Base station access control technology for inactive direct transmission

Abstract

A base station associated with a wireless communication system is disclosed. The base station includes one or more processors configured to generate a service configuration signal to provide to a user equipment (UE) associated therewith. In some embodiments, the service configuration signal includes an indication of one or more service configurations associated with data transmissions permitted to be transmitted by the UE during an inactive state of the UE. In some embodiments, the one or more processors are further configured to provide the service configuration signal to the UE.

Description

[0001] Related application citations

[0002] This application is a national phase application of international patent application No. PCT / CN2020 / 107395 entitled “Base Station Access Control Technology for Inactive Direct Transmission” filed on August 6, 2020. The contents of this international patent application are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Technical Field

[0003] The present disclosure relates to the field of wireless communication systems and includes systems and methods for access control during inactive direct transmissions. Background Art

[0004] When multiple UEs attempt to access the same cell, in some cases, the signals from different UEs interfere with each other and are not decoded by the cell. Furthermore, in some cases, these multiple UE access attempts create overload on the cell and the network. Overload in a network is a condition where the input load to the network is greater than the network's available resources to handle that load. Overload in a network can lead to congestion, waste of resources, degradation of Quality of Service (QoS), and in the worst case, it will result in service unavailability. Therefore, it is necessary to control (limit) the amount of access attempts by UEs to the network. Access control, or radio access barring control, refers to a traffic congestion control mechanism that guarantees and ensures the success of critical communication calls, such as emergency calls, by limiting connection requests from mobile devices to base stations. Summary of the Invention

[0005] One aspect of the present disclosure relates to a baseband processor (BB) for a base station (BS), configured to perform operations when executing instructions stored in a memory. The operations include: providing a service configuration signal to a radio frequency (RF) interface for transmission to a user equipment (UE), wherein the service configuration signal includes an indication of whether transmission of radio resource control (RRC) / non-access stratum (NAS) signaling by the UE is permitted during an inactive state of the UE; and receiving an uplink (UL) transmission from the UE during the inactive state of the UE, wherein the UL transmission includes the RRC / NAS signaling indicated in the service configuration signal.

[0006] Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a baseband (BB) processor for a base station, configured to perform operations when executing instructions stored in a memory. The operations include: receiving a direct transmission signal from a user equipment (UE) during an inactive state of the UE, wherein the direct transmission signal includes one or more access control parameters, the one or more access control parameters including a resumption cause; and controlling subsequent direct transmissions from the UE during the inactive state of the UE based on the one or more access control parameters.

[0007] Yet another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a baseband (BB) processor for a base station, configured to perform operations when executing instructions stored in a memory. The operations include: receiving one or more direct transmissions associated with direct transmission signals from a user equipment (UE) during an inactive state of the UE; determining, based on network conditions, that subsequent direct transmissions from the UE are not permitted during the inactive state of the UE; and providing a stop indication signal to a radio frequency (RF) interface for transmission to the UE in response to determining that the subsequent direct transmissions from the UE are not permitted during the inactive state of the UE, wherein the stop indication signal instructs the UE to start a stop timer having an associated stop time value, during which any direct transmissions from the UE in the inactive state to the base station are to be stopped. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] Some examples of circuits, devices and / or methods will be described below by way of example only.In this context, reference will be made to the accompanying drawings.

[0009] Figure 1 is a state diagram illustrating three radio resource control (RRC) states in which a UE may operate in accordance with various aspects described herein.

[0010] Figure 2 An exemplary RRC recovery procedure according to one aspect of the present disclosure is shown.

[0011] Figure 3a A 4-step contention-based RACH (CBRA) procedure according to one aspect of the present disclosure is shown.

[0012] Figure 3b A two-step CBRA process 360 is shown according to one aspect of the present disclosure.

[0013] Figure 4a A data transmission process from a UE in an inactive state according to one aspect of the present disclosure is shown.

[0014] Figure 4b A data transmission process from a UE in an inactive state according to another aspect of the present disclosure is shown.

[0015] Figure 5 An RRC recovery procedure that facilitates a UE transition from an inactive state to a connected state according to one aspect of the present disclosure is shown.

[0016] Figure 6 A simplified block diagram of a wireless communication system that facilitates access control according to one aspect of the present disclosure is shown.

[0017] Figures 7a to 7eA simplified block diagram of a wireless communication system that facilitates access control according to another aspect of the present disclosure is shown.

[0018] Figures 8a to 8d Shown is a simplified block diagram of a wireless communication system 800 that facilitates access control according to yet another aspect of the present disclosure.

[0019] Figure 9 A block diagram illustrates an apparatus that may be employed at a base station (BS), eNodeB, gNodeB, or other network device in accordance with various aspects described herein.

[0020] Figure 10 A block diagram illustrates an apparatus that may be employed at a user equipment (UE) or other network device (eg, an IoT device) in accordance with various aspects described herein.

[0021] Figure 11a A flow chart illustrating a method for access control of a user equipment (UE) when the UE is configured to transmit in an inactive state according to one aspect of the present disclosure is shown.

[0022] Figure 11b A flow chart of a method for access control of a base station when an associated UE is configured to transmit in an inactive state according to one aspect of the present disclosure is shown.

[0023] Figure 12a A flow chart illustrating a method for access control of a user equipment (UE) when the UE is configured to transmit in an inactive state according to another aspect of the present disclosure is shown.

[0024] Figure 12b A flow chart illustrating a method for access control of a base station when an associated UE is configured to transmit in an inactive state according to another aspect of the present disclosure is shown.

[0025] Figure 13a-1 and Figure 13a-2 According to yet another aspect of the present disclosure, a flow chart of a method for access control of a user equipment (UE) when the UE is configured to transmit in an inactive state is shown.

[0026] Figure 13b According to yet another aspect of the present disclosure, a flow chart of a method for access control of a base station when an associated UE is configured to transmit in an inactive state is shown.

[0027] Figure 14 An architecture of a system including a core network (CN), such as a fifth generation (5G) CN (5GC), according to various aspects is shown.

[0028] Figure 15Illustrative components of an apparatus according to some aspects are shown.

[0029] Figure 16 An exemplary interface of a baseband circuit according to some aspects is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In one aspect of the present disclosure, a base station is disclosed. In one aspect, the base station may be associated with a New Radio (NR) system. The base station includes one or more processors configured to generate a service configuration signal to provide to a UE associated therewith. In some embodiments, the service configuration signal includes an indication of one or more service configurations associated with data transmissions permitted to be transmitted by the UE during an inactive state of the UE. The one or more processors are further configured to provide the service configuration signal to the UE.

[0031] In one aspect of the present disclosure, a method for a base station is disclosed. In one aspect, the base station may be associated with a new radio (NR) system. The method includes receiving, using one or more processors, a first transmission associated with a direct transmission signal from a user equipment (UE) during an inactive state of the UE. In some embodiments, the first transmission includes a first medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) of the direct transmission signal. In some embodiments, the first MAC PDU includes access control information, the access control information including one or more access control parameters associated with the direct transmission signal. The method also includes processing, using the one or more processors, the first transmission associated with the direct transmission signal. In addition, the method includes controlling, using the one or more processors, subsequent direct transmissions from the UE during the inactive state of the UE based on the access control information within the first transmission, network conditions, or both.

[0032] In one aspect of the present disclosure, an apparatus configured for use in a base station is disclosed. In one aspect, the base station may be associated with a New Radio (NR) system. The apparatus includes one or more processors configured to process one or more direct transmissions associated with a direct transmission signal from a user equipment (UE) during an inactive state of the UE, and determine whether to allow subsequent direct transmissions from the UE in the inactive state based on network conditions. The one or more processors are further configured to provide a stop indication signal to the UE upon determining that subsequent direct transmissions from the UE in the inactive state are not allowed. In some embodiments, the stop indication signal instructs the UE to start a stop timer with an associated stop time value, during which any direct transmissions from the UE in the inactive state to the base station will be stopped.

[0033] The present disclosure will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which similar reference numerals are used throughout to refer to similar elements, and the structures and devices shown therein are not necessarily drawn to scale. As used herein, the terms "component," "system," "interface," "circuit," etc. are intended to refer to computer-related entities, hardware, software (e.g., in execution), and / or firmware. For example, a component can be a processor (e.g., a microprocessor, a controller, or other processing device), a process running on a processor, a controller, an object, an executable file, a program, a storage device, a computer, a tablet computer, and / or a user equipment with a processing device (e.g., a mobile phone, etc.). By way of example, an application and a server running on a server can also be a component. One or more components can reside in a process, and a component can be located on one computer and / or distributed between two or more computers. This article may describe a set of elements or other sets of components, where the term "set" can be interpreted as "one or more."

[0034] Furthermore, the components can execute from various computer-readable storage media having various data structures stored thereon, such as with modules, for example. The components can communicate via local and / or remote processes, such as according to signals having one or more data packets (e.g., data from one component interacts with another component in a local system, a distributed system, and / or across a network, such as the Internet, a local area network, a wide area network, or a similar network with other systems via signals).

[0035] As another example, a component may be a device that has a specific functionality provided by a mechanical component that operates through electrical or electronic circuitry, where the electrical or electronic circuitry may be operated by a software application or firmware application executed by one or more processors. The one or more processors may be internal or external to the device and may execute at least a portion of the software or firmware application. As another example, a component may be a device that provides a specific functionality through an electronic component without the need for a mechanical component; the electronic component may include one or more processors therein to execute at least a portion of the software and / or firmware that provides the functionality of the electronic component.

[0036] The use of the word "exemplary" is intended to present concepts in a concrete manner. As used in this application, the term "or" is intended to mean an inclusive "or" rather than an exclusive "or". That is, unless specified otherwise or clear from the context, "X employs A or B" is intended to mean any of the natural inclusive permutations. That is, if X employs A; X employs B; or X employs both A and B, then "X employs A or B" is satisfied in any of the foregoing cases. In addition, the articles "a" and "an" as used in this application and the appended claims should generally be construed to mean "one or more" unless specified otherwise or clear from the context to be directed to the singular form. Moreover, to the extent that the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "having," "with," or variations thereof are used in the detailed description and claims, such terms are intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term "comprising."

[0037] The following detailed description refers to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals may be used in different figures to identify the same or similar elements. In the following description, specific details, such as specific structures, architectures, interfaces, technologies, etc., are set forth for purposes of illustration and not limitation, in order to provide a thorough understanding of various aspects of the various aspects. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art who benefit from this disclosure that various aspects of the various aspects may be practiced in other examples that depart from these specific details. In some cases, descriptions of well-known devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of various aspects with unnecessary detail.

[0038] It is understood that the use of personally identifiable information should be subject to privacy policies and practices that are generally recognized to meet or exceed industry or government requirements for maintaining user privacy. Specifically, personally identifiable information data should be managed and processed to minimize the risk of unintentional or unauthorized access or use, and the nature of authorized use should be clearly stated to users.

[0039] Figure 1The following is a state diagram illustrating the three radio resource control (RRC) states in which a UE can operate. In the idle state, the UE is disconnected from the core network (CN). While idle, the UE performs cell reselection and can receive paging messages from the CN via the cell in which the UE is camped. To enter the connected state, the UE performs an RRC connection procedure 110, in which the UE connects to the CN and the radio access network (RAN) using a random access channel (RACH) procedure (described in more detail below). In the connected state, the UE connects to the CN and registers with the CN. Control and user plane connections are established between the RAN and the CN for the UE. The RAN knows which cell the UE belongs to, and both the UE and the RAN are aware of all parameters required for unicast communication between the UE and the RAN. The UE context, which includes the UE's access stratum (AS) context (e.g., the UE's cell radio network temporary identifier (C-RNTI) and the cell identity of the primary cell) and the UE's RRC configuration (e.g., radio bearers and security information), is stored in the RAN and the UE.

[0040] The UE can move from the connected state back to the idle state by performing the RRC release procedure 120. When the UE returns to the idle state, the UE context is deleted from the UE and the RAN. When a cell cannot be found for camping as shown in 130 and 160, the UE defaults to the idle state from the connected state or the inactive state.

[0041] The Inactive state was introduced in 5G to provide an intermediate state between the Idle and Connected states. This accelerates the reconnection process by eliminating some of the signaling required to transition from the Idle to Connected state. The Inactive state is beneficial for UEs that infrequently communicate with the RAN and saves power compared to maintaining a Connected state. To enter the Inactive state, the UE performs an RRC Suspension procedure 140, where the UE context is stored by both the UE and the serving gNB, followed by an RRC Release procedure. In the Inactive state, the UE maintains a Non-Access Stratum (NAS) connection to the CN (i.e., it remains in a Connection Management (CM) connected state, as opposed to the Idle state, where the UE is not CM-connected).

[0042] While in the Inactive state, a UE can move within the RAN Notification Area (RNA) without notifying the RAN, perform cell reselection, and receive paging messages from the RAN. However, the UE does not have dedicated AS resources for unicast communication and therefore cannot perform any dedicated data transmission or reception. Since the UE cannot perform dedicated data reception while in the Inactive state, when downlink data is to be transmitted to the UE, the RAN pages the UE to trigger the UE to enter the Connected state. When the UE has uplink data to transmit, it first enters the Connected state before transmitting the uplink data.

[0043] To enter the connected state from the inactive state, the UE performs an RRC resume procedure 150, in which the UE context is retrieved from the UE's last serving cell and restored to the UE and the (new) serving cell. Compared to the transition from the idle state to the connected state, the RRC resume procedure speeds up the transition to the connected state by allowing the previous connection to be resumed without having to perform extensive NAS signaling.

[0044] Figure 2 An exemplary RRC resumption procedure 250 is outlined in FIG. The UE is initially in an inactive state. At 210, the UE transmits an RRC resumption request to the gNB on which it is camped using a RACH procedure. The RRC resumption request includes the UE's Inactive Radio Network Temporary Identifier (I-RNTI), which the network assigns to the UE when it enters the inactive state. The network uses the I-RNTI provided with the resumption request to identify the UE and the last serving cell, allowing the new serving cell to obtain the UE context from the last serving cell.

[0045] When a UE wishes to communicate with the network and does not have allocated UL resources, it uses the RACH procedure to contact the network. The UE therefore transmits a recovery request to the network using the RACH procedure. There are two types of RACH procedures: contention-based RACH (CBRA) and contention-free RACH (CFRA). In CBRA, the UE randomly selects a preamble to identify the UE in its initial message with the network. In CFRA, the network assigns a preamble to the UE when it enters a state where it does not have allocated UL resources. CFRA will be discussed in more detail in the context of an inactive UE performing direct transmissions using CFRA.

[0046] Figure 3a and Figure 3b Two types of contention-based RACH (CBRA) procedures 310 and 360 that may be used to transmit an RRC recovery request are shown in greater detail. Although the RACH procedures are described herein in the context of transmitting a recovery request, the RACH procedures are used by the UE any time the UE desires to achieve uplink synchronization with the gNB, to enter a connected state from an idle or inactive state, or to obtain resources for uplink transmission.

[0047] Figure 3aThe four-step contention-based RACH (CBRA) procedure is shown. At 320, using a predetermined PRACH opportunity, the UE transmits Msg1, which includes a preamble identifying the UE. In CBRA, the preamble is randomly selected by the UE from a set of possible preambles. In another type of RACH procedure, contention-free RACH (CFRA), a preamble and, optionally, PUSCH resources are configured for the UE when it enters an inactive or idle state. Because it is possible for another UE to select the same preamble via the same PRACH resources, CBRA includes a contention resolution step 350, described below. In addition to the preamble, the UE also indicates a response window during which it expects a response from the gNB. If the UE does not receive a response within the window, it will retransmit the preamble and / or take other remedial measures.

