Aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersion, its preparation method and application

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of aqueous polyurethane dispersions, and particularly relates to an aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersion, a preparation method and an application thereof; the aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersion comprises water, a polyurethane or polyurethane-urea polymer, and a non-isocyanate reactive emulsifier; the polyurethane or polyurethane-urea polymer is a product obtained by reacting raw materials comprising the following components: a) an isocyanate, b) a diol and / or a polyol, c) a compound containing at least one tertiary amine group and at least one NCO-reactive functional group, d) an isocyanate-reactive emulsifier, and optionally e) an amino- and / or hydroxy-functional compound. The aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersion of the present invention simultaneously has a high solid content, a low viscosity, a smaller particle size of the product, and better stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of aqueous polyurethane dispersions, and particularly relates to an aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersion, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] As a green and environmentally friendly polymer material, aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersions have been widely used in fields such as coatings, adhesives, and textile coatings due to their excellent brushing properties, outstanding initial adhesion and peel strength, and excellent resistance. Currently, the solid content of aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersions widely used in the industry is relatively low, usually 20% - 40%; a low solid content of the dispersion will increase the packaging and transportation costs of the product, and at the same time, it also limits the application of aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersions in some fields, such as the adhesive field, where a solid content of more than 45% is usually required. Therefore, the production of products with ultra-high solid content (for example, more than 55%) is an important development direction for aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersions.

[0003] There are also some problems in the process of preparing aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersions with high solid content. For example, the spatial packing density of the particles of aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersions is limited, which will result in a high viscosity of the dispersion and high production costs during the production process, and a high system viscosity will further lead to emulsion instability. Therefore, it is necessary to develop aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersions with high solid content and low viscosity and their production processes.

[0004] In current research, the preparation process of aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersions with high solid content generally considers increasing the spatial packing density of the latex particles of the dispersion and reducing the hydration layer, and makes improvements by changing the basic formula, emulsification process, etc. For example, Wei Xiaoli et al. (Preparation of high-solid-content polyurethane emulsion with sulfonic acid-type hydrophilic chain extender [J]. Acta Polymerica Sinica, 2010, 33(1): 29 - 32.) synthesized a sulfonic acid-type aqueous polyurethane dispersion with a solid content as high as 61% using sodium 1,2-dihydroxy-3-propanesulfonate (DHPA) as the hydrophilic chain extender. However, the prepared aqueous polyurethane product has problems such as large particle size and poor water resistance while increasing the solid content, which limits the application of the product.

[0005] Patent document CN 103897135 A discloses a method for preparing a high-solid-content aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersion. According to the different hydrophilicities between two prepolymers, the prepared high-solid-content aqueous polyurethane emulsion particles have a core-shell structure. However, to obtain latex particles with a core-shell structure, the process conditions and operation control are very demanding. It is necessary to strictly control the mass ratio of the two prepolymers, and the difference between the hydrophilic chain extenders in the two prepolymers also needs to be strictly controlled. Otherwise, it is not easy to form a core-shell structure, and the stability of the emulsion is poor, which poses a great challenge for the popularization and application of this product.

[0006] Patent document CN 109354671 A discloses a method for preparing a high-solid-content and low-viscosity aqueous polyurethane emulsion. First, a first prepolymer is prepared using polyether diol or polyester diol, isocyanate, lipophilic chain extender, and hydrophilic chain extender as raw materials. After water addition emulsification and re-chain extension reaction, a small-particle-size aqueous polyurethane emulsion with a relatively low solid content and small particle size is obtained; then, according to the method for preparing the first prepolymer, the amount of hydrophilic chain extender is reduced to prepare a second prepolymer, water is added for emulsification, and the small-particle-size aqueous polyurethane emulsion is added, followed by re-chain extension reaction to prepare a high-solid-content and low-viscosity aqueous polyurethane emulsion. However, the solid content of the prepared aqueous polyurethane dispersion is lower than 54%, and the product has a relatively large particle size and a wide particle size distribution.

[0007] Patent document CN 107602809 A discloses a high-solid-content aqueous polyurethane dispersion based on amino carboxylate and amino sulfonate simultaneously. First, polymer diol, small molecule polyol, diisocyanate, and other substances are added into a reactor to generate a prepolymer. After the prepolymer is generated, acetone is used to reduce the system viscosity; then, a first chain extension reaction is carried out with an amino carboxylate hydrophilic chain extender, a neutralizing agent is added to adjust the pH, then deionized water is added as a solvent, and an amino sulfonate hydrophilic chain extender and other substances are added for a second chain extension to prepare an aqueous polyurethane dispersion. The prepared aqueous polyurethane dispersion has a relatively small particle size, good stability, and high product strength, but its solid content is lower than 47%, the drying speed is fast, the construction energy consumption is high, and it is difficult to promote.

[0008] Those skilled in the art are well aware that increasing the solid content of a dispersion will affect its viscosity characteristics. The aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersions prepared by existing preparation processes can, to a certain extent, achieve the characteristics of low viscosity or high solid content, but cannot simultaneously achieve the characteristics of high solid content and low viscosity, or need to sacrifice the emulsion particle size or product stability while improving high solid content and low viscosity. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a preparation process for an aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersion that can simultaneously achieve high solid content and low viscosity. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The object of the present invention is to provide an aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersion, a preparation method and an application thereof, aiming at the problem that it is difficult to balance the high solid content, low viscosity, particle size and stability of the dispersion prepared by the prior art. The preparation process of the aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersion is simple. By introducing a tertiary amine fragment into the polymer resin molecular chain and combining the resin containing the tertiary amine fragment with a non-isocyanate reactive emulsifier, the obtained aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersion can simultaneously have a high solid content, low viscosity, a smaller particle size of the product and better stability.

