An active OLED display

Abstract

Disclosed is an active OLED display comprising a series of independently driven OLED devices, the devices comprising: an anode, a cathode, and a light-emitting layer between the two, an electron transport layer between the cathode and the light-emitting layer, and an electron blocking layer between the anode and the light-emitting layer. The series of OLED devices comprises three devices for red, green and blue light, the electron transport layer of the three devices comprising a first compound, the electron blocking layer comprising a second compound, the light-emitting layer of at least one device comprising the first compound and the second compound, and the light-emitting layer of at least another device comprising the second compound. The OLED display with the above specific structure can reduce the number of materials, simplify the process flow, reduce the potential barrier between layers, and improve the red, green and blue devices in terms of voltage, efficiency and lifespan, and has a broad application prospect in RGB full-color active OLED displays. Also disclosed is a display assembly comprising the active OLED display.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an active OLED display. More particularly, it relates to an active OLED display having a specific device structure. Background Technology

[0002] Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) convert electrical energy into light by applying a voltage across their terminals. Typically, an OLED comprises an anode, a cathode, and an organic layer between the anode and cathode. This organic layer includes a hole injection layer (HIL), a hole transport layer (HTL), an electron blocking layer (EBL), and an emissive layer (EML, comprising a host material and doped materials), where the hole blocking layer is an optional functional layer. Depending on their function, the materials comprising the organic layer can be categorized as hole injection materials, hole transport materials, electron blocking materials, host materials, emissive materials, hole blocking materials, electron transport materials, and electron injection materials. When a bias voltage is applied to the device, holes are injected from the anode into the emissive layer, and electrons are injected from the cathode into the emissive layer. Holes and electrons meet in the emissive layer to form excitons, which recombine to emit light. In organic thin films, the electron mobility is generally much lower than the hole mobility. This leads to the accumulation of excessive holes in the light-emitting layer, which in turn causes the formation of non-luminescent positive ion compounds, resulting in reduced device brightness and lifetime. To achieve a better carrier balance, in addition to the electron transport material, another molecule is usually introduced into the electron transport layer to improve the electron transport characteristics of the device. These include LiQ, LiF, CsF, etc., or some n-type conductive doped materials, such as TTN, BEDT-TTF, etc., or some highly active metals, such as Li, Cs, Mg, and Ca.

[0003] Electron blocking and electron transport layers are crucial functional layers affecting the performance of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The selection and combination of their materials significantly influence the driving voltage, efficiency, and lifetime of OLEDs. Commercially, obtaining OLEDs with low driving voltage, high efficiency, and long lifespan necessitates the development of novel electron blocking and electron transport materials, and the selection of appropriate material combinations is equally important for achieving these goals. In the OLED display field, the introduction of electron blocking and electron transport layers must ensure that at least some of the device performance (red, green, and blue) is improved without drastically negatively impacting other performance characteristics before it can be applied to OLED displays that require the simultaneous use of red, green, and blue colors.

[0004] In an OLED device, interface issues such as energy levels and / or molecular alignment may exist between different organic layers, affecting device performance. However, currently commercially available structures typically use more than 12 types of organic materials, especially green light, which generally employs a dual-substrate structure. Therefore, in the field of OLED displays, it is particularly important to use device structures with fewer material types. This can effectively reduce the impact of interface defects between organic layers, thereby improving display performance. Our research found that using one or more of the same materials as the emissive layer for the electron blocking layer and electron transport layer can reduce the impact of interfaces, thus improving device performance. Simultaneously, it can effectively reduce the types of materials used, lowering material costs and achieving greater economic benefits. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention addresses at least some of the aforementioned problems by disclosing an active OLED display with a specific device structure. This display can save on material types and improve display performance. Compared to conventional structures, it offers improvements in voltage, efficiency, and lifespan, demonstrating significant advantages for commercial applications.

[0006] According to one embodiment of the present invention, an active OLED display is disclosed, which includes a series of OLED devices and driving devices;

[0007] The series of OLED devices are driven independently by a driving device;

[0008] The series of OLED devices includes a cathode, an anode, a light-emitting layer disposed between the cathode and the anode, an electron transport layer disposed between the cathode and the light-emitting layer, and an electron blocking layer disposed between the anode and the light-emitting layer.

[0009] The series of OLED devices includes a first OLED device, a second OLED device, and a third OLED device;

[0010] The first OLED device emits light with a peak wavelength greater than or equal to 400 nm and less than or equal to 500 nm;

[0011] The second OLED device emits light with a peak wavelength greater than 500 nm and less than or equal to 600 nm;

[0012] The third OLED device emits light with a peak wavelength greater than 600 nm and less than or equal to 800 nm;

[0013] The electron transport layers of the first OLED device, the second OLED device, and the third OLED device all contain the first compound;

[0014] The electron blocking layers of the first OLED device, the second OLED device, and the third OLED device all contain the second compound;

[0015] The light-emitting layer of at least one of the first OLED device, the second OLED device, and the third OLED device comprises the first compound and the second compound, and the light-emitting layer of at least another OLED device comprises the second compound.

[0016] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a display component comprising the active OLED display described in the above embodiments is also disclosed.

[0017] This invention discloses an active-matrix OLED display with low voltage, high efficiency, and long lifespan. This active-matrix OLED display features a unique device structure that not only improves the overall performance of the device but also saves on material types. Through the optimization of its device structure, compared to conventional structures, it achieves improvements in voltage, efficiency, and lifespan, offering significant advantages for commercial applications. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the organic light-emitting device 100.

[0019] Figure 2a This is a schematic diagram of the structure 200 of the organic layer between the anode and cathode in the red, green and blue light-emitting units (devices) of a commercial OLED display.

[0020] Figure 2b This is a schematic diagram of the structure 300 of the organic layer between the anode and cathode in the red, green and blue light-emitting units (devices) of a commercial OLED display.

[0021] Figure 3a This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the organic layer between the anode and cathode in the red, green, and blue light-emitting units (devices) of an OLED display.

[0022] Figure 3b This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the organic layer between the anode and cathode in the red, green, and blue light-emitting units (devices) of an OLED display. Detailed Implementation

[0023] OLEDs can be manufactured on various substrates, such as glass, plastic, and metal. Figure 1An organic light-emitting device 100 is illustrated schematically and non-limitingly. Device 100 may include a substrate 101, an anode 110, a hole injection layer 120, a hole transport layer 130, an electron blocking layer 140, a light-emitting layer 150, a hole blocking layer 160, an electron transport layer 170, an electron injection layer 180, and a cathode 190. The figures are not necessarily drawn to scale, and some layer structures may be omitted as needed; for example, the hole blocking layer 160 may be omitted if necessary. Device 100 can be fabricated by sequentially depositing the described layers. The properties and functions of each layer, as well as exemplary materials, are described in more detail in columns 6-10 of U.S. Patent 7,279,704B2, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0024] Each of these layers has numerous examples. For instance, a flexible and transparent substrate-anode combination is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,844,363, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. An example of a p-doped hole transport layer is m-MTDATA doped with F4-TCNQ at a molar ratio of 50:1, as disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003 / 0230980, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. An example of a host material is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 6,303,238 to Thompson et al., which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. An example of an n-doped electron transport layer is BPhen doped with Li at a molar ratio of 1:1, as disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003 / 0230980, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Examples of cathodes are disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,703,436 and 5,707,745, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. These cathodes comprise composite cathodes having a thin metal layer, such as Mg:Ag, overlaid with a transparent, conductive, sputter-deposited ITO layer. The principles and use of barrier layers are described in more detail in U.S. Patent No. 6,097,147 and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003 / 0230980, which are also incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Examples of implantation layers are provided in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2004 / 0174116, which is also incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. A description of protective layers can be found in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2004 / 0174116, which is also incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0025] The layered structure described above is provided through non-limiting embodiments. The functionality of an OLED can be achieved by combining the various layers described above, or some layers can be omitted entirely. It may also include other layers not explicitly described. Within each layer, a single material or a mixture of multiple materials can be used to achieve optimal performance. Any functional layer may include several sublayers. For example, a light-emitting layer may have two different light-emitting materials to achieve a desired emission spectrum.

[0026] In one embodiment, an OLED can be described as having an "organic layer" disposed between a cathode and an anode. This organic layer may include one or more layers.

[0027] The term "OLED device" includes an anode layer, a cathode layer, and one or more organic layers disposed between the anode layer and the cathode layer. An "OLED device" can be bottom-emitting, that is, emitting light from the substrate side, or top-emitting, that is, emitting light from the encapsulation layer side, or a transparent device, that is, emitting light from both the substrate and encapsulation sides.

[0028] The term "electron transport layer" refers to an organic layer containing materials with good electron transport properties and materials used to enhance the electron transport properties of the aforementioned materials. The materials that enhance electron transport properties include, but are not limited to, LiQ, LiF, CsF, etc., or may include some n-type conductive doped materials, including but not limited to TTN, BEDT-TTF, etc., and may also include some highly active metals, including but not limited to Li, Cs, Mg, and Ca, etc.

[0029] The term "electron transport material" refers to the material with electron transport properties used in the electron transport layer. The electron transport layer is typically located between the light-emitting layer and the cathode, and its thickness is generally 30-50 nm. Sometimes a hole-blocking layer, typically 5-10 nm thick and undoped, can be added between the electron transport layer and the light-emitting layer; sometimes an electron injection layer, typically less than 5 nm thick and undoped, can be added between the electron transport layer and the cathode. The "light-emitting unit" includes the light-emitting layer, electron-blocking layer, hole-blocking layer, electron transport layer, and hole transport layer, etc., and its driving circuit is constructed separately, so the light-emitting unit is driven independently.

[0030] As used in this article, the term "independent drive" refers to two or more OLED devices being controlled separately. Although these OLED devices may be connected to the same controller or power line, there can be circuitry to divide the drive paths and power each device without affecting each other.

[0031] As used in this article, the term "single-layer device" refers to a device with a single light-emitting layer and a matching hole and electron transport layer between a pair of anodes and cathodes.

[0032] As used in this article, the term "stacked device" refers to a device structure with multiple light-emitting layers between a pair of anodes and cathodes, each of which has its own independent hole transport layer and electron transport layer. Each light-emitting layer and its associated hole transport layer and electron transport layer constitute a single light-emitting layer. These single light-emitting layers are connected by charge generation layers. A device with multiple such single light-emitting layers is called a "stacked device".