[0048] At 330, the gNB transmits Msg2, which contains a RACH response (RAR). The RAR includes downlink control information (DCI) scrambled based on the preamble transmitted by the UE. The DCI includes information that allows the UE to decode the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) that conveys the UE's identifier and the UL resource allocation used by the UE. At 340, the UE transmits Msg3 using the UL resources received in the RAR. In this example, Msg3 includes a recovery request. In other examples, Msg3 may include other data.

[0049] The UE sets a contention timer when sending Msg3 and monitors the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) for Msg4, which is sent by the gNB at 350. Msg4 includes a Level 2 Medium Access Control Physical Data Unit (L2 MAC PDU), which includes a Contention Resolution MAC Control Element (CE) that the UE uses to determine whether the RACH procedure was successful. When the UE does not receive Msg4 before the timer expires, it assumes that the RACH procedure was unsuccessful. At this point, the UE has successfully notified the gNB (e.g., Figure 2 Step 210 is completed).

[0050] Figure 3b A two-step CBRA process 360 is shown. At 370, the UE transmits the Figure 3aThe 4-step RACH procedure in the example embodiment of the present invention includes the following information: MsgA, which includes the information sent in Msg1 and Msg3 of the 4-step RACH procedure. MsgA includes a randomly selected preamble transmitted on PRACH resources and an RRC recovery request transmitted using PUSCH resources. At 380, the gNB transmits MsgB, which may include a fallback RAR, which includes an uplink grant for the UE to retransmit MsgA when the gNB detects MsgA but cannot decode it. If the gNB successfully decodes MsgA, MsgB includes a success RAR, which may include a new UL / DL grant for subsequent data communication (without retransmitting the RRC recovery request). At this point, the UE has successfully notified the gNB (e.g., Figure 2 Step 210 is completed).

[0051] Return to Figure 2 Following the RRC resume procedure outlined in [2], after the gNB receives the resume request, at 220, the gNB requests the UE context information stored by the last serving gNB as part of the RRC suspension procedure. At 230, the last serving gNB provides the UE context information to the new serving gNB. At 240, the gNB transmits an RRC resume message to the UE, indicating that the UE may enter the connected state. At 260, the UE indicates to the gNB that it has successfully entered the connected state. At 270, the gNB transmits a path switch request to update the UE's radio bearers to the Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), which serves as the gNB's interface with the CN. At 280, the AMF responds to the gNB, confirming the completion of the path switch. At 290, the gNB notifies the last serving gNB that it may delete the UE context. After these communications, the UE may transmit and receive data to and from the gNB.

[0052] See also Figure 4a , it can be seen that the recovery process introduces a significant delay between the time the UE has data to transmit and the time the UE is able to transmit the data. Therefore, in some aspects, the UE is configured to operate in an inactive state rather than transitioning to a connected state (e.g. Figure 4b In some aspects, a RACH process is used to enable direct data transmission in an inactive state. Specifically, using Msg3 (e.g., Figure 3a 340) or MsgA (e.g., Figure 3b Alternatively, in other aspects, direct data transmission in the inactive state is based on pre-configured PUSCH resources (e.g., by reusing the configured grant type 1).

[0053] When a UE in an inactive state attempts to transition to Figure 5 When the connection state is shown, various access control schemes are used during the recovery process. Specifically, Figure 5 The RRC recovery process 500 (including various access control schemes) that facilitates the transition of a UE from an inactive state to a connected state is shown. The recovery process 500 is similar to Figure 2 250 . In the first option, when an inactive UE has data to transmit, the UE is configured to perform a unified access control (UAC) scheme 510 to control access attempts to the base station. In UAC, each access attempt from the UE is classified into one or more access identities and an access category. Based on the access control information corresponding to the access identity and access category applicable to the access attempt, the UE performs a test to determine whether an actual access attempt can be made. The wireless communication network should broadcast barring control information (i.e., a list of barring parameters associated with the access identity and access category) in one or more areas of the RAN. The UE should be able to determine whether a specific new access attempt is allowed based on the barring parameters received by the UE from the broadcast barring control information and the configuration in the UE.

[0054] Additionally or alternatively, when there is a RACH overload, a RACH fallback mechanism is employed for access control, wherein a fallback indicator (BI) is provided as part of the RAR 530. In some aspects, the BI includes a parameter indicating a time delay between a PRACH and the next PRACH. The BI is included in a BI medium access control (MAC) control element (CE). Thus, during a RACH overload / failure, the UE may resend the preamble 520 based on the BI. Additionally or alternatively, when there is a RAN overload, the base station is configured to provide an RRC reject message 550 (instead of a RACH reject message) indicating that the current access attempt is rejected. Figure 2 The RRC Resume 240 in the RRC Resume Request 540 is also included. The RRC Reject message 550 also includes a Reject Wait Time indicating a wait time for the next access attempt (i.e., when the preamble 520 can be next transmitted). Additionally or alternatively, when there is a core network (CN) overload, the base station is configured to send an RRC Release message 570 to release the RRC connection, thereby transitioning the UE from the Connected state back to the Inactive state. The RRC Release message 570 also includes a Reject Wait Time indicating a wait time for the next access attempt (i.e., when the preamble 520 can be next transmitted). Furthermore, in some aspects, the UE sets different recovery cause values ​​in the RRC Resume Request 540, and the base station may rely on the recovery cause values ​​to perform access control. Specifically, the base station may rely on the recovery cause values ​​to decide whether to accept or reject the UE's access attempt. Some exemplary recovery cause values ​​include Emergency, High Priority Access, MT Access, MO Signaling, MO Data, MO Voice Call, MO Video Call, MO SMS, RNA Update, and MPS Priority Access.

[0055] The above access control procedures only apply to the aspect where the UE moves from the inactive state to the connected state for data transmission (e.g. Figure 4a However, in terms of the UE performing direct transmission in an inactive state (such as Figure 4b As shown in FIG), no recovery process is involved, so the access control process described above is not applicable. Therefore, it is necessary to define an access control process when the UE performs direct transmission in the inactive state. This article discloses that when the UE is in the inactive state instead of transitioning to the connected state (such as Figure 4b Systems, circuits, and techniques for enabling access control when performing direct data transmission to a base station (as shown).

[0056] Figure 6 A simplified block diagram of a wireless communication system 600 facilitating access control according to one aspect of the present disclosure is shown. The wireless communication system 600 includes a user equipment (UE) 602 and a base station 604. However, in other aspects, the wireless communication system 600 may include multiple UEs, which are not shown here for clarity. In some aspects, the base station 604 is equivalent to an eNodeB in an LTE system, a gNodeB in a 5G New Radio (NR) system, or a network device associated with any other generation of cellular technology. In some aspects, the UE 602 may include a mobile phone, a tablet, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) UE, etc. The UE 602 and the base station 604 are configured to communicate with each other via a communication medium (e.g., air). In some aspects, the UE 602 is configured to perform direct data transmission with the base station 604 during an inactive state of the UE 602, as described above. In some aspects, a RACH procedure is used to initiate direct data transmission from the UE 602 in the inactive state. Specifically, uplink (UL) data from the inactive UE 602 is transmitted using Msg3 or MsgA associated with the RACH procedure, as described above. Alternatively, in other aspects, direct data transmission from the inactive UE 602 is based on pre-configured PUSCH resources (e.g., by reusing the configured grant type 1).

[0057] To facilitate access control during direct data transmissions in an inactive state of the UE 602, in some aspects, the base station 604 is configured to configure one or more service configurations associated with data transmissions permitted to be transmitted by the UE 602 during the inactive state of the UE 602. In other words, the base station 604 configures one or more types of services (i.e., one or more service configurations) associated with data transmissions permitted to be transmitted by the UE 602 in the inactive state to the base station 604. Specifically, the base station 604 is configured to generate a service configuration signal 606 that includes the one or more service configurations associated with data transmissions permitted to be transmitted by the UE 602 to the base station 604 during the inactive state of the UE 602. In some aspects, the one or more service configurations within the service configuration signal 606 include one or more of the following: an indication of dedicated radio bearers (DRBs) for which transmissions in the inactive state are permitted, an indication of whether radio resource control (RRC) / non-access stratum (NAS) transmissions in the inactive state are permitted, an indication of whether paging-triggered direct transmissions in the inactive state are permitted, an indication of which access categories and access identities are permitted for transmissions in the inactive state, and an indication of a resumption cause for which transmissions in the inactive state are permitted. However, in other aspects, other types of service configurations may be included as part of the service configuration signal 606.

[0058] After generating the service configuration signal 606, the base station 604 is further configured to provide the service configuration signal 606 to the UE 602. In some aspects, the base station 604 is configured to provide the service configuration signal 606 to the UE 602 via dedicated signaling. Alternatively, in other aspects, the base station 604 is configured to provide the service configuration signal 606 to the UE 602 via broadcast signaling in the camped cell. Upon receiving the service configuration signal 606, the UE 602 is configured to process the service configuration signal 606 and determine one or more service configurations included in the service configuration signal 606.

[0059] When UE 602 receives uplink (UL) data to be provided to base station 604 during an inactive state of UE 602, UE 602 is configured to process the UL data and determine one or more service configurations associated with direct transmission of the UL data to base station 604. For example, UE 602 may determine a DRB to be used for direct transmission, a resumption cause associated with the direct transmission, etc. After determining the one or more service configurations associated with direct transmission of the UL data, UE 602 is configured to selectively perform a direct transmission 608 of the UL data to base station 604 during the inactive state of UE 602 based on the determination. Specifically, when the one or more service configurations associated with direct transmission 608 of the UL data include a service configuration configured as part of a service configuration signal 606 received from base station 604, UE 602 is configured to perform the direct transmission 608 of the UL data to base station 604 during the inactive state of UE 602. In other words, if one or more service configurations (e.g., resumption cause, access identifier, etc.) associated with the direct transmission 608 of UL data correspond to / match the resumption cause, access identifier, etc. indicated as part of the service configuration signal 606, the UE 602 performs the direct transmission 608 to the base station 604 during the inactive state. Subsequently, the base station 604 is configured to receive and process the direct transmission 608 including the UL data.

[0060] Alternatively, when one or more service configurations associated with direct transmission of UL data are not configured within the service configuration signal 606 received from the base station, the UE 602 is not configured to perform a direct transmission 608 including UL data to the base station 604 during the inactive state of the UE 602. Instead, in such aspects, the UE 602 is configured to transition from the inactive state to the connected state in order to perform transmission of UL data to the base station 604. In some aspects, the UE 602 is configured to utilize a conventional recovery process 610 (e.g., as described above). Figure 2 For example, the UE 602 is configured to provide a radio resource control (RRC) resumption request signal (e.g., Figure 2 ) in order to transition the UE 602 from the inactive state to the connected state.

[0061] Figure 7aA simplified block diagram of a wireless communication system 700 facilitating access control according to one aspect of the present disclosure is shown. The wireless communication system 700 includes a user equipment (UE) 702 and a base station 704. However, in other aspects, the wireless communication system 700 may include multiple UEs, which are not shown here for clarity. In some aspects, the base station 704 is equivalent to a base station, such as an eNodeB in an LTE system, a gNodeB in a 5G New Radio (NR) system, or a network device associated with any other generation of cellular technology. In some aspects, the UE 702 may include a mobile phone, a tablet, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) UE, etc. The UE 702 and the base station 704 are configured to communicate with each other via a communication medium (e.g., air). In some aspects, the UE 702 is configured to perform direct data transmission with the base station 704 during an inactive state of the UE 702, as described above. In some aspects, a RACH procedure is used to initiate direct data transmission from the UE 702 in the inactive state. Specifically, uplink (UL) data from the inactive UE 702 is transmitted using Msg3 or MsgA associated with the RACH procedure. Alternatively, in other aspects, direct data transmission from the inactive UE 702 is based on pre-configured PUSCH resources (e.g., by reusing the configured grant type 1).

[0062] When the UE 702 receives uplink (UL) data to be provided to the base station 704 during an inactive state of the UE 702, the UE 702 is configured to process the UL data and generate a direct transmission signal including the UL data to be provided to the base station 704. In some aspects, the direct transmission signal including the UL data includes one or more direct transmissions, each direct transmission including a transport block (TB) associated with the direct transmission signal. In some aspects, the transport block corresponds to a medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU). In some aspects, each of the one or more direct transmissions will be provided to the base station 704 in sequence at different times. For example, the first transmission of the one or more direct transmissions is transmitted first, followed by the next direct transmission, and so on. In some aspects, the first transmission includes the first TB or the first MAC PDU associated with the direct transmission signal. In some aspects, the direct transmission signal is generated based on processing a service configuration signal (e.g., the service configuration signal 606), which includes an indication of one or more service configurations associated with data transmissions allowed to be transmitted by the UE during the inactive state of the UE, as described above. Figure 6 However, in other aspects, the direct transmission signal is not generated based on processing the service configuration signal.

[0063] To facilitate access control during transmission of a direct transmission signal while the UE 702 is in an inactive state, in some aspects, the UE 702 is configured to include access control information within a first transmission associated with the direct transmission signal, the access control information including one or more access control parameters associated with the direct transmission signal. In other words, the UE 702 is configured to include the access control information as part of a first MAC PDU associated with the direct transmission signal. In some aspects, the access control information is included within an Access Control (AC) MAC Control Element (CE) within the first MAC PDU. In some aspects, the access control information includes at least one of a resumption cause and a priority. In some aspects, the base station 704 preconfigures a mapping between priorities and dedicated radio bearers (DRBs) / logical channel groups (LCHs). In some aspects, the first MAC PDU may include the access control information and UL data. Alternatively, in other aspects, the first MAC PDU may not include UL data. In such aspects, the UL data is included as part of a subsequent direct transmission associated with the direct transmission signal.

[0064] When generating a direct transmission signal, UE 702 is configured to provide a first transmission 706 (including access control information in an AC MAC CE) associated with the direct transmission signal to base station 704. Base station 704 is configured to receive and process first transmission 706 from UE 702. While processing first transmission 706, base station 704 is configured to control subsequent direct transmissions from inactive UE 702 based on the access control information within first transmission 706, network conditions, or both. In other words, in the event of network congestion, base station 704 is configured to allow or deny subsequent direct transmissions from inactive UE 702 based on the access control information included in first transmission 706. For example, during a period of network congestion, when access information indicates low-priority data, base station 704 may deny subsequent direct transmissions from inactive UE 702. In such aspects, UE 702 may be configured to monitor one or more signals from base station 704 while providing first transmission 706 to determine whether base station 704 is denying UE access at this time.

[0065] The base station 704 can be configured to differently reject subsequent direct transmissions from the UE 702 in the inactive state in different aspects. For example, in a first aspect, the base station 704 is configured to, in response to processing the first transmission 706, not provide an AC feedback signal 722 to the UE 702 during a predefined access control (AC) feedback time window 726, so as to reject subsequent data transmissions from the UE 702 in the inactive state, as shown. Figure 7bWhen the UE 702 does not receive an AC feedback signal 722 within the predefined AC feedback window after the first transmission 706, the UE 702 is configured to initiate a conventional recovery process 724 (eg, Figure 2 In this aspect, the UE 702 is configured to perform further data transmission to the base station 704 in the connected state.

[0066] In a second aspect, the base station 704 is configured to selectively provide a delay indication signal 742 including a delay timer value T to the UE 702 based on the access control information within the first transmission 706 or the network conditions or both, so as to deny subsequent data transmissions from the UE 702 in the inactive state, e.g. Figure 7c In some aspects, the delay indication signal 742 indicates to the UE 702 that subsequent direct transmissions to the base station 704 in the inactive state of the UE 702 are to be delayed by the delay timer value T. When the UE 702 receives the delay indication signal 742, the UE 702 is configured to start a delay timer 746 with the delay time value T based on processing the delay indication signal 742, and to stop any subsequent direct transmissions (e.g., direct transmission 744) to the base station 704 in the inactive state of the UE 702 until the delay timer expires.