[0010] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0011] In one aspect, an aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersion is provided, which comprises water, a polyurethane or polyurethane-urea polymer and a non-isocyanate reactive emulsifier;

[0012] Wherein, the polyurethane or polyurethane-urea polymer is a product obtained by reacting raw materials comprising the following components:

[0013] a) Isocyanate,

[0014] b) Diol and / or polyol,

[0015] c) A compound containing at least one tertiary amine group and at least one NCO-reactive functional group,

[0016] d) An isocyanate-reactive emulsifier, which contains at least one hydroxyl group and / or amino group that can react with isocyanate, and

[0017] Optionally, e) Amino-functional compound and / or hydroxyl-functional compound; the amino-functional compound is at least one of a monoamino-functional compound, a diamino-functional compound and a triamino-functional compound;

[0018] In the aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersion, f) the non-isocyanate reactive emulsifier is an ionic-nonionic emulsifier containing an ionic hydrophilic group, a nonionic hydrophilic group and a hydrophobic group, and the groups are connected by chemical bonds. A typical product of component f) is preferably an anionic-nonionic emulsifier.

[0019] According to the aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersion provided by the present invention, in some embodiments, based on the solid weight of each component in the aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersion, the percentage of the amount of components a)-f) is as follows:

[0020] The dosage of component a) is 5 to 40 wt% (for example, 7 wt%, 10 wt%, 15 wt%, 20 wt%, 25 wt%, 32 wt%, 38 wt%), preferably 8 to 30 wt%;

[0021] The dosage of component b) is 50 to 94 wt% (for example, 55 wt%, 60 wt%, 65 wt%, 75 wt%, 80 wt%, 85 wt%), preferably 70 - 90 wt%;

[0022] The dosage of component c) is 0.1 to 2.5 wt% (for example, 0.2 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 0.8 wt%, 1 wt%, 1.5 wt%, 1.8 wt%), preferably 0.4 to 2 wt%;

[0023] The dosage of component d) is 0.2 to 15 wt% (for example, 0.4 wt%, 0.8 wt%, 1 wt%, 2 wt%, 4 wt%, 6 wt%, 8 wt%, 12 wt%), preferably 0.5 to 10 wt%;

[0024] The dosage of component e) is 0 to 10 wt% (for example, 0.1 wt%, 0.4 wt%, 0.8 wt%, 1 wt%, 2 wt%, 4 wt%, 6 wt%, 8 wt%), preferably 0.5 to 5 wt%;

[0025] The dosage of component f) is 0.5 to 5.5 wt% (for example, 0.6 wt%, 0.8 wt%, 1 wt%, 2 wt%, 3 wt%, 4 wt%, 4.5 wt%, 5.2 wt%), preferably 1 to 5 wt%.

[0026] For the aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane - urea dispersion provided by the present invention, the isocyanate of component a) is an organic compound having at least two isocyanate groups.

[0027] In some embodiments, component a) is a diisocyanate and / or polyisocyanate, preferably a diisocyanate.

[0028] The diisocyanate may include but is not limited to tetramethylene diisocyanate, pentamethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, dodecamethylene diisocyanate, 1,4 - cyclohexane diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, 4,4'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, 4,4'-dicyclohexylpropane diisocyanate, 1,4 - phenylene diisocyanate, 2,4 - toluene diisocyanate, 2,6 - toluene diisocyanate, 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 2,2'- and 2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, tetramethylxylene diisocyanate, p - phenylene dimethyl diisocyanate, and mixtures thereof.

[0029] In addition to the above-mentioned diisocyanates, polyisocyanates having more than 2 isocyanate groups per molecule are also suitable. For example, polyisocyanates prepared by modification of aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic or aromatic diisocyanates or polyisocyanates synthesized from at least two diisocyanates (which have uretdione, isocyanurate, carbamate, urethane, biuret, carbodiimide, iminooxadiazinedione and / or oxadiazinetrione structures).

[0030] For example, component a) is an aliphatic diisocyanate and / or a cycloaliphatic diisocyanate. In some embodiments, the diisocyanate is selected from hexamethylene diisocyanate, 1,4-cyclohexane diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, 4,4'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, 4,4'-dicyclohexylpropane diisocyanate and mixtures thereof, preferably selected from 1,4-cyclohexane diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, 4,4'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate and mixtures thereof.

[0031] More preferably, component a) is selected from a mixture of hexamethylene diisocyanate and isophorone diisocyanate, or a mixture of hexamethylene diisocyanate and 4,4'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate.

[0032] In some embodiments, the number average molecular weight of component b) is 20 - 15000 (for example, 100, 500, 1000, 3000, 5000, 8000, 10000), preferably 80 - 4000; and its functionality is at least 2.

[0033] Preferably, component b) is selected from one or more of polyester polyols, polycarbonate polyols, polylactone polyols having a number average molecular weight of 400 to 4000 and a functionality of 2 to 3, and small molecule polyols having a number average molecular weight of 80 to 400 and a functionality of 2 to 4.

[0034] Suitable polyester polyols are linear or slightly branched polyester diols (containing a small amount of polyester polyols with functionality greater than 3). For example, they can be obtained by known means from carboxylic acids and / or acid anhydrides (such as aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic dicarboxylic acids or polycarboxylic acids or their corresponding acid anhydrides, etc.) and polyols through a dehydration condensation reaction; examples of the carboxylic acids and / or acid anhydrides include, but are not limited to, succinic acid, methylsuccinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, nonanedicarboxylic acid, decanedicarboxylic acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, phthalic acid, tetrahydrophthalic acid, hexahydrophthalic acid, cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, malonic acid, trimellitic acid, phthalic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, succinic anhydride or mixtures thereof; in the dehydration condensation reaction, examples of the suitable polyols include, but are not limited to, ethylene glycol, 1,2 - propanediol, propylene glycol, 1,3 - propanediol, 1,4 - butanediol, 1,3 - butanediol, 2,3 - butanediol, 1,5 - pentanediol, 1,6 - hexanediol, 2,2 - dimethyl - 1,3 - propanediol, 1,4 - dihydroxycyclohexane, 1,4 - bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexane, 1,8 - octanediol, 1,10 - decanediol, 1,12 - dodecanediol or mixtures thereof. Optionally, polyols with higher functionality, such as trimethylolpropane, glycerol or pentaerythritol, can be added in the dehydration condensation reaction. Alicyclic and aromatic dihydroxy compounds and / or polyhydroxy compounds are also suitable as the polyols for preparing the polyester polyols. Polyester polyols preferably selected from those containing isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid or adipic acid, and neopentyl glycol, ethylene glycol, butanediol or hexanediol as structural components.