[0033] OLEDs also require an encapsulation layer, for example in Figure 1 The organic light-emitting device 100 shown may also include an encapsulation layer above the cathode 190 to protect against harmful substances from the environment, such as moisture and oxygen. The "encapsulation layer" can be a thin-film encapsulation with a thickness of less than 100 micrometers, comprising one or more thin films directly disposed on the device, or it can be a cover glass adhered to a substrate. Any material capable of providing encapsulation can be used as the encapsulation layer, such as glass or an organic-inorganic hybrid layer. The encapsulation layer should be placed directly or indirectly on the outside of the OLED device. Multilayer thin-film encapsulation is described in U.S. Patent 7,968,146B2, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0034] Active OLED displays manufactured according to embodiments of the present invention can be incorporated into various consumer products having one or more electronic component modules (or units) of the display. Some examples of such consumer products include flat panel displays, monitors, medical monitors, televisions, billboards, head-up displays, fully or partially transparent displays, flexible displays, smartphones, tablet computers, phablets, wearable devices, smartwatches, laptop computers, digital cameras, portable camcorders, viewfinders, microdisplays, 3D displays, and vehicle displays.

[0035] The materials and structures described in this article can also be used in other organic electronic devices listed above.

[0036] As used herein, "top" means furthest from the substrate, and "bottom" means closest to the substrate. When the first layer is described as being "disposed" on the second layer, the first layer is positioned further from the substrate. Unless it is specified that the first layer "contacts" the second layer, other layers may exist between the first and second layers. For example, even if various organic layers exist between the cathode and anode, the cathode may still be described as being "disposed" on the anode.

[0037] As used herein, “solution-handleable” means capable of being dissolved, dispersed or transported in and / or deposited from a liquid medium in the form of a solution or suspension.

[0038] When a ligand is believed to directly contribute to the photosensitivity of the emitting material, the ligand can be called "photosensitive." When a ligand is believed not to contribute to the photosensitivity of the emitting material, the ligand can be called "auxiliary," but auxiliary ligands can alter the properties of photosensitivity ligands.

[0039] It is believed that the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of fluorescent OLEDs can exceed the 25% spin statistical limit through delayed fluorescence. Delayed fluorescence can generally be divided into two types: P-type delayed fluorescence and E-type delayed fluorescence. P-type delayed fluorescence is generated by triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA).

[0040] On the other hand, E-type delayed fluorescence does not depend on the collision of two triplet states, but rather on the transition between triplet and singlet excited states. Compounds capable of producing E-type delayed fluorescence need to have a very small singlet-triple gap to facilitate the transition between energy states. Thermal energy can activate the transition from triplet to singlet. This type of delayed fluorescence is also called thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). A significant characteristic of TADF is that the delayed component increases with increasing temperature. If the reverse system crossover (RISC) rate is fast enough to minimize the nonradiative decay from the triplet state, the fraction of singlet excited states that are refilled can reach 75%. The total singlet fraction can be 100%, far exceeding the 25% spin statistics of electrogenerated excitons.

[0041] E-type delayed fluorescence can be observed in excited complex systems or single compounds. Unbound by theory, it is believed that E-type delayed fluorescence requires the luminescent material to have a small singlet-triple bandgap (ΔE). S-T Organic, nonmetallic donor-acceptor luminescent materials may be able to achieve this. The emission of these materials is typically characterized as donor-acceptor charge transfer (CT) emission. Spatial separation of the HOMO and LUMO in these donor-acceptor compounds usually produces small ΔE. S-T These states can include CT states. Typically, donor-acceptor luminescent materials are constructed by linking an electron donor moiety (e.g., an amino or carbazole derivative) with an electron acceptor moiety (e.g., an N-containing six-membered aromatic ring).

[0042] Definition of the term "substituent group"

[0043] Halogens or halides – as used herein, include fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.

[0044] Alkyl – As used herein, includes straight-chain and branched alkyl groups. An alkyl group can be an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Examples of alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl, n-dodecyl, n-tridecyl, n-tetradecyl, n-pentadecanyl, n-hexadecyl, n-heptadecyl, n-octadecyl, neopentyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 1-pentylhexyl, 1-butylpentyl, 1-heptyloctyl, and 3-methylpentyl. Among the above, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, neopentyl, and n-hexyl are preferred. Additionally, the alkyl group may optionally be substituted.

[0045] Cycloalkyl – As used herein, it comprises cyclic alkyl groups. The cycloalkyl group can be a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably a cycloalkyl group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms. Examples of cycloalkyl groups include cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 4-methylcyclohexyl, 4,4-dimethylcyclohexyl, 1-adamantyl, 2-adamantyl, 1-norbornyl, 2-norbornyl, etc. Among the above, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 4-methylcyclohexyl, and 4,4-dimethylcyclohexyl are preferred. Furthermore, the cycloalkyl group may optionally be substituted.

[0046] Heteroalkyl – as used herein, a heteroalkyl group comprises one or more carbon atoms in an alkyl chain that are replaced by heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium, phosphorus, silicon, germanium, and boron atoms. The heteroalkyl group can be a heteroalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably a heteroalkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably a heteroalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Examples of heteroalkyl groups include methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, ethoxyethyl, methylthiomethyl, ethylthiomethyl, ethylthioethyl, methoxymethoxymethyl, ethoxymethoxymethyl, ethoxyethoxyethyl, hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, mercaptomethyl, mercaptoethyl, mercaptopropyl, aminomethyl, aminoethyl, aminopropyl, dimethylaminomethyl, trimethylgermanylmethyl, trimethylgermanylethyl, trimethylgermanylisopropyl, dimethylethylgermanylmethyl, dimethylisopropylgermanylmethyl, tert-butyldimethylgermanylmethyl, triethylgermanylmethyl, triethylgermanylethyl, triisopropylgermanylmethyl, triisopropylgermanylethyl, trimethylsilylmethyl, trimethylsilylethyl, trimethylsilylisopropyl, triisopropylsilylmethyl, triisopropylsilylethyl. Additionally, heteroalkyl groups may optionally be substituted.

[0047] Alkenyl – as used herein, encompasses straight-chain, branched, and cyclic olefinic groups. An alkenyl group can be an alkenyl group containing 2 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms. Examples of alkenyl groups include vinyl, propenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 1,3-butadienyl, 1-methylvinyl, styryl, 2,2-diphenylvinyl, 1,2-diphenylvinyl, 1-methylallyl, 1,1-dimethylallyl, 2-methylallyl, 1-phenylallyl, 2-phenylallyl, 3-phenylallyl, 3,3-diphenylallyl, 1,2-dimethylallyl, 1-phenyl-1-butenyl, 3-phenyl-1-butenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclopentadienyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl, cyclohepttrienyl, cyclooctenyl, cyclooctatetraenyl, and norbornyl. In addition, the alkenyl group can be optionally substituted.

[0048] Alkynyl – As used herein, this term encompasses straight-chain alkynyl groups. An alkynyl group can be one containing 2 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms. Examples of alkynyl groups include ethynyl, propynyl, propynyl, 1-butynyl, 2-butynyl, 3-butynyl, 1-pentynyl, 2-pentynyl, 3,3-dimethyl-1-butynyl, 3-ethyl-3-methyl-1-pentynyl, 3,3-diisopropyl-1-pentynyl, phenylethynyl, phenylpropynyl, etc. Among the above, ethynyl, propynyl, propynyl, 1-butynyl, 2-butynyl, 3-butynyl, 1-pentynyl, and phenylethynyl are preferred. Furthermore, the alkynyl group may be optionally substituted.

[0049] Aryl or aromatic group – as used herein, both non-fused and fused systems are considered. The aryl group can be an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and more preferably an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms. Examples of aryl groups include phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, triphenylene, tetraphenylene, naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, fluorene, pyrene, phenylene oxide, perylene oxide, and azurite, with phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, triphenylene, fluorene, and naphthalene being preferred. Examples of non-fused aryl groups include phenyl, biphenyl-2-yl, biphenyl-3-yl, biphenyl-4-yl, p-terphenyl-4-yl, p-terphenyl-3-yl, p-terphenyl-2-yl, m-terphenyl-4-yl, m-terphenyl-3-yl, m-terphenyl-2-yl, o-tolyl, m-tolyl, p-tolyl, p-(2-phenylpropyl)phenyl, 4'-methylbiphenyl, 4''-tert-butyl-p-terphenyl-4-yl, o-cumyl, m-cumyl, p-cumyl, 2,3-xylyl, 3,4-xylyl, 2,5-xylyl, mesitylene, and m-tetraphenyl. Additionally, the aryl group may optionally be substituted.

[0050] Heterocyclic groups or heterocycles – as used herein, non-aromatic cyclic groups are considered. Non-aromatic heterocyclic groups include saturated heterocyclic groups having 3-20 ring atoms and unsaturated non-aromatic heterocyclic groups having 3-20 ring atoms, wherein at least one ring atom is selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium, silicon, phosphorus, germanium, and boron atoms. Preferred non-aromatic heterocyclic groups are those having 3 to 7 ring atoms, including at least one heteroatom such as nitrogen, oxygen, silicon, or sulfur. Examples of non-aromatic heterocyclic groups include ethylene oxide, oxetane, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, dioxopentacyclic, dioxahexacyclic, acridineyl, dihydropyrroleyl, tetrahydropyrroleyl, piperidinyl, oxazolidinyl, morpholinyl, piperazineyl, oxetane-heptanetrienyl, thioheptanetrienyl, azirane-heptanetrienyl, and tetrahydrothiorroleyl. In addition, the heterocyclic group can be optionally substituted.

[0051] Heteroaryl – as used herein, can be a non-fused or fused heteroaryl group comprising 1 to 5 heteroatoms, wherein at least one heteroatom is selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium, silicon, phosphorus, germanium, and boron. Isoaryl also refers to heteroaryl. Heteroaryl can be a heteroaryl having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably a heteroaryl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, and more preferably a heteroaryl having 3 to 12 carbon atoms. Suitable heteroaryl groups include dibenzothiophene, dibenzofuran, dibenzoselenophene, furan, thiophene, benzofuran, benzothiophene, benzoselenophene, carbazole, indolecarbazole, pyridineindole, pyrrolopyridine, pyrazole, imidazole, triazole, oxazole, thiazole, oxadiazole, oxtriazole, dioxazole, thiadiazol, pyridine, pyrazine, pyrazine, triazine, oxazine, oxthiazine, oxadiazine, indole, benzimidazole, indazole, indoxazine, benzoxazole, benzoisoxazole, benzothiazole, quinoline, isoquinoline Phosphine, cyclophosphine, quinazoline, quinoxaline, naphthidine, phthalazine, pteridine, xanthan, acridine, phenazine, phenothiazine, benzofuranopyridine, furanodipyridine, benzothiophenopyridine, thiophenodipyridine, benzoselenophenopyridine, selenobenzodipyridine, preferably dibenzothiophene, dibenzofuran, dibenzoselenophene, carbazole, indolocarbazole, imidazole, pyridine, triazine, benzimidazole, 1,2-azaborane, 1,3-azaborane, 1,4-azaborane, boronazole and its aza analogues. Additionally, the heteroaryl group may optionally be substituted.

