from the rock drilling gallery 4 above the goaf, high-pressure gas generated by the underground air compressor is filled into the air bag 1, and the air bag 1 forms initial support after being inflated, which can quickly support the surrounding rock, protect the stope operation equipment and personnel safety, solve the problem of delayed filling support effect in large-scale mining, and is especially suitable for the mining of broken surrounding rock ore body 8. When the difference between the air pressure in the air bag 1 and the external air pressure reaches the pressure relief value of the pressure relief valve, the pressure relief valve is opened, the air bag 1 is relieved, and the pressure in the air bag 1 is kept constant. The air bag 1 can form stable support for the goaf during the filling process. In addition, the filling body is wrapped by the air bag 1 made of flexible material, which can effectively absorb the blasting stress wave generated by the subsequent ore body 8 blasting mining, so that the attenuated stress wave will not damage the filling body. Under the condition of meeting the safety requirements, the ore body 8 can be recovered by medium-length hole blasting, which can increase the recovery efficiency of the stope.

[0033] It can be understood that after the formation of the filling body, the adjacent two-step stope is recovered, and the recovery method is the same as that of the one-step stope. In order to ensure the safety of the entire ore body 8 mining, the goaf formed after the recovery of the two-step stope can be filled in the same way as the goaf formed after the recovery of the one-step stope.

[0034] Referring to Figure 2In actual mining process, the strength of the filling body is determined by the size of the stope and the mechanical properties of the surrounding rock, then the one-step stope is mined, the fan-shaped medium-length hole 7 is arranged laterally, the cutting shaft 5 is arranged at one end of the stope, and the cutting groove 6 is formed, then the fan-shaped medium-length hole 7 is drilled in the rock drilling through the roadway, the unsampled ore body 8 in the stope is laterally extruded and collapsed, the collapsed ore is discharged from the bottom ore discharge roadway 9, and is transported out from the middle transport roadway 10, wherein the filling material 2 can be tailings cementing slurry.

[0035] Specifically, the entire air bag 1 is made of flexible material, which can meet the requirements of lining support for the complex shape of the goaf formed by metal ore mining blasting. The air bag is provided with an inflation nozzle, a pressure relief valve and a slurry filling nozzle. The air bag is inflated through the inflation nozzle, and the filling material is filled into the air bag through the slurry filling nozzle. Control valves are arranged on the inflation nozzle and the slurry filling nozzle to control the interruption and opening of the inflation and filling of the filling material.

[0036] Specifically, the air bag 1 includes a flexible bag body and a flexible rubber plate wrapped outside the flexible bag body. By adding a flexible rubber plate on the surface of the flexible bag body, the sharp corners of the rock can be prevented from piercing the bag body. In addition, the air bag 1 forms a closed filling space. Pressure sensors (not shown in the figure) are arranged on the inner surface and inside the air bag 1. The state parameter changes of the filling material 2 are monitored by the pressure sensors. Combined with intelligent algorithms, the state of the filling body can be monitored and optimized. The problem of "blind box" in the internal filling of the stope in the past is solved, and intelligent filling operation is realized.

[0037] Any of the technical solutions disclosed in the above application, unless otherwise stated, if it discloses a numerical range, the disclosed numerical range is a preferred numerical range. Any person skilled in the art should understand that the preferred numerical range is only one of the many implementable values with more obvious technical effects or representative values. Because there are too many values, it is impossible to enumerate them all, so the present application discloses some values to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and the above-mentioned values should not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the present application.

[0038] At the same time, if the above-mentioned application discloses or involves parts or structural members that are fixedly connected to each other, unless otherwise stated, the fixed connection can be understood as being able to be disassembled (such as using bolts or screws to connect), or as being unable to be disassembled (such as riveting, welding), and of course, the fixed connection can also be replaced by an integral structure (such as being manufactured by using casting process to form integrally, except for obvious cases that cannot be formed integrally).

[0039] In addition, the terms used to represent the positional relationship or shape in any of the technical solutions disclosed in the present application include the approximate, similar or close state or shape unless otherwise stated. Any component provided by the present application can be assembled from multiple individual components or manufactured as a separate component by one-piece forming process.

[0040] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Based on the above description, those skilled in the art can make other different forms of changes or variations. Here, all the embodiments do not need to be exhausted. The obvious changes or variations derived therefrom are still within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A bionic filling mining method for underground metal mines, comprising arranging a stope, a preparation cutting, a stoping and a filling, the stoping method adopts blasting ore drawing, the ore block is divided into one-step stopes and two-step stopes along the strike of the ore body (8), the one-step stopes are stoped according to a certain stoping sequence, the stoping is completed, cemented filling is carried out to form a filling body, and then the two-step stopes adjacent to the one-step stopes are stoped, characterized in that: For the goaf formed after one-step stope mining, an uninflated air bag (1) is laid in the goaf, and then the air bag (1) is inflated to form a support in the goaf; ​ When the goaf is filled, the filling material (2) is directly injected into the air bag (1), a pressure relief valve is arranged on the air bag (1), as the filling material (2) is continuously injected, the gas in the air bag (1) is continuously discharged through the pressure relief valve, and the pressure in the air bag (1) is kept stable, until the filling material (2) fills the entire air bag (1), microbial liquid is added into the filling material (2), the microbial liquid and the filling material have a mineralization reaction to form a biomimetic calcium carbonate layer on the inner surface of the air bag, and water is consumed to realize the consolidation of the filling material; The air bag comprises a flexible bag body and a flexible rubber plate wrapped outside the flexible bag body; The stope ore drop is a fan-shaped medium-length hole (7) lateral ore drop; The filling material (2) uses tailings cementing material slurry.

2. The underground metal mine biomimetic fill mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fan-shaped medium-length hole (7) is drilled in the rock drilling through vein roadway, the unsampled ore body (8) in the stope is laterally extruded and collapsed, the collapsed ore is discharged from the bottom ore discharge roadway (9), and is transported out from the middle section transportation roadway (10).

3. The bionic backfilling mining method of underground metal mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: For the goaf formed after two-step stope mining, the same way as after one-step stope mining is used for goaf filling.

4. The underground metal mine bionic fill mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air bag (1) is also provided with a pressure sensor.

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