[0035] The polyester polyols can also be homopolymers or copolymers of lactones, which can be obtained by ring - opening reactions of lactones or mixtures of lactones with suitable difunctional and / or higher - functional low - molecular - weight polyols. Among them, lactones, such as butyrolactone, ε - caprolactone, methyl - ε - caprolactone and mixtures thereof; low - molecular - weight polyols, such as the low - molecular - weight polyols listed above as structural components of the polyester polyols. Polyester polyols preferably selected from the linear ones obtained by ring - opening of ε - caprolactone with 1,4 - butanediol, 1,6 - hexanediol, 2,2 - dimethyl - 1,3 - propanediol or mixtures thereof.

[0036] Examples of suitable low-molecular-weight polyols having a number-average molecular weight of 80 to 400 and a functionality of 2 to 4 include, but are not limited to, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol (NPG), 1,4-dihydroxycyclohexane, 1,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexane, 1,8-octanediol, 1,10-decanediol, 1,12-dodecanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,4-cyclohexanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,4-dihydroxybenzene, 1,3-dihydroxybenzene, 1,2-dihydroxybenzene, 2,2-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane (bisphenol A), trimethylolpropane, glycerol, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, or mixtures thereof, preferably one or more of 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, and trimethylolpropane.

[0037] In the present invention, component c) contains a tertiary amine group, and thus, component c) imparts a polyurethane or polyurethane-urea polymer with a tertiary amine group in the main chain or side chain. Additionally, component c) also contains at least one NCO-reactive functional group.

[0038] In some embodiments, the NCO-reactive functional group contained in component c) is selected from at least one of an amino group and a hydroxyl group, preferably the NCO-reactive functional group contained is two amino groups, two hydroxyl groups, or one amino group and one hydroxyl group; preferably, the amino group is a primary amino group and / or a secondary amino group. For example, the NCO-reactive functional group is selected from one or more of a hydroxyl group, a primary amino group, and a secondary amino group. Component c) is preferably a tertiary amine component having at least one NCO-reactive functional group selected from a primary amino group, a secondary amino group, and a hydroxyl group.

[0039] In some preferred embodiments, component c) is selected from one or more of N-aminoethylpiperazine, N-hydroxyethylpiperazine, N,N-dimethyldiethylenetriamine, N-methyldiethanolamine, N-ethyldiethanolamine, 1,4-bis(aminopropyl)piperazine, N-methylpiperazine, N-ethylpiperazine, and N,N-dimethylethanolamine, more preferably selected from one or more of N-aminoethylpiperazine, N-hydroxyethylpiperazine, N,N-dimethyldiethylenetriamine, N-methyldiethanolamine, N-ethyldiethanolamine, and 1,4-bis(aminopropyl)piperazine.

[0040] According to the present invention, the main chain or side chain of the polyurethane or polyurethane-urea polymer contains a tertiary amine group (i.e., contains a tertiary amine fragment). In some embodiments, in the aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersion, the polyurethane or polyurethane-urea polymer contains a structural unit represented by the following formula (I):

[0041]

[0042] Among them, R is the residue after the NCO-reactive functional group of component c) is removed.

[0043] In the present invention, the expression "isocyanate-reactive" for component d) mainly means that it contains 2 to 3 NCO-reactive groups. Preferably, the NCO-reactive groups are selected from hydroxyl groups and / or amino groups.

[0044] Component d) is a compound containing 2 to 3 NCO-reactive groups and containing at least one ionic group, latent ionic group or non-ionic group. Among them, the latent ionic group refers to a functional group with a covalent bond, which is easily converted into the corresponding salt with the change of the pH of its solution by adding a neutralizing agent.

[0045] Preferably, the latent ionic group can be an acid group; the acid group is selected from carboxyl group (-COOH) and / or sulfonic acid group (-SO3H).

[0046] Preferably, the ionic group includes carboxylate (-COO - ) and / or sulfonate (-SO 3- ).

[0047] Examples of component d) include, but are not limited to, one or more of dihydroxycarboxylic acids, trihydroxycarboxylic acids, dihydroxy sulfonic acids, trihydroxy sulfonic acids, diamino sulfonic acids, triamino sulfonic acids, diamino carboxylic acids, triamino carboxylic acids and their salts; preferably selected from one or more of dimethylolpropionic acid, dimethylolbutyric acid, dimethylolacetic acid, dihydroxysuccinic acid, N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid, N-(3-aminopropyl)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid, N-(3-aminopropyl)-3-aminopropanesulfonic acid, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropanesulfonic acid and their alkali metal salts or ammonium salts.

[0048] If a compound containing 2 to 3 NCO-reactive groups and containing a latent ionic group is used as component d), the neutralizing agent can be added before, during or after the dispersion treatment. The amount of the neutralizing agent added is such that the latent ionic group becomes partially or completely an ionic group. Suitable neutralizing agents are, for example, one or more of primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines, alkali metal compounds and alkaline earth metal compounds. Preferably, examples of suitable neutralizing agents include, but are not limited to, ammonia, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, dimethylethanolamine, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, morpholine, N-methylmorpholine, dimethylisopropylamine, N-methyldiethanolamine, triethylamine, dimethylcyclohexylamine, ethyldiisopropylamine, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide.

[0049] Component d) can also be a bifunctional hydrophilic compound containing nonionic groups. For example, it can be a difunctional polyether, such as a dehydration condensation product of homopolymers of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, tetrahydrofuran, butylene oxide, epichlorohydrin, copolymers of epichlorohydrin, graft products of epichlorohydrin, polyols or mixtures thereof, and polyether diols obtained by alkoxylation of diols, diamines and monoamino alcohols; wherein the number of ethylene oxide units in each molecule is 4 to 200, preferably 12 to 75. For example, it can also be a polyfunctional polyethoxy ether, such as using pentaerythritol or sugar as the initiator, and the polymerization units are one or both of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide (preferably ethylene oxide); wherein the number of ethylene oxide units in each molecule is 4 to 200, preferably 12 to 75.