[0052] Alkoxy groups – as used herein, are represented by -O-alkyl, -O-cycloalkyl, -O-heteroalkyl, or -O-heterocyclic groups. Examples and preferred examples of alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, and heterocyclic groups are the same as described above. An alkoxy group can be an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Examples of alkoxy groups include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, pentoxy, hexoxy, cyclopropyloxy, cyclobutyloxy, cyclopentoxy, cyclohexyloxy, tetrahydrofuranyloxy, tetrahydropyranyloxy, methoxypropyloxy, ethoxyethyloxy, methoxymethyloxy, and ethoxymethyloxy. Additionally, alkoxy groups may optionally be substituted.

[0053] Aryloxy group – as used herein, is represented by -O-aryl or -O-heteroaryl. Examples and preferred examples of aryl and heteroaryl groups are the same as described above. The aryloxy group can be an aryloxy group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably an aryloxy group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms. Examples of aryloxy groups include phenoxy and biphenyloxy groups. Additionally, the aryloxy group may optionally be substituted.

[0054] Arylalkyl – As used herein, this encompasses aryl-substituted alkyl groups. An arylalkyl group can be an arylalkyl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably an arylalkyl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms, and more preferably an arylalkyl group having 7 to 13 carbon atoms. Examples of arylalkyl groups include benzyl, 1-phenylethyl, 2-phenylethyl, 1-phenylisopropyl, 2-phenylisopropyl, phenyl tert-butyl, α-naphthylmethyl, 1-α-naphthyl-ethyl, 2-α-naphthylethyl, 1-α-naphthylisopropyl, 2-α-naphthylisopropyl, β-naphthylmethyl, 1-β-naphthyl-ethyl, 2-β-naphthyl-ethyl, 1-β-naphthylisopropyl, 2-β-naphthylisopropyl, p-methylbenzyl, m-methylbenzyl The compounds include alkyl groups, such as o-methylbenzyl, p-chlorobenzyl, m-chlorobenzyl, o-chlorobenzyl, p-bromobenzyl, m-bromobenzyl, o-bromobenzyl, p-iodobenzyl, m-iodobenzyl, o-iodobenzyl, p-hydroxybenzyl, m-hydroxybenzyl, o-hydroxybenzyl, p-aminobenzyl, m-aminobenzyl, o-aminobenzyl, p-nitrobenzyl, m-nitrobenzyl, o-nitrobenzyl, p-cyanobenzyl, m-cyanobenzyl, o-cyanobenzyl, 1-hydroxy-2-phenylisopropyl, and 1-chloro-2-phenylisopropyl. Among the above, benzyl, p-cyanobenzyl, m-cyanobenzyl, o-cyanobenzyl, 1-phenylethyl, 2-phenylethyl, 1-phenylisopropyl, and 2-phenylisopropyl are preferred. Additionally, the alkyl group may optionally be substituted.

[0055] Alkylsilyl – As used herein, this encompasses alkyl-substituted silyl groups. The alkylsilyl group can be an alkylsilyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably an alkylsilyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms. Examples of alkylsilyl groups include trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, methyldiethylsilyl, ethyldimethylsilyl, tripropylsilyl, tributylsilyl, triisopropylsilyl, methyldiisopropylsilyl, dimethylisopropylsilyl, tritert-butylsilyl, triisobutylsilyl, dimethyltert-butylsilyl, and methylditert-butylsilyl. Additionally, the alkylsilyl group may optionally be substituted.

[0056] Arylsilane – As used herein, encompasses at least one aryl-substituted silane group. The arylsilane can be an arylsilane having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably an arylsilane having 8 to 20 carbon atoms. Examples of arylsilanes include triphenylsilyl, phenyldiphenylsilyl, diphenylbiphenylsilyl, phenyldiethylsilyl, diphenylethylsilyl, phenyldimethylsilyl, diphenylmethylsilyl, phenyldiisopropylsilyl, diphenylisopropylsilyl, diphenylbutylsilyl, diphenylisobutylsilyl, and diphenyltert-butylsilyl. Additionally, the arylsilane may optionally be substituted.

[0057] Alkylgermanium group – As used herein, this encompasses alkyl-substituted germanium groups. The alkylgermanium group can be an alkylgermanium group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably an alkylgermanium group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms. Examples of alkylgermanium groups include trimethylgermanium, triethylgermanium, methyldiethylgermanium, ethyldimethylgermanium, tripropylgermanium, tributylgermanium, triisopropylgermanium, methyldiisopropylgermanium, dimethylisopropylgermanium, tritert-butylgermanium, triisobutylgermanium, dimethyltert-butylgermanium, and methylditert-butylgermanium. Additionally, the alkylgermanium group may optionally be substituted.

[0058] Arylgermanium – As used herein, this encompasses a germanium group substituted with at least one aryl or heteroaryl group. The arylgermanium group can be an arylgermanium group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably an arylgermanium group having 8 to 20 carbon atoms. Examples of arylgermanium groups include triphenylgermanium, phenyldiphenylgermanium, diphenylbiphenylgermanium, phenyldiethylgermanium, diphenylethylgermanium, phenyldimethylgermanium, diphenylmethylgermanium, phenyldiisopropylgermanium, diphenylisopropylgermanium, diphenylbutylgermanium, diphenylisobutylgermanium, and diphenyltert-butylgermanium. Additionally, the arylgermanium group may optionally be substituted.

[0059] The term "aza" in azadibenzofuran, azadibenzothiophene, etc., refers to the substitution of one or more CH groups in the corresponding aromatic segment by a nitrogen atom. For example, azatriphenylene includes dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline, dibenzo[f,h]quinoline, and other analogs having two or more nitrogen atoms in the ring system. Other nitrogen analogs of the aforementioned aza derivatives will readily conceive of those skilled in the art, and all such analogs are identified as being included in the terminology used herein.

[0060] In this disclosure, unless otherwise defined, the term "substituted alkyl", "substituted cycloalkyl", "substituted heteroalkyl", "substituted heterocyclic", "substituted aralkyl", "substituted alkoxy", "substituted aryl", "substituted alkenyl", "substituted alkynyl", "substituted heteroaryl", "substituted alkylsilyl", "substituted arylsilyl", "substituted alkylgermanium", "substituted arylgermanium", "substituted amino", "substituted acyl", "substituted carbonyl", and "substituted carboxylic acid" are used interchangeably. The substituted ester group, substituted sulfinyl group, substituted sulfonyl group, substituted phosphinyl group refers to any one of the following groups: alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, heterocyclic, aralkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkylsilyl, arylsilyl, alkylgermanium, arylgermanium, amino, acyl, carbonyl, carboxylic acid, ester, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, and phosphinyl groups. One or more groups can be selected from deuterium, halogen, unsubstituted alkyl groups having 1-20 carbon atoms. Cycloalkyl groups having 3-20 carbon atoms, unsubstituted heteroalkyl groups having 1-20 carbon atoms, unsubstituted heterocyclic groups having 3-20 carbon atoms, unsubstituted aralkyl groups having 7-30 carbon atoms, unsubstituted alkoxy groups having 1-20 carbon atoms, unsubstituted aryloxy groups having 6-30 carbon atoms, unsubstituted alkenyl groups having 2-20 carbon atoms, unsubstituted alkynyl groups having 2-20 carbon atoms, and unsubstituted alkyne groups having 6-30 carbon atoms. Aryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl with 3-30 carbon atoms, unsubstituted alkylsilyl with 3-20 carbon atoms, unsubstituted arylsilyl with 6-20 carbon atoms, unsubstituted alkylgermanium with 3-20 carbon atoms, unsubstituted arylgermanium with 6-20 carbon atoms, unsubstituted amino, acyl, carbonyl, carboxylic acid, ester, cyano, isocyano, mercapto, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphine, and combinations thereof with 0-20 carbon atoms.

[0061] It should be understood that when a molecular fragment is described as a substituent or otherwise attached to another part, its name may be written according to whether it is a fragment (e.g., phenyl, phenylene, naphthyl, dibenzofuranyl) or according to whether it is a whole molecule (e.g., benzene, naphthalene, dibenzofuran). As used herein, these different ways of specifying substituents or attaching fragments are considered equivalent.

[0062] In the compounds mentioned in this disclosure, hydrogen atoms can be partially or completely replaced by deuterium. Other atoms such as carbon and nitrogen can also be replaced by their other stable isotopes. Substitution with other stable isotopes in the compounds is likely preferred due to their ability to enhance device efficiency and stability.

[0063] In the compounds mentioned in this disclosure, multiple substitution refers to the range including disubstitution, up to the maximum number of available substitutions. When a substituent in a compound mentioned in this disclosure represents multiple substitution (including disubstitution, trisubstitution, tetrasubstitution, etc.), it means that the substituent can be present at multiple available substitution positions on its linkage structure. The substituent present at multiple available substitution positions can be the same structure or different structures.

[0064] In the compounds mentioned in this disclosure, unless explicitly specified, for example, that adjacent substituents can optionally connect to form a ring, adjacent substituents in the compounds cannot connect to form a ring. In the compounds mentioned in this disclosure, the optional connection of adjacent substituents to form a ring includes both cases where adjacent substituents can connect to form a ring and cases where adjacent substituents do not connect to form a ring. When adjacent substituents can optionally connect to form a ring, the formed ring can be a monocyclic or polycyclic ring (including spirocyclic, bridged, fused rings, etc.), as well as an alicyclic, heterocyclic, aromatic, or heteroaromatic ring. In this context, adjacent substituents can refer to substituents bonded to the same atom, substituents bonded to carbon atoms directly bonded to each other, or substituents bonded to carbon atoms further away. Preferably, adjacent substituents refer to substituents bonded to the same carbon atom and substituents bonded to carbon atoms directly bonded to each other.

[0065] The statement that adjacent substituents can optionally connect to form a ring is also intended to be understood as referring to two substituents bonded to the same carbon atom connecting to each other via chemical bonds to form a ring, as exemplified by the following formula:

[0066] .

[0067] The statement that adjacent substituents can optionally link to form a ring is also intended to be understood as referring to two substituents bonded to carbon atoms directly bonded to each other forming a ring through chemical bonds, as exemplified by the following formula:

[0068] .

[0069] The statement that adjacent substituents can optionally connect to form a ring is also intended to be understood as referring to two substituents bonded to a further distant carbon atom connecting to each other by chemical bonds to form a ring, which can be exemplified by the following formula:

[0070] .

[0071] Furthermore, the statement that adjacent substituents can optionally connect to form a ring is also intended to mean that, in the case where one of the two adjacent substituents represents hydrogen, the second substituent bonds to the position where the hydrogen atom is bonded, thereby forming a ring. This is illustrated by the following example:

[0072] .

