A fish habitat construction device applicable to the shoreline of torrential rivers

Abstract

The present invention provides a fish habitat construction device applicable to the shoreline of a torrential river. Its structure includes a fixing frame (1) and a number of ecological construction units. Each ecological construction unit includes a flow-limiting baffle (4) and an ecological construction frame (5). The fixing frame (1) is installed on the river bank (31). The flow-limiting baffle (4) and the ecological construction frame (5) are installed on the fixing frame (1). During use, the flow-limiting baffle (4) and the ecological construction frame (5) are located in the water body of the river. In the same ecological construction unit, the flow-limiting baffle (4) is located upstream of the ecological construction frame (5). The area enclosed by the flow-limiting baffle (4), the ecological construction frame (5), and the river bank (31) forms a fish habitat area. Advantages: The present invention is applicable to torrential rivers and can create a habitat space and a shelter for fish under the conditions of high-flow velocity erosion and large water level fluctuations.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a fish habitat construction device applicable to the shoreline of torrential rivers, belonging to the technical field of river biological habitat protection and restoration. Background Art

[0002] The hydrodynamic characteristics of rivers are one of the important factors affecting the habitat and reproduction of fish. The changes in hydrodynamic indicators such as flow velocity, flow pattern, and water level are closely related to fish spawning, foraging, and habitat survival. Since different fish populations have different requirements for hydrodynamic conditions, and the same fish species also have different requirements for hydrodynamic conditions such as flow velocity and flow pattern at different growth stages, therefore, creating a fish habitat environment with multiple flow velocities and flow patterns is of great significance for the protection of river biodiversity and the health and stability of the ecosystem.

[0003] Torrential rivers are typically represented by some mountain rivers, with large channel slopes, fast water flow velocities, and large seasonal variations in water levels. Especially, the high-velocity flow erodes the river shoreline, and it is impossible to provide good habitat space and shelters for fish. Most of the existing fish habitat construction methods adopt engineering measures, such as putting artificial fish reefs in the riverbank or river channel, shaping diverse micro-topographies with stones, or creating different hydrodynamic conditions by setting groynes and constructing ecological revetments. These technical methods mostly target slow-flow rivers, and the protected objects mainly target single water-flow-preferred fish species, but they are difficult to apply to torrential rivers with fast flow velocities and high erosion intensities. In addition, engineering measures such as building groynes have a long construction period, high difficulty, and high capital costs for construction and maintenance. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop fish habitat construction technologies or devices applicable to torrential rivers to flexibly and conveniently create suitable habitats for the reproduction and survival of various fish species along the river shoreline. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a fish habitat construction device applicable to the shoreline of torrential rivers, aiming to solve the problem that the fish habitat and survival space in torrential rivers is limited, and the high-velocity water flow characteristics are difficult to meet the flow velocity and flow pattern requirements of various fish species at different growth stages, and to construct a fish habitat area suitable for fish survival in torrential rivers.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention: A fish habitat construction device applicable to the shoreline of torrential rivers, the structure of which includes a fixing frame 1 and several ecological construction units; wherein, each ecological construction unit includes a flow-limiting baffle 4 and an ecological construction frame 5; the fixing frame 1 is installed on the river revetment 31, and the flow-limiting baffle 4 and the ecological construction frame 5 are installed on the fixing frame 1; during use, the flow-limiting baffle 4 and the ecological construction frame 5 are located in the water body of the river, and in the same ecological construction unit, the flow-limiting baffle 4 is located upstream of the ecological construction frame 5, and the area jointly enclosed by the flow-limiting baffle 4, the ecological construction frame 5, and the river revetment 31 forms a fish habitat area.

[0006] Furthermore, there is no contact between the bottom of the ecological construction frame 5 and the bottom of the river.

[0007] Furthermore, the ecological construction frame 5 includes a transverse interception frame 23 and a longitudinal diversion frame 24; the front of the transverse interception frame 23 faces the upstream direction of the river, the back of the transverse interception frame 23 faces the downstream direction of the river, one side of the transverse interception frame 23 is fixedly connected to the fixing frame 1, and the other side of the transverse interception frame 23 extends towards the center line of the river and is rotatably connected to the downstream side of the longitudinal diversion frame 24; the current-limiting baffle 4 in each ecological construction unit is located in front of the transverse interception frame 23 in this ecological construction unit.

[0008] Furthermore, the transverse interception frame 23 and the longitudinal diversion frame 24 in the ecological construction frame 5 are rotatably connected in an L shape, the transverse interception frame 23 and the longitudinal diversion frame 24 jointly form an L-shaped corner frame, and the size of the included angle formed between the transverse interception frame 23 and the longitudinal diversion frame 24 can be adjusted.

[0009] Furthermore, the widths and heights of the transverse interception frame 23 and the longitudinal diversion frame 24 are the same; the transverse interception frame 23 and the longitudinal diversion frame 24 are connected into one body through a grab ring 7 and an angle adjustment shaft 6; on the side of the fixing frame 1 facing the ecological construction frame 5, card slots 2 are distributed, and on the side of the transverse interception frame 23 in each ecological construction frame 5 facing the fixing frame 1, it is embedded into the corresponding card slot 2 to be connected to the fixing frame 1.