[0050] In some embodiments, component d) is preferably a polyethoxy ether with a number average molecular weight of 200 to 8000 and 4 to 200 ethylene oxide units, more preferably a difunctional polyethoxy ether with a number average molecular weight of 500 to 3000 and 12 to 75 ethylene oxide units.

[0051] Component d) can also be a monofunctional nonionic hydrophilic compound, for example, a monofunctional polyethoxy ether; preferably a polyoxyalkylene ether containing one hydroxyl group or one amino group. The polymerization unit of the polyoxyalkylene ether is propylene oxide and / or ethylene oxide (preferably ethylene oxide); wherein the number of ethylene oxide units in each molecule is 4 to 200, preferably 12 to 75.

[0052] In some preferred embodiments, component d) is selected from one or more of N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethanesulfonate, dimethylolpropionate, monohydroxy hydrophilic polyether and monoamino hydrophilic polyether.

[0053] For example, component d) can be Ymer 120 from Perstop or MPEG1200 of Lotte Korea Polyethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether.

[0054] In some embodiments, component e) is selected from one or more of aliphatic primary monoamines, aliphatic secondary monoamines, cycloaliphatic primary monoamines, cycloaliphatic secondary monoamines, amino alcohols, aliphatic diamines, cycloaliphatic diamines, aliphatic triamines, cycloaliphatic triamines and hydrazine, preferably selected from one or more of isophorone diamine, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine and 1,6-hexamethylenediamine.

[0055] In the present invention, the expression "non-isocyanate-reactive" mentioned for component f) can be understood as that this component does not contain NCO-reactive groups.

[0056] In some embodiments, the ionic hydrophilic groups contained in component f) are selected from at least one of carboxylate groups, sulfate groups, sulfonate groups, and phosphate groups. For example, they are potassium salts, sodium salts, or ammonium salts thereof; the ionic hydrophilic groups are preferably one or more of sodium carboxylate, sodium sulfate, and sodium sulfonate.

[0057] In some embodiments, the non-ionic hydrophilic groups contained in component f) are selected from ethylene oxide polyethers and / or copolyethers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, preferably ethylene oxide polyethers; each non-ionic hydrophilic group contains 1 to 50 ethylene oxide units, preferably 3 to 25.

[0058] In some embodiments, the hydrophobic groups contained in component f) are aliphatic hydrocarbon segments or alicyclic hydrocarbon segments, preferably aliphatic hydrocarbon segments with 5 to 20 carbon atoms.

[0059] In some preferred embodiments, component f) is selected from one or more of sodium tridecyl polyoxyethylene ether (containing 3 ethylene oxide units), sodium isomeric tridecyl polyoxyethylene ether (containing 20 ethylene oxide units), and sodium undecyl polyoxyethylene ether (containing 7 ethylene oxide units).

[0060] The present invention utilizes the principle of reducing the double-layer thickness of latex particles to endow the dispersion with the characteristic of high solid content. The tertiary amine segments introduced into the polyurethane or polyurethane-urea segments can absorb the cationic salts present on the surface of the latex particles formed by the carbon dioxide generated from the reaction of isocyanate groups with water to reduce the hydration layer thickness. At the same time, by dispersing ionic-non-ionic emulsifiers outside the latex particles, the hydration layer thickness is further reduced. The combined effect of these two aspects increases the spatial packing density of the latex particles in the dispersion. By efficiently reducing the hydration layer thickness from both the inside and outside of the latex particles, a high-solid-content and low-viscosity aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersion is prepared.

[0061] In some embodiments of the present invention, the solid content of the aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersion is 55 to 61 wt% (for example, 56 wt%, 58 wt%, 60 wt%), the viscosity at 25 °C is 800 - 4000 mPa·s (for example, 1000 mPa·s, 1500 mPa·s, 2000 mPa·s, 3000 mPa·s), and the average particle size is 170 - 250 nm (for example, 180 nm, 200 nm, 240 nm).

[0062] In another aspect, a method for preparing the above-mentioned aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersion is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0063] (1) Mix and react component a), component b) and component d) in one or more steps to form a prepolymer with terminal isocyanate groups; wherein component d) is an emulsifier containing at least one hydroxyl group reactive with isocyanate.

[0064] (2) Mix and react the prepolymer with component c), component d) and optionally component e) in a one-stage or two-stage reaction; wherein component d) is an emulsifier containing at least one amino group reactive with isocyanate.

[0065] (3) Add water to the system for dispersion, and optionally use a solvent for dilution, the solvent being capable of being removed in part or in whole by distillation during or after dispersion; component f) is added at any stage before, during, after dispersion or after removal of the solvent to prepare the aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersion.

[0066] In some embodiments, the preparation method comprises the following steps:

[0067] (1) Mix and react component a), component b) and component d) (if component d) is dimethylolpropionate and / or monohydroxy hydrophilic polyether) in one or more steps to form a prepolymer with terminal isocyanate groups.

[0068] (2) Mix and react the prepolymer with component c), component d) (if component d) is N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethanesulfonate and / or monoamino hydrophilic polyether) and optionally component e) in a one-stage or two-stage reaction.

[0069] (3) Add water to the system for dispersion, and optionally use a solvent for dilution, the solvent being capable of being removed in part or in whole by distillation during or after dispersion; component f) is added at any stage before, during, after dispersion or after removal of the solvent to prepare the aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersion.

[0070] The preparation of the aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersion of the present invention can be carried out in one or more stages in a homogeneous phase, or partially in a dispersed phase in the case of a multi-stage reaction. After complete or partial polymerization reaction, there are dispersion, emulsification or dissolution steps. Optionally, polyaddition or modification can be further carried out in the dispersed phase after these steps.

