Synchronization signal block forwarding

Abstract

Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a forwarding node can receive one or more synchronization signal block (SSB) communications to be transmitted in a SSB period. The forwarding node can store the one or more SSB communications. The forwarding node can transmit the one or more SSB communications in the SSB period. Numerous other aspects are provided.

Description

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This patent application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 706,767, entitled "SYNCHRONIZATION SIGNAL BLOCK FORWARDING," filed September 9, 2020, and U.S. Non-Provisional Patent Application No. 17 / 444,337, entitled "SYNCHRONIZATION SIGNAL BLOCK FORWARDING," filed August 3, 2021, which are hereby expressly incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This disclosure generally relates to wireless communication and techniques and apparatus for forwarding synchronization signal blocks (SSBs). Background Technology

[0004] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide a variety of telecommunications services such as telephone, video, data, messaging, and broadcasting. Typical wireless communication systems employ multiple access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmit power, etc.). Examples of such multiple access technologies include Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) systems, Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) systems, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems, Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) systems, Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA) systems, and Long Term Evolution (LTE). LTE / LTE-Advanced is an enhanced set of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) mobile standard released by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0005] A wireless network may include numerous base stations (BSs) capable of supporting communication for a wide range of user equipment (UEs). UEs can communicate with the BS via downlinks and uplinks. A "downlink" (or "forward link") refers to the communication link from the BS to the UE, while an "uplink" (or "backlink") refers to the communication link from the UE to the BS. As will be described in more detail herein, a BS may be referred to as a Node B, gNB, Access Point (AP), Radio Headend, Transmit / Receive Point (TRP), New Radio (NR) BS, 5G Node B, etc.

[0006] The aforementioned multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunications standards to provide a universal protocol enabling different user equipment to communicate at the city, country, region, and even global levels. NR, also known as 5G, is an enhancement set of the LTE mobile standard released by 3GPP. NR is designed to better support mobile broadband Internet access by using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) with a Cyclic Prefix (CP) (CP-OFDM) on the downlink (DL), using CP-OFDM and / or SC-FDM (e.g., also known as Discrete Fourier Transform Extended OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM)) on the uplink (UL), and supporting beamforming, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technologies and carrier aggregation to improve spectral efficiency, reduce costs, improve service, utilize new spectrum, and better integrate with other open standards. As the demand for mobile broadband access continues to increase, further improvements to LTE, NR, and other radio access technologies remain useful. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In some aspects, a method of wireless communication performed by a forwarding node includes: receiving one or more synchronization signal block (SSB) communications to be transmitted in an SSB cycle; storing one or more SSB communications; and transmitting one or more SSB communications in an SSB cycle.

[0008] In some aspects, the wireless communication method performed by the control node includes: transmitting one or more SSB communications to be transmitted by the forwarding node in an SSB cycle; and transmitting one or more additional SSB communications together with one or more SSB communications in an SSB cycle.

[0009] In some aspects, a forwarding node for wireless communication includes a memory; one or more processors coupled to the memory; and instructions stored in the memory and operable, which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the forwarding node to: receive one or more SSB communications to be transmitted in an SSB cycle; store one or more SSB communications; and transmit one or more SSB communications in an SSB cycle.

[0010] In some aspects, a control node for wireless communication includes a memory; one or more processors coupled to the memory; and instructions stored in the memory and operable, which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the control node to: transmit one or more SSB communications to be transmitted by a forwarding node in an SSB cycle; and transmit one or more additional SSB communications in an SSB cycle together with the one or more SSB communications.

[0011] In some aspects, a non-transitory computer-readable medium stores a set of instructions for wireless communication, including one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a forwarding node, cause the forwarding node to: receive one or more SSB communications to be transmitted in an SSB cycle; store one or more SSB communications; and transmit one or more SSB communications in an SSB cycle.