[0010] Furthermore, filling net cages 8 are filled inside the transverse interception frame 23 and the longitudinal diversion frame 24 respectively, and filling materials 9 are filled inside the filling net cages 8.

[0011] Furthermore, submerged plants 10 and / or snail animals 11 are also filled inside the filling net cages 8.

[0012] Furthermore, the filling net cage 8 includes an outer frame 27, an isolation net 28, and partition plates 29. The isolation net 28 wraps around the periphery of the outer frame 27; the inside of the filling net cage 8 is divided into N intervals by N - 1 partition plates 29 from top to bottom, and the filling materials 9 are dispersedly filled in the N intervals; the filling materials 9 are hard spherical porous materials, and the particle size of the filling materials 9 is 1 cm - 3 cm.

[0013] Further, the flow-limiting baffle 4 includes a baffle A 14 and a baffle B 15. The baffle A 14 and the baffle B 15 have the same size. First water holes 16-1 are equidistantly distributed along the longitudinal and transverse directions on the baffle A 14, and second water holes 16-2 are equidistantly distributed along the longitudinal and transverse directions on the baffle B 15. The positions of the first water holes 16-1 on the baffle A 14 correspond to those of the second water holes 16-2 on the baffle B 15. One side of the baffle A 14 is fixed to the river bank protection 31 through a fixing frame 1. The baffle B 15 is overlapped with the baffle A 14 and is slidably connected to the baffle A 14. During use, the baffle B 15 is pushed and pulled in the left-right direction to make the second water holes 16-2 on the baffle B 15 overlap or partially cover the first water holes 16-1 on the baffle A 14.

[0014] Further, the fixing frame 1 is installed on the river bank protection 31 through a fixed installation method or the fixing frame 1 is installed on the river bank protection 31 through a self-lifting installation method. The fixing frame 1 being installed on the river bank protection 31 through a fixed installation method specifically includes installing the fixing frame 1 parallel to the river bank on the river bank protection 31 with fixing rivets 20. The fixing frame 1 being installed on the river bank protection 31 through a self-lifting installation method specifically includes driving fixing piles 21 in the river bed along the river shoreline. At this time, there are collar rings 3 and float fixing rings 30 on the fixing frame 1. The collar rings 3 are distributed on both sides of the fixing frame 1. The collar rings 3 on both sides of the fixing frame 1 are passed through the fixing piles 21, and a float 22 is connected to the float fixing ring 30. The fixing frame 1 is automatically lifted and lowered along the fixing piles 21 with the change of water level through the buoyancy of the float 22.

[0015] Advantages of the present invention:

[0016] 1) It can be applied to torrential rivers and can create a habitat space and a shelter for fish under the conditions of high-flow velocity erosion and large water level fluctuations.

[0017] 2) It can be flexibly assembled and adjusted according to the habitat requirements of different fish at different times, and it is easy to create a fish habitat with multiple flow velocities and flow patterns in the river bank area. The internal filling of the device can be replaced and updated conveniently.

[0018] 3) The present invention has low cost, easy-to-obtain materials, simple installation and application, convenient maintenance and management, strong practicability, and is easy to be widely promoted and applied on a large scale. It is applicable to the conditions of high-flow velocity erosion and variable water levels. It can flexibly adjust the device components according to the needs of different fish and is easy to create a habitat with multiple flow velocities and flow patterns, and the operation is convenient. Description of the Drawings

[0019] Att Figure 1 is a side view schematic diagram of the present invention installed on the river shoreline with a small water level fluctuation.

[0020] Att Figure 2 is a side view schematic diagram of the present invention installed on the river shoreline with a large water level fluctuation.

[0021] Attached Figure 3 is a side view schematic diagram of the installation of the present invention on the river bank with a small water level fluctuation.

[0022] Attached Figure 4 is a side view schematic diagram of the installation of the present invention on the river bank with a large water level fluctuation.

[0023] Attached Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the flow-limiting baffle 4 in the present invention.

[0024] Attached Figure 6 is a top view schematic diagram of the ecological construction frame 5 in the present invention.

[0025] Attached Figure 7 is a side view structural schematic diagram of the filling cage 8 in the present invention.

[0026] In the attached drawings, 1 is a fixing frame, 2 is a card slot, 3 is a collar, 4 is a flow-limiting baffle, 5 is an ecological construction frame, 6 is an angle adjustment shaft, 7 is a grab ring, 8 is a filling cage, 9 is a filling material, 10 is a submerged plant, 11 is a snail, 12 is an opening cover, 13 is a hinge, 14 is a baffle A, 15 is a baffle B, 16 is a water passing hole, 16-1 is the first water passing hole, 16-2 is the second water passing hole, 17-1 is an upper groove, 17-2 is a lower groove, 18-1 is an upper card sleeve, 18-2 is a lower card sleeve, 19 is a baffle movable fixing sleeve lock, 20 is a fixing rivet, 21 is a fixing pile, 22 is a floating ball, 23 is a transverse interception frame, 24 is a longitudinal diversion frame 24, 25 is a card, 26 is a cage buckle, 27 is an outer frame, 28 is an isolation net, 29 is a partition board, 30 is a floating ball fixing ring, 31 is a river bank protection. Embodiment

[0027] A fish habitat construction device applicable to the rapids-type river bank includes a fixing frame 1 and a number of ecological construction units; wherein, each ecological construction unit includes a flow-limiting baffle 4 and an ecological construction frame 5; the fixing frame 1 is installed on the river bank protection 31, and the flow-limiting baffle 4 and the ecological construction frame 5 are installed on the fixing frame 1; during use, the flow-limiting baffle 4 and the ecological construction frame 5 are located in the water body of the river, and in the same ecological construction unit, the flow-limiting baffle 4 is located upstream of the ecological construction frame 5, and the area enclosed by the flow-limiting baffle 4, the ecological construction frame 5, and the river bank protection 31 forms a fish habitat area.