[0073] According to one embodiment of the present invention, an active OLED display is disclosed, which includes a series of OLED devices and driving devices;

[0074] The series of OLED devices are driven independently by a driving device;

[0075] The series of OLED devices includes a cathode, an anode, a light-emitting layer disposed between the cathode and the anode, an electron transport layer disposed between the cathode and the light-emitting layer, and an electron blocking layer disposed between the anode and the light-emitting layer.

[0076] The series of OLED devices includes a first OLED device, a second OLED device, and a third OLED device;

[0077] The first OLED device emits light with a peak wavelength greater than or equal to 400 nm and less than or equal to 500 nm;

[0078] The second OLED device emits light with a peak wavelength greater than 500 nm and less than or equal to 600 nm;

[0079] The third OLED device emits light with a peak wavelength greater than 600 nm and less than or equal to 800 nm;

[0080] The electron transport layers of the first OLED device, the second OLED device, and the third OLED device all contain the first compound;

[0081] The electron blocking layers of the first OLED device, the second OLED device, and the third OLED device all contain the second compound;

[0082] The light-emitting layer of at least one of the first OLED device, the second OLED device, and the third OLED device comprises the first compound and the second compound, and the light-emitting layer of at least another OLED device comprises the second compound.

[0083] In this embodiment, the "first compound" in the light-emitting layer refers to a compound having the same chemical structure as the first compound contained in the aforementioned electron transport layer, or a deuterated variant of the first compound contained in the aforementioned electron transport layer. Similarly, the "second compound" in the light-emitting layer refers to a compound having the same chemical structure as the second compound contained in the aforementioned electron blocking layer, or a deuterated variant of the second compound contained in the aforementioned electron blocking layer. The deuterated variant refers to a compound obtained by partially or completely replacing the hydrogen in the compound with deuterium.

[0084] In this embodiment, the first compound has the property of transporting electrons in the electron transport layer, and the second compound has the property of transporting holes in the electron blocking layer.

[0085] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the light-emitting layer of at least one of the first OLED device, the second OLED device, and the third OLED device is in direct contact with the electron transport layer.

[0086] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the light-emitting layers of the first OLED device, the second OLED device, and the third OLED device are all in direct contact with the electron transport layer.

[0087] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the light-emitting layers of the first OLED device, the second OLED device, and the third OLED device are in direct contact with the electron blocking layer.

[0088] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the light-emitting layer of the second OLED device comprises a first compound and a second compound.

[0089] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the light-emitting layer of the first OLED device and / or the third OLED device comprises a second compound.

[0090] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the first compound and the second compound are used to prepare the light-emitting layer by premixing, or the first compound and the second compound are used to prepare the light-emitting layer by co-evaporation.

[0091] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the series of OLED devices may be selected from single-layer OLED devices or stacked OLED devices, either identically or differently.

[0092] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the driving device is a backplane circuit, which typically includes a series of semiconductor components such as thin-film transistors, capacitors, resistors, and metal interconnects; the backplane circuit can also be a CMOS circuit fabricated on a silicon wafer. The driving device connects to each OLED device via circuitry and can provide independent voltage or current to the OLED devices to enable their operation. The driving device may also include an external interface for connecting to an external power supply, battery, or other circuitry.

[0093] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the first compound has a structure represented by Formula 1:

[0094] ;

[0095] in,

[0096] Z is selected from O, S, or Se;

[0097] A1-A6 are selected from CR each time they appear, either identically or differently. x Or N;

[0098] R y R z Each occurrence, whether identical or different, indicates monosubstituted, polysubstituted, or unsubstituted.

[0099] R x R y and R z Each time it appears, it is selected from the group consisting of the same or different groups of the following: hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups having 1-20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl groups having 3-20 cyclic carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl groups having 1-20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic groups having 3-20 cyclic carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl groups having 7-30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy groups having 1-20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted groups having 6-30 carbon atoms. Aryloxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl groups having 2-20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 6-30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups having 3-30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilyl groups having 3-20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylsilyl groups having 6-20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted amino, acyl, carbonyl, carboxylic acid, ester, cyano, isocyano, hydroxyl, mercapto, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphinyl, and combinations thereof having 0-20 carbon atoms;

[0100] R y and R z At least one of them is an aryl group with 6-30 carbon atoms, either substituted or unsubstituted;

[0101] Ar is selected, either identically or differently, from substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 10-30 carbon atoms.

[0102] According to one embodiment of the present invention, Z is selected from O or S.

[0103] According to one embodiment of the present invention, Z is O.

[0104] According to one embodiment of the present invention, wherein A1-A6 are selected from CR each time they appear, either identically or differently. x .

[0105] According to one embodiment of the present invention, at least one of A1-A6 is selected from N, for example, one or two are selected from N.

[0106] According to one embodiment of the present invention, R x Each time it appears, it is selected from the group consisting of the same or different groups of the following: hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl groups having 3 to 20 cyclic carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, and combinations thereof.

[0107] According to one embodiment of the present invention, R x Each time it appears, it is selected from the group consisting of the following, either the same or different: hydrogen, deuterium, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl, substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl, and combinations thereof.

[0108] According to one embodiment of the present invention, wherein the R y and R z At least one of them is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6-20 carbon atoms; the remaining R y and R z Each time it appears, it is selected from the group consisting of the same or different groups of the following: hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups having 1-20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl groups having 3-20 cyclic carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl groups having 7-30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy groups having 1-20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aroxy groups having 6-30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 6-20 carbon atoms, and combinations thereof.

[0109] According to one embodiment of the present invention, R y and R z At least one is selected from substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenanthryl, substituted or unsubstituted triphenylene, substituted or unsubstituted fluorene, and combinations thereof; the remaining Ry and R z Each time it appears, it is selected from the same or different groups of the following: hydrogen, deuterium, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 6-20 carbon atoms, and combinations thereof.

[0110] According to one embodiment of the invention, the Ar is selected, in the same or different ways, each time it appears, from a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 10-30 carbon atoms. When the Ar is selected from a substituted aryl group having 10-30 carbon atoms, the substitution is selected from the group consisting of: deuterium, halogens, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups having 1-20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl groups having 3-20 cyclic carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 6-30 carbon atoms, and combinations thereof.

[0111] According to one embodiment of the invention, the Ar is selected, in the same or different ways, each time it appears, from a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 10-20 carbon atoms. When the Ar is selected from a substituted aryl group having 10-20 carbon atoms, the substitution is selected from the group consisting of: deuterium, halogens, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups having 1-20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl groups having 3-10 cyclic carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 6-18 carbon atoms, and combinations thereof.

[0112] According to one embodiment of the present invention, wherein the Ar is selected from the group consisting of naphthyl, biphenyl, phenanthryl, terphenyl, triphenylene, deuterated naphthyl, deuterated biphenyl, deuterated phenanthryl, deuterated terphenyl, deuterated triphenylene, and combinations thereof, each time it appears.

[0113] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the first compound is selected from the group consisting of compounds A-1 to A-138:

[0114] , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ， , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , .

[0115] According to one embodiment of the invention, the hydrogen in compounds A-1 to A-138 can be partially or completely replaced by deuterium.

[0116] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the second compound has a structure represented by Formula 2:

[0117] ;

[0118] in,

[0119] L x Each time it appears, it is selected from single bonds, substituted or unsubstituted alkylene groups having 1-20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene groups having 3-20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylene groups having 6-30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene groups having 3-30 carbon atoms, and combinations thereof.

[0120] Ar1 and Ar2, each time they appear, are selected from substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 6-30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups having 3-30 carbon atoms, or combinations thereof;

[0121] X1-X 16 Each occurrence may be selected from C, CR, or N, either identically or differently.

[0122] Among them, one of X5-X8 is selected from C and is related to L. x Connected, X9-X 12 One of them is selected from C and is related to L x Connected;

[0123] R, each time appearing, is selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups having 1-20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl groups having 3-20 cyclic carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl groups having 1-20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic groups having 3-20 cyclic carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl groups having 7-30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy groups having 1-20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted groups having 6-30 carbon atoms. Aryloxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl groups having 2-20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 6-30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups having 3-30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilyl groups having 3-20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylsilyl groups having 6-20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted amino, acyl, carbonyl, carboxylic acid, ester, cyano, isocyano, mercapto, hydroxyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphinyl, and combinations thereof having 0-20 carbon atoms;

[0124] Adjacent substituents R can optionally connect to form a ring.

[0125] In this document, adjacent substituents R can optionally connect to form a ring, which is intended to indicate that any two adjacent substituents R can connect to form a ring. Obviously, any two adjacent R can also not connect to form a ring.

[0126] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the second compound has a structure represented by formula 2-a:

[0127] ;

[0128] in,

[0129] L xEach occurrence is the same or different of a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group having 1-20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene group having 3-20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6-30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 3-30 carbon atoms, and combinations thereof.

[0130] Ar1 and Ar2, each time they appear, are selected from substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 6-30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups having 3-30 carbon atoms, or combinations thereof;

[0131] X1-X5, X7-X 10 and X 12 -X 16 Each occurrence is either identical or different and is selected from CR or N;

[0132] R, each time appearing, is selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups having 1-20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl groups having 3-20 cyclic carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl groups having 1-20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic groups having 3-20 cyclic carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl groups having 7-30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy groups having 1-20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted groups having 6-30 carbon atoms. Aryloxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl groups having 2-20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 6-30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups having 3-30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilyl groups having 3-20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylsilyl groups having 6-20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted amino, acyl, carbonyl, carboxylic acid, ester, cyano, isocyano, mercapto, hydroxyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphinyl, and combinations thereof having 0-20 carbon atoms;

[0133] Adjacent substituents R can optionally connect to form a ring.

[0134] According to one embodiment of the present invention, X1-X5, X7-X 10 and X 12 -X 16 Each time it appears, it is selected from CR, either the same or different.

[0135] According to one embodiment of the present invention, X1-X5, X7-X 10 and X 12 -X 16 At least one of them is selected from N, for example, one or two are selected from N.

[0136] According to one embodiment of the present invention, Lx Each time it appears, it is selected from single bonds, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 6-20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups having 3-20 carbon atoms, or combinations thereof.

[0137] According to one embodiment of the present invention, L x Each time it appears, it is selected from single bonds, substituted or unsubstituted phenylene, substituted or unsubstituted biphenylene, or combinations thereof, either identically or differently.

[0138] According to one embodiment of the present invention, L x It appears as a single key each time.

[0139] According to one embodiment of the present invention, Ar1 and Ar2, each time they appear, are selected from substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 6-20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups having 3-20 carbon atoms, or combinations thereof.