[0012] In some aspects, a non-transitory computer-readable medium stores a set of instructions for wireless communication, including one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a control node, cause the control node to: transmit one or more SSB communications to be transmitted by a forwarding node in an SSB cycle; and transmit one or more additional SSB communications in an SSB cycle together with the one or more SSB communications.

[0013] In some aspects, an apparatus for wireless communication includes components for receiving one or more SSB communications to be transmitted in an SSB cycle; components for storing one or more SSB communications; and components for transmitting one or more SSB communications in an SSB cycle.

[0014] In some aspects, an apparatus for wireless communication includes components for transmitting one or more SSB communications to be transmitted by a forwarding node in an SSB cycle; and components for transmitting one or more additional SSB communications together with the one or more SSB communications in an SSB cycle.

[0015] The aspects generally include methods, apparatus, systems, computer program products, non-transitory computer-readable media, user equipment, base stations, wireless communication equipment and / or processing systems as basically described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings and description.

[0016] The features and technical advantages of the examples according to this disclosure have been outlined quite extensively above to facilitate a better understanding of the following “Detailed Description.” Additional features and advantages will be described below. The disclosed concepts and specific examples can be readily used as the basis for modifications or the design of other structures for achieving the same purpose as this disclosure. Such equivalent structures do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. The characteristics of the concepts disclosed herein, their organization and operation, and the associated advantages will be better understood from the following description when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Each drawing in the drawings is provided for illustrative and descriptive purposes and not as a definitional limitation of the claims.

[0017] While aspects are described herein by way of illustration of some examples, those skilled in the art will understand that these aspects can be implemented in many different arrangements and scenarios. The techniques described herein can be implemented using different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, and / or packaging arrangements. For example, some aspects can be implemented via integrated chip embodiments or other devices based on non-modular components (e.g., end-user equipment, vehicles, communication equipment, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail / procurement equipment, medical devices, or AI-enabled devices). Aspects can be implemented in chip-level components, modular components, non-modular components, non-chip-level components, device-level components, or system-level components. Devices incorporating the described aspects and features may include additional components and features for implementing and practicing the claimed and described aspects. For example, the transmission and reception of wireless signals may include numerous components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antennas, radio frequency (RF) chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders, or summers). The aspects described herein are intended to be practiced in a wide variety of devices, components, systems, distributed arrangements, or end-user equipment of different sizes, shapes, and structures. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To gain a more detailed understanding of the foregoing features of this disclosure, a more specific description of the above-brief summary can be obtained by referring to some of the aspects shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it should be noted that the drawings illustrate only certain typical aspects of this disclosure and are therefore not intended to limit its scope, as the description may acknowledge other equally valid aspects. The same reference numerals in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network according to this disclosure.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station communicating with a UE in a wireless network according to the present disclosure.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a forwarding node that forwards communication between a first wireless node and a second wireless node according to this disclosure.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating an example of using a forwarding node to forward wireless signals according to this disclosure.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a transmit (Tx) chain and a receive (Rx) chain of a forwarding node implemented as a repeater node according to this disclosure.

[0024] Figures 6A to 6B This is a diagram illustrating an example of a Tx chain and an Rx chain for a relay node implemented according to this disclosure.

[0025] Figure 7 This is a diagram illustrating an example of using a forwarding node to forward wireless signals according to this disclosure.

[0026] Figure 8A This is a diagram illustrating an example of a synchronization signal hierarchy according to this disclosure.

[0027] Figure 8B This is a diagram illustrating an example of beam scanning for an access procedure according to this disclosure.

[0028] Figure 9 This is a diagram illustrating an example associated with the forwarding of a synchronization signal block (SSB) according to this disclosure.

[0029] Figures 10 to 11 This is a diagram illustrating an example process associated with SSB forwarding according to this disclosure.