[0028] The number of ecological construction units is distributed along the river banks on both sides of the river, and the ecological construction units distributed on the same side of the river are equally spaced along the river bank.

[0029] There is no contact between the bottom of the ecological construction frame 5 and the bottom of the river; during operation, water can flow under the ecological construction frame 5, and the water outside the fish habitat area is connected to the water inside the fish habitat area through the bottom of the ecological construction frame 5.

[0030] The ecological construction frame 5 includes a transverse intercepting frame 23 and a longitudinal diversion frame 24; the front of the transverse intercepting frame 23 faces the upstream direction of the river, the back of the transverse intercepting frame 23 faces the downstream direction of the river, one side of the transverse intercepting frame 23 is fixedly connected to the fixing frame 1, the other side of the transverse intercepting frame 23 extends towards the center line of the river and is rotatably connected to the downstream side of the longitudinal diversion frame 24, and the longitudinal diversion frame 24 is entirely located on the upstream side of the transverse intercepting frame 23; the flow-limiting baffle 4 in each ecological construction unit is located in front of the transverse intercepting frame 23 in this ecological construction unit; the "front" is the upstream direction of the river.

[0031] The transverse intercepting frame 23 and the longitudinal diversion frame 24 in the ecological construction frame 5 are rotatably connected in an L shape, the transverse intercepting frame 23 and the longitudinal diversion frame 24 together form an L-shaped corner frame, the connection between the transverse intercepting frame 23 and the longitudinal diversion frame 24 is a rotational connection, the included angle formed between the transverse intercepting frame 23 and the longitudinal diversion frame 24 can be flexibly adjusted, and the included angle formed between the transverse intercepting frame 23 and the longitudinal diversion frame 24 is preferably between o -180 o for adjustment.

[0032] The distance between two adjacent ecological construction frames 5 on the fixing frame 1 is greater than 1.5 times the length of the longitudinal diversion frame 24; the distance between two adjacent ecological construction frames 5 on the fixing frame 1 is specifically the distance between the most upstream end of the longitudinal diversion frame 24 in the ecological construction frame 5 facing upstream and the back of the transverse intercepting frame 23 in the adjacent upstream ecological construction frame 5.

[0033] The distance from the side of the longitudinal diversion frame 24 facing upstream to the side facing downstream is the length of the longitudinal diversion frame 24, and the distance from the side of the transverse intercepting frame 23 facing the fixing frame 1 to the side facing the center line of the river is the length of the transverse intercepting frame 23; the distance between the front and the back of the transverse intercepting frame 23 is the width of the transverse intercepting frame 23, and the distance from the side of the longitudinal diversion frame itself facing the transverse intercepting frame 23 to the side facing away from the transverse intercepting frame 23 is the width of the longitudinal diversion frame 24.

[0034] The widths and heights of the transverse intercepting frame 23 and the longitudinal diversion frame 24 are the same, where the width is preferably 3 cm - 8 cm and the height is preferably 15 cm - 50 cm; the length of the transverse intercepting frame 23 is preferably 40 cm - 60 cm, and the length of the longitudinal diversion frame 24 is preferably 1 / 3 to 1 times the length of the transverse intercepting frame 23.

[0035] The horizontal interception frame 23 and the vertical diversion frame 24 are preferably connected into one body through the grab ring 7 with the angle adjustment shaft 6. The included angle formed by the horizontal interception frame 23 and the vertical diversion frame 24 can be flexibly adjusted through the grab ring 7. The included angle formed by the horizontal interception frame 23 and the vertical diversion frame 24 is preferably 90 o -180 o 。

[0036] On one side of the fixing frame 1 facing the ecological construction frame 5, card slots 2 are distributed. On one side of the horizontal interception frame 23 in each ecological construction frame 5 facing the fixing frame 1, it is embedded into the corresponding card slot 2 to be connected with the fixing frame 1; there is a card 25 in the card slot 2 to fix the horizontal interception frame 23 and the fixing frame 1; the preferred number of installed ecological construction frames 5 on each fixing frame 1 is 2-5; along the flowing direction of the river, a number of fixing frames 1 can be fixed on the river bank 31 as needed.

[0037] The fixing frame 1 is made of angle steel by welding, and the whole is in a rectangular frame shape, with a length of 2m-6m and a height of 20cm-50cm; several card slots 2 are cut out on the long angle steel of the fixing frame 1 for embedding the horizontal interception frame 23. The size of the card slot 2 is determined according to the width of the horizontal interception frame 23, preferably 3.1cm-8.1cm. The distance between two adjacent card slots 2 is determined according to the length of the fixing frame 1 and the required flow velocity inside the ecological construction frame 5, preferably 1m-2m.