[0140] According to one embodiment of the invention, Ar1 and Ar2, each time they appear, are selected from substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl, substituted or unsubstituted terphenyl, substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenanthyl, substituted or unsubstituted triphenylene, substituted or unsubstituted fluorenyl, substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuranyl, substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothiophenyl, substituted or unsubstituted pyridyl, substituted or unsubstituted pyrimidinyl, substituted or unsubstituted quinolinyl, or combinations thereof.

[0141] According to one embodiment of the invention, wherein R, each time it appears, is selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups having 1-20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl groups having 3-20 cyclic carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 6-30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups having 3-30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilyl groups having 3-20 carbon atoms, cyano, isocyano, hydroxyl, mercapto, and combinations thereof.

[0142] According to one embodiment of the invention, R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, fluorine, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 6-20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups having 3-20 carbon atoms, and combinations thereof, each time it appears.

[0143] According to one embodiment of the invention, wherein R, each time it appears, is selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, deuterium, fluorine, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl, substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl, substituted or unsubstituted terphenyl, substituted or unsubstituted triphenylene, substituted or unsubstituted fluorenyl, substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuranyl, substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothiophene, and combinations thereof.

[0144] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the second compound is selected from the group consisting of compounds X-1 to X-171:

[0145] , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , .

[0146] According to one embodiment of the invention, the hydrogen in compounds X-1 to X-171 can be partially or completely replaced by deuterium.

[0147] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a display component is also disclosed, which includes the active OLED display described in any of the foregoing embodiments.

[0148] In the field of OLED commercial applications, due to the different OLED evaporation equipment and photomasks (FMMs) used, the device structures also differ somewhat. A schematic diagram of the organic layer between the anode and cathode in the two widely used commercial red, green, and blue light-emitting units (devices) is shown below. Figure 2a and 2b As shown. Figure 2aThe structure 200 shown represents the organic layer between the cathode and anode in a commonly used OLED device. 201 is the hole injection layer, 202 is the hole transport layer, 203 is the electron blocking layer, 204 is the light-emitting layer, 205 is the hole blocking layer, 206 is the electron transport layer, and 207 is the electron injection layer. The light-emitting layer 204 is composed of 204a, 204b, and 204c, which are assumed to be red, green, and blue light-emitting layers, respectively. Then, 203a, 203b, and 203c are the corresponding electron blocking layers adapted to the red, green, and blue light-emitting layers. Additionally, in some structures, the hole blocking layer 205 can be omitted. For example... Figure 2a As shown, except for the electron blocking layer 203 and the light-emitting layer 204, which differ for the red, green, and blue light-emitting units (devices), all other layers are the same. Figure 2b The structure 300 shown is another commonly used OLED device with an organic layer between the cathode and anode. 301 is a hole injection layer, 302 is a hole transport layer, 303 is an electron blocking layer, 304 is a light-emitting layer, 305 is a hole blocking layer, 306 is an electron transport layer, and 307 is an electron injection layer. The light-emitting layer 304 is composed of 304a, 304b, and 304c, and is assumed to be the red, green, and blue light-emitting layers, respectively. In this structure, the red, green, and blue light-emitting units (devices) use the same electron blocking material, thereby reducing the types of materials used and lowering the material cost. In addition, in some structures, the hole blocking layer 305 can be omitted.

[0149] It should be noted that the difficulty of OLED deposition processes differs greatly depending on whether a single organic layer in the red, green, and blue light-emitting units (devices) is deposited with different compounds or the same compound simultaneously on a shared layer. When depositing on a shared layer, a universal mask is used; however, when depositing individual compounds, a fine metal mask (FMM) is required to achieve a precision of approximately 20-50 μm light-emitting points. FMMs are very expensive, and therefore, considering the types of materials currently used in OLED devices, they are generally not used unless absolutely necessary. However, regardless of... Figure 2a still Figure 2bThe structures shown employ a wide variety of materials; the host material used in the emitting layer differs from that used in the electron blocking layer, or only one host material is the same as that used in the electron blocking layer. Furthermore, the host materials for red, green, and blue are typically different, and different electron blocking materials are used in red, green, and blue devices. This results in a large number of material types used throughout the system, increasing costs. On the other hand, from a device performance perspective, if the same host material as the emitting layer can be used before and after the emitting layer, the potential barrier between layers is smaller, and the adverse effects of the interface between different organic layer materials are effectively reduced, thus facilitating efficient recombination of holes and electrons in the emitting layer for luminescence.

[0150] Specifically, taking green OLEDs as an example, commercially available green OLED devices typically use dual host materials: a p-type host (hole transporter) and an n-type host (electron transporter) to achieve superior device performance. The p-type host material can transport holes, and our research shows it can simultaneously function as a hole transporter or an electron blocking material. Similarly, the n-type host material can transport electrons, functioning as an electron transporter. Therefore, we designed a green OLED device structure of p-type host material (as EBL) / p-type host material: n-type host material: GD (as EML) / n-type host material (as ETL). This structure offers advantages in two ways: firstly, it uses fewer types of materials, reducing costs; secondly, it reduces defects formed at the interfaces between different materials, further improving device performance. Furthermore, the second compound, as a compound with excellent hole transport properties, can also be used as both a host material and an electron blocking material in red and blue OLED devices. If the red, green, and blue devices all use at least one of the same host materials, electron blocking materials, and / or electron transport materials that are the same as the host materials, then the display containing such red, green, and blue devices can further simplify the material system and reduce production costs.

[0151] Our further research revealed that when the n-type host material is the first compound with the structure of Formula 1, it can be used simultaneously as both an n-type host material and an electron transport material due to its excellent electron transport capability. Similarly, when the p-type host material is the second compound with the structure of Formula 2, it can be used simultaneously as both a p-type host material and an electron blocking material due to its excellent hole transport capability. Furthermore, when these two types of compounds are used in combination as a dual host material, the performance of the green light-emitting device is significantly improved. Moreover, the dual host materials (the first and second compounds) can form the luminescent layer by co-evaporating with the luminescent material in different evaporation sources, or by pre-mixing and co-evaporating with the luminescent material in a single evaporation source, the latter further saving on evaporation sources. Simultaneously, the first compound with the structure of Formula 1 can be used as an electron transport material for red-green-blue tri-color devices, and the second compound with the structure of Formula 2 can be used as an electron blocking material for red-green-blue tri-color devices. This maximizes the sharing of organic layers among red-green-blue tri-color devices, simplifying the display fabrication process.

[0152] Combination with other materials

[0153] The materials described in this invention for specific layers in organic light-emitting devices can be used in combination with a variety of other materials present in the device. These combinations of materials are described in detail in paragraphs 0132-0161 of U.S. Patent Application US2016 / 0359122A1, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. The materials described or mentioned herein are non-limiting examples of materials that can be used in combination with the compounds disclosed herein, and those skilled in the art can readily consult the literature to identify other materials that can be used in combination.

[0154] Materials described herein for use in specific layers of organic light-emitting devices can be used in combination with a variety of other materials present in said devices. For example, the compounds disclosed herein can be used in combination with a variety of light-emitting dopants, substrates, transport layers, blocking layers, implantation layers, electrodes, and other possible layers. These combinations of materials are described in detail in paragraphs 0080-0101 of U.S. Patent Application US2015 / 0349273A1, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. The materials described or mentioned herein are non-limiting examples of materials that can be used in combination with the compounds disclosed herein, and those skilled in the art can readily consult the literature to identify other materials that can be used in combination.

[0155] This invention does not limit the preparation methods of the selected first and second compounds. Those skilled in the art can prepare them using conventional synthesis methods, and their preparation methods will not be described in detail here. The preparation methods for organic electroluminescent devices are not limited; the preparation methods of the device embodiments described below are merely examples and should not be construed as limitations. Those skilled in the art can reasonably improve the preparation methods of the device embodiments described below based on existing technology. For example, the proportions of various materials in the light-emitting layer are not particularly limited. Those skilled in the art can reasonably select them within a certain range based on existing technology. For instance, based on the total weight of the light-emitting layer materials, the main material can account for 70%-99%, and the light-emitting material can account for 1%-30%; or the main material can account for 90%-98%, and the light-emitting material can account for 2%-10%; or the main material can account for 87%-98%, and the light-emitting material can account for 2%-13%. Furthermore, the main material can consist of one or two materials, wherein the ratio of the two main materials to the main material can be 99:1 to 1:99; or, the ratio can be 80:20 to 20:80; or, the ratio can be 60:40 to 40:60. The characteristics of the light-emitting devices prepared in the examples were tested using conventional equipment in the art (including but not limited to evaporation machines manufactured by Angstrom Engineering, optical testing systems and lifetime testing systems manufactured by Suzhou Fushida, ellipsometers manufactured by Beijing Liangtuo, etc.) and methods well known to those skilled in the art. Since those skilled in the art are familiar with the use of the above-mentioned equipment, testing methods, and other related content, and can obtain the inherent data of the samples definitively and without being affected, the above-mentioned related content will not be elaborated further in this patent.

[0156] Embodiments of the OLED devices described in this application

[0157] Example 1-1: Fabrication of a green OLED device.

[0158] First, a 0.7 mm thick glass substrate with a pre-patterned 800 Å thick indium tin oxide (ITO) layer as the anode 110 was used. After washing the substrate with deionized water and detergent, the ITO surface was treated with oxygen plasma and UV ozone. Subsequently, the substrate was dried in a glove box to remove moisture and then placed in a support frame and transferred to the vacuum chamber. The organic layer specified below was applied at a vacuum degree of approximately 10... -6Under Torr conditions, the anode layer was sequentially deposited via vacuum thermal evaporation at a rate of 0.01–10 Å / s: First, compounds HT and PD were simultaneously deposited as a hole injection layer (HIL, 97:3, 100 Å) 120; compound HT was deposited as a hole transport layer (HTL, 350 Å) 130; compound X-127 was deposited as an electron blocking layer (EBL, 50 Å) 140; compound X-127, compound A-53, and compound GD were simultaneously deposited on top of this as a light-emitting layer (EML, 263:113:24, 400 Å) 150; compound A-53 and Liq were simultaneously deposited as an electron transport layer (ETL, 40:60, 350 Å) 170; and a 10 Å thick layer of Liq was deposited as an electron injection layer (EIL) 180. Finally, metallic aluminum was deposited as a cathode (Cathode, 1200 Å) 190. The device is then transferred back to the glove box and sealed with a glass cover to complete the device. Note that compounds X-127 and A-53 can also be premixed in a 7:3 weight ratio beforehand and then co-evaporated with compound GD to form the luminescent layer 150.

[0159] Examples 1-2: The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1-1, except that compound X-127 in the electron blocking layer and the light emitting layer is replaced with compound X-4.

[0160] Comparative Example 1-1: The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1-1, except that compound X-127 in the electron blocking layer is replaced by compound X-4.

[0161] Comparative Examples 1-2: The preparation method was the same as that of Example 1-1, except that compound A-53 in the electron transport layer was replaced with compound ET.