[0030] Figures 12 to 13 This is a block diagram of an example device for wireless communication according to the present disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0031] Analog repeaters can be used to forward Synchronization Signal Block (SSB) transmissions from a base station, thereby improving SSB coverage. However, using analog repeaters to forward SSBs can lead to scalability issues. Specifically, analog repeaters cannot store the information associated with the SSB and therefore must receive and forward the SSB signal in real time. Consequently, for each repeater to forward an SSB, the base station must perform multiple SSB transmissions. This consumes significant network resources and / or substantial computational resources of the base station, among other examples.

[0032] Some of the techniques and apparatus described herein provide efficient SSB forwarding. In some aspects, the forwarding node can receive SSBs to be forwarded by the forwarding node in advance. The forwarding node can store SSBs for subsequent transmission. The forwarding node can transmit SSBs at least partially based on the stored SSBs. For example, the forwarding node can regenerate SSBs at least partially based on the stored SSBs. In some aspects, the forwarding node can forward SSBs in parallel with SSBs transmitted by the base station. For example, the forwarding node can forward SSBs within the same SSB cycle in which the base station transmits SSBs. In this way, SSB transmission at the base station can be reduced, thereby saving network resources and / or computing resources at the base station, and other examples.

[0033] Various aspects of this disclosure are described more fully below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this disclosure may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to any particular structure or function presented throughout this disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of this disclosure to those skilled in the art. Based on the teachings herein, those skilled in the art will understand that the scope of this disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of this disclosure, whether implemented independently of or in combination with any other aspect of this disclosure. For example, an apparatus or practice can be implemented with any number of aspects set forth herein. Furthermore, the scope of this disclosure is intended to cover such apparatuses or methods that are practiced using additional structures, functions, or structures and functions that are additional to or different from the various aspects of this disclosure set forth herein. It should be understood that any aspect of this disclosure may be implemented by one or more elements of the claims.

[0034] Several aspects of a telecommunications system will now be presented with reference to various devices and technologies. These devices and technologies will be described in detail below and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively, "elements"). These elements may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination thereof. Whether these elements are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0035] It should be noted that although the terms generally associated with 5G or NR radio access technology (RAT) may be used to describe aspects herein, the aspects of this disclosure may be applied to other RATs, such as 3G RAT, 4G RAT and / or RATs after 5G (e.g., 6G).

[0036] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network 100 according to this disclosure. Wireless network 100 may be or may include elements of a 5G (NR) network and / or an LTE network, among other examples. Wireless network 100 may include a number of base stations 110 (shown as BS 110a, BS 110b, BS 110c, and BS 110d) and other network entities. A base station (BS) is an entity that communicates with a user equipment (UE) and may also be referred to as an NR BS, Node B, gNB, 5G Node B (NB), access point, Transmit / Receive Point (TRP), etc. Each BS may provide communication coverage for a specific geographic area. In 3GPP, the term "cell" may refer to the coverage area of ​​a BS and / or the BS subsystem serving that coverage area, depending on the context in which the term is used.

[0037] A BS can provide communication coverage for macrocells, picocells, femtocells, and / or other cell types. A macrocell can cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., a radius of several kilometers) and allow unrestricted access for UEs with service subscriptions. A picocell can cover a relatively small geographic area and allow unrestricted access for UEs with service subscriptions. A femtocell can cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a home) and allow restricted access for UEs associated with the femtocell (e.g., UEs in a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG)). A BS used for macrocells can be called a macro BS. A BS for picocells can be called a pico BS. A BS for femtocells can be called a femto BS or a home BS. Figure 1 In the example shown, BS 110a can be a macro BS for macro cell 102a, BS 110b can be a pico BS for pico cell 102b, and BS 110c can be a femto BS for femto cell 102c. A BS can support one or more (e.g., three) cells. The terms “eNB”, “base station”, “NR BS”, “gNB”, “TRP”, “AP”, “Node B”, “5G NB”, and “cell” are used interchangeably herein.

