A vehicle networking-oriented roadside communication unit adaptive power regulation method

Abstract

The application belongs to the field of Internet of Vehicles, and particularly relates to a roadside communication unit adaptive power regulation method for Internet of Vehicles, which comprises a roadside communication unit, a roadside sensing system, a roadside computing unit and a communication base station; the communication base station is connected with the roadside communication unit, the roadside communication unit is connected with the roadside computing unit, and the roadside computing unit is connected with the roadside sensing system; the method uses the roadside communication unit, the roadside computing unit, the roadside sensing system and the communication base station as participating objects, introduces the roadside sensing system, takes road data of elements influencing communication quality as input calculation of one regulation mode, takes temporary power demand of the communication base station as input calculation of another regulation mode, and can realize adaptive power control of the roadside communication unit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of vehicle networking, and specifically relates to an adaptive power adjustment method for a communication unit. Background Technology

[0002] Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication enables interconnection between vehicles, roads, pedestrians, and the cloud, significantly improving traffic efficiency and reducing accident rates. Roadside communication units (LSUs), as a crucial component, transmit communication information at a fixed power, enabling traffic participants within a certain range to receive the information. While traditional cellular communication, exemplified by mobile phones, employs demand-based adaptive power adjustment methods, these are not entirely applicable to the V2X field.

[0003] Its main problems are as follows:

[0004] 1. The adaptive power adjustment method of mobile phone base stations is generally based on time-sharing adjustment, which does not take into account the needs of actual traffic participants. Although traffic flow has time characteristics of morning and evening peaks, it cannot adaptively adjust the power for sudden events that cause power increases or decreases.

[0005] 2. While adaptive adjustment based on real-time data interaction can capture different power demands to some extent, many traffic participants passively receive data messages without engaging in data interaction, leading to inaccurate power demand estimates. Furthermore, traffic participants outside the power range cannot participate in data interaction and therefore cannot provide real-time feedback on communication power demands. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide an adaptive power adjustment method for roadside communication units in the context of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication network. This method can adaptively control the power of roadside communication units by combining time characteristics, roadside sensing capabilities, and cellular communication data interaction.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows.

[0008] An adaptive power adjustment method for a roadside communication unit for vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication network is provided. The method includes a roadside communication unit, a roadside sensing system, a roadside computing unit, and a communication base station. The method is characterized in that the communication base station is connected to the roadside communication unit, the roadside communication unit is connected to the roadside computing unit, and the roadside computing unit is connected to the roadside sensing system.

[0009] Roadside perception system: Identifies road data that affects communication quality and transmits the road data to the roadside computing unit;

[0010] Communication base station: Based on cellular communication, it transmits remote power change requirements, sends temporary power requirement data to the roadside communication unit, and then transmits the temporary power requirement data to the roadside computing unit through the roadside communication unit;

[0011] Roadside calculation unit: Based on road data and temporary power demand data, it performs calculations and then outputs the power value to be adjusted to the roadside communication unit;

[0012] Roadside communication unit: Receives power control commands from the roadside computing unit regarding the power values ​​to be adjusted, and then changes the transmission power accordingly.

[0013] This method is designed for the field of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) applications. It uses roadside communication units, roadside computing units, roadside sensing systems, and communication base stations as participants. By introducing a roadside sensing system, road data, which affects communication quality, is used as input for one adjustment method. At the same time, the temporary power demand of the communication base station is used as input for another adjustment method, which enables adaptive power control of the roadside communication unit.

[0014] Furthermore, factors affecting communication quality include the surrounding environment, road users, and obstacles.

[0015] Furthermore, the method specifically includes the following steps:

[0016] Step 1: Determine if it is a peak traffic period. If it is a peak period, adjust the power to the maximum value and end or return to Step 1. If it is not a peak period, proceed to Step 2.

[0017] Step 2: Obtain information on the surrounding environment, vehicle traffic flow at the communication range boundary, vehicle density within the communication range, road communication obstacle density, and temporary communication enhancement needs.

[0018] Step 3: Based on the information obtained in Step 2, perform adaptive dynamic adjustment of power.

[0019] Furthermore, in step 2,

[0020] The base transmission power E is determined based on the different degrees of obstruction in the surrounding environment;

[0021] The power change value Q of the vehicle flow at the communication range boundary is obtained by statistically analyzing the vehicle density within the communication boundary range based on the current power of the roadside communication unit.

[0022] The power change value H of the vehicle density within the communication range is obtained by statistically analyzing the vehicle density within the communication range based on the current power of the roadside communication unit.

[0023] The road communication obstacle density density density density density is statistically analyzed based on the current roadside communication unit's communication range, and the change value of the road communication obstacle density power is obtained as T.

[0024] Obtain information on temporary communication enhancement requirements; the power change value for temporary communication enhancement requirements is F.

[0025] Furthermore, in step 3, the calculation formula for the power adaptive dynamic adjustment P is as follows: P = E + Q + H + T + F.

[0026] Furthermore, based on the classification of static elements, the surrounding environment can be divided into open environment, slightly obstructed, moderately obstructed, and severely obstructed.