[0162] Comparative Examples 1-3: The preparation method was the same as that of Examples 1-1, except that compound X-127 in the electron blocking layer was replaced by compound X-4, and compound A-53 in the electron transport layer was replaced by compound ET.

[0163] The detailed layer structure and thickness of the device are shown in the table below. The device uses more than one material; it is obtained by doping different compounds in the stated weight ratios.

[0164] Table 1. Partial device structures of Examples 1-1 to 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-1 to 1-3.

[0165] serial number EBL EML ETL Example 1-1 X-127(50 Å) X-127:A-53:GD(263:113:24)(400 Å) A-53:Liq(40:60)(350 Å) Examples 1-2 X-4(50 Å) X-4:A-53:GD(263:113:24)(400 Å) A-53:Liq(40:60)(350 Å) Comparative Example 1-1 X-4 (50 Å) X-127:A-53:GD(263:113:24)(400 Å) A-53:Liq(40:60)(350 Å) Comparative Examples 1-2 X-127(50 Å) X-127:A-53:GD(263:113:24)(400 Å) ET:Liq(40:60)(350 Å) Comparative Examples 1-3 X-4 (50 Å) X-127:A-53:GD(263:113:24)(400 Å) ET:Liq(40:60)(350 Å) .

[0166] The structural formulas of the compounds HT, PD, X-127, X-4, A-53, GD, ET, and Liq used in the device are shown below:

[0167] , , , , , , , .

[0168] Table 2 summarizes the device performance of Examples 1-1 to 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-1 to 1-3. Among them, color coordinates and maximum emission wavelength λ are... max Voltage V, current efficiency CE, power efficiency PE, and external quantum efficiency EQE are all measured at a current density of 15 mA / cm². 2 The device lifetime data for LT97 was also measured at a current density of 15 mA / cm². 2 The value is calculated as follows: at 80 mA / cm 2 The measured lifetime of the device when the brightness decays to 97% of the initial brightness under driving is calculated with an acceleration factor of 1.8.

[0169] Table 2 Performance of some devices in Examples 1-1 to 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-1 to 1-3

[0170] serial number CIEx CIEy <![CDATA[λ max (nm)]]> V(V) CE(cd / A) PE (lm / W) EQE(%) LT97(h) Example 1-1 0.338 0.636 528 3.35 94.8 88.8 24.27 261 Examples 1-2 0.340 0.635 529 3.13 94.3 94.6 24.17 491 Comparative Example 1-1 0.338 0.636 528 3.33 92.8 87.5 23.78 228 Comparative Examples 1-2 0.337 0.637 528 3.75 92.5 77.5 23.70 229 Comparative Examples 1-3 0.338 0.636 528 3.72 90.6 76.6 23.16 206 .

[0171] discuss:

[0172] Table 2 shows the test results of electroluminescent devices with different combinations of electron blocking materials, electron transport materials and host materials in phosphorescent green light devices with a maximum emission wavelength of about 528 nm. As can be seen from the color coordinates and maximum emission wavelength, the color coordinates of the shown examples are basically the same as those of the comparative examples.

[0173] In Example 1-1, two host materials, X-127 and A-53, were used in the light-emitting layer, serving as the electron blocking material and electron transport material, respectively. Comparative Example 1-1 used electron transport material A-53, but paired with electron blocking material X-4. Compared to Comparative Example 1-1, Example 1-1 showed an improvement in current efficiency of 2.0 cd / A, power efficiency of 1.3 lm / W, external quantum efficiency of 0.49%, and lifetime of 33 h, while maintaining a comparable voltage. Comparative Example 1-2 used electron blocking material X-127, but paired with electron transport material ET. Compared to Comparative Example 1-2, Example 1-1 showed a significant reduction in voltage of 0.40 V, an improvement in current efficiency of 2.3 cd / A, a significant improvement in power efficiency of 11.3 lm / W, external quantum efficiency of 0.57%, and lifetime of 32 h. In Comparative Examples 1-3, neither electron transport material A-53 nor electron blocking material X-127 were used. Compared with Comparative Examples 1-3, Example 1-1 showed a significant reduction in voltage of 0.37 V, an increase in current efficiency of 4.2 cd / A, a significant increase in power efficiency of 12.2 lm / W, a significant increase in external quantum efficiency of 1.11%, and an increase in lifetime of 55 h. It is worth noting that in Example 1-1 and Comparative Examples 1-1, 1-2, and 1-3, electron transport material A-53 and electron blocking material X-127 were used as the electron-type host material and hole-type host material in the light-emitting layer, respectively. This greatly reduced the variety of materials used in the entire device, thereby not only saving material costs but also reducing the adverse effects of interface problems between organic layers on device performance.

[0174] Similarly, in Examples 1-2, the two host materials X-4 and A-53 in the light-emitting layer are used as electron blocking material and electron transport material, respectively, i.e., the device structure uses electron transport material A-53 and electron blocking material X-4 in combination. As expected, compared with Comparative Examples 1-1 to 1-3, Examples 1-2 show significant improvements in device performance such as voltage, efficiency, and lifetime, exhibiting extremely superior device performance, especially with lifetime improvements of 1.15, 1.14, and 1.38 times, respectively.

[0175] As can be seen from the above, in green light devices: (1) when the first compound A-53 with the structure represented by Formula 1 is used in combination with the second compounds X-127 and X-4 with the structure represented by Formula 2, the device performance is comprehensively improved in terms of voltage, current efficiency, power efficiency, external quantum efficiency and lifetime; (2) when the first compound A-53 with the structure represented by Formula 1 is used as an electron transport material and the second compounds X-127 and X-4 with the structure represented by Formula 2 are used as hole transport materials, and the first compound A-53 with the structure represented by Formula 1 and the second compounds X-127 and X-4 with the structure represented by Formula 2 are used as electron-type host materials and hole-type host materials in the light-emitting layer, respectively, excellent device performance can be obtained.

[0176] In summary, besides the performance improvement brought about by the materials themselves, using the two main materials as the electron blocking material and the electron transport material respectively not only reduces the types of materials used and lowers costs, but also reduces energy barriers and defects at the electron blocking layer-emitting layer interface and the emitting layer-electron transport layer interface, thereby further optimizing device performance. Applying a green OLED device with the above structure to an RGB full-color OLED display can provide a novel active display device structure with excellent device performance.

[0177] Example 2-1: Fabrication of a red OLED device.

[0178] First, a 0.7 mm thick glass substrate with a pre-patterned 1200 Å thick indium tin oxide (ITO) layer as the anode 110 was used. After washing the substrate with deionized water and detergent, the ITO surface was treated with oxygen plasma and UV ozone. Subsequently, the substrate was dried in a glove box to remove moisture and then placed in a support frame and transferred to the vacuum chamber. The organic layer specified below was applied at a vacuum degree of approximately 10... -6 Under Torr conditions, the anode layer was sequentially deposited via vacuum thermal evaporation at a rate of 0.01–10 Å / s: First, compounds HT and PD were simultaneously deposited as a hole injection layer (HIL, 97:3, 100 Å) 120; compound HT was deposited as a hole transport layer (HTL, 400 Å) 130; compound X-127 was deposited as an electron blocking layer (EBL, 50 Å) 140; on top of this, compounds RH and RD were simultaneously deposited as a light-emitting layer (EML, 392:8, 400 Å) 150; compounds A-53 and Liq were simultaneously deposited as an electron transport layer (ETL, 40:60, 350 Å) 170; and a 10 Å thick layer of Liq was deposited as an electron injection layer (EIL) 180. Finally, metallic aluminum was deposited as a cathode (Cathode, 1200 Å) 190. The device was then transferred back to the glove box and sealed with a glass cover to complete the device.

[0179] Example 2-2: The preparation method is the same as in Example 2-1, except that compounds X-127, RH, and RD are simultaneously deposited as luminescent layers (EML, 39:353:8, 400 Å). Compounds X-127 and RH can also be deposited as premixed films.

[0180] Comparative Example 2-1: The preparation method is the same as that of Example 2-1, except that compound A-53 in the electron transport layer is replaced by compound ET.

[0181] Comparative Example 2-2: The preparation method is the same as that of Example 2-1, except that compound X-127 in the electron blocking layer is replaced by compound X-4, and compound A-53 in the electron transport layer is replaced by compound ET.

[0182] Comparative Examples 2-3: The preparation method is the same as that of Example 2-2, except that compound A-53 in the electron transport layer is replaced by compound ET.

[0183] Comparative Examples 2-4: The preparation method was the same as that of Example 2-2, except that compound X-127 in the electron blocking layer was replaced by compound X-4, and compound A-53 in the electron transport layer was replaced by compound ET.

[0184] The detailed layer structure and thickness of the device are shown in the table below. The device uses more than one material; it is obtained by doping different compounds in the stated weight ratios.

[0185] Table 3. Partial device structures of Examples 2-1 to 2-2 and Comparative Examples 2-1 to 2-4

[0186] serial number EBL EML ETL Example 2-1 X-127 (50 Å) RH:RD(392:8)(400 Å) A-53:Liq(40:60)(350 Å) Example 2-2 X-127 (50 Å) X-127:RH:RD(39:353:8)(400 Å) A-53:Liq(40:60)(300 Å) Comparative Example 2-1 X-127 (50 Å) RH:RD(392:8)(400 Å) ET:Liq(40:60)(350 Å) Comparative Example 2-2 X-4 (50 Å) RH:RD(392:8)(400 Å) ET:Liq(40:60)(350 Å) Comparative Examples 2-3 X-127 (50 Å) X-127:RH:RD(39:353:8)(400 Å) ET:Liq(40:60)(350 Å) Comparative Examples 2-4 X-4 (50 Å) X-127:RH:RD(39:353:8)(400 Å) ET:Liq(40:60)(350 Å) .

[0187] The structures of the newly used compounds RH and RD in the device are shown below:

[0188] , .

[0189] Table 4 summarizes the device performance of Examples 2-1 to 2-2 and Comparative Examples 2-1 to 2-4. The color coordinates, maximum emission wavelength λmax, voltage V, current efficiency CE, power efficiency PE, and external quantum efficiency EQE are all measured at a current density of 15 mA / cm². 2 The device lifetime LT97 was measured at 80 mA / cm². 2 The measured lifetime when the device brightness decays to 97% of the initial brightness under driving is calculated using an acceleration factor of 2.0.