[0038] In some respects, the cell may not be fixed, and the geographical area of ​​the cell may move depending on the location of the mobile BS. In some respects, BSs may interconnect with each other and / or with one or more other BSs or network nodes (not shown) in the wireless network 100 via various types of backhaul interfaces (such as direct physical connections or virtual networks) using any suitable transport network.

[0039] The wireless network 100 may also include a relay station. A relay station is an entity that receives data transmissions from an upstream station (e.g., a BS or a UE) and sends data transmissions to a downstream station (e.g., a UE or a BS). A relay station may also be a UE capable of relaying transmissions to other UEs. Figure 1 In the example shown, relay BS 110d can communicate with macro BS 110a and UE 120d to facilitate communication between BS110a and UE 120d. A relay BS can also be referred to as a relay station, relay base station, repeater, etc.

[0040] Wireless network 100 can be a heterogeneous network comprising different types of Base Stations (BSs) such as macro BSs, pico BSs, femto BSs, relay BSs, etc. These different types of BSs can have different transmit power levels, different coverage areas, and different effects on interference in wireless network 100. For example, macro BSs can have high transmit power levels (e.g., 5 to 40 watts), while pico BSs, femto BSs, and relay BSs can have lower transmit power levels (e.g., 0.1 to 2 watts).

[0041] Network controller 130 can be coupled to a collection of BSs and can provide coordination and control for these BSs. Network controller 130 can communicate with the BSs via backhaul. BSs can also communicate with each other directly or indirectly via wireless or wired backhaul.

[0042] UE 120 (e.g., 120a, 120b, 120c) may be distributed across the wireless network 100, and each UE may be fixed or mobile. UE may also be referred to as an access terminal, terminal, mobile station, subscriber unit, station, etc. UE may be a cellular phone (e.g., a smartphone), personal digital assistant (PDA), wireless modem, wireless communication device, handheld device, laptop computer, cordless phone, wireless local loop (WLL) station, tablet computer, camera, gaming device, netbook, smartbook, ultrabook, medical device or equipment, biometric sensor / device, wearable device (smartwatch, smart clothing, smart glasses, smart wristband, smart jewelry (e.g., smart ring, smart bracelet)), entertainment device (e.g., music or video device or satellite radio), vehicle component or sensor, smart meter / sensor, industrial manufacturing equipment, GPS device, or any other suitable device configured to communicate via wireless or wired media.

[0043] Some UEs can be considered Machine-Type Communication (MTC) or Evolved or Enhanced Machine-Type Communication (eMTC) UEs. MTC and eMTC UEs include, for example, robots, drones, remote devices, sensors, meters, monitors, and / or location tags that can communicate with base stations, another device (e.g., a remote device), or some other entity. Wireless nodes can provide, for example, connectivity to or from a network (e.g., a wide area network such as the Internet or cellular networks) via wired or wireless communication links. Some UEs can be considered Internet of Things (IoT) devices and / or can be implemented as NB-IoT (Narrowband Internet of Things) devices. Some UEs can be considered Customer Premises Equipment (CPE). UE 120 can be included within a housing that houses the components of UE 120, such as processor components and / or memory components. In some aspects, the processor components and memory components can be coupled together. For example, the processor components (e.g., one or more processors) and memory components (e.g., memory) can be operatively coupled, communicatively coupled, electronically coupled, and / or electrically coupled.

[0044] Generally, any number of wireless networks can be deployed in a given geographical area. Each wireless network can support a specific RAT and can operate on one or more frequencies. A RAT can also be referred to as a radio technology, air interface, etc. A frequency can also be referred to as a carrier, frequency channel, etc. Each frequency can support a single RAT in a given geographical area to avoid interference between wireless networks using different RATs. In some cases, NR or 5G RAT networks can be deployed.

[0045] In some respects, two or more UEs 120 (e.g., shown as UE 120a and UE 120e) may communicate directly using one or more sidelink channels (e.g., without using base station 110 as an intermediary). For example, UEs 120 may communicate using peer-to-peer (P2P) communication, device-to-device (D2D) communication, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) protocols (e.g., which may include vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) protocols or vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) protocols) and / or mesh networks. In this case, UEs 120 may perform scheduling operations, resource selection operations, and / or other operations described elsewhere herein as being performed by base station 110.