[0067] In a third aspect, the base station 704 is configured to selectively provide a back-off indication signal 762 to the UE 702 based on the access control information within the first transmission 706 or the network conditions or both, so as to deny subsequent data transmissions from the UE 702 in the inactive state, e.g. Figure 7d In some aspects, the fallback indication signal 762 indicates to the UE 702 to fall back to the traditional recovery process 764 (e.g., Figure 2 762) to transition UE 702 from the inactive state to the connected state. When UE 702 receives fallback indication signal 762, UE 702 is configured to process fallback indication signal 762 and initiate a legacy recovery procedure 764 to transition to the connected state. In this aspect, UE 702 is configured to perform further data transmissions to base station 704 while in the connected state.

[0068] In a fourth aspect, the base station 704 is configured to selectively provide a radio resource control (RRC) resume / setup signal 782 to the UE 702 based on the access control information within the first transmission 706 or the network conditions, or both, to reject subsequent data transmissions from the UE 702 that is in an inactive state, e.g. Figure 7eAs shown. In some aspects, the RRC resume / setup signal 782 instructs the UE 702 to transition from the inactive state to the connected state. When the UE 702 receives the RRC resume / setup signal 782, the UE 702 is configured to process the RRC resume / setup signal 782 and transition to the connected state. Upon transitioning to the connected state, the UE 702 is further configured to provide an RRC resume / setup complete signal 784 to the base station 704. In some aspects, the RRC resume / setup complete signal 784 instructs the base station 704 that the UE 702 has transitioned to the connected state. In such aspects, the UE 702 is configured to perform further data transmissions to the base station 704 in the connected state.

[0069] Figure 8a A simplified block diagram of a wireless communication system 800 that facilitates access control according to one aspect of the present disclosure is shown. Specifically, the wireless communication system 800 facilitates access control by providing a fallback mechanism during a first transmission associated with a direct transmission signal in the UE's inactive state. The wireless communication system 800 includes a user equipment (UE) 802 and a base station 804. However, in other aspects, the wireless communication system 800 may include multiple UEs, which are not shown here for clarity. In some aspects, the base station 804 is equivalent to an eNodeB in an LTE system, a gNodeB in a 5G New Radio (NR) system, or a network device associated with any other generation of cellular technology. In some aspects, the UE 802 may include a mobile phone, a tablet, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) UE, etc. The UE 802 and the base station 804 are configured to communicate with each other via a communication medium (e.g., air). In some aspects, the UE 802 is configured to perform direct data transmissions with the base station 804 during the UE's inactive state, as described above. In some aspects, a RACH procedure is used to enable direct data transmission from an inactive UE 802. Specifically, uplink (UL) data from an inactive UE 802 is transmitted using Msg3 or MsgA associated with the RACH procedure, as described above. Alternatively, in other aspects, direct data transmission from an inactive UE 802 is based on pre-configured PUSCH resources (e.g., by reusing a configured grant type 1).

[0070] When UE 802 receives uplink (UL) data to be provided to base station 804 during an inactive state of UE 802, UE 802 is configured to process the UL data and generate a direct transmission signal including the UL data to be provided to base station 804 during the inactive state of UE 802. In some aspects, the direct transmission signal including the UL data includes one or more direct transmissions, each direct transmission including a transport block (TB) associated with the direct transmission signal. In some aspects, the transport block corresponds to a medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU). In some aspects, each of the one or more direct transmissions is provided to base station 804 in sequence at different times. For example, the first transmission of the one or more direct transmissions is transmitted first, followed by the next direct transmission, and so on. In some aspects, the first transmission includes the first TB or the first MAC PDU associated with the direct transmission signal. In some aspects, the direct transmission signal is generated based on processing a service configuration signal (e.g., service configuration signal 606), which includes an indication of one or more service configurations associated with data transmissions allowed to be transmitted by the UE during the inactive state of the UE, as described above. Figure 6 However, in other aspects, the direct transmission signal is not generated based on processing the service configuration signal. In addition, in some aspects, the first transmission may include access control information, the access control information including one or more access control parameters associated with the direct transmission signal, the access control information included as part of the first MAC PDU (e.g., included in the AC MAC CE), as described above in conjunction with Figure 7a As stated.

[0071] When generating a direct transmission signal, UE 802 is configured to provide a first transmission 806 (i.e., a first TB or a first MAC PDU) associated with the direct transmission signal to base station 804. While providing first transmission 806 to base station 804, UE 802 is configured to monitor one or more indicator signals 808 from base station 804 to determine whether first transmission 806 was successful. A successful transmission includes a transmission received and processed (decoded) at the base station. In one aspect, when first transmission 806 is transmitted via a random access channel (RACH) procedure, in some aspects, UE 802 is configured to monitor a random access response (RAR) message associated with the RACH procedure (including indicator signal 808) to determine whether first transmission 806 was successful. In some aspects, the value B of a backoff indicator (BI) provided as part of the RAR indicates whether first transmission 806 was successful. For example, when the value of B is set to 0, the UE identifies first transmission 806 as successful. Otherwise, the UE identifies first transmission 806 as unsuccessful. In such aspects, the base station 804 is configured to provide a RAR message (i.e., an indicator signal 808) including the BI to the UE 802. Alternatively, in other aspects, the base station 804 can be configured to provide other explicit signaling (or other indicator signal 808) to the UE 802 to indicate that the first transmission 806 (via the RACH) was unsuccessful.

[0072] In another aspect, when the preconfigured grant is used to transmit the first transmission 806, the UE 802 is configured to monitor for an ACK feedback signal (including the indicator signal 808) from the base station 804 during a predefined feedback window following the first transmission 806. In some aspects, the first transmission 806 is determined to be unsuccessful when an ACK feedback signal is not received from the base station 804 during the predefined feedback window following the first transmission 806. Alternatively, in other aspects, the base station 804 may be configured to provide other explicit signaling to the UE 802 to indicate that the first transmission 806 (via the preconfigured grant) was unsuccessful.

[0073] Upon determining that the first transmission 806 was unsuccessful, to facilitate access control, the UE 802 is configured to start a backoff timer 812 having a backoff time value associated therewith. The UE 802 is further configured to delay any retransmissions of the first transmission 806 (e.g., retransmissions 810) in the inactive state of the UE 802 until the backoff timer 812 expires. In some embodiments, the backoff timer expires when a time equal to the backoff time value has elapsed. Upon expiration of the backoff timer 812, in some aspects, if uplink data associated with the direct transmission signal is still available, the UE 802 is configured to perform a retransmission 810 of the first transmission 806 in the inactive state of the UE 802. In some aspects, the UE 802 is configured to perform one or more retransmissions 810 of the first transmission 806 in the inactive state of the UE 802 until the UE 802 receives an indication that the previous retransmission was successful or until a maximum number of retransmissions is reached. In some aspects, the UE 802 is configured to identify the first transmission 806 as a failure when a maximum number of retransmissions is reached and the corresponding retransmissions are unsuccessful.

[0074] The UE 802 can be configured to determine the backoff timer value associated with the backoff timer 812 differently in different aspects. For example, when transmitting the first transmission 806 via the RACH, the UE 802 is configured to determine the backoff time value based on a backoff indicator (BI) retrieved within a RAR associated with the RACH (as described above) and pre-configured dedicated backoff parameters. In some aspects, a dedicated backoff parameter is configured for each dedicated radio bearer (DRB), each resumption cause, each priority level, and each access identity associated with the data transmission. Thus, in such aspects, the UE 802 is configured to apply the dedicated backoff parameter to the retrieved BI to determine the backoff time value.

[0075] Furthermore, when transmitting the first transmission 806 using a preconfigured grant, the UE 802 is configured to determine a backoff timer value (as described above) based on a backoff value obtained from a common channel (e.g., a common control channel (CCCH)) during a predefined feedback window when the UE 802 monitors for ACK feedback signals. In some aspects, the CCCH comprises a predefined logical channel. In some aspects, the base station 804 is configured to provide the backoff timer value to the UE 802 via the CCCH. In some aspects, the UE 802 is configured to directly apply the obtained backoff value as the backoff timer value. Alternatively, in other aspects, the UE 802 is configured to apply a random value between 0 and the obtained backoff value as the backoff timer value. Furthermore, in some aspects, the UE 802 is configured to determine the backoff timer value based on the obtained backoff value (from the CCCH) and a dedicated backoff factor configured for each access category, resumption cause, access identity, priority level, and dedicated radio bearer (DRB). In some aspects, the base station 804 is configured to configure the dedicated backoff factor. Furthermore, in some aspects, the UE 802 is configured to determine a backoff timer value based on predefined backoff values ​​configured for each access category, resumption cause, access identity, priority, and dedicated radio bearer (DRB).In some aspects, the base station 804 is configured to configure the backoff value.

[0076] When the UE 802 determines that the first transmission 806 has failed (as described above), in one aspect, the UE 802 is configured to perform or fall back to a conventional recovery process 822 (e.g., Figure 2 RRC recovery process 250 in the process) to transition UE 802 from the inactive state to the connected state, such as Figure 8b As shown, in order to facilitate access control. In such aspects, the UE 802 is configured to perform subsequent data transmissions between the UE 802 and the base station 804 in the connected state. On the other hand, when the first transmission 806 is identified as failed, the UE 802 is configured to start a second backoff timer 846 with a predefined second backoff timer value and perform a next retransmission 842 of the first transmission 806 when the second backoff timer expires, as shown. Figure 8c , to facilitate access control. In some aspects, the predefined second back-off timer value may be configured by the base station 804. In some aspects, the UE 802 is configured to perform one or more retransmissions 842 of the first transmission 806 in an inactive state of the UE 802 until the UE 802 receives an indication that a previous retransmission was successful or until a maximum number of retransmissions is reached. In some aspects, the UE 802 is configured to trigger a conventional recovery procedure 844 (e.g., Figure 2Alternatively, in another aspect, the UE 802 is configured to move to an idle state (not shown in the figure) when the maximum number of retransmissions is reached and the corresponding retransmissions are unsuccessful.

[0077] Figure 8d Another aspect of facilitating access control is shown, wherein upon receiving one or more successful direct transmissions from an inactive UE 802 at a base station 804, the base station 804 may be configured to determine whether to allow subsequent direct transmissions from the inactive UE 802 based on network conditions. For example, Figure 8d As shown, UE 802 is configured to provide one or more direct transmissions 862 and 864 to base station 804 during an inactive state of UE 802. In some aspects, the one or more direct transmissions 862 and 864 may include a first transmission associated with a direct transmission signal (i.e., a first MAC PDU). Upon receiving the one or more direct transmissions 862 and 864, base station 804 is configured to process the one or more direct transmissions 862 and 864 and, based on network conditions, determine whether to allow subsequent direct transmissions from the UE in the inactive state. Assume that direct transmissions 862 and 864 include successful transmissions. In some aspects, base station 804 is configured to provide a stop indication signal 866 to UE 802 upon determining that subsequent direct transmissions from UE 802 in the inactive state are not allowed.

[0078] In some aspects, stop indication signal 866 instructs UE 802 to start a stop timer with an associated stop time value, during which any direct transmissions from UE 802 in the inactive state to base station 804 will be stopped. In some aspects, the stop timer value may be included as part of stop indication signal 866. Alternatively, in other aspects, the stop timer value may be preconfigured via radio resource control (RRC) signaling. Upon receiving stop indication signal 866, UE 802 is configured to process stop indication signal 866 and start a stop timer based on the stop time value. Furthermore, UE 802 is configured to stop any direct transmissions from UE 802 in the inactive state until the stop timer expires. Upon expiration of the stop timer, UE 802 may be configured to provide further direct transmissions (e.g., direct transmission 868) to base station 804 while in the inactive state of UE 802, based on data availability at UE 802.

[0079] See also Figure 9, shows a block diagram of an apparatus 900 that can be employed at a base station (BS), eNodeB, gNodeB, or other network device in accordance with various aspects described herein. In some aspects, the apparatus 900 can be included within the base station 604, base station 704, and base station 804 described in the above aspects. However, in other aspects, the apparatus 900 can be included within any base station associated with a wireless communication system. The apparatus 900 can include: one or more processors 910 (e.g., one or more baseband processors, such as in conjunction with Figure 15 and / or Figure 16 One or more baseband processors discussed), including processing circuitry and associated interfaces (e.g., in conjunction with Figure 16 10); transceiver circuitry 920 (e.g., which may include circuitry for one or more wired connections and / or part or all of RF circuitry 1506, which may include one or more of transmitter circuitry (e.g., associated with one or more transmit chains) or receiver circuitry (e.g., associated with one or more receive chains), where the transmitter circuitry and the receiver circuitry may employ common circuit elements, different circuit elements, or a combination thereof); and memory 930 (which may include any of a variety of storage media and may store instructions and / or data associated with one or more of processor 910 or transceiver circuitry 920).

[0080] Specifically, the term "memory" is intended to include installation media, such as CD-ROMs, floppy disks, or tape devices; computer system memory or random access memory, such as DRAM, DDR RAM, SRAM, EDO RAM, Rambus RAM, etc.; non-volatile memory, such as flash memory, magnetic media, such as hard drives or optical storage devices; registers, or other similar types of memory elements; and the like. The memory medium may also include other types of memory or a combination thereof. In various aspects, apparatus 900 may be included within an Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) Node B (evolved Node B, eNodeB, or eNB), a next-generation Node B (gNodeB or gNB), or other base station or TRP (transmit / receive point) in a wireless communication network. In some aspects, processor 910, transceiver circuitry 920, and memory 930 may be included in a single device, while in other aspects, they may be included in separate devices, such as part of a distributed architecture. In some aspects, processor 910, transceiver circuitry 920, and memory 930 may be included in an integrated circuit (IC) or chip.

[0081] See also Figure 10, shows a block diagram of an apparatus 1000 that can be employed at a user equipment (UE) or other network device (e.g., an IoT device) in accordance with various aspects described herein. In some aspects, the apparatus 1000 can be included in the UE 602, UE 702, and UE 802 described above. However, in other aspects, the apparatus 1000 can be included in any UE associated with a wireless communication system. The apparatus 1000 can include: one or more processors 1010 (e.g., one or more baseband processors, such as in conjunction with Figure 15 and / or Figure 16 One or more baseband processors discussed), including processing circuitry and associated interfaces (e.g., in conjunction with Figure 16 The processor 1010 and the transceiver circuit 1020 may include one or more interfaces discussed above; transceiver circuitry 1020 (e.g., including part or all of RF circuitry 1506, which may include transmitter circuitry (e.g., associated with one or more transmit chains) and / or receiver circuitry (e.g., associated with one or more receive chains), which may employ common circuit elements, different circuit elements, or a combination thereof); and memory 1030 (which may include any of a variety of storage media and may store instructions and / or data associated with one or more of the processor 1010 or the transceiver circuit 1020). Specifically, the term "memory" is intended to include installation media, such as CD-ROMs, floppy disks, or tape devices; computer system memory or random access memory, such as DRAM, DDR RAM, SRAM, EDO RAM, Rambus RAM, etc.; non-volatile memory, such as flash memory, magnetic media, such as hard drives or optical storage devices; registers, or other similar types of memory elements. The memory medium may also include other types of memory or a combination thereof. In various aspects, the apparatus 1000 may be included in a user equipment (UE). In some aspects, the processor 1010 , transceiver circuit 1020 , and memory 1030 may be included in an integrated circuit (IC) or chip.

[0082] In various aspects discussed herein, signals and / or messages may be generated and output for transmission, and / or transmitted messages may be received and processed. Depending on the type of signal or message generated, outputting for transmission (e.g., by processor 1010) may include one or more of: generating a set of associated bits indicating the content of the signal or message, encoding (e.g., which may include adding a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) and / or encoding with a turbo code, a low-density parity-check (LDPC) code, a tail-biting convolutional code (TBCC), etc.), scrambling (e.g., based on a scrambling seed), modulation (e.g., via one of binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), or some form of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), etc.), and / or resource mapping (e.g., mapping to a set of scheduled resources, mapping to a set of time and frequency resources authorized for uplink transmission, etc.). Depending on the type of received signal or message, processing (e.g., by processor 1010) may include one or more of the following operations: identifying physical resources associated with the signal / message, detecting the signal / message, resource element group deinterleaving, demodulating, descrambling, and / or decoding.