[0190] Table 4. Performance of some devices in Examples 2-1 to 2-2 and Comparative Examples 2-1 to 2-4

[0191] serial number CIEx CIEy λmax(nm) V(V) CE(cd / A) PE (lm / W) EQE(%) LT97 (h) Example 2-1 0.677 0.322 621 3.1 27.5 27.7 28.19 1280 Example 2-2 0.677 0.322 620 3.2 26.7 26.5 27.83 1472 Comparative Example 2-1 0.677 0.323 620 3.5 26.5 23.7 27.16 765 Comparative Example 2-2 0.676 0.323 620 3.6 25.1 22.2 25.60 661 Comparative Examples 2-3 0.676 0.323 620 3.6 26.6 23.5 26.89 718 Comparative Examples 2-4 0.676 0.323 619 3.6 25.5 22.3 25.99 698 .

[0192] Table 4 shows the test results of electroluminescent devices with different combinations of electron blocking materials and electron transport materials in phosphorescent red light devices with a maximum emission wavelength of around 620 nm. As can be seen from the color coordinates and maximum emission wavelengths, the color coordinates of the shown examples are basically consistent with those of the comparative examples.

[0193] Example 2-1 uses a device structure that combines electron transport material A-53 and electron blocking material X-127. Comparative Example 2-1 uses electron blocking material X-127, but the electron transport material used in conjunction with it is ET. Compared with Comparative Example 2-1, Example 2-1 shows a significant reduction in voltage of 0.40 V, an increase in current efficiency of 1.0 cd / A, a significant increase in power efficiency of 4.0 lm / W, an increase in external quantum efficiency of 1.03%, and an increase in lifetime of 515 h. Comparative Example 2-2 does not use electron transport material A-53 or electron blocking material X-127. Compared with Comparative Example 2-2, Example 2-1 shows a significant reduction in voltage of 0.50 V, an increase in current efficiency of 2.4 cd / A, a significant increase in power efficiency of 5.5 lm / W, an increase in external quantum efficiency of 2.59%, and an increase in lifetime of 619 h. In the aforementioned red OLED devices, when the first compound A-53 and the second compound X-127 are used in combination, the device's performance in terms of voltage, current efficiency, power efficiency, external quantum efficiency, and lifetime is significantly improved.

[0194] Example 2-2 uses one of the host materials, X-127, as an electron blocking material in the light-emitting layer. This means that not only is electron transport material A-53 used in combination with electron blocking material X-127, but X-127 is also incorporated into the light-emitting layer as an auxiliary host material. Comparative Example 2-3 uses the same light-emitting layer structure and the same electron blocking material X-127, but the electron transport material used is ET. Compared to Comparative Example 2-3, Example 2-2 shows a significant reduction in voltage (0.40 V), a significant increase in power efficiency (3.0 lm / W), an increase in external quantum efficiency (0.94%), and an increase in lifetime (754 h), while maintaining a high level of current efficiency. In Comparative Examples 2-4, neither electron transport material A-53 nor electron blocking material X-127 were used, and the emitting layer remained the same as in Example 2-2. Compared with Comparative Examples 2-4, Example 2-2 showed a significant reduction in voltage by 0.40 V, an increase in current efficiency of 1.2 cd / A, a significant increase in power efficiency of 4.2 lm / W, an increase in external quantum efficiency of 1.84%, and an increase in lifetime of 774 h. In Examples 2-2 and Comparative Examples 2-3 to 2-4, the p-type host material in the emitting layer was the second compound X-127. In the above-mentioned red light devices, when the first compound A-53 and the second compound X-127 are used in combination, the device performance in terms of voltage, current efficiency, power efficiency, external quantum efficiency, and lifetime is significantly improved.

[0195] As can be seen from the above, in red light devices: (1) when the first compound A-53 with the structure represented by Formula 1 and the second compound X-127 with the structure represented by Formula 2 are used together, the voltage, current efficiency, power efficiency, external quantum efficiency and lifetime of the device are all significantly improved; (2) compared with Example 2-1, the voltage of Example 2-2 is comparable, the efficiency is slightly reduced, but the lifetime is increased by 15%. In applications such as automotive displays and lighting lamps, there are generally higher requirements for the lifetime of the device, while efficiency can be tolerated to a certain extent. Therefore, adding X-127 to the red light host material can have great advantages. Therefore, both Example 2-1 and Example 2-2 are device structures with excellent performance. Applying the red light OLED device with the above structure to an RGB full-color OLED display can provide a novel active display device structure with excellent device performance.

[0196] Example 3: Fabrication of a blue OLED device.

[0197] First, a 0.7 mm thick glass substrate with a pre-patterned 800 Å thick indium tin oxide (ITO) layer as the anode 110 was used. After washing the substrate with deionized water and detergent, the ITO surface was treated with oxygen plasma and UV ozone. Subsequently, the substrate was dried in a glove box to remove moisture and then placed in a support frame and transferred to the vacuum chamber. The organic layer specified below was applied at a vacuum degree of approximately 10... -6 Under Torr conditions, the following steps are performed sequentially on the anode layer via vacuum thermal evaporation at a rate of 0.01–10 Å / s: First, compound HT and compound PD are simultaneously deposited as a hole injection layer (HIL, 97:3, 100 Å) 120, compound HT is deposited as a hole transport layer (HTL, 250 Å) 130, compound X-127 is deposited as an electron blocking layer (EBL, 50 Å) 140, compound X-127, compound BH, and compound BD are simultaneously deposited as a light-emitting layer (EML, 48:192:10, 250 Å) 150, compound HB is deposited as a hole blocking layer (HBL, 50 Å) 160, compound A-53 and Liq are simultaneously deposited as an electron transport layer (ETL, 40:60, 300 Å) 170, and a 10 Å thick layer of Liq is deposited as an electron injection layer (EIL) 180. Finally, metallic aluminum is vapor-deposited as the cathode (Cathode, 1200 Å) 190. The device is then transferred back to the glove box and sealed with a glass cover to complete the device. Similarly, compounds X-127 and BH can also be vapor-deposited in a premixed form. Additionally, the hole-blocking layer is optional in this device structure.

[0198] Comparative Example 3-1: The preparation method is the same as in Example 3, except that compound ET is used to replace compound A-53 in the electron transport layer.

[0199] Comparative Example 3-2: The preparation method is the same as in Example 3, except that compound X-127 in the electron blocking layer is replaced by compound X-4, and compound ET is replaced by compound A-53 in the electron transport layer.

[0200] The detailed layer structure and thickness of the device are shown in the table below. The device uses more than one material; it is obtained by doping different compounds in the stated weight ratios.

[0201] Table 5. Partial device structures of Example 3 and Comparative Examples 3-1 to 3-2

[0202] serial number EBL EML ETL Example 3 X-127 (50 Å) X-127:BH:BD(48:192:10)(250 Å) A-53:Liq(40:60)(300 Å) Comparative Example 3-1 X-127 (50 Å) X-127:BH:BD(48:192:10)(250 Å) ET:Liq(40:60)(300 Å) Comparative Example 3-2 X-4 (50 Å) X-127:BH:BD(48:192:10)(250 Å) ET:Liq(40:60)(300 Å) .

[0203] The structures of the newly used compounds BH, BD, and HB in the device are shown below:

[0204] , , .

[0205] Table 6 summarizes some device performance of Example 3 and Comparative Examples 3-1 to 3-2. Among these, the color coordinates, maximum emission wavelength λmax, voltage V, current efficiency CE, power efficiency PE, and external quantum efficiency EQE are all measured at a current density of 15 mA / cm². 2 The device lifetime LT97 was measured at 80 mA / cm². 2 The measured lifetime when the brightness of the device decays to 97% of its initial brightness under driving is calculated with an acceleration factor of 1.5.

[0206] Table 6. Performance of some devices in Example 3 and Comparative Examples 3-1 to 3-2

[0207] serial number CIEx CIEy λmax(nm) V(V) CE(cd / A) PE (lm / W) EQE(%) LT97(h) Example 3 0.136 0.102 456 3.8 8.7 7.2 9.72 225 Comparative Example 3-1 0.136 0.102 456 4.1 8.3 6.4 9.26 182 Comparative Example 3-2 0.136 0.103 456 4.0 8.1 6.3 8.96 222 .

[0208] Table 6 shows the test results of electroluminescent devices with different combinations of electron blocking materials and electron transport materials in fluorescent blue light devices with a maximum emission wavelength of around 456 nm. As can be seen from the color coordinates and maximum emission wavelengths, the color coordinates of the shown examples are basically consistent with those of the comparative examples.

[0209] Example 3 uses one of the host materials, X-127, as an electron blocking material in the light-emitting layer. This means a device structure using a combination of electron transport material A-53 and electron blocking material X-127 is used. Comparative Example 3-1 uses electron blocking material X-127, but the electron transport material used is ET. Compared to Comparative Example 3-1, Example 3 shows a significant reduction in voltage (0.30 V), an increase in current efficiency (0.4 cd / A), a significant increase in power efficiency (0.8 lm / W), an increase in external quantum efficiency (0.46%), and an increase in lifetime (43 h). Comparative Example 3-2 does not use either electron transport material A-53 or electron blocking material X-127. Compared to Comparative Example 3-2, Example 3 shows a significant reduction in voltage (0.2 V), an increase in current efficiency (0.6 cd / A), a significant increase in power efficiency (0.9 lm / W), a significant increase in external quantum efficiency (0.76%), and a lifetime that remains at a relatively high level. It is worth noting that in Example 3 and Comparative Examples 3-1 to 3-2, the electron blocking material X-127 was used as the hole-type host material in the light-emitting layer, which increased the hole transport performance of the light-emitting layer, thereby making it more conducive to exciton recombination and greatly improving the device performance.

[0210] As shown above, in blue light-emitting devices, when the first compound A-53 with the structure represented by Formula 1 is used in combination with the second compound X-127 with the structure represented by Formula 2, the device's performance in terms of voltage, current efficiency, power efficiency, external quantum efficiency, and lifetime can be maintained or improved. Simultaneously, the second compound X-127 with the structure represented by Formula 2 serves as the host hole-type material in the light-emitting layer. Applying a blue OLED device with the above structure to an RGB full-color OLED display can provide a novel active display device structure with excellent device performance.

[0211] As can be seen from the above examples of fabrication of OLED devices with green, red and blue light having the device structure described in this application, all three RGB devices can achieve excellent performance and have a significant improvement over the comparative examples. They are suitable for use in RGB full-color OLED active displays. Such displays can not only achieve performance improvement, but also reduce the display fabrication process and reduce the fabrication cost by optimizing the RGB devices, which has a broad prospect in commercial applications.