[0046] Devices in the wireless network 100 can communicate using the electromagnetic spectrum, which can be subdivided into various categories, bands, channels, etc., based on frequency or wavelength. For example, devices in the wireless network 100 can communicate using an operating band with a first frequency range (FR1), which can span from 410 MHz to 7.125 GHz, and / or can communicate using an operating band with a second frequency range (FR2), which can span from 24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz. The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are sometimes referred to as intermediate frequency bands. Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to as the "sub-6 GHz" band. Similarly, FR2 is often referred to as the "millimeter wave" band, although it is different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz–300 GHz) designated as the "millimeter wave" band by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). Therefore, unless otherwise explicitly stated, it should be understood that the terms "below 6 GHz," etc., if used herein, can broadly refer to frequencies less than 6 GHz, frequencies within FR1, and / or intermediate band frequencies (e.g., greater than 7.125 GHz). Similarly, unless otherwise explicitly stated, it should be understood that the terms "millimeter wave," etc., if used herein, can broadly refer to frequencies within the EHF band, frequencies within FR2, and / or intermediate band frequencies (e.g., less than 24.25 GHz). It is considered that frequencies included in FR1 and FR2 can be modified, and the techniques described herein are applicable to those modified frequency ranges.

[0047] As mentioned above, providing Figure 1 As an example. Other examples may differ from those regarding... Figure 1 The example described.

[0048] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating an example 200 of a base station 110 communicating with a UE 120 in a wireless network 100 according to the present disclosure. The base station 110 may be equipped with T antennas 234a to 234t, and the UE 120 may be equipped with R antennas 252a to 252r, wherein typically T ≥ 1 and R ≥ 1.

[0049] At base station 110, transmitting processor 220 can receive data for one or more UEs from data source 212, select one or more modulation and decoding schemes (MCS) for each UE based at least in part on channel quality indicators (CQI) received from the UE, process (e.g., encode and modulate) the data for each UE based at least in part on the MCS selected for the UE, and provide data symbols for all UEs. Transmitting processor 220 can also process system information (e.g., for semi-static resource allocation information (SRPI)) and control information (e.g., CQI requests, grants, and / or upper-layer signaling) and provide overhead symbols and control symbols. Transmitting processor 220 can also generate reference symbols for reference signals (e.g., cell-specific reference signals (CRS) or demodulation reference signals (DMRS)) and synchronization signals (e.g., primary synchronization signal (PSS) or secondary synchronization signal (SSS)). The transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor 230 can perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on ​​data symbols, control symbols, overhead symbols, and / or reference symbols as needed, and can provide T output symbol streams to T modulators (MODs) 232a to 232t. Each modulator 232 can process its corresponding output symbol stream (e.g., for OFDM) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modulator 232 can further process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and up-convert) the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal. The T downlink signals from modulators 232a to 232t can be transmitted via T antennas 234a to 234t, respectively.

[0050] At UE 120, antennas 252a to 252r can receive downlink signals from base station 110 and / or other base stations, and can provide the received signals to demodulators (DEMODs) 254a to 254r respectively. Each demodulator 254 can adjust (e.g., filter, amplify, down-convert, and digitize) the received signal to obtain input samples. Each demodulator 254 can further process the input samples (e.g., for OFDM) to obtain the received symbols. MIMO detector 256 can obtain the received symbols from all R demodulators 254a to 254r, perform MIMO detection on the received symbols when needed, and provide the detected symbols. Receive processor 258 can process (e.g., demodulate and decode) the detected symbols, provide decoded data for UE 120 to data sink 260, and provide decoding control information and system information to controller / processor 280. The term "controller / processor" can refer to one or more controllers, one or more processors, or a combination thereof. The channel processor can determine Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) parameters, Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) parameters, Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ) parameters, and / or Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) parameters, among others. In some aspects, one or more components of the UE 120 may be included in the housing 284.