[0071] In the method for preparing the dispersion, suitable solvents may be one or more of acetone, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, acetonitrile, dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether, and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. They can be added not only at the beginning of the preparation, but also during or after the reaction, and can be added in batches. Preferred solvents are acetone and / or methyl ethyl ketone, and more preferably acetone.

[0072] The degree of conversion is usually monitored by tracking the NCO content of the reaction mixture. For this purpose, spectroscopic measurements (such as infrared or near-infrared spectra, determination of refractive index) and potentiometric titration (such as chemical titration of the removed sample) can be carried out, and potentiometric titration is preferred.

[0073] Conventional catalysts can be catalysts known to those of ordinary skill in the art for accelerating the reaction of NCO with OH. The catalysts are preferably selected from dibutyltin dilaurate, bismuth neodecanoate, and bismuth 2-ethylhexanoate.

[0074] The optionally used organic solvent (such as acetone) can be partially or completely distilled off during and / or after the dispersion.

[0075] The aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersion obtained by the preparation of the present invention can be used alone or in combination with auxiliary substances and additives known in the coating and adhesive technologies. For example, it can be used together with emulsifiers, light stabilizers (such as UV absorbers and sterically hindered amines (HALS)), antioxidants, fillers, anti-settling agents, defoamers, wetting agents, flow regulators, reactive diluents, plasticizers, neutralizing agents, catalysts, auxiliary solvents, thickeners, pigments, dyes, matting agents, tackifiers, etc.

[0076] Additives and / or adjuvants can be added before or after the polymerization. However, additives and / or adjuvants can also be added after the dispersion.

[0077] In another aspect, there is also provided an application of the aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersion as described above or the aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersion prepared by the preparation method as described above in the fields of coatings, sealants, coating agents, and adhesives.

[0078] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the technical solution of the present invention are as follows:

[0079] The present invention combines component c) with component f), and can increase the space packing density of the latex particles of the dispersion by efficiently reducing the thickness of the hydration layer from both the inside and outside of the latex particles. In this way, the prepared aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersion has both high solid content and low viscosity at the same time; in addition, the obtained dispersion has good stability. Detailed implementation mode

[0080] In order to be able to understand the technical features and content of the present invention in detail, the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below. Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in the examples, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein.

[0081] <Raw material source>

[0082] Isocyanate I: Hexamethylene diisocyanate ( HDI, Wanhua Chemical),

[0083] Isocyanate II: Isophorone diisocyanate ( IPDI, Wanhua Chemical);

[0084] Polyester I: Poly(1,4-butanediol adipate) diol, OH value = 56 mg KOH / g ( WHP-204, Wanhua Chemical);

[0085] N-Aminoethylpiperazine (Jinjinle Chemical),

[0086] 1,4-Bis(aminopropyl)piperazine (Alfa Aesar);

[0087] Polyether I: Monofunctional polyethoxy ether with an average molecular weight of 1200 g / mol (MPEG1200, LOTTECHEM),

[0088] N-(2-Aminoethyl)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Vestamin A95, Evonik);

[0089] Hydroxyethyl ethylenediamine, i.e., N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine (Yangzi BASF);

[0090] Emulsifier I: Aqueous solution of isomeric tridecyl polyoxyethylene ether sulfate (solid content 30 wt%) (RHODAPEX TR / 2030-S, Solvay),

[0091] Emulsifier II: Aqueous solution of undecyl polyoxyethylene ether sulfate (solid content 27 wt%) (EMULSOGEN EPA073, Clariant).

[0092] Emulsifier Tween 20 (Shanghai Bangjing Industry).

[0093] Bismuth neodecanoate ( 8108, Shepferd).

[0094] Example 1

[0095] 200 g of dehydrated polyester I, 16.2 g of isocyanate I, 2.6 g of isocyanate II, 3.5 g of dehydrated polyether I, 15 g of acetone, and 0.03 g of bismuth neodecanoate were added to a 1 L four-necked round-bottom flask equipped with nitrogen inlet and outlet. The mixture was stirred at 80 - 90 °C until the NCO% reached 2.00% to obtain a prepolymer;

[0096] The prepolymer was dissolved in 400 g of acetone and cooled to 50 °C; a 35 g aqueous solution containing 4.00 g of N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid sodium salt, 0.25 g of N-aminoethylpiperazine, and 2.90 g of hydroxyethyl ethylenediamine was added to the acetone solution containing the prepolymer and stirred vigorously; after stirring for 20 min, the mixture was dispersed by adding 195 g of water, and finally 40 g of emulsifier I was added to the dispersion;

[0097] After separating acetone by distillation, a solvent-free aqueous polyurethane-polyurea dispersion was obtained, which had a solid content of 56.2 wt% and an average particle size of 235 nm (measured by laser correlation test method in the dispersion phase).

[0098] Example 2

[0099] The preparation steps of the dispersion were carried out with reference to Example 1, except that the addition amount of emulsifier I was adjusted to 24 g.

[0100] The obtained dispersion had a solid content of 54.5 wt% and an average particle size of 235 nm (measured by laser correlation test method in the dispersion phase).

[0101] Example 3

[0102] 200 g of dehydrated polyester I, 16.2 g of isocyanate I, 2.6 g of isocyanate II, 3.5 g of dehydrated polyether I, 15 g of acetone, and 0.03 g of bismuth neodecanoate were added to a 1 L four-necked round-bottom flask equipped with nitrogen inlet and outlet. The mixture was stirred at 80 - 90 °C until the NCO% reached 2.00% to obtain a prepolymer;

[0103] The prepolymer was dissolved in 400 g of acetone and cooled to 50 °C; a 35 g aqueous solution containing 4.00 g of N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid sodium salt, 0.90 g of N-aminoethylpiperazine, and 2.30 g of hydroxyethyl ethylenediamine was added to the acetone solution containing the prepolymer and stirred vigorously; after stirring for 20 min, the mixture was dispersed by adding 195 g of water, and finally 24 g of emulsifier I was added to the dispersion;

[0104] After separating acetone by distillation, a solvent-free aqueous polyurethane-polyurea dispersion was obtained, which had a solid content of 56.3 wt% and an average particle size of 210 nm (measured by laser correlation test method in the dispersion phase).