[0083] Figure 11a 1 shows a flow chart of a method 1100 for access control of a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system when the UE is configured to transmit in an inactive state according to one aspect of the present disclosure. Figure 10 In some aspects, the apparatus 1000 may include: Figure 6 Therefore, further reference is made to Figure 6 The method 1100 is explained with reference to the NR system 600 in FIG. At 1102, one or more processors 1010 are used to process a signal from a base station (e.g., Figure 6 The base station 604 receives a service configuration signal (eg, Figure 6 In some aspects, the service configuration signal includes an indication of one or more service configurations associated with data transmissions permitted to be transmitted by the UE during the UE's inactive state. At 1104, based on processing the service configuration signal, one or more processors 1010 are employed to determine one or more service configurations associated with data transmissions permitted to be transmitted by the UE during the UE's inactive state.

[0084] At 1106, uplink (UL) data to be transmitted to the base station during the inactive state of the UE is processed using one or more processors 1010. At 1108, one or more service configurations associated with direct transmission of the UL data are determined using one or more processors 1010. At 1110, direct transmission of the UL data to the base station (e.g., Figure 6 In some aspects, direct transmission of UL data to the base station is performed when the one or more service configurations associated with the direct transmission of UL data include a service configuration configured as part of a service configuration signal received from the base station.

[0085] Figure 11b 1 shows a flow chart of a method 1150 for access control of a base station in a wireless communication system when an associated UE is configured to transmit in an inactive state according to one aspect of the present disclosure. Figure 9 In some aspects, the apparatus 900 may include: Figure 6 Therefore, further reference is made to the base station 604. Figure 6 The method 1150 is explained with reference to the NR system 600 in FIG. At 1152, one or more processors 910 are used to generate a signal to be provided to a UE associated therewith (e.g., Figure 6 UE 602) of the service configuration signal (eg, Figure 6 In some aspects, the service configuration signal includes an indication of one or more service configurations associated with data transmissions permitted to be transmitted by the UE during the UE's inactive state.

[0086] At 1154, the service configuration signal is provided from the one or more processors 910 to the UE via the transceiver circuit 920. At 1156, the one or more processors 910 are used to process the direct transmission of UL data received from the UE during the UE's inactive state (e.g., Figure 6 In some aspects, the one or more service configurations associated with the direct transmission include a service configuration configured as part of a service configuration signal.

[0087] Figure 12a 1 is a flow chart illustrating a method 1200 for access control of a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system when the UE is configured to transmit in an inactive state according to one aspect of the present disclosure. Figure 10 In some aspects, the apparatus 1000 may include: Figure 7a 、 Figure 7b 、 Figure 7c 、 Figure 7d and Figure 7e Therefore, further reference is made to Figure 7a 、 Figure 7b 、 Figure 7c 、 Figure 7d and Figure 7e Method 1200 is explained with reference to NR system 700 in FIG. At 1202, one or more processors 1010 are used to generate a signal to be provided to a base station (e.g., Figure 7a In some aspects, the direct transmission signal includes a first transmission (eg, Figure 7a 706 ), the first transmission comprising a first medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) of a direct transmission signal. In some aspects, the first MAC PDU comprises access control information comprising one or more access control parameters associated with the direct transmission signal to facilitate access control at the base station.

[0088] At 1204, during an inactive state of the UE, a first transmission associated with a direct transmission signal is provided from the one or more processors 1010 to a base station. At 1206, while providing the first transmission, one or more processors 1010 are used to monitor one or more signals (e.g., Figure 7b AC feedback signal 722 in Figure 7c The delay indication signal 742 in Figure 7d Back-off indication signal 762 or Figure 7e At 1208, based on the determination, one or more processors 1010 are used to stop any subsequent direct transmission from the UE to the base station when the UE is in an inactive state.

[0089] Figure 12b 1250 is a flow chart illustrating a method 1250 for access control of a base station in a wireless communication system when an associated UE is configured to transmit in an inactive state according to one aspect of the present disclosure. Figure 9 In some aspects, the apparatus 900 may include: Figure 7a 、 Figure 7b 、 Figure 7c 、 Figure 7d and Figure 7e Therefore, further reference is made to the base station 704. Figure 7a 、 Figure 7b 、 Figure 7c 、 Figure 7d and Figure 7eThe method 1250 is explained with reference to the NR system 700 in FIG. At 1252, during an inactive state of the UE, one or more processors 910 are used to receive data from the UE (e.g., Figure 7a The UE 702 in the embodiment receives a first transmission associated with a direct transmission signal (eg, Figure 7a In some aspects, the first transmission comprises a first medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) of a direct transmission signal. In some aspects, the first MAC PDU comprises access control information comprising one or more access control parameters associated with the direct transmission signal. At 1254, the one or more processors 910 are used to process the first transmission associated with the direct transmission signal. At 1256, the one or more processors 910 are used to control subsequent direct transmissions from the UE while in an inactive state of the UE based on the access control information within the first transmission, network conditions, or both.

[0090] Figure 13a-1 and Figure 13a-2 13. A flow chart illustrating a method 1300 for access control of a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system when the UE is configured to transmit in an inactive state according to one aspect of the present disclosure. Figure 10 In some aspects, the apparatus 1000 may include: Figure 8a 、 Figure 8b 、 Figure 8c and Figure 8d Therefore, further reference is made to Figure 8a 、 Figure 8b 、 Figure 8c and Figure 8d The method 1300 is explained with reference to the NR system 800 in FIG. At 1302, during an inactive state of the UE, one or more processors 1010 transmit a first transmission associated with a direct transmission signal (e.g., Figure 8a The first transmission 806) is provided to a base station (eg, Figure 8a At 1304, in response to providing the first transmission, one or more processors 1010 are employed to monitor one or more indicator signals (e.g., Figure 8a ) to determine whether the first transmission was successful.

[0091] At 1306, when it is determined that the first transmission is unsuccessful, starting a backoff timer having a backoff time value associated therewith, using the one or more processors 1010. At 1308, delaying any retransmission of the first transmission in the inactive state of the UE, using the one or more processors 1010, until the backoff timer expires. At 1310, after the backoff timer expires, performing one or more retransmissions of the first transmission in the inactive state of the UE, using the one or more processors 1010, until the UE receives an indication that a previous retransmission was successful or until a maximum number of retransmissions is reached. At 1312, when the maximum number of retransmissions is reached and the corresponding retransmission is unsuccessful, identifying the first transmission as a failure, using the one or more processors 1010. At 1314, when the first transmission is identified as a failure, the UE transitions, using the one or more processors 1010, from the inactive state to the connected state. Figure 8b Alternatively, at 1316, one or more processors 1010 are used to start a second backoff timer having a predefined second backoff timer value (e.g., Figure 8c 846 in the second backoff timer), and when the first transmission is identified as failed, performing a next retransmission of the first transmission using one or more processors 1010 when the second backoff timer expires (e.g., Figure 8c In some aspects, the one or more processors 1010 are configured to perform one or more retransmissions until a predefined maximum number of retransmissions is reached. When the maximum number of retransmissions is reached and the corresponding retransmissions are unsuccessful, the one or more processors 1010 may trigger a conventional recovery process (e.g., Figure 8c Traditional recovery process 844) or moving to idle state.

[0092] At 1318, in response to providing one or more direct transmissions including the first transmission to the base station, processing, using one or more processors 1010, a stop indication signal (e.g., Figure 8d 866 in the stop indication signal. In some aspects, the stop indication signal instructs the UE to start a stop timer with an associated stop time value, during which any direct transmission from the inactive UE to the base station is to be stopped. At 1320, the stop timer is started, and any direct transmission from the inactive UE to the base station is stopped using one or more processors 1010 until the stop timer expires.

[0093] Figure 13b 13. A flow chart illustrating a method 1350 for access control of a base station in a wireless communication system when an associated UE is configured to transmit in an inactive state according to one aspect of the present disclosure. Figure 9In some aspects, the apparatus 900 may include: Figure 8a 、 Figure 8b 、 Figure 8c and Figure 8d Therefore, further reference is made to the base station 804. Figure 8a 、 Figure 8b 、 Figure 8c and Figure 8d The method 1350 is explained with reference to the NR system 800 in FIG. At 1352, one or more processors 910 are used to process a call from an inactive UE (e.g., Figure 8d One or more direct transmissions (eg, Figure 8d At 1354, based on network conditions, one or more processors 910 are employed to determine whether to allow subsequent direct transmissions from the UE in the inactive state.

[0094] At 1356, when it is determined that subsequent direct transmissions from the UE in the inactive state are not permitted, a stop indication signal (eg, Figure 8d In some aspects, the stop indication signal instructs the UE to start a stop timer having an associated stop time value, during which any direct transmissions from the UE to the base station in an inactive state are to be stopped. At 1358, when the first transmission of the direct transmission signal cannot be successfully processed at the base station, one or more processors 910 are employed to provide an indication to the UE that the first transmission was unsuccessful.

[0095] Although method is shown and described as a series of actions or events above, it should be understood that the order of such actions or events shown should not be interpreted as having a limiting meaning. For example, some actions can occur in different orders and / or with other actions or events except those actions or events shown and / or described herein. In addition, it may not be necessary for all shown actions to realize one or more aspects disclosed herein. In addition, one or more actions in the action shown herein can be carried out in one or more separate actions and / or stages.

[0096] Aspects described herein may be implemented into a system using any suitably configured hardware and / or software. Figure 14The architecture of a system 1400 including a core network (CN) 1420, such as a fifth generation (5G) CN (5GC), according to various aspects is shown. The system 1400 is shown to include a UE 1401, which can be the same as or similar to one or more other UEs discussed herein; a third generation partnership project (3GPP) radio access network (wireless AN or RAN) or other (e.g., non-3GPP) AN, (R)AN 1410, which can include one or more RAN nodes (e.g., evolved Node B (eNB)), next generation Node B (gNB and / or other nodes), or other nodes or access points; and a data network (DN) 1403, which can be, for example, operator services, Internet access, or third-party services; and a fifth generation core network (5GC) 1420. 5GC 1420 may include one or more of the following functions and network components: authentication server function (AUSF) 1422, access and mobility management function (AMF) 1421, session management function (SMF) 1424, network exposure function (NEF) 1423, policy control function (PCF) 1426, network repository function (NRF) 1425, unified data management (UDM) 1427, application function (AF) 1428, user plane (UP) function (UPF) 1402 and network slice selection function (NSSF) 1429.

[0097] UPF 1402 can serve as an anchor point for intra-RAT and inter-RAT mobility, an external protocol data unit (PDU) session point interconnected with DN 1403, and a branching point to support multi-homed PDU sessions. UPF 1402 can also perform packet routing and forwarding, perform packet inspection, enforce the user plane portion of policy rules, perform lawful interception of packets (UP collection), perform traffic usage reporting, perform QoS processing for the user plane (e.g., packet filtering, gating, uplink (UL) / downlink (DL) rate enforcement), perform uplink traffic validation (e.g., service data flow (SDF) to QoS flow mapping), perform transport-level packet marking in the uplink and downlink, and perform downlink packet buffering and downlink data notification triggering. UPF 1402 may include an uplink classifier to support routing traffic to the data network. DN 1403 may represent various network operator services, internet access, or third-party services. DN 1403 may include or be similar to an application server. UPF 1402 may interact with SMF 1424 via an N4 reference point between SMF 1424 and UPF 1402.

[0098] The AUSF 1422 may store data used to authenticate the UE 1401 and handle authentication-related functions. The AUSF 1422 may facilitate a common authentication framework for various access types. The AUSF 1422 may communicate with the AMF 1421 via the N12 reference point between the AMF 1421 and the AUSF 1422, and may communicate with the UDM 1427 via the N13 reference point between the UDM 1427 and the AUSF 1422. In addition, the AUSF 1422 may present an interface based on the NAUSF service.

[0099] The AMF 1421 may be responsible for registration management (e.g., responsible for registering the UE 1401, etc.), connection management, reachability management, mobility management, and lawful interception of AMF-related events, as well as access authentication and authorization. The AMF 1421 may be the termination point of the N11 reference point between the AMF 1421 and the SMF 1424. The AMF 1421 may provide transport for SM messages between the UE 1401 and the SMF 1424 and act as a transparent proxy for routing SM messages. The AMF 1421 may also provide a communication channel between the UE 1401 and the Short Message Service (SMS) Function (SMSF) ( Figure 14 The AMF 1421 provides transport for SMS messages between the (R)AN 1410 and the UE 1401 (not shown). The AMF 1421 may act as a Security Anchor Function (SEAF), which may include interactions with the AUSF 1422 and the UE 1401 and / or receive intermediate keys established as a result of the UE 1401 authentication process. In the case of Universal Subscriber Identity Module (USIM)-based authentication, the AMF 1421 may retrieve security material from the AUSF 1422. The AMF 1421 may also include a Single Connectivity Mode (SCM) function, which receives keys from the SEA for deriving access network-specific keys. Furthermore, the AMF 1421 may be the termination point for the RAN control plane (CP) interface, may include or may be the N2 reference point between the (R)AN 1410 and the AMF 1421, and may be the termination point for non-access stratum (NAS) (N1) signaling, performing NAS encryption and integrity protection.

[0100] AMF 1421 can also support NAS signaling with UE 1401 over the non-3GPP (N3) interworking function (IWF) interface. The N3 IWF can be used to provide access to untrusted entities. The N3 IWF can be the termination point for the N2 interface between the (R)AN 1410 and AMF 1421 for the control plane, and can be the termination point for the N3 reference point between the (R)AN 1410 and UPF 1402 for the user plane. Therefore, AMF 1421 can handle N2 signaling for PDU sessions and QoS from SMF 1424 and AMF 1421, encapsulate / decapsulate packets for Internet Protocol (IP) Security (IPSec) and N3 tunnels, mark N3 user plane packets in the uplink, and perform QoS corresponding to N3 packet markings, taking into account the QoS requirements associated with such markings received over N2. The N3IWF may also relay uplink and downlink control plane NAS signaling between the UE 1401 and the AMF 1421 via the N1 reference point between the UE 1401 and the AMF 1421, and relay uplink and downlink user plane packets between the UE 1401 and the UPF 1402. The N3IWF also provides a mechanism for establishing an IPsec tunnel with the UE 1401. The AMF 1421 may present an interface based on the Namf service and may be an N14 reference point between the two AMFs 1421 and the AMF 1421 with the 5G Equipment Identity Register (5G-EIR) ( Figure 14 The termination point of the N17 reference point between (not shown).

[0101] UE 1401 can register with AMF 1421 to receive network services. Registration Management (RM) is used to register or deregister UE 1401 with the network (e.g., AMF 1421) and establish a UE context in the network (e.g., AMF 1421). UE 1401 can operate in the RM-REGISTERED state or the RM-DEREGISTERED state. In the RM-DEREGISTERED state, UE 1401 is not registered with the network, and the UE context in AMF 1421 does not hold valid location or routing information for UE 1401, making UE 1401 inaccessible to AMF 1421. In the RM-REGISTERED state, UE 1401 is registered with the network, and the UE context in AMF 1421 may hold valid location or routing information for UE 1401, making UE 1401 accessible to AMF 1421. In the RM-Registered state, UE 1401 may perform a mobility registration update procedure, perform a periodic registration update procedure triggered by expiration of a periodic update timer (e.g., to notify the network that UE 1401 is still active), and perform a registration update procedure to update UE capability information or renegotiate protocol parameters with the network, etc.