[0051] Network controller 130 may include communication unit 294, controller / processor 290, and memory 292. Network controller 130 may include one or more devices, such as those in a core network. Network controller 130 may communicate with base station 110 via communication unit 294.

[0052] Antennas (e.g., antennas 234a to 234t and / or antennas 252a to 252r) may include one or more antenna panels, antenna groups, collections of antenna elements, and / or antenna arrays, and other examples, or may be included within one or more antenna panels, antenna groups, collections of antenna elements, and / or antenna arrays, and other examples. Antenna panels, antenna groups, collections of antenna elements, and / or antenna arrays may include one or more antenna elements. Antenna panels, antenna groups, collections of antenna elements, and / or antenna arrays may include collections of coplanar antenna elements or collections of non-coplanar antenna elements. Antenna panels, antenna groups, collections of antenna elements, and / or antenna arrays may include antenna elements within a single housing and / or antenna elements within multiple housings. Antenna panels, antenna groups, collections of antenna elements, and / or antenna arrays may include antenna elements coupled to one or more transmitting and / or receiving components (such as...). Figure 2 One or more antenna elements (one or more components in the process).

[0053] On the uplink, at UE 120, the transmit processor 264 can receive and process data from data source 262 and control information from controller / processor 280 (e.g., for reports including RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, and / or CQI). The transmit processor 264 can also generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals. Symbols from the transmit processor 264 can be pre-encoded by the TX MIMO processor 266 as needed, further processed by modulators 254a to 254r (e.g., for DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM), and transmitted to base station 110. In some aspects, the modulator and demodulator (e.g., MOD / DEMOD 254) of UE 120 can be included in the modem of UE 120. In some aspects, UE 120 includes a transceiver. The transceiver may include any combination of antenna(s) 252, modulator and / or demodulator 254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, and / or TX MIMO processor 266. The transceiver may be configured by a processor (e.g., controller / processor 280) and memory 282 to perform the functions described herein (e.g., as referenced). Figures 9 to 11 Any aspect of any method described herein.

[0054] At base station 110, uplink signals from UE 120 and other UEs can be received by antenna 234, processed by demodulator 232, detected by MIMO detector 236 when needed, and further processed by receiver processor 238 to obtain decoded data and control information transmitted by UE 120. Receiver processor 238 can provide the decoded data to data sink 239 and the decoded control information to controller / processor 240. Base station 110 may include communication unit 244 and communicate with network controller 130 via communication unit 244. Base station 110 may include scheduler 246 to schedule UE 120 for downlink and / or uplink communication. In some aspects, the modulator and demodulator (e.g., MOD / DEMOD 232) of base station 110 may be included in the modem of base station 110. In some aspects, base station 110 includes transceiver. The transceiver may include any combination of antenna 234, modulator and / or demodulator 232, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, transmit processor 220, and / or TX MIMO processor 230. The transceiver may be used by a processor (e.g., controller / processor 240) and memory 242 to perform the functions described herein (e.g., as referenced). Figures 9 to 11 Any aspect of any method described herein.

[0055] The controller / processor 240 of base station 110, the controller / processor 280 of UE 120 and / or Figure 2 Any other component can perform one or more techniques associated with SSB forwarding, as described in more detail elsewhere in this document. For example, Figure 2 The controller / processor 240 of base station 110, the controller / processor 280 of UE 120, and / or any other components may perform or direct, for example, as described herein. Figure 10 Process 1000 Figure 11 The operation of process 1100 and / or other processes. Memory 242 and 282 may store data and program code for base station 110 and UE 120, respectively. In some aspects, memory 242 and / or memory 282 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions (e.g., code and / or program code) for wireless communication. For example, one or more instructions, when executed by one or more processors of base station 110 and / or UE 120 (e.g., directly, or after compilation, transformation, and / or interpretation), may cause one or more processors, UE 120, and / or base station 110 to perform or direct, for example... Figure 10 Process 1000 Figure 11 The operation of process 1100 and / or other processes described herein. In some aspects, execution instructions may include run instructions, translation instructions, compilation instructions and / or interpretation instructions, and other examples.