[0038] The material of the ecological construction frame 5 is preferably stainless steel; the inside of each of the horizontal interception frame 23 and the vertical diversion frame 24 is filled with a filling net box 8; the filling net box 8 is preferably fixed in the corresponding horizontal interception frame 23 or vertical diversion frame 24 through a net box buckle 26.

[0039] The filling net box 8 includes an outer frame 27, a separation net 28, and a partition board 29. The separation net 28 wraps around the periphery of the outer frame 27. The inside of the filling net box 8 is filled with a filling material 9; an opening cover 12 is provided on the side of the filling net box 8. The opening cover 12 is connected to the outer frame 27 of the filling net box 8 through a hinge 13, and the opening cover 12 can be opened or closed for replacing and updating the filling material 9.

[0040] The inside of the filling net box 8 is divided into N intervals from top to bottom by N-1 partition boards 29, and the filling material 9 is dispersedly filled in the N intervals, and N is preferably ≤4; different types of filling materials 9 are added to different intervals; the filling net box 8 may also not be partitioned (i.e., the case of N = 1), and at this time, different types of filling materials 9 can be added to different filling net boxes 8 respectively.

[0041] The filling material 9 is preferably a hard spherical porous material resistant to water scouring, such as ceramsite, sand and gravel, etc., and the particle size is preferably 1 cm - 3 cm; the filling method of the filling material 9 in the filling cage 8 can be set according to the living and foraging preferences of fish. For the filling cage 8 with partitions, different types of filling materials 9 can be added to different partitions respectively.

[0042] The outer frame 27 is preferably a stainless steel frame, the isolation net 28 is preferably a PVC plastic net, and the partition board 29 is preferably a PVC plastic board; the size of the filling cage 8 is determined according to the sizes of the transverse intercepting frame 23 and the longitudinal diversion frame 24 of the ecological construction frame 5; the aperture of the mesh on the isolation net 28 is preferably 0.5 cm - 2 cm, and can be specifically determined according to the internal filling material 9.

[0043] The interior of the filling cage 8 is also filled with submerged plants 10 and / or snail animals 11. After the filling material 9 is combined with the submerged plants 10 and / or snail animals 11, they are added to the filling cage 8; the submerged plants 10 are preferably indigenous dominant submerged plant species in the river with developed roots, strong fixing ability and resistant to water scouring. When used in combination with the filling material 9, first pre-culture the seedlings of the submerged plants 10 and the filling material 9 in still water for a period of time, and then add them to the filling cage 8 after the roots of the submerged plants 10 are fixed on the surface of the filling material 9.

[0044] The snail animals 11 are preferably indigenous dominant snail animal types in the river. The snail animals 11 can be combined with the filling material 9 or the filling material 9 + submerged plants 10 and added to the filling cage 8. The dosing density is preferably 20 - 50 snail animals 11 added to each filling cage.

[0045] When the present invention is used, a slow-flow habitat can be formed between the ecological construction frame 5 and the river bank. The fillers in the filling cage 8 can provide a foraging environment for fish. The side of the filling cage 8 is provided with an openable cover 12, which can realize the replacement, recycling and update of the internal filling materials or organisms.

[0046] A number of water passing holes 16 are distributed on the flow-limiting baffle 4. The number of water passing holes 16 is evenly distributed along the longitudinal and transverse directions on the flow-limiting baffle 4; the water passing holes 16 penetrate through the thickness direction of the flow-limiting baffle 4 and are consistent with the overall flow direction of the river; the aperture size of the water passing holes 16 is adjustable.

[0047] The current-limiting baffle 4 includes an A baffle 14 and a B baffle 15. The A baffle 14 and the B baffle 15 have the same dimensions. First water holes 16-1 are evenly distributed along the longitudinal and transverse directions on the A baffle 14, and second water holes 16-2 are evenly distributed along the longitudinal and transverse directions on the B baffle 15. The positions of the first water holes 16-1 on the A baffle 14 correspond to those of the second water holes 16-2 on the B baffle 15. One side of the A baffle 14 is fixed to the river revetment 31 through a fixing frame 1. The B baffle 15 is placed overlapping the A baffle 14, and the B baffle 15 is slidably connected to the A baffle 14. When in use, the B baffle 15 can be pushed and pulled in the left-right direction so that the second water holes 16-2 on the B baffle 15 overlap with the first water holes 16-1 on the A baffle 14 (forming the maximum water passing aperture of the water hole 16 at this time) or partially cover them (the aperture of the water hole 16 is reduced at this time), realizing flexible adjustment of the water passing aperture of the current-limiting baffle 4.

[0048] The current-limiting baffle 4 further includes an upper socket 18-1 and a lower socket 18-2. Upper grooves 17-1 are provided on the upper edges of both the A baffle 14 and the B baffle 15, and lower grooves 17-2 are provided on the lower edges of both the A baffle 14 and the B baffle 15. The upper edges of the A baffle 14 and the B baffle 15 are combined with the upper socket 18-1 through the upper grooves 17-1, and the lower edges of the A baffle 14 and the B baffle 15 are combined with the lower socket 18-2 through the lower grooves 17-2. The B baffle 15 can move left and right along the upper grooves 17-1 and the lower grooves 17-2, facilitating pushing and pulling the B baffle 15 in the left-right direction so that the second water holes 16-2 on the B baffle 15 overlap with the first water holes 16-1 on the A baffle 14 or partially cover them (the aperture of the water hole 16 is reduced at this time). Preferably, the upper grooves 17-1 are distributed 1 cm below the tops of the A baffle 14 and the B baffle 15, and the lower grooves 17-2 are distributed 1 cm above the bottoms of the A baffle 14 and the B baffle 15.