[0027] Furthermore, obtain the traffic flow threshold 'a' within the communication boundary range of the current roadside communication unit power, obtain the actual boundary traffic flow 'b' within the communication boundary range of the current roadside communication unit power, obtain the power increment coefficient 'g' within the communication boundary range of the current roadside communication unit power, and calculate the power change value Q of the vehicle flow at the communication range boundary. The calculation formula is Q=(ba)÷a×g.

[0028] Furthermore, the traffic flow threshold within the communication range of the current roadside communication unit power is c, the actual traffic flow within the communication range of the current roadside communication unit power is d, and the power increment coefficient within the communication range of the current roadside communication unit power is f; the power change value H of the vehicle density within the communication range of the current roadside communication unit power is calculated, and the calculation formula is H=(dc)÷c×f.

[0029] Furthermore, let i be the road obstacle density within the communication range of the current roadside communication unit, and j be the power increment coefficient within the communication range of the current roadside communication unit. The power change value for the road obstacle density within the communication range of the current roadside communication unit is calculated as T, using the formula T = i × j. The power increment coefficients g, j, and f are all pre-determined values, representing a fixed set of values. Similarly, the traffic flow thresholds a and c are pre-determined values, representing a fixed set of values.

[0030] Furthermore, in step 3, a preset power fluctuation percentage is set. When the power change exceeds the preset fluctuation percentage, the power is adjusted; otherwise, the original power is maintained.

[0031] The beneficial effects of this invention are that the method is geared towards the field of vehicle networking applications, and uses roadside communication units, roadside computing units, roadside sensing systems, and communication base stations as participants. By introducing a roadside sensing system, road data, which are factors affecting communication quality, are used as input calculations for one adjustment method, while the temporary power requirements of the communication base station are used as input calculations for another adjustment method, which can realize adaptive power control of the roadside communication unit. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1This is a flowchart of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 2 This is a structural block diagram of the roadside communication unit, roadside sensing system, roadside computing unit, and communication base station. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0035] An adaptive power adjustment method for roadside communication units (LCMs) oriented towards vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication is disclosed. Based on this method, the LCM should be able to receive adaptive power control commands transmitted by a roadside computing unit, thereby changing its transmission power. The LCM can implement both cellular communication and direct-connect communication.

[0036] Roadside perception systems should be able to identify factors that affect communication quality, such as the surrounding environment, road users, and obstacles.

[0037] The roadside computing unit should be able to perform calculations based on data input from external sources such as roadside sensing systems and communication base stations, and then output the power value that should be adjusted to the roadside communication unit.

[0038] Communication base stations should be able to transmit remote power change requirements based on cellular communication and support calculations by roadside computing units.

[0039] For the protection of components in roadside communication units, the calculation frequency for power changes should not exceed once every 30 seconds, and power changes within 10% should be maintained as is. Flexible modifications can be made based on actual needs.

[0040] The specific method is as follows:

[0041] Determine if it is during weekday morning and evening rush hours (time can be preset); if it is during peak hours, adjust the power to the maximum value.

[0042] During off-peak hours, power is dynamically adjusted based on information such as the surrounding environment, vehicle traffic flow at the communication range boundary, vehicle density within the communication range, density of road communication obstacles, and temporary communication enhancement needs.

[0043] The surrounding environment refers to static factors that affect communication quality, such as open space, tall buildings obstructing the view, trees obstructing the view, and construction debris obstructing the view. Based on the classification of static factors, the surrounding environment can be categorized as open space, slightly obstructed, moderately obstructed, and severely obstructed. The base transmit power E is determined according to the different degrees of obstruction.

[0044] Vehicle traffic flow at the boundary of the sensing communication range is a dynamic element of communication demand. Based on the roadside sensing system, the vehicle traffic flow within the communication boundary range is statistically analyzed based on the current power of the roadside communication units, and power is adjusted accordingly. The calculated range of the communication boundary can be set according to actual needs, for example, one-tenth of the communication range radius. Let the threshold traffic flow of the boundary range be *a*, the actual boundary traffic flow be *b*, and the power increment coefficient be *g*. Then, the power change value based on the traffic flow at the communication range boundary is *Q*, where *Q* = (*ba*) ÷ *a* × *g*. The traffic flow within the boundary range is the number of vehicles passing through that boundary per unit time; the vehicle inflow and outflow at the sensing boundary per unit time reflects the current vehicle communication demand within the range. When the traffic flow at the sensing boundary increases, the communication range should be expanded and the power increased, and vice versa. Figure 1 In this context, the vehicle density at the communication range boundary is the same as the vehicle traffic flow at the communication range boundary mentioned above.

[0045] Vehicle density within the sensing communication range is a dynamic element of communication demand. Based on the roadside sensing system, the traffic flow within the communication range is statistically analyzed based on the current power of the roadside communication unit, and power is adjusted accordingly. Let c be the threshold for traffic flow within the communication range, d be the actual traffic flow, and f be the power increment coefficient. Then, the power change value based on the traffic flow within the communication range is H. Where H = (dc) ÷ c × f.