[0102] AMF 1421 may store one or more RM contexts for UE 1401, each associated with a specific access right to the network. An RM context may be a data structure, database object, or the like that, among other things, indicates or stores the registration status and periodic update timer for each access type. AMF 1421 may also store a 5GC Mobility Management (MM) context, which is identical or similar to an Enhanced Packet System (EPS) MM ((E)MM) context. In various aspects, AMF 1421 may store Coverage Enhancement (CE) Mode B restriction parameters for UE 1401 in an associated MM context or RM context. AMF 1421 may also derive values ​​from UE usage setting parameters already stored in the UE context (and / or MM / RM context), if necessary.

[0103] Connection Management (CM) is used to establish and release a signaling connection between UE 1401 and AMF 1421 over the N1 interface. Signaling connections are used to enable NAS signaling exchanges between UE 1401 and CN 1420, and include both the signaling connection between the UE and the AN (e.g., an RRC connection for non-3GPP access or a UE-N3 IWF connection) and the UE 1401's N2 connection between the AN (e.g., RAN 1410) and AMF 1421. UE 1401 can operate in one of two CM states: CM-Idle mode or CM-Connected mode. When UE 1401 is operating in the CM-Idle state / mode, UE 1401 may not have a NAS signaling connection established with AMF 1421 over the N1 interface, and a (R)AN 1410 signaling connection (e.g., an N2 and / or N3 connection) may exist for UE 1401. When the UE 1401 is operating in the CM-Connected state / mode, the UE 1401 may have a NAS signaling connection established with the AMF 1421 through the N1 interface, and there may be a (R)AN 1410 signaling connection (e.g., N2 and / or N3 connection) for the UE 1401. Establishment of the N2 connection between the (R)AN 1410 and the AMF 1421 may cause the UE 1401 to transition from the CM-Idle mode to the CM-Connected mode, and when the N2 signaling between the (R)AN 1410 and the AMF 1421 is released, the UE 1401 may transition from the CM-Connected mode to the CM-Idle mode.

[0104] The SMF 1424 may be responsible for session management (SM) (e.g., session establishment, modification, and release, including tunnel maintenance between the UPF and AN nodes); UE IP address allocation and management (including optional authorization); selection and control of UP functions; configuring the UPF's traffic steering to route traffic to the correct destination; terminating the interface towards the policy control function; control portion of policy enforcement and QoS; lawful interception (for SM events and interface with the lawful interception (LI) system); terminating the SM portion of NAS messages; downlink data notification; initiating AN-specific SM information sent to the AN via the AMF over N2; and determining the session and service continuity (SSC) mode for the session. SM may refer to the management of a PDU session, and a PDU session or "session" may refer to a PDU connection service that provides or enables the exchange of PDUs between the UE 1401 and the data network (DN) 1403 identified by the data network name (DNN). A PDU session can be established at the request of UE 1401, modified at the request of UE 1401 and 5GC 1420, and released at the request of UE 1401 and 5GC 1420 using NAS SM signaling exchanged over the N1 reference point between UE 1401 and SMF 1424. Upon request from an application server, 5GC 1420 can trigger a specific application in UE 1401. In response to receiving the trigger message, UE 1401 can deliver the trigger message (or relevant portions / information of the trigger message) to one or more identified applications in UE 1401. The identified applications in UE 1401 can establish a PDU session with a specific DNN. SMF 1424 can check whether the UE 1401 request complies with the user subscription information associated with UE 1401. In this regard, SMF 1424 can retrieve and / or request notifications of updates regarding SMF 1424-level subscription data from UDM 1427.

[0105] SMF 1424 may include the following roaming functions: handling local execution to apply QoS service level agreements (SLAs) (visited public land mobile network (VPLMN)); charging data collection and billing interfaces (VPLMN); lawful interception (for SM events and interfaces with LI systems, in the VPLMN); and support for interaction with external DNs to transport signaling for PDU session authorization / authentication through external DNs. In roaming scenarios, an N16 reference point between two SMFs 1424 may be included in system 1400. This system may be located between another SMF 1424 in the visited network and an SMF 1424 in the home network. In addition, SMF 1424 may present an interface based on Nsmf services.

[0106] NEF 1423 provides a means for securely exposing services and capabilities provided by 3GPP network functions to third parties, internal exposure / re-exposure, application functions (e.g., AF 1428), edge computing, or fog computing systems. In these aspects, NEF 1423 can authenticate, authorize, and / or restrict the AF. NEF 1423 can also convert information exchanged with AF 1428 and with internal network functions. For example, NEF 1423 can convert between AF service identifiers and internal 5GC information. NEF 1423 can also receive information from other network functions (NFs) based on their exposed capabilities. This information can be stored as structured data in NEF 1423 or in a data storage NF using standardized interfaces. The stored information can then be re-exposed by NEF 1423 to other NFs and AFs and / or used for other purposes such as analysis. Furthermore, NEF 1423 can present an NNEF service-based interface.

[0107] NRF 1425 can support service discovery functionality, receiving NF discovery requests from NF instances and providing information about discovered NF instances to NF instances. NRF 1425 also maintains information about available NF instances and the services they support. As used herein, the term "instantiation" and the like can refer to the creation of an instance, and "instance" can refer to the specific occurrence of an object, which can occur, for example, during the execution of program code. In addition, NRF 1425 can present an interface based on Nnrf services.

[0108] PCF 1426 provides control plane functions with the ability to enforce their policy rules and supports a unified policy framework for managing network behavior. PCF 1426 also implements the FE to access subscription information related to policy decisions in the UDM 1427's UDR. PCF 1426 can communicate with AMF 1421 via the N15 reference point between PCF 1426 and AMF 1421. This can include the PCF 1426 in the visited network and the AMF 1421 in roaming scenarios. PCF 1426 can communicate with AF 1428 via the N5 reference point between PCF 1426 and AF 1428, and with SMF 1424 via the N7 reference point between PCF 1426 and SMF 1424. System 1400 and / or CN 1420 may also include an N24 reference point between PCF 1426 (in the home network) and PCF 1426 in the visited network. Additionally, PCF 1426 may present an interface based on Npcf services.

[0109] The UDM 1427 may process subscription-related information to support network entities in handling communication sessions and may store subscription data for the UE 1401. For example, subscription data may be transferred between the UDM 1427 and the AMF 1421 via the N8 reference point between the UDM 1427 and the AMF. The UDM 1427 may include two parts: an application function entity (FE) and a unified data repository (UDR). Figure 1 FE and UDR are not shown in the figure). The UDR can store subscription data and policy data of the UDM 1427 and PCF 1426, and / or structured data for exposure of the NEF 1423, as well as application data (including packet flow descriptions (PFDs) for application detection, application request information of multiple UEs 1401). An interface based on Nudr services can be presented by the UDR 221 to allow the UDM 1427, PCF 1426, and NEF 1423 to access specific sets of stored data, as well as read, update (e.g., add, modify), delete, and subscribe to notifications of changes to related data in the UDR. The UDM may include a UDM-FE, which is responsible for handling credentials, location management, subscription management, etc. In different transactions, several different FEs may serve the same user. The UDM-FE accesses subscription information stored in the UDR and performs authentication credential processing, user identification processing, access authorization, registration / mobility management, and subscription management. The UDR may interact with the SMF 1424 via the N10 reference point between the UDM 1427 and the SMF 1424. The UDM 1427 may also support SMS management, where the SMS-FE implements similar application logic as discussed elsewhere herein. Additionally, the UDM 1427 may present an interface based on Nudm services.

[0110] AF 1428 can provide application influence on traffic routing, provide access to NEF 1423, and interact with the policy framework for policy control. 5GC 1420 and AF 1428 can provide information to each other via NEF 1423, which can be used in edge computing implementations. In such implementations, network operators and third-party services can be hosted near the UE 1401 access point to achieve efficient service delivery with reduced end-to-end latency and load on the transport network. For edge computing implementations, the 5GC can select a UPF 1402 near the UE 1401 and perform traffic steering from the UPF 1402 to the DN 1403 via the N6 interface. This can be based on UE subscription data, UE location, and information provided by AF 1428. In this way, AF 1428 can influence UPF (re)selection and traffic routing. Based on operator deployment, if the AF 1428 is considered a trusted entity, the network operator may allow the AF 1428 to interact directly with the relevant NFs. Additionally, the AF 1428 may present an interface based on Naf services.

[0111] The NSSF 1429 may select a set of network slice instances to serve the UE 1401. The NSSF 1429 may also determine the allowed network slice selection assistance information (NSSAI) and the mapping to the subscribed single NSSAI (S-NSSAI), as appropriate. The NSSF 1429 may also determine the set of AMFs to serve the UE 1401, or a list of candidate AMFs 1421, based on appropriate configuration and possibly by querying the NRF 1425. The selection of a set of network slice instances for the UE 1401 may be triggered by the AMF 1421, where the UE 1401 registers by interacting with the NSSF 1429, which may result in a change in the AMF 1421. The NSSF 1429 may interact with the AMF 1421 via the N22 reference point between the AMF 1421 and the NSSF 1429, and may communicate via the N31 reference point ( Figure 14 (not shown) communicates with another NSSF 1429 in the visited network. In addition, the NSSF 1429 may present an interface based on the Nnssf service.

[0112] As previously discussed, CN 1420 may include an SMSF, which may be responsible for SMS subscription checking and verification, and relaying SM messages to / from UE 1401 to / from other entities, such as an SMS-Gateway Mobile Services Switching Center (GMSC) / Interworking MSC (IWMSC) / SMS-Router. The SMSF may also interact with AMF 1421 and UDM 1427 for notification procedures, making UE 1401 available for SMS transmission (e.g., setting a UE unreachable flag and notifying UDM 1427 when UE 1401 is available for SMS).

[0113] CN 1420 may also include Figure 14 Other elements not shown in the figure, such as data storage system / architecture, 5G-EIR, security edge protection agent (SEPP), etc. The data storage system may include structured data storage function (SDSF), unstructured data storage function (UDSF), etc. Any NF can communicate with any NF and UDSF ( Figure 1 The N18 reference point between the NFs (not shown) stores or retrieves unstructured data into or from the UDSF (e.g., UE context). Each NF may share a UDSF for storing its respective unstructured data, or each NF may have its own UDSF located at or near each NF. In addition, the UDSF may present an interface based on Nudsf services ( Figure 1 ). The 5G-EIR may be a NF that checks the status of the Permanent Equipment Identifier (PEI) to determine whether to blacklist a specific equipment / entity from the network; and the SEPP may be a non-transparent proxy that performs topology hiding, message filtering, and policing on the inter-PLMN control plane interface.

[0114] Additionally, there may be more reference points and / or service-based interfaces between NF services in a NF; however, for clarity, Figure 14 These interfaces and reference points are omitted. In one example, the CN 1420 may include an Nx interface, which is an inter-CN interface between an MME (e.g., a non-5G MME) and an AMF 1421, to enable interworking between the CN 1420 and a non-5G CN. Other exemplary interfaces / reference points may include an interface based on N5g-EIR services presented by the 5G-EIR, an N27 reference point between a network repository function (NRF) in a visited network and an NRF in a home network; and an N31 reference point between an NSSF in a visited network and an NSSF in a home network.

[0115] Figure 15Example components of a device 1500 are shown, according to some aspects. In some aspects, device 1500 may include application circuitry 1502, baseband circuitry 1504, radio frequency (RF) circuitry 1506, front-end module (FEM) circuitry 1508, one or more antennas 1510, and power management circuitry (PMC) 1512 (coupled together at least as shown). The components of the illustrated device 1500 may be included in a UE or a RAN node. In some aspects, device 1500 may include fewer components (e.g., a RAN node may not utilize application circuitry 1502 but instead include a processor / controller to process IP data received from a CN such as 5GC 1420 or an evolved packet core (EPC)). In some aspects, device 1500 may include additional components, such as memory / storage, a display, a camera, sensors, or input / output (I / O) interfaces. In other aspects, the components described below may be included in more than one device (e.g., the circuitry may be separately included in more than one device for a Cloud-RAN (C-RAN) implementation).

[0116] Application circuitry 1502 may include one or more application processors. For example, application circuitry 1502 may include circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. The processors may include any combination of general-purpose processors and specialized processors (e.g., graphics processors, application processors, etc.). The processors may be coupled to or include memory / storage and may be configured to execute instructions stored in the memory / storage to enable various applications or operating systems to run on device 1500. In some aspects, the processors of application circuitry 1502 may process IP data packets received from the EPC.

[0117] The baseband circuitry 1504 may include circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. The baseband circuitry 1504 may include one or more baseband processors or control logic to process baseband signals received from the receive signal path of the RF circuitry 1506 and generate baseband signals for the transmit signal path of the RF circuitry 1506. The baseband circuitry 1504 may interact with the application circuitry 1502 to generate and process baseband signals and control the operation of the RF circuitry 1506. For example, in some aspects, the baseband circuitry 1504 may include a third-generation (3G) baseband processor 1504A, a fourth-generation (4G) baseband processor 1504B, a fifth-generation (5G) baseband processor 1504C, or other baseband processors 1504D of other current, developing, or future generations (e.g., second-generation (2G), sixth-generation (6G), etc.). Baseband circuitry 1504 (e.g., one or more baseband processors 1504A-D) may handle various radio control functions, which may communicate with one or more radio networks via RF circuitry 1506. In other aspects, some or all of the functions of baseband processors 1504A-D may be included in modules stored in memory 1504G and executed via central processing unit (CPU) 1504E. Radio control functions may include, but are not limited to, signal modulation / demodulation, encoding / decoding, radio frequency shifting, etc. In some aspects, the modulation / demodulation circuitry of baseband circuitry 1504 may include fast Fourier transform (FFT), precoding, or constellation mapping / demapping functions. In some aspects, the encoding / decoding circuitry of baseband circuitry 1504 may include convolution, tail-biting convolution, turbo, Viterbi, or low-density parity check (LDPC) encoder / decoder functions. Aspects of modulation / demodulation and encoder / decoder functions are not limited to these examples and, in other aspects, may include other suitable functions.

[0118] In some aspects, the baseband circuitry 1504 may include one or more audio digital signal processors (DSPs) 1504F. The audio DSPs 1504F may include elements for compression / decompression and echo cancellation, and in other aspects may include other suitable processing elements. In some aspects, the components of the baseband circuitry may be suitably combined in a single chip, a single chipset, or provided on the same circuit board. In some aspects, some or all of the components of the baseband circuitry 1504 and the application circuitry 1502 may be implemented together, such as on a system-on-chip (SOC).

[0119] In some aspects, the baseband circuitry 1504 may provide communications compatible with one or more radio technologies. For example, in some aspects, the baseband circuitry 1504 may support communications with NG-RAN, Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (EUTRAN), or other wireless metropolitan area networks (WMANs), wireless local area networks (WLANs), wireless personal area networks (WPANs), and the like. Aspects in which the baseband circuitry 1504 is configured to support radio communications of more than one wireless protocol may be referred to as multi-mode baseband circuitry.

[0120] RF circuitry 1506 can communicate with a wireless network using modulated electromagnetic radiation through a non-solid medium. In various aspects, RF circuitry 1506 can include switches, filters, amplifiers, etc. to facilitate communication with the wireless network. RF circuitry 1506 can include a receive signal path, which can include circuitry for down-converting RF signals received from FEM circuitry 1508 and providing a baseband signal to baseband circuitry 1504. RF circuitry 1506 can also include a transmit signal path, which can include circuitry for up-converting baseband signals provided by baseband circuitry 1504 and providing an RF output signal to FEM circuitry 1508 for transmission.