[0049] The materials of both the A baffle 14 and the B baffle 15 are preferably PVC plastics, and the A baffle 14 and the B baffle 15 have the same dimensions. Preferably, the length of the A baffle 14 and the B baffle 15 is 30 cm - 60 cm, the height of the A baffle 14 and the B baffle 15 is preferably 20 cm - 50 cm, and the thickness of the A baffle 14 and the B baffle 15 is preferably 1 cm - 3 cm. The length direction of the water hole 16 is the thickness direction of the A baffle 14 and the B baffle 15, and the direction in which the A baffle 14 extends from the river revetment 31 towards the river center line is the length direction of the A baffle 14 and the B baffle 15.

[0050] The first water passing holes 16-1 and the second water passing holes 16-2 are both preferably circular holes, and the aperture diameters of the circular holes are preferably 2 cm - 5 cm. The aperture diameters of the first water passing holes 16-1 and the second water passing holes 16-2 are the same; the distance between two adjacent first water passing holes 16-1 on the A baffle 14 in the left-right direction (counting from the edge of the water passing hole) is preferably 1 - 1.2 times the aperture diameter of the first water passing hole 16-1, and the distance between two adjacent first water passing holes 16-1 on the A baffle 14 in the up-down direction (counting from the edge of the water passing hole) is preferably 1 cm - 5 cm. The distribution pattern of the second water passing holes 16-2 on the B baffle 15 is the same as the distribution pattern of the first water passing holes 16-1 on the A baffle 14; the aperture sizes of the first water passing holes 16-1 and the second water passing holes 16-2 are the same.

[0051] One side of the current-limiting baffle 4 facing the river revetment 31 is installed on the fixing frame 1 through a baffle movable fixing sleeve lock 19, and the position of the current-limiting baffle 4 on the fixing frame 1 can be changed by adjusting the baffle movable fixing sleeve lock 19 according to the water flow velocity of the river and the preferences of fish.

[0052] In the same ecological construction unit, the current-limiting baffle 4 is preferably located 20 cm - 50 cm in front of the overall corresponding ecological construction frame 5, that is, in the same ecological construction unit, the current-limiting baffle 4 is preferably located 20 cm - 50 cm upstream of the overall corresponding ecological construction frame 5; during operation, through the blocking and current-limiting of the current-limiting baffle 4 in front of the ecological construction frame 5, the impact of high-velocity water flow directly on the area of the ecological construction frame 5 when flowing from upstream to downstream is avoided.

[0053] The length direction of the fixing frame 1 is parallel to the river bank; the fixing frame 1 is installed on the river revetment 31 through a fixed installation method, or the fixing frame 1 is installed on the river revetment 31 through a self-lifting installation method; specifically, when the fixing frame 1 is installed on the river revetment 31 through a fixed installation method, it includes installing the fixing frame 1 parallel to the river bank on the river revetment 31 with fixing rivets 20, and the installation position of the fixing frame 1 is preferably such that the top of the fixing frame 1 is 2 cm - 5 cm below the normal water level; when the fixing frame 1 is installed on the river revetment 31 through a self-lifting installation method, it specifically includes driving fixing piles 21 in the riverbed along the river shoreline. At this time, there are collar rings 3 and float fixing rings 30 on the fixing frame 1. The collar rings 3 are distributed on both sides of the fixing frame 1. The collar rings 3 on both sides of the fixing frame 1 are passed through the fixing piles 21, and a float 22 is connected to the float fixing ring 30. The fixing frame 1 is automatically lifted and lowered along the fixing piles 21 with the change of the water level through the buoyancy of the float 22.

[0054] In the present invention, the transverse intercepting frame 23 and the longitudinal diversion frame 24 in the ecological construction frame 5 together form an L-shaped corner frame. The L-shaped corner frame and the corresponding river bank protection 31 together enclose a water flow buffer area with an opening facing the upstream of the river, and there is a flow-limiting baffle 4 in front of the opening of the water flow buffer area. During use, due to the action of the flow-limiting baffle 4, the fast-flowing rapids in the river are limited by the flow-limiting baffle 4, reducing the flow velocity and flow rate entering the water flow buffer area, so that the water flow in the fish habitat area formed by the area jointly enclosed by the flow-limiting baffle 4, the ecological construction frame 5, and the river bank protection 31 slows down, and a low-flow velocity water area suitable for fish growth is formed in the fish habitat area. When it is necessary to adjust the water flow condition in the fish habitat area according to the type of fish or the needs of different growth stages, the included angle formed by the transverse intercepting frame 23 and the longitudinal diversion frame 24 can also be adjusted by rotating the longitudinal diversion frame 24 left and right in the horizontal direction, adjusting the opening size of the water flow buffer area, and controlling the overall opening angle of the ecological construction frame 5. With the change of the overall opening angle of the ecological construction frame 5, the water flow rate flowing into the fish habitat area from the front end of the longitudinal diversion frame 24 and the flow-limiting baffle 4 is adjusted. The combined action of the adjustment of the overall opening angle of the ecological construction frame 5 and the flow-limiting baffle 4 enables the overall water flow condition in the fish habitat area to be flexibly adjusted, meeting the survival needs of different fish and fish at different growth stages.