[0105] Example 4

[0106] 200 g of dehydrated polyester I, 16.2 g of isocyanate I, 2.6 g of isocyanate II, 3.5 g of dehydrated polyether I, 15 g of acetone, and 0.03 g of bismuth neodecanoate were added to a 1 L four-necked round-bottom flask equipped with nitrogen inlet and outlet. The mixture was stirred at 80 - 90 °C until the NCO% reached 2.00% to prepare a prepolymer.

[0107] The prepolymer was dissolved in 400 g of acetone and cooled to 50 °C; a 35 g aqueous solution containing 4.00 g of N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid sodium salt, 2.30 g of N-aminoethylpiperazine, and 1.20 g of hydroxyethyl ethylenediamine was added to the acetone solution containing the prepolymer and stirred vigorously; after stirring for 20 min, the mixture was dispersed by adding 195 g of water, and finally 24 g of emulsifier I was added to the dispersion.

[0108] After separating acetone by distillation, a solvent-free aqueous polyurethane-polyurea dispersion was obtained, which had a solid content of 59.5 wt% and an average particle size of 195 nm (measured by laser correlation test method in the dispersion phase).

[0109] Example 5

[0110] 200 g of dehydrated polyester I, 16.2 g of isocyanate I, 2.6 g of isocyanate II, 3.5 g of dehydrated polyether I, 15 g of acetone, and 0.03 g of bismuth neodecanoate were added to a 1 L four-necked round-bottom flask equipped with nitrogen inlet and outlet. The mixture was stirred at 80 - 90 °C until the NCO% reached 2.00% to prepare a prepolymer.

[0111] The prepolymer was dissolved in 400 g of acetone and cooled to 50 °C; a 35 g aqueous solution containing 2.50 g of N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid sodium salt, 3.40 g of N-aminoethylpiperazine, and 0.80 g of hydroxyethyl ethylenediamine was added to the acetone solution containing the prepolymer and stirred vigorously; after stirring for 20 min, the mixture was dispersed by adding 195 g of water, and finally 24 g of emulsifier I was added to the dispersion.

[0112] After separating acetone by distillation, a solvent-free aqueous polyurethane-polyurea dispersion was obtained, which had a solid content of 61.1 wt% and an average particle size of 230 nm (measured by laser correlation test method in the dispersion phase).

[0113] Example 6

[0114] 200 g of dehydrated polyester I, 16.2 g of isocyanate I, 2.6 g of isocyanate II, 3.5 g of dehydrated polyether I, 15 g of acetone, and 0.03 g of bismuth neodecanoate were added to a 1 L four-necked round-bottom flask equipped with nitrogen inlets and outlets. The mixture was stirred at 80 - 90 °C until the NCO% reached 2.00% to obtain a prepolymer;

[0115] The prepolymer was dissolved in 400 g of acetone and cooled to 50 °C; a 35 g aqueous solution containing 2.50 g of N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid sodium salt and 4.50 g of N-aminoethylpiperazine was added to the acetone solution containing the prepolymer and stirred vigorously; after stirring for 20 min, the mixture was dispersed by adding 195 g of water, and finally 24 g of emulsifier I was added to the dispersion;

[0116] After separating acetone by distillation, a solvent-free aqueous polyurethane-polyurea dispersion was obtained, which had a solid content of 58.9 wt% and an average particle size of 185 nm (measured by laser correlation test method in the dispersion phase).

[0117] Example 7

[0118] The preparation steps of the dispersion were carried out with reference to Example 4, except that the addition amount of emulsifier I was adjusted to 40 g.

[0119] The obtained dispersion had a solid content of 60.5 wt% and an average particle size of 195 nm (measured by laser correlation test method in the dispersion phase).

[0120] Example 8

[0121] The preparation steps of the dispersion were carried out with reference to Example 4, except that the addition amount of emulsifier I was adjusted to 15.5 g.

[0122] The obtained dispersion had a solid content of 58.5 wt% and an average particle size of 195 nm (measured by laser correlation test method in the dispersion phase).

[0123] Example 9

[0124] The preparation steps of the dispersion were carried out with reference to Example 4, except that the addition amount of emulsifier I was adjusted to 7.75 g.

[0125] The obtained dispersion had a solid content of 57.2 wt% and an average particle size of 195 nm (measured by laser correlation test method in the dispersion phase).

[0126] Example 10

[0127] The preparation steps of the dispersion were carried out with reference to Example 4, except that the addition amount of Emulsifier I was adjusted to 3.8 g.

[0128] The obtained dispersion had a solid content of 57.5 wt% and an average particle size of 195 nm (measured by laser correlation test method in the dispersion phase).

[0129] Example 11

[0130] The preparation steps of the dispersion were carried out with reference to Example 6, except that the addition amount of Emulsifier I was adjusted to 3.8 g.

[0131] The obtained dispersion had a solid content of 58.5 wt% and an average particle size of 185 nm (measured by laser correlation test method in the dispersion phase).

[0132] Example 12

[0133] 200 g of dehydrated polyester I, 16.2 g of isocyanate I, 2.6 g of isocyanate II, 3.5 g of dehydrated polyether I, 15 g of acetone, and 0.03 g of bismuth neodecanoate were added to a 1 L four-necked round-bottom flask equipped with nitrogen inlet and outlet. The mixture was stirred at 80 - 90 °C until the NCO% reached 2.00% to obtain a prepolymer;

[0134] The prepolymer was dissolved in 400 g of acetone and cooled to 50 °C; a 35 g aqueous solution dissolving 4.00 g of N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid sodium salt, 2.30 g of N-aminoethylpiperazine, and 1.20 g of hydroxyethyl ethylenediamine was added to the acetone solution dissolving the prepolymer and stirred vigorously; after stirring for 20 min, the mixture was dispersed by adding 195 g of water, and finally 24 g of Emulsifier II was added to the dispersion.

[0135] After separating acetone by distillation, a solvent-free aqueous polyurethane-polyurea dispersion was obtained, which had a solid content of 58.8 wt% and an average particle size of 195 nm (measured by laser correlation test method in the dispersion phase).