[0121] In some aspects, the receive signal path of RF circuitry 1506 may include mixer circuitry 1506a, amplifier circuitry 1506b, and filter circuitry 1506c. In some aspects, the transmit signal path of RF circuitry 1506 may include filter circuitry 1506c and mixer circuitry 1506a. RF circuitry 1506 may also include synthesizer circuitry 1506d for synthesizing frequencies used by mixer circuitry 1506a in the receive and transmit signal paths. In some aspects, mixer circuitry 1506a in the receive signal path may be configured to downconvert the RF signal received from FEM circuitry 1508 based on the synthesized frequency provided by synthesizer circuitry 1506d. Amplifier circuitry 1506b may be configured to amplify the downconverted signal, and filter circuitry 1506c may be a low-pass filter (LPF) or a band-pass filter (BPF) configured to remove unwanted signals from the downconverted signal to generate an output baseband signal. The output baseband signal may be provided to baseband circuitry 1504 for further processing. In some aspects, the output baseband signal can be a zero-frequency baseband signal, although this is not required.In some aspects, the mixer circuit 1506a of the receive signal path can include a passive mixer, although the scope of the various aspects is not limited in this respect.

[0122] In some aspects, mixer circuit 1506a of the transmit signal path can be configured to upconvert an input baseband signal based on a synthesized frequency provided by synthesizer circuit 1506d to generate an RF output signal for FEM circuit 1508. The baseband signal can be provided by baseband circuit 1504 and can be filtered by filter circuit 1506c.

[0123] In some aspects, the mixer circuit 1506a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuit 1506a of the transmit signal path may include two or more mixers and may be arranged for quadrature downconversion and upconversion, respectively. In some aspects, the mixer circuit 1506a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuit 1506a of the transmit signal path may include two or more mixers and may be arranged for image rejection (e.g., Hartley image rejection). In some aspects, the mixer circuit 1506a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuit 1506a of the transmit signal path may be arranged for direct downconversion and direct upconversion, respectively. In some aspects, the mixer circuit 1506a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuit 1506a of the transmit signal path may be configured for superheterodyne operation.

[0124] In some aspects, the output baseband signal and the input baseband signal can be analog baseband signals, although the scope of the various aspects is not limited in this respect. In some alternative aspects, the output baseband signal and the input baseband signal can be digital baseband signals. In these alternative aspects, the RF circuitry 1506 can include analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuitry, and the baseband circuitry 1504 can include a digital baseband interface to communicate with the RF circuitry 1506.

[0125] In some dual-mode aspects, separate radio IC circuitry may be provided to process signals for each spectrum, although the scope of the various aspects is not limited in this respect.

[0126] In some aspects, the synthesizer circuit 1506 d can be a fractional-N synthesizer or a fractional-N / N+1 synthesizer, although the scope of the various aspects is not limited in this respect, as other types of frequency synthesizers may be suitable. For example, the synthesizer circuit 1506 d can be a delta-sigma synthesizer, a frequency multiplier, or a synthesizer including a phase-locked loop with a frequency divider.

[0127] The synthesizer circuit 1506d can be configured to synthesize an output frequency based on the frequency input and the divider control input for use by the mixer circuit 1506a of the RF circuit 1506. In some aspects, the synthesizer circuit 1506d can be a fractional-N / N+1 synthesizer.

[0128] In some aspects, the frequency input can be provided by a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), but this is not required. The divider control input can be provided by the baseband circuitry 1504 or the application circuitry 1502 depending on the desired output frequency. In some aspects, the divider control input (e.g., N) can be determined from a lookup table based on the channel indicated by the application circuitry 1502.

[0129] The synthesizer circuit 1506d of the RF circuit 1506 may include a frequency divider, a delay-locked loop (DLL), a multiplexer, and a phase accumulator. In some aspects, the frequency divider may be a dual-modulus divider (DMD), and the phase accumulator may be a digital phase accumulator (DPA). In some aspects, the DMD may be configured to divide the input signal by N or N+1 (e.g., based on a carry-out) to provide a fractional division ratio. In some exemplary aspects, the DLL may include a cascaded, tunable set of delay elements, a phase detector, a charge pump, and a set of D-type flip-flops. In these aspects, the delay elements may be configured to divide the VCO cycle into Nd equal phase groups, where Nd is the number of delay elements in the delay line. Thus, the DLL provides negative feedback to help ensure that the total delay through the delay line is one VCO cycle.

[0130] In some aspects, the synthesizer circuit 1506d can be configured to generate a carrier frequency as the output frequency, while in other aspects, the output frequency can be a multiple of the carrier frequency (e.g., twice the carrier frequency, four times the carrier frequency) and used in conjunction with a quadrature generator and divider circuit to generate multiple signals at the carrier frequency with multiple different phases relative to each other. In some aspects, the output frequency can be the LO frequency (fLO). In some aspects, the RF circuit 1506 can include an IQ / polarity converter.

[0131] The FEM circuitry 1508 may include a receive signal path that may include circuitry configured to operate on RF signals received from one or more antennas 1510, amplify the received signals, and provide an amplified version of the received signals to the RF circuitry 1506 for further processing. The FEM circuitry 1508 may also include a transmit signal path that may include circuitry configured to amplify transmit signals provided by the RF circuitry 1506 for transmission via one or more of the one or more antennas 1510. In various aspects, amplification by either the transmit or receive signal path may be performed solely in the RF circuitry 1506, solely in the FEM circuitry 1508, or in both the RF circuitry 1506 and the FEM circuitry 1508.

[0132] In some aspects, FEM circuitry 1508 may include a TX / RX switch to switch between transmit and receive modes of operation. The FEM circuitry may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path. The receive signal path of the FEM circuitry may include an LNA to amplify a received RF signal and provide the amplified received RF signal as an output (e.g., to RF circuitry 1506). The transmit signal path of the FEM circuitry 1508 may include a power amplifier (PA) to amplify an input RF signal (e.g., provided by RF circuitry 1506) and one or more filters to generate an RF signal for subsequent transmission (e.g., via one or more of antennas 1510).

[0133] In some aspects, the PMC 1512 can manage the power provided to the baseband circuitry 1504. Specifically, the PMC 1512 can control power source selection, voltage scaling, battery charging, or DC-DC conversion. When the device 1500 is capable of being powered by a battery, such as when the device is included in a UE, the PMC 1512 is typically included. The PMC 1512 can improve power conversion efficiency while providing a desired implementation size and heat dissipation characteristics.

[0134] Although Figure 15 PMC 1512 is shown coupled only to baseband circuitry 1504. However, in other aspects, PMC 1512 may additionally or alternatively be coupled to other components (such as, but not limited to, application circuitry 1502, RF circuitry 1506, or FEM circuitry 1508) and perform similar power management operations.

[0135] In some aspects, the PMC 1512 can control or otherwise be part of various power saving mechanisms of the device 1500. For example, if the device 1500 is in the RRC_Connected state, where the device is still connected to the RAN node because it expects to receive traffic immediately, then after a period of inactivity, the device can enter a state known as discontinuous reception mode (DRX). During this state, the device 1500 can be powered down for short intervals, thereby saving power.

[0136] If there is no data traffic activity for an extended period of time, the device 1500 may transition to the RRC_Idle state, in which the device is disconnected from the network and does not perform operations such as channel quality feedback, handovers, etc. The device 1500 enters a very low power state and performs paging, in which the device periodically wakes up again to listen to the network and then powers down again. The device 1500 may not receive data in this state; to receive data, the device may transition back to the RRC_Connected state.

[0137] An additional power saving mode can disable the device from the network for periods exceeding the paging interval (ranging from a few seconds to several hours). During this time, the device is completely unable to connect to the network and can be completely powered down. Any data sent during this time will incur significant latency, assuming that latency is acceptable.

[0138] The processor of application circuitry 1502 and the processor of baseband circuitry 1504 can be used to execute elements of one or more instances of a protocol stack. For example, the processor of baseband circuitry 1504 can be used, alone or in combination, to execute Layer 3, Layer 2, or Layer 1 functions, while the processor of application circuitry 1502 can utilize data received from these layers (e.g., packet data) and further execute Layer 4 functions (e.g., Transport Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP) layers). As mentioned herein, Layer 3 may include the Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer, which is described in further detail below. As mentioned herein, Layer 2 may include the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer, the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, and the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, which are described in further detail below. As mentioned herein, Layer 1 may include the Physical (PHY) layer of the UE / RAN node, which is described in further detail below.

[0139] Figure 16 1 shows an exemplary interface of a baseband circuit according to some aspects. As discussed above, Figure 15 The baseband circuit 1504 may include processors 1504A-1504E and a memory 1504G utilized by the processors. Each of the processors 1504A-1504E may include a memory interface 1604A-1604E, respectively, for sending / receiving data to / from the memory 1504G.

[0140] The baseband circuit 1504 may also include one or more interfaces for communicatively coupling to other circuits / devices, such as a memory interface 1612 (e.g., an interface for sending / receiving data to / from a memory external to the baseband circuit 1504); an application circuit interface 1614 (e.g., an interface for sending / receiving data to / from a memory external to the baseband circuit 1504); Figure 2 RF circuit interface 1616 (for example, for sending / receiving data to / from the application circuit 1502); Figure 2 an interface for sending / receiving data to / from the RF circuit 1506); a wireless hardware connection interface 1618 (e.g., for sending / receiving data to / from a near field communication (NFC) component, a Bluetooth ® Components (e.g., Bluetooth ® Low power consumption), Wi-Fi ®components and other communication components to send / receive data); and a power management interface 1620 (eg, an interface for sending / receiving power or control signals to / from PMC1512).

[0141] In various aspects, the aspects discussed herein may facilitate techniques for inter-cell beam management (BM) via L1 (Layer 1) using one or more variations of the first and / or second set of techniques. The first set of techniques discussed herein may facilitate L1 inter-cell BM via SSB (Synchronization Signal Blocks). The second set of techniques discussed herein may facilitate L1 inter-cell BM via synchronized CSI (Channel State Information)-RS (Reference Signals).

[0142] Embodiments may include subject matter such as a method, an apparatus for performing the actions or blocks of the method, and at least one machine-readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by a machine, cause the machine to perform the actions of a method or apparatus or system for concurrent communication using multiple communication technologies according to the embodiments and examples described herein.

[0143] Embodiment 1 is an integrated circuit (IC) associated with a user equipment (UE), comprising one or more processors configured to process a service configuration signal received from a base station associated therewith, wherein the service configuration signal comprises an indication of one or more service configurations associated with data transmissions permitted to be transmitted by the UE during an inactive state of the UE; and based on processing the service configuration signal, determine one or more service configurations associated with the data transmissions permitted to be transmitted by the UE during the inactive state of the UE.

[0144] Embodiment 2 is an IC including the subject matter of embodiment 1, wherein the one or more processors are configured to process uplink (UL) data to be transmitted to the base station during the inactive state of the UE; determine one or more service configurations associated with direct transmission of the UL data; and when the one or more service configurations associated with the direct transmission of the UL data include a service configuration configured as part of the service configuration signal received from the base station, perform the direct transmission of the UL data to the base station during the inactive state of the UE.

[0145] Embodiment 3 is an IC including the subject matter of embodiments 1 to 2, including or omitting elements, wherein the one or more service configurations within the service configuration signal include one or more of the following indications: an indication of dedicated radio bearers (DRBs) allowed for transmission in an inactive state, an indication of whether radio resource control (RRC) / non-access stratum (NAS) transmission is allowed in an inactive state, an indication of whether paging-triggered direct transmission is allowed in the inactive state, an indication of which access categories and access identities are allowed for transmission in the inactive state, and an indication of a resumption reason for which transmission is allowed in the inactive state.

[0146] Embodiment 4 is an IC including the subject matter of embodiments 1 to 3, including or omitting elements, wherein, when the one or more service configurations associated with the direct transmission are not configured within the service configuration signal, the one or more processors are configured to transition the UE from the inactive state to a connected state in order to transmit the UL data to the base station.

[0147] Embodiment 5 is an IC including the subject matter of embodiments 1 to 4, including or omitting elements, wherein the one or more processors are configured to provide a radio resource control (RRC) resumption request signal to the base station to transition the UE from the inactive state to the connected state.

[0148] Embodiment 6 is an IC including the subject matter of embodiments 1 to 5, including or omitting elements, wherein the service configuration signal is received from the base station via dedicated signaling or broadcast signaling.

[0149] Embodiment 7 is a method for a user equipment (UE), comprising: processing, using one or more processors, a service configuration signal received from a base station associated therewith, wherein the service configuration signal includes an indication of one or more service configurations associated with data transmissions allowed to be transmitted by the UE during an inactive state of the UE; and determining, using the one or more processors, based on processing the service configuration signal, one or more service configurations associated with the data transmissions allowed to be transmitted by the UE during the inactive state of the UE.

[0150] Embodiment 8 is a method including the subject matter of embodiment 7, further comprising: processing uplink (UL) data to be transmitted to the base station using the one or more processors during the inactive state of the UE; determining one or more service configurations associated with direct transmission of the UL data using the one or more processors; and performing the direct transmission of the UL data to the base station using the one or more processors during the inactive state of the UE when the one or more service configurations associated with the direct transmission of the UL data include a service configuration configured as part of the service configuration signal received from the base station.

[0151] Embodiment 9 is a method including the subject matter of embodiments 7 to 8, including or omitting elements, wherein the one or more service configurations within the service configuration signal include one or more of the following indications: an indication of dedicated radio bearers (DRBs) allowed for transmission in an inactive state, an indication of whether radio resource control (RRC) / non-access stratum (NAS) transmission is allowed in an inactive state, an indication of whether paging-triggered direct transmission is allowed in the inactive state, an indication of which access categories and access identities are allowed for transmission in the inactive state, and an indication of a resumption reason for which transmission is allowed in the inactive state.

[0152] Embodiment 10 is a method including the subject matter of embodiments 7 to 9, including or omitting elements, wherein, when the one or more service configurations associated with the direct transmission are not configured within the service configuration signal, the one or more processors are configured to transition the UE from the inactive state to the connected state in order to transmit the UL data to the base station.

[0153] Embodiment 11 is a method including the subject matter of embodiments 7 to 10, including or omitting elements, wherein the one or more processors are configured to provide a radio resource control (RRC) resumption request signal to the base station to transition the UE from the inactive state to the connected state.

[0154] Embodiment 12 is a method including the subject matter of embodiments 7 to 11, including or omitting elements, wherein the service configuration signal is received from the base station via dedicated signaling or broadcast signaling.

[0155] Embodiment 13 is a user equipment (UE) comprising one or more processors configured to generate a direct transmission signal to be provided to a base station during an inactive state of the UE, wherein the direct transmission signal comprises a first transmission, the first transmission comprising a first medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) of the direct transmission signal, and wherein the first MAC PDU comprises access control information, the access control information comprising one or more access control parameters associated with the direct transmission signal to facilitate access control at the base station; and providing the first transmission associated with the direct transmission signal to the base station during the inactive state of the UE.

[0156] Embodiment 14 is a UE including the subject matter of embodiment 13, wherein the access control information is included in an access control (AC) MAC control element (CE) within the first MAC PDU.

[0157] Embodiment 15 is a UE including the subject matter of embodiments 13 to 14, including or omitting elements, wherein the access control information includes at least one of a restoration cause and a priority.

[0158] Embodiment 16 is a UE including the subject matter of embodiments 13 to 15, including or omitting elements, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to, in response to providing the first transmission, perform a conventional recovery procedure to transition the UE from the inactive state to a connected state when the one or more processors do not receive an access control (AC) feedback signal from the base station within a predefined feedback time window, so as to perform subsequent data transmission.

[0159] Embodiment 17 is a UE including the subject matter of embodiments 13 to 16, including or omitting elements, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to, in response to providing the first transmission, selectively receive a delay indication signal including a delay timer value from the base station based on network conditions; start a delay timer with the delay time value based on processing the delay indication signal; and stop any subsequent direct transmission to the base station in the inactive state of the UE until the delay timer expires.