[0055] In the present invention, the filling material 9 in the filling cage 8 can provide a food source for fish growth; moreover, due to the flow-limiting action of the flow-limiting baffle 4 and the adjustment of the overall opening angle of the ecological construction frame 5, the water flow velocity in the fish habitat area is less than that outside the fish habitat area, resulting in a lower water pressure in the fish habitat area than outside the fish habitat area. Therefore, the water outside the fish habitat area forms a pressure on the ecological construction frame 5 from the outside to the inside of the fish habitat area. This pressure prevents the filling material 9 in the filling cage 8 from diffusing out of the fish habitat area, enabling the food provided by the filling material 9 in the filling cage 8 for fish growth to stably diffuse towards the inside of the fish habitat area. At the same time, this inward pressure from all around also provides a more stable ecological environment for the fish habitat area. Embodiment

[0056] A device for constructing a fish habitat in a rapids-type river shoreline includes the following steps when installed and used:

[0057] (1)Device installation method and component determination: Based on actual conditions such as river water depth, flow velocity, water level changes, and fish populations, determine the installation method of the device along the river shoreline, the quantity and size of the device components (such as the fixing frame 1, flow-limiting baffle 4, ecological construction frame 5, filling net cage 8, floating ball 22), the position and water passing aperture of the ecological construction frame 5, the opening angle of the L-shaped ecological construction frame 5, the partition of the filling net cage 8, and the type of filling material; for rivers with a small water level fluctuation range, adopt a fixed installation method; for rivers with a large water level fluctuation range, adopt a self-lifting installation method;

[0058] (2)Adjust the flow-limiting baffle 4: Adjust the water passing aperture of the water passing hole 16 by pushing and pulling the B baffle 15 of the flow-limiting baffle 4 in the left-right direction;

[0059] (3)Assemble the ecological construction frame 5: Open the openable cover 12 on the side of the filling net cage 8, add the filling material 9, submerged plants 10, and / or snail animals 11 into the filling net cage 8, and after closing the openable cover 12, insert the two filling net cages 8 into the transverse intercepting frame 23 or the longitudinal diversion frame 24 of the ecological construction frame 5 respectively, and fix the filling net cage 8 with the net cage buckle 26;

[0060] (4)Device installation: ① For the fixed installation method, first install the fixing frame 1 parallel to the river bank on the river revetment 31 with fixed rivets 20. The installation position of the fixing frame 1 is preferably that the top of the fixing frame 1 is 2 cm - 5 cm below the normal water level; install the flow-limiting baffle 4 on the fixing frame 1 with the baffle movable fixing sleeve lock 19, and then insert the ecological construction frame 5 assembled according to step (3) into the card slot 2 of the fixing frame 1, and adjust the opening angle of the ecological construction frame 5 by using the grab ring 7 and the angle adjustment shaft 6; ② For the self-lifting installation method, first perform the overall assembly of the device. After installing the flow-limiting baffle 4, the ecological construction frame 5, and the filling net cage 8 on the fixing frame 1, drive fixing piles 21 into the riverbed along the river shoreline, pass the sleeve rings 3 on both sides of the fixing frame 1 of the device through the fixing piles 21, and tie the floating balls 22 on the floating ball fixing ring 30. The installation position of the floating balls 22 is determined according to the overall force balance point of the device, specifically considering force factors such as the weight of the fixing frame, the weight of the ecological construction frame 5, the frictional resistance between the sleeve ring 3 and the fixing pile 1, and the action of the water flow. The device of the present invention realizes automatic lifting and lowering with the water level by using the buoyancy of the floating balls 22;

[0061] During the use of the device, the rapid-flow river water passes through the flow-limiting baffle 4 and the filling cage 8, resulting in a reduced flow velocity and a changed flow pattern, forming a slow-flow area along the river shoreline, providing suitable hydrodynamic conditions for fish. At the same time, the biofilm on the surface of the filling material 9, submerged plants 10, and snail animals 11 in the filling cage 8 provide a food source for the growth of fish. In addition, during use, according to the changes in the flow velocity of the river water and the habitat requirements of fish at different growth stages, by changing the position of the filling material 9, the aperture of the water passing hole 16, the opening angle of the ecological construction frame 5, the type of filling inside the filling cage 8, etc., a habitat condition suitable for the survival and reproduction of various fish can be created. After the device has been used for a period of time, the cage buckle 26 can be opened, the filling cage 8 can be taken out, the openable cover 12 on the side of the filling cage 8 can be opened, and the filling inside the filling cage 8 can be replaced, updated, and recycled. Embodiment

[0062] A fish habitat construction device applicable to the shoreline of rapid-flow rivers, which is applied to rapid-flow rivers with relatively small water level changes. The river water depth is 3m. The device structure includes a fixed frame 1, a card slot 2, a collar 3, a flow-limiting baffle 4, an ecological construction frame 5, an angle adjustment shaft 6, a grab ring 7, a filling cage 8, a filling material 9, an openable cover 12, a hinge 13, a baffle A 14, a baffle B 15, a water passing hole 16, a groove, a bushing, a baffle movable fixed sleeve lock 19, a fixed rivet 20, a transverse intercepting frame 23, a longitudinal diversion frame 24, a card 25, a cage buckle 26, a stainless steel frame, and a PVC plastic net.