[0136] Example 13

[0137] 200 g of dehydrated polyester I, 16.2 g of isocyanate I, 2.6 g of isocyanate II, 3.5 g of dehydrated polyether I, 15 g of acetone, and 0.03 g of bismuth neodecanoate were added to a 1 L four-necked round-bottom flask equipped with nitrogen inlet and outlet. The mixture was stirred at 80 - 90 °C until the NCO% reached 2.00% to obtain a prepolymer;

[0138] The prepolymer was dissolved in 400 g of acetone and cooled to 50 °C; 35 g of an aqueous solution containing 5.00 g of N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid sodium salt, 2.30 g of 1,4-bis(aminopropyl)piperazine and 1.50 g of hydroxyethyl ethylenediamine was added to the acetone solution containing the prepolymer and stirred vigorously; after stirring for 20 min, the mixture was dispersed by adding 195 g of water, and finally 24 g of emulsifier I was added to the dispersion;

[0139] After separating acetone by distillation, a solvent-free aqueous polyurethane-polyurea dispersion was obtained, which had a solid content of 58.5 wt% and an average particle size of 175 nm (measured by laser correlation test method in the dispersion phase).

[0140] Comparative Example 1

[0141] 200 g of dehydrated polyester I, 16.2 g of isocyanate I, 2.6 g of isocyanate II, 3.5 g of dehydrated polyether I, 15 g of acetone, and 0.03 g of bismuth neodecanoate were added to a 1 L four-necked round-bottom flask equipped with nitrogen inlet and outlet, and the mixture was stirred at 80 - 90 °C until the NCO% reached 2.00% to obtain a prepolymer;

[0142] The prepolymer was dissolved in 400 g of acetone and cooled to 50 °C; 35 g of an aqueous solution containing 4.00 g of N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid sodium salt and 2.50 g of hydroxyethyl ethylenediamine was added to the acetone solution containing the prepolymer and stirred vigorously; after stirring for 20 min, the mixture was dispersed by adding 195 g of water, and finally 12 g of emulsifier Tween 20 was added to the dispersion;

[0143] After separating acetone by distillation, a solvent-free aqueous polyurethane-polyurea dispersion was obtained, which had a solid content of 50.5 wt% and an average particle size of 230 nm (measured by laser correlation test method in the dispersion phase).

[0144] Comparative Example 2

[0145] 200 g of dehydrated polyester I, 16.2 g of isocyanate I, 2.6 g of isocyanate II, 3.5 g of dehydrated polyether I, 15 g of acetone, and 0.03 g of bismuth neodecanoate were added to a 1 L four-necked round-bottom flask equipped with nitrogen inlet and outlet, and the mixture was stirred at 80 - 90 °C until the NCO% reached 2.00% to obtain a prepolymer;

[0146] The prepolymer was dissolved in 400 g of acetone and cooled to 50 °C; a 35 g aqueous solution containing 4.00 g of sodium N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethanesulfonate and 2.50 g of hydroxyethyl ethylenediamine was added to the acetone solution containing the prepolymer and stirred vigorously; after stirring for 20 min, the mixture was dispersed by adding 195 g of water, and finally 49 g of emulsifier I was added to the dispersion. It was found that the resulting dispersion solidified.

[0147] Comparative Example 3

[0148] 200 g of dehydrated polyester I, 18.7 g of isocyanate I, 2.6 g of isocyanate II, 3.5 g of dehydrated polyether I, 15 g of acetone, and 0.03 g of bismuth neodecanoate were added to a 1 L four-necked round-bottom flask equipped with nitrogen inlet and outlet, and the mixture was stirred at 80 - 90 °C until the NCO% reached 2.00% to prepare a prepolymer;

[0149] The prepolymer was dissolved in 400 g of acetone and cooled to 50 °C; a 35 g aqueous solution containing 3.00 g of sodium N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethanesulfonate and 6.00 g of N-aminoethylpiperazine was added to the acetone solution containing the prepolymer and stirred vigorously; during the stirring process, the viscosity of the mixture was high and normal dispersion could not be carried out, and finally it gelled.

[0150] <Test Method>

[0151] Solid content test:

[0152] The solid content of the dispersion was tested using a GOTECH GT-7017 oven at 150 °C.

[0153] Viscosity test:

[0154] The viscosity was tested using a Broolfield LVDV-I at 25 °C, rotor: No. 63; rotation speed: 12.

[0155] Particle size test:

[0156] The particle size of the dispersion was tested using a Malvern Nano-S90.

[0157] The test results of the products obtained in the above examples and comparative examples are shown in Table 1.

[0158] Table 1 Experimental data of examples and comparative examples

[0159]

[0160] By utilizing the principle of reducing the thickness of the electrical double layer of latex particles, the dispersion is given the characteristic of high solid content. The tertiary amine fragments introduced in the polyurethane or polyurethane-urea segments can absorb the cationic salts existing on the surface of the latex particles formed by the carbon dioxide generated by the reaction of isocyanate groups with water, thereby reducing the thickness of the hydration layer. At the same time, through the dispersion of ionic-nonionic emulsifiers outside the latex particles, the thickness of the hydration layer is further reduced, and the spatial packing density of the latex particles in the dispersion is increased. As can be seen from the results in Table 1, based on the compounding of the polyurethane or polyurethane-urea polymer containing tertiary amine fragments in the molecular chain of this application with ionic-nonionic emulsifiers, a waterborne polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersion with high solid content and low viscosity can be prepared. Thus, it can be shown that this application realizes the preparation of a waterborne polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersion with high solid content and low viscosity by efficiently reducing the thickness of the hydration layer inside and outside the latex particles.

[0161] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above. The above description is exemplary and not exhaustive, and is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations are obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments.