[0160] Embodiment 18 is a UE including the subject matter of embodiments 13 to 17, including or omitting elements, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to, in response to providing the first transmission to the base station, selectively receive a fallback indication signal from the base station based on network conditions, wherein the fallback indication signal indicates to the UE to fall back to a conventional recovery process to transition the UE from the inactive state to a connected state to perform subsequent data transmission.

[0161] Embodiment 19 is a UE including the subject matter of embodiments 13 to 18, including or omitting elements, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to selectively receive a radio resource control (RRC) resume / setup signal from the base station in response to providing the first transmission to the base station, wherein the RRC resume / setup signal instructs the UE to transition from the inactive state to the connected state in order to perform subsequent data transmission.

[0162] Embodiment 20 is a UE including the subject matter of embodiments 13 to 19, including or omitting elements, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to process a service configuration signal received from the base station before generating the direct transmission signal, wherein the service configuration signal includes an indication of one or more service configurations associated with data transmissions allowed to be transmitted by the UE during an inactive state of the UE; and generate the direct transmission signal based thereon.

[0163] Embodiment 21 is an integrated circuit associated with a user equipment (UE), comprising one or more processors configured to generate a direct transmission signal to be provided to a base station during an inactive state of the UE, wherein the direct transmission signal comprises a first transmission, the first transmission comprising a first medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) of the direct transmission signal, and wherein the first MAC PDU comprises access control information, the access control information comprising one or more access control parameters associated with the direct transmission signal to facilitate access control at the base station; and providing the first transmission associated with the direct transmission signal to the base station during the inactive state of the UE.

[0164] Embodiment 22 is an IC including the subject matter of embodiment 21, wherein the access control information is included in an access control (AC) MAC control element (CE) within the first MAC PDU.

[0165] Embodiment 23 is an IC including the subject matter of embodiments 21-22, including or omitting elements, wherein the access control information includes at least one of a restoration reason and a priority level.

[0166] Embodiment 24 is an IC including the subject matter of embodiments 21 to 23, including or omitting elements, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to, in response to providing the first transmission, perform a conventional recovery procedure to transition the UE from the inactive state to a connected state to perform subsequent data transmission when the one or more processors do not receive an access control (AC) feedback signal from the base station within a predefined feedback time window.

[0167] Embodiment 25 is an IC including the subject matter of embodiments 21 to 24, including or omitting elements, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to, in response to providing the first transmission, selectively receive a delay indication signal including a delay timer value from the base station based on network conditions; start a delay timer with the delay time value based on processing of the delay indication signal; and stop any subsequent direct transmission to the base station in the inactive state of the UE until the delay timer expires.

[0168] Embodiment 26 is an IC including the subject matter of embodiments 21 to 25, including or omitting elements, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to, in response to providing the first transmission to the base station, selectively receive a fallback indication signal from the base station based on network conditions, wherein the fallback indication signal indicates to the UE to fall back to a legacy recovery procedure to transition the UE from the inactive state to a connected state to perform subsequent data transmission.

[0169] Embodiment 27 is an IC including the subject matter of embodiments 21 to 26, including or omitting elements, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to selectively receive a radio resource control (RRC) resume / setup signal from the base station in response to providing the first transmission to the base station, wherein the RRC resume / setup signal instructs the UE to transition from the inactive state to the connected state in order to perform subsequent data transmission.

[0170] Embodiment 28 is an IC including the subject matter of embodiments 21 to 27, including or omitting elements, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to process a service configuration signal received from the base station before generating the direct transmission signal, wherein the service configuration signal includes an indication of one or more service configurations associated with data transmissions allowed to be transmitted by the UE during an inactive state of the UE; and generate the direct transmission signal based thereon.

[0171] Embodiment 29 is a user equipment (UE) comprising one or more processors configured to provide a first transmission associated with a direct transmission signal to a base station during an inactive state of the UE; in response to providing the first transmission, monitor one or more indicator signals received from the base station to determine whether the first transmission is successful; when it is determined that the first transmission is unsuccessful, start a backoff timer having a backoff time value associated with it; and delay any retransmission of the first transmission in the inactive state of the UE until the backoff timer expires.

[0172] Embodiment 30 is a UE including the subject matter of embodiment 29, wherein the backoff timer has a backoff time value associated therewith, and wherein the backoff timer expires when a time equal to the backoff time value has elapsed.

[0173] Embodiment 31 is a UE including the subject matter of embodiments 29 to 30, including or omitting elements, wherein, when transmitting the first transmission via a random access channel (RACH) procedure, the one or more processors are configured to determine the backoff time value based on an acquired backoff indicator within a random access response (RAR) associated with the RACH and a preconfigured dedicated backoff parameter.

[0174] Embodiment 32 is a UE including the subject matter of embodiments 29 to 31, including or omitting elements, wherein the dedicated fallback parameter is configured for each dedicated radio bearer (DRB), each resumption cause, each priority level, and each access identity associated with data transmission.

[0175] Embodiment 33 is a UE including the subject matter of embodiments 29 to 32, including or omitting elements, wherein the one or more processors are configured to determine that the first transmission was unsuccessful based on the backoff indicator indicated as part of the RAR associated with the RACH.

[0176] Embodiment 34 is a UE including the subject matter of embodiments 29 to 33, including or omitting elements, wherein, when a preconfigured grant is used to transmit the first transmission, the first transmission is determined to be unsuccessful when an ACK feedback signal is not received from the base station during a predefined feedback window after the first transmission.

[0177] Embodiment 35 is a UE including the subject matter of embodiments 29 to 34, including or omitting elements, wherein, when the first transmission is transmitted using the preconfigured grant, the one or more processors are configured to determine the backoff timer value based on the backoff value obtained from the common channel during the predefined feedback window.

[0178] Embodiment 36 is a UE including the subject matter of embodiments 29 to 35, including or omitting elements, wherein, when transmitting the first transmission using the preconfigured grant, the one or more processors are configured to determine the backoff timer value based on the obtained backoff value and a dedicated backoff factor configured for each access category, resumption cause, access identity, priority, or dedicated radio bearer (DRB).

[0179] Embodiment 37 is a UE including the subject matter of embodiments 29 to 36, including or omitting elements, wherein, when transmitting the first transmission using the preconfigured grant, the one or more processors are configured to determine the backoff timer value based on a predefined backoff value configured for each access category, resumption cause, access identity, priority, or dedicated radio bearer (DRB).

[0180] Embodiment 38 is a UE including the subject matter of embodiments 29 to 37, including or omitting elements, wherein the one or more processors are configured to perform one or more retransmissions of the first transmission in the inactive state of the UE after the backoff timer expires until the UE receives an indication that the previous retransmission was successful or until the maximum number of retransmissions is reached, wherein when the maximum number of retransmissions is reached and the corresponding retransmission is unsuccessful, the one or more processors mark the first transmission as failed.

[0181] Embodiment 39 is a UE including the subject matter of embodiments 29 to 38, including or omitting elements, wherein when the first transmission is identified as a failure, the one or more processors are configured to transition the UE from the inactive state to a connected state.

[0182] Embodiment 40 is a UE including the subject matter of embodiments 29 to 39, including or omitting elements, wherein, when the first transmission is identified as failed, the one or more processors are configured to start a second backoff timer with a predefined second backoff timer value and perform a next retransmission of the first transmission when the second backoff timer expires.

[0183] Embodiment 41 is a UE including the subject matter of embodiments 29 to 40, including or omitting elements, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to, in response to providing the one or more direct transmissions including the first transmission to the base station, process a stop indication signal received from the base station, wherein the stop indication signal instructs the UE to start a stop timer with an associated stop time value, during which any direct transmission from the UE in the inactive state to the base station will be stopped; start the stop timer; and stop any direct transmission from the UE in the inactive state to the base station until the stop timer expires.

[0184] Embodiment 42 is a UE including the subject matter of embodiments 29 to 41, including or omitting elements, wherein, before providing the first transmission to the base station, the one or more processors are further configured to process a service configuration signal received from the base station, wherein the service configuration signal includes an indication of one or more service configurations associated with data transmissions allowed to be transmitted by the UE during an inactive state of the UE; and generate a direct transmission signal including the first transmission based thereon.

[0185] Embodiment 43 is a UE including the subject matter of embodiments 29 to 42, including or omitting elements, wherein the first transmission includes a first medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) of the direct transmission signal, and wherein the first MAC PDU includes access control information, the access control information including one or more access control parameters associated with the direct transmission signal to facilitate access control at the base station.

[0186] Embodiment 44 is a method for a user equipment (UE), comprising: during an inactive state of the UE, providing, using one or more processors, a first transmission associated with a direct transmission signal to a base station; in response to providing the first transmission, monitoring, using the one or more processors, one or more indicator signals received from the base station to determine whether the first transmission is successful; when it is determined that the first transmission is unsuccessful, starting, using the one or more processors, a backoff timer having a backoff time value associated therewith; and delaying, using the one or more processors, any retransmission of the first transmission in the inactive state of the UE until the backoff timer expires.

[0187] Embodiment 45 is a method including the subject matter of embodiment 44, wherein the backoff timer has a backoff time value associated therewith, and wherein the backoff timer expires when a time equal to the backoff time value has elapsed.

[0188] Embodiment 46 is a method including the subject matter of embodiments 44 to 45, including or omitting elements, wherein, when transmitting the first transmission via a random access channel (RACH) procedure, the one or more processors are configured to determine the backoff time value based on an acquired backoff indicator within a random access response (RAR) associated with the RACH and a preconfigured dedicated backoff parameter.

[0189] Embodiment 47 is a method including the subject matter of embodiments 44 to 46, including or omitting elements, wherein the dedicated fallback parameter is configured for each dedicated radio bearer (DRB), each resumption cause, each priority level, and each access identity associated with the data transmission.

[0190] Embodiment 48 is a method including the subject matter of embodiments 44 to 47, including or omitting elements, wherein the one or more processors are configured to determine that the first transmission was unsuccessful based on the backoff indicator indicated as part of the RAR associated with the RACH.

[0191] Embodiment 49 is a method including the subject matter of embodiments 44 to 48, including or omitting elements, wherein, when the first transmission is transmitted using a preconfigured grant, the first transmission is determined to be unsuccessful when an ACK feedback signal is not received from the base station during a predefined feedback window after the first transmission.

[0192] Embodiment 50 is a method including the subject matter of embodiments 44 to 49, including or omitting elements, wherein, when transmitting the first transmission using the preconfigured grant, the one or more processors are configured to determine the backoff timer value based on a backoff value obtained from a common channel during the predefined feedback window.

[0193] Embodiment 51 is a method including the subject matter of embodiments 44 to 50, including or omitting elements, wherein, when transmitting the first transmission using the preconfigured grant, the one or more processors are configured to determine the backoff timer value based on the obtained backoff value and a dedicated backoff factor configured for each access category, resumption cause, access identity, priority, or dedicated radio bearer (DRB).

[0194] Embodiment 52 is a method including the subject matter of embodiments 44 to 51, including or omitting elements, wherein, when transmitting the first transmission using the preconfigured grant, the one or more processors are configured to determine the backoff timer value based on a predefined backoff value configured for each access category, resumption cause, access identity, priority, or dedicated radio bearer (DRB).

[0195] Embodiment 53 is a method including the subject matter of embodiments 44 to 52, including or omitting elements, and further including performing one or more retransmissions of the first transmission in the inactive state of the UE after the backoff timer expires until the UE receives an indication that the previous retransmission was successful or until a maximum number of retransmissions is reached, wherein when the maximum number of retransmissions is reached and the corresponding retransmission is unsuccessful, the one or more processors mark the first transmission as failed.

[0196] Embodiment 54 is a method including the subject matter of embodiments 44 to 53, including or omitting elements, further comprising transitioning, using the one or more processors, the UE from the inactive state to a connected state when the first transmission is identified as a failure.

[0197] Embodiment 55 is a method including the subject matter of embodiments 44 to 54, including or omitting elements, and further including when the first transmission is identified as failed, starting a second backoff timer with a predefined second backoff timer value and performing the next retransmission of the first transmission when the second backoff timer expires.

[0198] Embodiment 56 is a method including the subject matter of embodiments 44 to 55, including or omitting elements, and further including, in response to providing the one or more direct transmissions including the first transmission to the base station, processing a stop indication signal received from the base station, wherein the stop indication signal instructs the UE to start a stop timer with an associated stop time value during which any direct transmission from the UE in the inactive state to the base station will be stopped; starting the stop timer; and stopping any direct transmission from the UE in the inactive state to the base station until the stop timer expires.

[0199] Embodiment 57 is a method including the subject matter of embodiments 44 to 56, including or omitting elements, and further comprising using the one or more processors to process a service configuration signal received from the base station, wherein the service configuration signal includes an indication of one or more service configurations associated with data transmissions allowed to be transmitted by the UE during an inactive state of the UE; and using the one or more processors to generate the direct transmission signal including the first transmission before providing the first transmission to the base station.

[0200] Embodiment 58 is a method including the subject matter of embodiments 44 to 57, including or omitting elements, wherein the first transmission includes a first medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) of the direct transmission signal, and wherein the first MAC PDU includes access control information, the access control information including one or more access control parameters associated with the direct transmission signal to facilitate access control at the base station.

[0201] Embodiment 59 is an apparatus configured for use in a base station, comprising one or more processors configured to generate a service configuration signal to be provided to a UE associated therewith, wherein the service configuration signal comprises an indication of one or more service configurations associated with data transmissions permitted to be transmitted by the UE during an inactive state of the UE; and to provide the service configuration signal to the UE.

[0202] Embodiment 60 is an apparatus including the subject matter of embodiment 59, wherein the one or more service configurations within the service configuration signal include one or more of the following indications: an indication of dedicated radio bearers (DRBs) that are allowed to be transmitted in an inactive state, an indication of whether radio resource control (RRC) / non-access stratum (NAS) transmissions are allowed in an inactive state, an indication of whether paging-triggered direct transmissions are allowed in the inactive state, an indication of which access categories and access identities are allowed to be transmitted in the inactive state, and an indication of a resumption reason that is allowed to be transmitted in the inactive state.

[0203] Embodiment 61 is an apparatus including the subject matter of embodiments 59 to 60, including or omitting elements, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to process a direct transmission of the UL data received from the UE during the inactive state of the UE, wherein the one or more service configurations associated with the direct transmission include a service configuration configured as part of the service configuration signal.

[0204] Embodiment 62 is an apparatus including the subject matter of embodiments 59 to 61, including or omitting elements, wherein the direct transmission of the UL data is received from the UE in the inactive state as part of a random access channel (RACH) procedure.

[0205] Embodiment 63 is an apparatus including the subject matter of embodiments 59 to 62, including or omitting elements, wherein the direct transmission of the UL data is received from the UE in the inactive state with a preconfigured grant.

[0206] Embodiment 64 is an apparatus including the subject matter of embodiments 59 to 63, including or omitting elements, wherein the service configuration signal comprises a dedicated signal to the UE.

[0207] Embodiment 65 is an apparatus including the subject matter of embodiments 59 to 64, including or omitting elements, wherein the service configuration signal comprises a broadcast signal.

[0208] Embodiment 66 is a method for a base station, comprising: using one or more processors to generate a service configuration signal to be provided to a UE associated therewith, wherein the service configuration signal includes an indication of one or more service configurations associated with data transmissions allowed to be transmitted by the UE during an inactive state of the UE; and using the one or more processors to provide the service configuration signal to the UE.

[0209] Embodiment 67 is a method including the subject matter of embodiment 66, wherein the one or more service configurations within the service configuration signal include one or more of the following indications: an indication of dedicated radio bearers (DRBs) that are allowed to be transmitted in an inactive state, an indication of whether radio resource control (RRC) / non-access stratum (NAS) transmissions are allowed in an inactive state, an indication of whether paging-triggered direct transmissions are allowed in the inactive state, an indication of which access categories and access identities are allowed to be transmitted in the inactive state, and an indication of a resumption reason that is allowed to be transmitted in the inactive state.