[0063] The fixed frame 1 is made of angle steel by welding, and the whole is a rectangular frame, with a length of 6m and a height of 50cm. Three card slots 2 are cut out at equal distances on the long-angle steel of the fixed frame 1, and the width of the card slot 2 is 5.1cm. The fixed frame 1 is installed on the river bank protection by fixed rivets 20, and the top is 2cm below the normal water level line.

[0064] The flow-limiting baffle 4 includes a baffle A 14 and a baffle B 15, and the material is PVC board. The baffle A 14 and the baffle B 15 have the same size, with a length of 60cm, a height of 50cm, and a thickness of 3cm. On the baffle A 14 and the baffle B 15, circular water passing holes 16 with a diameter of 5cm are provided. The distance between adjacent two water passing holes 16 in the horizontal left-right direction and the vertical up-down direction (counting from the edge of the water passing hole) is 5cm, and there are a total of 30 water passing holes 16. Grooves are provided 1cm above and 1cm below the baffle A 14 and the baffle B 15. The baffle A and the baffle B are joined with the grooves through bushings, and the water passing aperture can be adjusted by pushing and pulling the baffle B 15 in the left-right direction. One side of the baffle A 14 is installed on the fixed frame 1 by a baffle movable fixed sleeve lock 19, and the installation position is 30cm in front of the ecological construction frame 5.

[0065] The ecological construction frame 5 is made of stainless steel and includes a horizontal interception frame 23 and a vertical diversion frame 24. The horizontal interception frame 23 and the vertical diversion frame 24 have the same dimensions, which are 50 cm in length × 50 cm in height × 5 cm in width. The horizontal interception frame 23 and the vertical diversion frame 24 are connected into one body through a grab ring 7 and an angle adjustment shaft 6. The included angle formed by the horizontal interception frame 23 and the vertical diversion frame 24 can be adjusted to 90 o ; Embed three ecological construction frames 5 into the three card slots 2 of the fixing frame 1 respectively. After embedding, fix the ecological construction frame 5 and the fixing frame 1 with a card 25.

[0066] The filling net cage 8 is made of a stainless steel frame and a PVC plastic net, with dimensions of 49.5 cm in length × 49.5 cm in height × 4.5 cm in width. The aperture of the PVC plastic net is 2 cm. The filling net cage 8 has no partitions. Ceramsite with a particle size of 3 cm is added to the filling net cage 8. The side of the filling net cage 8 is provided with an openable cover 12, which is connected to the stainless steel frame of the filling net cage 8 through a hinge 13 for the replacement and update of the ceramsite.

[0067] When this device is installed and used, it includes the following steps:

[0068] (1) According to the actual situations such as the river water depth, flow velocity and fish population, and combined with the hydraulic flow velocity calculation, determine the water passing aperture of the flow limiting baffle 4 and the opening angle of the ecological construction frame 5;

[0069] (2) Adjust the flow limiting baffle 4: Adjust the water passing aperture of the water passing hole 16 by pushing and pulling the A baffle 14 or the B baffle 15 of the flow limiting baffle 4 in the left - right direction;

[0070] (3) Assemble the ecological construction frame 5: Open the openable cover 12 on the side of the filling net cage 8, add the filling material 9 into the filling net cage 8. After closing the openable cover 12, insert the two filling net cages 8 into the horizontal interception frame 23 and the vertical diversion frame 24 of the ecological construction frame 5 respectively, and fix the filling net cage 8 with a net cage buckle 26;

[0071] (4) Install the fixing frame 1 on the river bank protection with fixing rivets 20, install the flow limiting baffle 4 on the fixing frame 1 with a baffle movable fixing sleeve lock 19, then insert the assembled ecological construction frame 5 into the card slot 2 of the fixing frame 1, and adjust the opening angle of the ecological construction frame 5 by using the grab ring 7 and the angle adjustment shaft 6.

[0072] The opening angle of the ecological construction frame 5 can be obtained by referring to the following formula:

[0073] α = β×arctan(-uy / ux)+90

[0074] In the formula: α is the opening angle of the ecological construction frame 5 ( o); β is an empirical coefficient, and its value range is determined according to tests, generally taking a value of 1; uy is the lateral flow velocity of the river (m / s), ux is the longitudinal flow velocity of the river (m / s), and ux and uy are obtained by calculating with a three-dimensional or two-dimensional hydrodynamic model or through on-site measurement of the river.

[0075] During the use of the device, the turbulent river water passes through the ecological construction frame 5 and the filling cage 8, the flow velocity decreases and the flow pattern changes, forming a slow-flow area on the river bank, providing suitable hydrodynamic conditions for fish; at the same time, the filling material 9 in the filling cage 8 provides a food source for the growth of fish; in addition, during use, according to the change of the flow velocity of the river water and the habitat requirements of different growth stages of fish, by changing the position and water passing aperture of the flow-limiting baffle 4, the opening angle of the ecological construction frame 5, the type of filling material inside the filling cage 8, etc., a habitat condition suitable for the survival and reproduction of various fish can be created; after the device has been used for a period of time, the cage buckle 26 can be opened, the filling cage 8 can be taken out, the openable cover 12 on the side of the filling cage 8 can be opened, and the filling material in the ecological construction frame 5 can be replaced, updated and recycled.