[0046] Specifically, actual traffic conditions may vary. For example, an accident at an intersection might cause congestion and high vehicle density, even if the actual traffic flow is not heavy. In this case, power can be adjusted gradually because the required range is not large; the focus is more on preventing channel congestion and optimizing routing. Another scenario is where vehicles increase at a steady pace and move quickly and smoothly. In this case, the vehicle density within the communication range might not change significantly, but the traffic flow will be high. Therefore, it's necessary to expand the communication range, explore its boundaries, and then substantially increase power. Thus, evaluating both the traffic flow at the communication range boundaries and the vehicle density within the communication range is essential.

[0047] Road communication obstacle density is a dynamic factor affecting communication quality. Road communication obstacles mainly refer to objects such as large trucks, which can affect the communication quality of other road users. Based on a roadside sensing system, the road communication obstacle density within the communication range of the current roadside communication unit is statistically analyzed, and power is increased or decreased based on this density. Let the road obstacle density within the communication range be i, and the power increment coefficient be j. Then, the power change based on the road communication obstacles within the communication range is T, where T = i × j.

[0048] Temporary communication power enhancement requirements are a dynamic factor affecting communication quality. Due to unforeseen traffic events or other reasons, temporary communication power enhancement needs may arise. Communication base stations transmit these temporary enhancement needs to roadside communication units and roadside computing units. The power change increment based on these temporary enhancement needs is F.

[0049] During off-peak communication periods, the adaptive power P of the roadside communication unit is calculated using the following formula: P = E + Q + H + T + F.

[0050] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive power adjustment method for a roadside communication unit for vehicle-to-everything (V2X) networks, comprising a roadside communication unit, a roadside sensing system, a roadside computing unit, and a communication base station; characterized in that, The communication base station is connected to the roadside communication unit, the roadside communication unit is connected to the roadside computing unit, and the roadside computing unit is connected to the roadside sensing system. Roadside perception system: Identifies road data that affects communication quality and transmits the road data to the roadside computing unit; Communication base station: Based on cellular communication, it transmits remote power change requirements, sends temporary power requirement data to the roadside communication unit, and then transmits the temporary power requirement data to the roadside computing unit through the roadside communication unit; Roadside calculation unit: Based on road data and temporary power demand data, it performs calculations and then outputs the power value to be adjusted to the roadside communication unit; Roadside communication unit: Receives power control commands from the roadside computing unit regarding the power values ​​to be adjusted, and then changes the transmission power accordingly; Factors affecting communication quality include the surrounding environment, road users, and obstacles; The method specifically includes the following steps: Step 1: Determine if it is a peak traffic period. If it is a peak period, adjust the power to the maximum value and end or return to Step 1. If it is not a peak period, proceed to Step 2. Step 2: Obtain information on the surrounding environment, vehicle traffic flow at the communication range boundary, vehicle density within the communication range, density of road communication obstacles, and temporary communication enhancement needs; Step 3: Based on the information obtained in Step 2, perform adaptive dynamic adjustment of power; In step 2, The base transmission power E is determined based on the different degrees of obstruction in the surrounding environment; The power change value Q of the vehicle flow at the communication range boundary is obtained by statistically analyzing the vehicle density within the communication boundary range based on the current power of the roadside communication unit. The power change value H of the vehicle density within the communication range is obtained by statistically analyzing the vehicle density within the communication range based on the current power of the roadside communication unit. The road communication obstacle density density density density density is statistically analyzed based on the current roadside communication unit's communication range, and the change value of the road communication obstacle density power is obtained as T. Obtain information on temporary communication enhancement requirements; the power change value of the temporary communication enhancement requirements is F. In step 3, the formula for calculating the power adaptive dynamic adjustment P is as follows: P = E + Q + H + T + F; Based on the classification of static elements, the surrounding environment can be divided into open environment, slight obstruction, moderate obstruction, and severe obstruction. Get the traffic flow threshold 'a' within the communication boundary range of the current roadside communication unit power; get the actual boundary traffic flow 'b' within the communication boundary range of the current roadside communication unit power; get the power increment coefficient 'g' within the communication boundary range of the current roadside communication unit power; calculate the power change value Q of the vehicle flow at the communication range boundary, using the formula Q = (ba) ÷ a × g. The current traffic flow threshold within the communication range of the roadside communication unit power is c, the actual traffic flow within the communication range of the current roadside communication unit power is d, and the power increment coefficient within the communication range of the current roadside communication unit power is f. The power change H of the vehicle density within the communication range of the current roadside communication unit power is calculated using the formula H = (dc) ÷ c × f. The road obstacle density within the communication range of the current roadside communication unit is i, and the power increment coefficient within the communication range of the current roadside communication unit is j; The change in road communication obstacle density power within the communication range of the current roadside communication unit is calculated as T, and the calculation formula is T = i × j; In step 3, a preset power fluctuation percentage is set. When the power change exceeds the preset fluctuation percentage, the power is adjusted; otherwise, the original power is maintained.

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