[0210] Embodiment 68 is a method including the subject matter of embodiments 66 to 67, including or omitting elements, and further comprising using the one or more processors to process a direct transmission of the UL data received from the UE during the inactive state of the UE, wherein one or more service configurations associated with the direct transmission include a service configuration configured as part of the service configuration signal.

[0211] Embodiment 69 is a method including the subject matter of embodiments 66 to 68, including or omitting an element, wherein the direct transmission of the UL data is received from the UE in the inactive state as part of a random access channel (RACH) procedure.

[0212] Embodiment 70 is a method including the subject matter of embodiments 66 to 69, including or omitting elements, wherein the direct transmission of the UL data is received from the UE in the inactive state with a preconfigured grant.

[0213] Embodiment 71 is a method including the subject matter of embodiments 66 to 70, including or omitting elements, wherein the service configuration signal comprises a dedicated signal to the UE.

[0214] Embodiment 72 is a method including the subject matter of embodiments 66 through 71, including or omitting elements, wherein the service configuration signal comprises a broadcast signal.

[0215] Embodiment 73 is a base station comprising one or more processors configured to receive a first transmission associated with a direct transmission signal from a user equipment (UE) during an inactive state of the UE, wherein the first transmission comprises a first medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) of the direct transmission signal, and wherein the first MAC PDU comprises access control information, the access control information comprising one or more access control parameters associated with the direct transmission signal; process the first transmission associated with the direct transmission signal; and control subsequent direct transmissions from the UE in the inactive state of the UE based on the access control information within the first transmission or network conditions, or both.

[0216] Embodiment 74 is a base station including the subject matter of embodiment 73, wherein the access control information is included in an access control (AC) MAC control element (CE) within the first MAC PDU.

[0217] Embodiment 75 is a base station including the subject matter of embodiments 73 to 74, including or omitting elements, wherein the access control information includes at least one of a restoration reason and a priority.

[0218] Embodiment 76 is a base station including the subject matter of embodiments 73 to 75, including or omitting elements, wherein the one or more processors are configured to, in response to processing the first transmission, based on the access control information within the first transmission or network conditions or both, not provide an AC feedback signal to the UE during a predefined access control (AC) feedback time window so as to deny subsequent data transmission from the UE in the inactive state of the UE.

[0219] Embodiment 77 is a base station including the subject matter of embodiments 73 to 76, including or omitting elements, wherein the one or more processors are configured to selectively provide a delay indication signal including a delay timer value to the UE based on the access control information or network conditions or both within the first transmission, wherein the delay indication signal indicates to the UE that a subsequent direct transmission from the UE in the inactive state to the base station is to be delayed by the delay timer value.

[0220] Embodiment 78 is a base station including the subject matter of embodiments 73 to 77, including or omitting elements, wherein the one or more processors are configured to selectively provide a fallback indication signal to the UE based on the access control information within the first transmission or network conditions, or both, wherein the fallback indication signal indicates to the UE to fall back to a conventional recovery procedure to transition the UE from the inactive state to the connected state.

[0221] Embodiment 79 is a base station including the subject matter of embodiments 73 to 78, including or omitting elements, wherein the one or more processors are configured to selectively provide a radio resource control (RRC) recovery / setup signal to the UE based on the access control information within the first transmission or network conditions, or both, wherein the RRC recovery / setup signal instructs the UE to transition from the inactive state to the connected state.

[0222] Embodiment 80 is a base station including the subject matter of embodiments 73 to 79, including or omitting elements, wherein the one or more processors are configured to provide a service configuration signal to the UE during the inactive state of the UE before receiving the first transmission associated with the direct transmission signal from the UE, wherein the service configuration signal includes an indication of one or more service configurations associated with data transmissions allowed to be transmitted by the UE during the inactive state of the UE.

[0223] Embodiment 81 is an apparatus configured for use in a base station, comprising one or more processors configured to receive a first transmission associated with a direct transmission signal from a user equipment (UE) during an inactive state of the UE, wherein the first transmission comprises a first medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) of the direct transmission signal, and wherein the first MAC PDU comprises access control information, the access control information comprising one or more access control parameters associated with the direct transmission signal; process the first transmission associated with the direct transmission signal; and control subsequent direct transmissions from the UE in the inactive state of the UE based on the access control information within the first transmission or network conditions, or both.

[0224] Embodiment 82 is an apparatus including the subject matter of embodiment 81, wherein the access control information is included in an access control (AC) MAC control element (CE) within the first MAC PDU.

[0225] Embodiment 83 is an apparatus including the subject matter of embodiments 81-82, including or omitting elements, wherein the access control information includes at least one of a restoration reason and a priority.

[0226] Embodiment 84 is an apparatus including the subject matter of embodiments 81 to 83, including or omitting elements, wherein the one or more processors are configured to, in response to processing the first transmission, based on the access control information within the first transmission or network conditions or both, not provide an AC feedback signal to the UE during a predefined access control (AC) feedback time window so as to deny subsequent data transmission from the UE in the inactive state of the UE.

[0227] Embodiment 85 is an apparatus including the subject matter of embodiments 81 to 84, including or omitting elements, wherein the one or more processors are configured to selectively provide a delay indication signal including a delay timer value to the UE based on the access control information or network conditions or both within the first transmission, wherein the delay indication signal indicates to the UE that a subsequent direct transmission from the UE in the inactive state to the base station is to be delayed by the delay timer value.

[0228] Embodiment 86 is an apparatus including the subject matter of embodiments 81 to 85, including or omitting elements, wherein the one or more processors are configured to selectively provide a fallback indication signal to the UE based on the access control information within the first transmission or network conditions, or both, wherein the fallback indication signal indicates to the UE to fall back to a conventional recovery process to transition the UE from the inactive state to the connected state.

[0229] Embodiment 87 is an apparatus including the subject matter of embodiments 81 to 86, including or omitting elements, wherein the one or more processors are configured to selectively provide a radio resource control (RRC) resume / setup signal to the UE based on the access control information within the first transmission or network conditions, or both, wherein the RRC resume / setup signal instructs the UE to transition from the inactive state to the connected state.

[0230] Embodiment 88 is an apparatus including the subject matter of embodiments 81 to 87, including or omitting elements, wherein the one or more processors are configured to provide a service configuration signal to the UE during the inactive state of the UE before receiving the first transmission associated with the direct transmission signal from the UE, wherein the service configuration signal includes an indication of one or more service configurations associated with data transmissions allowed to be transmitted by the UE during the inactive state of the UE.

[0231] Embodiment 89 is a base station comprising one or more processors configured to process one or more direct transmissions associated with a direct transmission signal from a user equipment (UE), determine whether to allow subsequent direct transmissions from the UE in the inactive state based on network conditions; and when it is determined that the subsequent direct transmission from the UE in the inactive state is not allowed, provide a stop indication signal to the UE, wherein the stop indication signal instructs the UE to start a stop timer with an associated stop time value, during which any direct transmission from the UE in the inactive state to the base station will be stopped.

[0232] Embodiment 90 is a base station including the subject matter of embodiment 89, wherein, when a first transmission of the direct transmission signal cannot be successfully processed at the base station, the one or more processors are configured to provide an indication to the UE that the first transmission was unsuccessful.

[0233] Embodiment 91 is a base station including the subject matter of embodiments 89 to 90, including or omitting elements, wherein, when the first transmission is performed via a random access channel (RACH), the one or more processors are configured to provide an indication to the UE that the first transmission was unsuccessful based on a backoff indicator (BI) within a random access response (RAR) message associated therewith.

[0234] Embodiment 92 is a base station including the subject matter of embodiments 89 to 91, including or omitting elements, wherein the first transmission of the direct transmission signal includes a first medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) of the direct transmission signal, and wherein the first MAC PDU includes access control information, the access control information including one or more access control parameters associated with the direct transmission signal.

[0235] Embodiment 93 is a base station including the subject matter of embodiments 89 to 92, including or omitting elements, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to provide a service configuration signal to the UE prior to processing the one or more direct transmissions associated with the direct transmission signal from the UE, wherein the service configuration signal includes one or more service configurations associated with data transmissions allowed to be transmitted by the UE during an inactive state of the UE.

[0236] Embodiment 94 is a method for a base station, comprising: processing, using one or more processors, one or more direct transmissions associated with direct transmission signals from a user equipment (UE) during an inactive state of the UE; determining, using the one or more processors, based on network conditions, whether to allow subsequent direct transmissions from the UE in the inactive state; and providing, using the one or more processors, a stop indication signal to the UE when it is determined that the subsequent direct transmission from the UE in the inactive state is not allowed, wherein the stop indication signal instructs the UE to start a stop timer having an associated stop time value, during which any direct transmission from the UE in the inactive state to the base station will be stopped.

[0237] Embodiment 95 is a method including the subject matter of embodiment 94, further comprising providing an indication to the UE that the first transmission was unsuccessful when the first transmission of the direct transmission signal cannot be successfully processed at the base station.

[0238] Embodiment 96 is a method including the subject matter of embodiments 94 to 95, including or omitting elements, wherein, when the first transmission is performed via a random access channel (RACH), the one or more processors are configured to provide an indication to the UE that the first transmission was unsuccessful based on a backoff indicator (BI) within a random access response (RAR) message associated therewith.

[0239] Embodiment 97 is a method including the subject matter of embodiments 94 to 96, including or omitting elements, wherein the first transmission of the direct transfer signal includes a first medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) of the direct transfer signal, and wherein the first MAC PDU includes access control information, the access control information including one or more access control parameters associated with the direct transfer signal.

[0240] Embodiment 98 is a method including the subject matter of embodiments 94 to 97, including or omitting elements, and further comprising providing a service configuration signal to the UE prior to processing the one or more direct transmissions associated with the direct transmission signal from the UE, wherein the service configuration signal includes one or more service configurations associated with data transmissions allowed to be transmitted by the UE during the inactive state of the UE.

[0241] While the present invention has been shown and described with respect to one or more specific embodiments, changes and / or modifications may be made to the illustrated examples without departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims. In particular, with respect to the various functions performed by the aforementioned components or structures (assemblies, devices, circuits, systems, etc.), unless otherwise indicated, terms used to describe such components (including references to "means") are intended to correspond to any component or structure that performs the specified function of the component (e.g., functionally equivalent), even if not structurally equivalent to the disclosed structure that performs the function in the exemplary implementations of the invention illustrated herein.

[0242] The above description of exemplary aspects of the disclosed subject matter, including what is described in the Abstract, is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosed aspects to the precise forms disclosed. Although specific aspects and embodiments are described herein for illustrative purposes, various modifications are contemplated within the scope of such aspects and embodiments, as those skilled in the relevant art will recognize.

Claims

1. A baseband processor for a base station BS, configured to perform operations when executing instructions stored in a memory, the operations comprising: providing a service configuration signal to a radio frequency (RF) interface for transmission to a user equipment (UE), wherein the service configuration signal includes an indication of whether transmission of radio resource control (RRC) / non-access stratum (NAS) signaling by the UE is permitted during an inactive state of the UE; receiving a direct transmission signal from the UE during an inactive state of the UE, wherein the direct transmission signal includes one or more access control parameters, the one or more access control parameters including a resumption cause; controlling subsequent direct transmissions from the UE during the inactive state of the UE based on the one or more access control parameters; and An uplink (UL) transmission is received from the UE as one of the subsequent direct transmissions during the inactive state of the UE, wherein the UL transmission includes RRC / NAS signaling indicated in the serving configuration signal. 2 . The baseband (BB) processor of claim 1 , wherein the service configuration signal further comprises an indication of one or more data radio bearers (DRBs) that allow the UE to transmit data during the inactive state of the UE.

3. The baseband (BB) processor of claim 1 , wherein the UL transmission is received from the UE during the inactive state as part of a random access channel (RACH) procedure.

4. The baseband (BB) processor of claim 1 , wherein the UL transmission is received from the UE on a pre-configured Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) resource during the inactive state. 5 . The baseband (BB) processor of claim 1 , wherein the service configuration signal comprises a dedicated signal to the UE. 6 . The baseband BB processor according to claim 4 , wherein the pre-configured PUSCH resources comprise granted resources of type 1 configuration.

7. A baseband processor for a base station, configured to perform operations when executing instructions stored in a memory, the operations comprising: receiving a direct transmission signal from a user equipment (UE) during an inactive state of the UE, wherein the direct transmission signal comprises one or more access control parameters, the one or more access control parameters comprising a resumption cause; and Subsequent direct transmissions from the UE during the inactive state of the UE are controlled based on the one or more access control parameters. 8 . The baseband (BB) processor according to claim 7 , wherein the one or more access control parameters are included in an access control (AC) medium access control (MAC) element (CE) within a MAC PDU. 9 . The baseband (BB) processor according to claim 7 , wherein the one or more access control parameters further comprise a priority.

10. The baseband (BB) processor of claim 7, wherein the operations further comprise not providing an AC feedback signal to the UE during a predefined access control (AC) feedback time window based on the one or more access control parameters, so as to deny subsequent data transmission from the UE during the inactive state of the UE.

11. The baseband (BB) processor of claim 7 , wherein the operations further comprise providing a delay indication signal including a delay timer value to a radio frequency (RF) interface for transmission to the UE based on the one or more access control parameters, wherein the delay indication signal indicates to the UE that a subsequent direct transmission to the base station during the inactive state of the UE is to be delayed by the delay timer value.

12. The baseband (BB) processor of claim 7 , wherein the operations further comprise providing a fallback indication signal to a radio frequency (RF) interface based on the one or more access control parameters for transmission to the UE, wherein the fallback indication signal instructs the UE to fall back to a conventional recovery procedure for transmitting a subsequent direct transmission to the base station.

13. The baseband (BB) processor of claim 7, wherein the operations further comprise providing a radio resource control (RRC) resume / setup signal to a radio frequency (RF) interface based on the one or more access control parameters for transmission to the UE, so as to cause the UE to transition from the inactive state to a connected state.

14. The baseband (BB) processor of claim 7, wherein the operations further comprise providing a service configuration signal to a radio frequency (RF) interface for transmission to the UE before receiving the direct transmission signal from the UE, wherein the service configuration signal comprises an indication of one or more service types that allow the UE to transmit data during the inactive state of the UE.

15. A baseband (BB) processor for a base station, configured to perform operations when executing instructions stored in a memory, the operations comprising: receiving one or more direct transmissions associated with direct transmission signals from a user equipment, UE, during an inactive state of the UE, determining, based on network conditions, that subsequent direct transmissions from the UE are not allowed during the inactive state of the UE; as well as In response to determining that the subsequent direct transmission from the UE is not allowed during the inactive state of the UE, providing a stop indication signal to a radio frequency (RF) interface for transmission to the UE, wherein the stop indication signal instructs the UE to start a stop timer with an associated stop time value, during which any direct transmission from the UE in the inactive state to the base station is to be stopped.

16. The baseband BB processor according to claim 15, wherein: The operations also include providing, in response to unsuccessful reception of the first transmission of the direct transmission signal at the base station, an indication to the UE that the first transmission was unsuccessful.

17. The baseband BB processor according to claim 16, wherein: When the first transmission is performed via a random access channel (RACH), the operation further includes providing an indication that the first transmission is unsuccessful to the UE based on a backoff indicator (BI) within a random access response (RAR) message associated therewith.

18. The baseband (BB) processor of claim 15, wherein the first transmission of the direct transfer signal comprises a first medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU), the first MAC PDU comprising one or more access control parameters associated with the direct transfer signal.

19. The baseband (BB) processor according to claim 15, wherein the operations further comprise: Prior to receiving the one or more direct transmissions associated with the direct transmission signal from the UE, a service configuration signal is provided to a radio frequency (RF) interface for transmission to the UE, wherein the service configuration signal includes an indication of one or more service types that allow data transmission by the UE during an inactive state of the UE.

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