Claims

1. A fish habitat construction device applicable to the shoreline of torrential rivers, characterized in that It includes a fixing frame (1) and several ecological construction units; among them, each ecological construction unit includes a flow-limiting baffle (4) and an ecological construction frame (5); the fixing frame (1) is installed on the river bank (31), and the flow-limiting baffle (4) and the ecological construction frame (5) are installed on the fixing frame (1); during use, the flow-limiting baffle (4) and the ecological construction frame (5) are located in the water body of the river. In the same ecological construction unit, the flow-limiting baffle (4) is located upstream of the ecological construction frame (5), and the area enclosed by the flow-limiting baffle (4), the ecological construction frame (5), and the river bank (31) forms a fish habitat area; The ecological construction frame (5) includes a transverse intercepting frame (23) and a longitudinal diversion frame (24); the front of the transverse intercepting frame (23) faces the upstream direction of the river, the back of the transverse intercepting frame (23) faces the downstream direction of the river, one side of the transverse intercepting frame (23) is fixedly connected to the fixing frame (1), and the other side of the transverse intercepting frame (23) extends towards the river centerline and is rotatably connected to the downstream side of the longitudinal diversion frame (24); the flow-limiting baffle (4) in each ecological construction unit is located in front of the transverse intercepting frame (23) in this ecological construction unit; The transverse intercepting frame (23) and the longitudinal diversion frame (24) have the same width and height; the transverse intercepting frame (23) and the longitudinal diversion frame (24) are connected into one body through a grab ring (7) and an angle adjustment shaft (6); on the side of the fixing frame (1) facing the ecological construction frame (5), there are card slots (2) distributed, and on the side of the transverse intercepting frame (23) in each ecological construction frame (5) facing the fixing frame (1), it is embedded in the corresponding card slot (2) to be connected to the fixing frame (1); Inside the transverse intercepting frame (23) and the longitudinal diversion frame (24) respectively, there are filled with filling mesh boxes (8), and inside the filling mesh boxes (8), there are filled with filling materials (9); The filling mesh box (8) includes an outer frame (27), an isolation net (28), and partition boards (29), and the isolation net (28) wraps around the periphery of the outer frame (27); the inside of the filling mesh box (8) is divided into N intervals from top to bottom by N - 1 partition boards (29), and the filling materials (9) are dispersedly filled in the N intervals; the filling materials (9) are hard spherical porous materials, and the particle size of the filling materials (9) is 1 cm - 3 cm; The current-limiting baffle (4) includes a baffle A (14) and a baffle B (15). The baffle A (14) and the baffle B (15) have the same size. First water holes (16-1) are equidistantly distributed along the longitudinal and transverse directions on the baffle A (14). Second water holes (16-2) are equidistantly distributed along the longitudinal and transverse directions on the baffle B (15). The positions of the first water holes (16-1) on the baffle A (14) correspond to those of the second water holes (16-2) on the baffle B (15). One side of the baffle A (14) is fixed to the river revetment (31) through a fixing frame (1). The baffle B (15) is overlapped with the baffle A (14) and is slidably connected to the baffle A (14). During use, the baffle B (15) is pushed and pulled in the left-right direction to make the second water holes (16-2) on the baffle B (15) overlap or partially cover the first water holes (16-1) on the baffle A (14). The fixing frame (1) is installed on the river revetment (31) through a fixed installation method or the fixing frame (1) is installed on the river revetment (31) through a self-lifting installation method. The fixing frame (1) being installed on the river revetment (31) through a fixed installation method specifically includes installing the fixing frame (1) parallel to the riverbank on the river revetment (31) with fixing rivets (20). The fixing frame (1) being installed on the river revetment (31) through a self-lifting installation method specifically includes driving fixing piles (21) in the riverbed along the river shoreline. At this time, the fixing frame (1) has collar rings (3) and float fixing rings (30). The collar rings (3) are distributed on both sides of the fixing frame (1). The collar rings (3) on both sides of the fixing frame (1) are passed through the fixing piles (21). A float (22) is connected to the float fixing ring (30). The fixing frame (1) is automatically lifted and lowered along the fixing piles (21) with the change of water level through the buoyancy of the float (22).

2. The fish habitat construction device applicable to the shoreline of torrential rivers according to claim 1, characterized in that There is no contact between the bottom of the ecological construction frame (5) and the bottom of the river.

3. The fish habitat construction device applicable to the shoreline of torrential rivers according to claim 1, characterized in that The transverse intercepting frame (23) and the longitudinal diversion frame (24) in the ecological construction frame (5) are rotatably connected in an L shape. The transverse intercepting frame (23) and the longitudinal diversion frame (24) jointly form an L-shaped corner frame. The included angle formed between the transverse intercepting frame (23) and the longitudinal diversion frame (24) can be adjusted.

4. The fish habitat construction device for the shoreline of torrential rivers according to claim 1, characterized in that Submerged plants (10) and / or snail animals (11) are also filled inside the filling net cage (8).

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