Claims

1. An aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersion, characterized in that, It contains water, a polyurethane or polyurethane-urea polymer, and a non-isocyanate-reactive emulsifier; Wherein, the polyurethane or polyurethane-urea polymer is a product obtained by reacting raw materials comprising the following components: a) An isocyanate, b) A diol and / or a polyol, c) A compound containing at least one tertiary amine group and at least one NCO-reactive functional group, selected from one or more of N-aminoethylpiperazine, N-hydroxyethylpiperazine, 1,4-bis(aminopropyl)piperazine, N-methylpiperazine, and N-ethylpiperazine, d) An isocyanate-reactive emulsifier, which contains at least one hydroxyl group and / or amino group that can react with the isocyanate, and Optionally, e) An amino-functional compound and / or a hydroxyl-functional compound; the amino-functional compound is at least one of a monoamino-functional compound, a diamino-functional compound, and a triamino-functional compound; f) The non-isocyanate-reactive emulsifier, which is an anionic-nonionic emulsifier containing an ionic hydrophilic group, a nonionic hydrophilic group, and a hydrophobic group, and the groups are connected by chemical bonds; Based on the solid weight of each component in the aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersion, the usage percentages of components a)-f) are as follows: The usage of component a) is 5-40 wt%; The usage of component b) is 50-94 wt%; The usage of component c) is 0.1-2.5 wt%; The usage of component d) is 0.2-15 wt%; The usage of component e) is 0-10 wt%; The usage of component f) is 0.5-5.5 wt%.

2. The aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersion according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the solid weight of each component in the aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersion, the usage percentages of components a)-f) are as follows: The usage of component a) is 8-30 wt%; The usage of component b) is 70-90 wt%; The usage of component c) is 0.4-2 wt%; The usage of component d) is 0.5-10 wt%; The usage of component e) is 0.5-5 wt%; The usage of component f) is 1-5 wt%.

3. The aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersion according to claim 1, characterized in that, Component a) is a diisocyanate and / or a polyisocyanate; The diisocyanate is selected from hexamethylene diisocyanate, 1,4-cyclohexane diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, 4,4'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, 4,4'-dicyclopropylpropane diisocyanate, and mixtures thereof.

4. The aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersion according to claim 3, characterized in that, The diisocyanate is selected from 1,4-cyclohexane diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, 4,4'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, and mixtures thereof.

5. The aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersion according to claim 3, characterized in that, Component a) is selected from a mixture of hexamethylene diisocyanate and isophorone diisocyanate, or a mixture of hexamethylene diisocyanate and 4,4'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate.

6. The aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersion according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number average molecular weight of component b) is 20-15000.

7. The aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersion according to claim 6, characterized in that, The number average molecular weight of component b) is 80-4000.

8. The aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersion according to claim 6, characterized in that, Component b) is selected from one or more of polyester polyols, polycarbonate polyols, polylactone polyols with a number average molecular weight of 400-4000 and a functionality of 2-3, and small molecule polyols with a number average molecular weight of 80-400 and a functionality of 2-4.

9. The aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersion according to claim 1, characterized in that, Component c) is selected from one or more of N-aminoethylpiperazine, N-hydroxyethylpiperazine, and 1,4-bis(aminopropyl)piperazine.

10. The aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersion according to claim 1, characterized in that, Component d) is selected from one or more of N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethanesulfonate, dimethylolpropionate, monohydroxy hydrophilic polyether, and monoamino hydrophilic polyether.

11. The aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersion according to claim 1, characterized in that, Component e) is selected from one or more of aliphatic primary monoamines, aliphatic secondary monoamines, amino alcohols, aliphatic diamines, aliphatic triamines, and hydrazine; and / or Component f) contains an ionic hydrophilic group selected from at least one of carboxylate group, sulfate group, sulfonate group, and phosphate group, and contains a nonionic hydrophilic group selected from ethylene oxide polyether and / or copolymer polyether of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide.

12. The aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersion according to claim 11, characterized in that, Component e) is selected from one or more of isophorone diamine, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine, and 1,6-hexamethylenediamine.

13. The aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersion according to claim 11, characterized in that, Component f) is selected from one or more of sodium tridecyl polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, sodium isomeric tridecyl polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, and sodium undecyl polyoxyethylene ether sulfate.

14. The aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersion according to any one of claims 1-13, characterized in that, In the aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersion, the polyurethane or polyurethane-urea polymer contains a structural unit represented by the following formula (I): ，（I） Wherein, R is the residue after removing the NCO-reactive functional group of component c); and / or The solid content of the aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersion is 55-61 wt%; the viscosity at 25 °C is 800-4000 mPa·s; the average particle size is 170-250 nm.

15. A method for preparing an aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersion according to any one of claims 1-14, characterized in that, Comprising the following steps: (1) Mix and react component a), component b), and component d) in one or more steps to form a terminal isocyanate prepolymer; wherein, component d) is an emulsifier containing at least one hydroxyl group reactive with isocyanate; (2) Mix and react the prepolymer with component c), component d), and optionally component e) in one-stage or two-stage reaction; wherein, component d) is an emulsifier containing at least one amino group reactive with isocyanate; (3) Add water to the system for dispersion, and optionally use a solvent for dilution. The solvent can be removed in part or in whole by distillation during or after dispersion; component f) is added at any stage before, during, after dispersion, or after removal of the solvent to prepare the aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersion.

16. The preparation method according to claim 15, characterized in that, The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) Mix and react component a), component b), and component d) in one or more steps to form a terminal isocyanate prepolymer; component d) is dimethylolpropionate and / or monohydroxy hydrophilic polyether; (2) Mix and react the prepolymer with component c), component d), and optionally component e) in one-stage or two-stage reaction; component d) is N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethanesulfonate and / or monoamino hydrophilic polyether; (3) Add water to the system for dispersion. Optionally, a solvent is used for dilution, and the solvent can be removed in part or in whole by distillation during or after the dispersion; Component f) is added at any stage before, during, after the dispersion or after the removal of the solvent to prepare the aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersion.

17. Use of the aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersion according to any one of claims 1-14 or the aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersion prepared by the preparation method according to claim 15 or 16 in the fields of coatings, sealants, coating agents and adhesives.

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