[0212] Accordingly, we propose two novel OLED device structures, the schematic diagrams of which are shown below. Figure 3a and 3b .like Figure 3a Structure 400 shown is a novel device. It illustrates the organic layer portion between the cathode and anode. 401 is a hole injection layer, 402 is a hole transport layer, 403 is an electron blocking layer, 404 is a light-emitting layer, 405 is an electron transport layer, and 406 is an electron injection layer. 404a, 404b, and 404c correspond to the light-emitting layers of blue, green, and red OLED devices, respectively. In this device, there is no hole blocking layer. Figure 3b Structure 500 shown is another novel device. It illustrates the organic layer portion between the cathode and anode. 501 is a hole injection layer, 502 is a hole transport layer, 503 is an electron blocking layer, 504 is a light-emitting layer, 505 is a hole blocking layer, 506 is an electron transport layer, and 507 is an electron injection layer. 504a, 504b, and 504c correspond to the light-emitting layers of blue, green, and red OLED devices, respectively. In this device, the blue OLED device has a hole blocking layer, while the red and green OLED devices do not. It should be noted that... Figure 3a and 3b In the green OLED device, the light-emitting layer includes a p-type host material and an n-type host material. The p-type host material and the n-type host material are also used in the electron blocking layer and electron transport layer of the blue, green, and red OLED devices, respectively. The light-emitting layer of at least one of the red and blue OLED devices includes the p-type host material.

[0213] In summary, this invention discloses an active OLED display with a specific device structure, comprising a series of OLED devices and a driving device. Each OLED device includes a cathode, an anode, a light-emitting layer disposed between the cathode and the anode, an electron transport layer disposed between the cathode and the light-emitting layer, and an electron blocking layer disposed between the anode and the light-emitting layer. The series of OLED devices are independently driven by the driving device. It includes a first OLED device, a second OLED device, and a third OLED device with emission wavelengths of 400-500 nm, 501-600 nm, and 601-800 nm, respectively. The electron transport layer of each of the three devices contains a first compound, and the electron blocking layer of each device contains a second compound. Furthermore, at least one of the OLED devices has a light-emitting layer containing the same first compound as the electron transport layer and the same second compound as the electron blocking layer. The OLED display with this specific structure effectively reduces the types of materials, simplifies the process flow, and lowers the barrier between layers, improving the voltage, efficiency, and lifespan of the red, green, and blue devices. This improvement is particularly significant when using a first compound with a structure represented by Formula 1 and a second compound with a structure represented by Formula 2, making it especially suitable for RGB full-color displays. In RGB full-color active OLED displays, the OLED device structure disclosed in this invention has excellent device performance and unique advantages, providing possibilities and examples for further optimization of device structures, and has great potential in commercial applications.

[0214] It should be understood that the various embodiments described herein are merely examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Therefore, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art, the claimed invention may include variations of the specific embodiments and preferred embodiments described herein. Many of the materials and structures described herein can be substituted with other materials and structures without departing from the spirit of the invention. It should be understood that various theories regarding why the invention works are not intended to be limiting.

Claims

1. An active OLED display comprising a series of OLED devices and driving devices; The series of OLED devices are driven independently by a driving device; The series of OLED devices includes a cathode, an anode, a light-emitting layer disposed between the cathode and the anode, an electron transport layer disposed between the cathode and the light-emitting layer, and an electron blocking layer disposed between the anode and the light-emitting layer; The series of OLED devices includes a first OLED device, a second OLED device, and a third OLED device; The first OLED device emits light with a peak wavelength greater than or equal to 400 nm and less than or equal to 500 nm; The second OLED device emits light with a peak wavelength greater than 500 nm and less than or equal to 600 nm; The third OLED device emits light with a peak wavelength greater than 600 nm and less than or equal to 800 nm; The electron transport layers of the first OLED device, the second OLED device, and the third OLED device all contain the first compound; The electron blocking layers of the first OLED device, the second OLED device, and the third OLED device all contain the second compound; The light-emitting layer of at least one of the first OLED device, the second OLED device, and the third OLED device comprises the first compound and the second compound, and the light-emitting layer of at least another OLED device comprises the second compound; The light-emitting layers of the first OLED device, the second OLED device, and the third OLED device are all in direct contact with the electron transport layer; The first compound has the structure represented by Formula 1: ； in, Z is selected from O, S, or Se; A1-A6 are selected from CR each time they appear, either identically or differently. x Or N; R y R z Each occurrence, whether identical or different, indicates monosubstituted, polysubstituted, or unsubstituted. R x R y and R z Each time it appears, it is selected from the group consisting of the same or different groups of the following: hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups having 1-20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl groups having 3-20 cyclic carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl groups having 1-20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic groups having 3-20 cyclic carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl groups having 7-30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy groups having 1-20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted groups having 6-30 carbon atoms. Aryloxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl groups having 2-20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 6-30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups having 3-30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilyl groups having 3-20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylsilyl groups having 6-20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted amino, acyl, carbonyl, carboxylic acid, ester, cyano, isocyano, hydroxyl, mercapto, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphinyl, and combinations thereof having 0-20 carbon atoms; R y and R z At least one of them is an aryl group with 6-30 carbon atoms, either substituted or unsubstituted; Ar is selected, either identically or differently, from substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 10-30 carbon atoms.

2. The active OLED display as claimed in claim 1, wherein the light-emitting layer of the first OLED device, the second OLED device, and the third OLED device are in direct contact with the electron blocking layer.

3. The active OLED display of claim 1, wherein the light-emitting layer of the second OLED device comprises the first compound and the second compound.

4. The active OLED display of claim 1, wherein the light-emitting layer of the first OLED device and / or the third OLED device comprises the second compound.

5. The active OLED display as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first compound and the second compound are used to prepare the light-emitting layer by premixing, or the first compound and the second compound are used to prepare the light-emitting layer by co-evaporation.

6. The active OLED display as claimed in claim 1, wherein, R y and R z Each time it appears, it is selected from the group consisting of the same or different groups of the following: hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl groups having 3 to 20 cyclic carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, and combinations thereof. R y and R z At least one of them is an aryl group with 6-30 carbon atoms, either substituted or unsubstituted.

7. The active OLED display of claim 1, wherein Z is selected from O or S.

8. The active OLED display of claim 7, wherein Z is selected from O.

9. The active OLED display of claim 1, wherein A1-A6 are selected from CR each time they appear, either identically or differently. x ;where R x Each time it appears, it is selected from the group consisting of the same or different groups of the following: hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl groups having 3 to 20 cyclic carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, and combinations thereof.

10. The active OLED display of claim 9, wherein R x Each time it appears, it is selected from the group consisting of the following, either the same or different: hydrogen, deuterium, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl, substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl, and combinations thereof.

11. The active OLED display of claim 1, wherein Ar, each time it appears, is selected from substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 10-30 carbon atoms, and when Ar is selected from substituted aryl groups having 10-30 carbon atoms, the substitution is selected from the group consisting of: deuterium, halogens, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups having 1-20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl groups having 3-20 cyclic carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 6-30 carbon atoms, and combinations thereof.

12. The active OLED display of claim 11, wherein Ar, each time it appears, is selected from substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 10-20 carbon atoms, and when Ar is selected from substituted aryl groups having 10-20 carbon atoms, the substitution is selected from the group consisting of: deuterium, halogens, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups having 1-20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl groups having 3-10 cyclic carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 6-18 carbon atoms, and combinations thereof.

13. The active OLED display of claim 12, wherein Ar, each time it appears, is selected from the group consisting of: naphthyl, biphenyl, phenanthrene, terphenyl, triphenylene, deuterated naphthyl, deuterated biphenyl, deuterated phenanthrene, deuterated terphenyl, deuterated triphenylene, and combinations thereof.

14. The active OLED display of claim 1, wherein the first compound is selected from the group consisting of: , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ， , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ； in, Optionally, the hydrogen in compounds A-1 to A-138 can be partially or completely replaced by deuterium.

15. The active OLED display of claim 1, wherein the second compound has the structure represented by formula 2: ； in, L x Each time it appears, it is selected from single bonds, substituted or unsubstituted alkylene groups having 1-20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene groups having 3-20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylene groups having 6-30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene groups having 3-30 carbon atoms, and combinations thereof. Ar1 and Ar2, each time they appear, are selected from substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 6-30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups having 3-30 carbon atoms, or combinations thereof; X1-X 16 Each occurrence may be selected from C, CR, or N, either identically or differently. Among them, one of X5-X8 is selected from C and is related to L. x Connected, X9-X 12 One of them is selected from C and is related to L x Connected; R, each time appearing, is selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups having 1-20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl groups having 3-20 cyclic carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl groups having 1-20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic groups having 3-20 cyclic carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl groups having 7-30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy groups having 1-20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted groups having 6-30 carbon atoms. Aryloxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl groups having 2-20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 6-30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups having 3-30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilyl groups having 3-20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylsilyl groups having 6-20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted amino, acyl, carbonyl, carboxylic acid, ester, cyano, isocyano, mercapto, hydroxyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphinyl, and combinations thereof having 0-20 carbon atoms; Adjacent substituents R can optionally connect to form a ring.

16. The active OLED display of claim 15, wherein, L x Each time it appears, it is selected from single bonds, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 6-20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups having 3-20 carbon atoms, or combinations thereof.

17. The active OLED display of claim 16, wherein, L x Each time it appears, it is selected from single bonds, substituted or unsubstituted phenylene, substituted or unsubstituted biphenylene, or combinations thereof, either identically or differently.

18. The active OLED display as claimed in claim 15, wherein, Ar1 and Ar2, each time they appear, are selected from substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 6-20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups having 3-20 carbon atoms, or combinations thereof.

19. The active OLED display as claimed in claim 18, wherein, Ar1 and Ar2, each time appearing, are selected from the same or different groups of substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl, substituted or unsubstituted terphenyl, substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenanthyl, substituted or unsubstituted triphenylene, substituted or unsubstituted fluorenyl, substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuranyl, substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothiophenyl, substituted or unsubstituted pyridyl, substituted or unsubstituted pyrimidinyl, substituted or unsubstituted quinolinyl, or combinations thereof.

20. The active OLED display of claim 15, wherein, X1-X 16 Each time it appears, it is selected from C or CR, either identically or differently; wherein each time R appears, it is selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1-20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl having 3-20 cyclic carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6-30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 3-30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilyl having 3-20 carbon atoms, cyano, isocyano, hydroxyl, mercapto, and combinations thereof.

21. The active OLED display of claim 20, wherein, R, each time appearing, is selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, deuterium, fluorine, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 6-20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups having 3-20 carbon atoms, and combinations thereof.

22. The active OLED display of claim 21, wherein, R, each time appearing, is selected from the group consisting of, either identically or differently from, hydrogen, deuterium, fluorine, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl, substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl, substituted or unsubstituted terphenyl, substituted or unsubstituted triphenylene, substituted or unsubstituted fluorenyl, substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuranyl, substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothiophene, and combinations thereof.

23. The active OLED display of claim 15, wherein the second compound is selected from the group consisting of: ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ； in, Optionally, the hydrogen in compounds X-1 to X-171 can be partially or completely replaced by deuterium.

24. A display component comprising an active OLED display according to any one of claims 1-23.

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