[0056] In some aspects, a forwarding node (e.g., a radio node, base station 110, UE 120, and / or integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, and other examples) includes components for receiving one or more SSB communications to be transmitted in an SSB cycle; components for storing one or more SSB communications; and / or components for transmitting one or more SSB communications in an SSB cycle. Components for the forwarding node to perform the operations described herein may include, for example, a transmit processor 220, a TX MIMO processor 230, a modulator 232, an antenna 234, a demodulator 232, a MIMO detector 236, a receive processor 238, a controller / processor 240, a memory 242, and / or a scheduler 246; and / or an antenna 252, a demodulator 254, a MIMO detector 256, a receive processor 258, a transmit processor 264, a TX MIMO processor 266, a modulator 254, a controller / processor 280, and / or a memory 282.

[0057] In some aspects, a forwarding node includes components for extracting information from one or more SSB communications; and / or components for regenerating one or more SSB communications based at least in part on that information.

[0058] In some aspects, a forwarding node includes components for receiving a primary synchronization signal or a secondary synchronization signal at a mobile terminal of the forwarding node; and / or components for regenerating a primary synchronization signal or a secondary synchronization signal for communication of one or more SSBs.

[0059] In some aspects, the forwarding node includes components for generating a primary or secondary synchronization signal for one or more SSB communications, based at least in part on a physical cell identifier associated with the base station.

[0060] In some aspects, the forwarding node includes components for receiving the primary or secondary synchronization signal of the SSB to be transmitted during the SSB cycle.

[0061] In some aspects, the forwarding node includes components for receiving the primary or secondary synchronization signal of an SSB to be transmitted in an SSB cycle and one or more additional SSB cycles.

[0062] In some aspects, a forwarding node includes components for receiving a primary or secondary synchronization signal for communication of one or more SSBs in a resource not in a synchronization grid.

[0063] In some aspects, the forwarding node includes components for receiving a primary or secondary synchronization signal for one or more SSB communications in a downlink signal that is at least partially based on a resource remapping of a primary or secondary synchronization signal.

[0064] In some aspects, the forwarding node includes components for receiving, during a time interval prior to the SSB cycle, a physical broadcast channel or demodulation reference signal for one or more SSB communications to be transmitted during the SSB cycle.

[0065] In some aspects, the forwarding node includes components for receiving physical broadcast channels or demodulation reference signals for one or more SSB communications in resources within a synchronization grid.

[0066] In some aspects, a forwarding node includes components for receiving multiple physical broadcast channels or demodulation reference signals multiplexed in downlink signals for one or more SSB communications and one or more additional SSB communications.

[0067] In some aspects, a forwarding node includes components for performing channel estimation or equalization to extract information from one or more SSB communications.

[0068] In some aspects, the forwarding node includes components for determining the content of the master information block based at least in part on the physical broadcast channel of decoding one or more SSB communications; and / or components for receiving an indication of the transmission time of the master information block.

[0069] In some aspects, the forwarding node includes components for transmitting one or more SSB communications during an SSB cycle, together with one or more additional SSB communications transmitted by the base station.

[0070] In some aspects, a forwarding node includes components for performing digital processing to perform one or more SSB communications.

[0071] In some aspects, a forwarding node includes components for forwarding one or more non-SSB communications between a first wireless node and a second wireless node.

[0072] In some aspects, the control node (e.g., a wireless node, base station 110, IAB donor node and / or IAB node, and other examples) includes components for transmitting one or more SSB communications to be transmitted by the forwarding node in an SSB cycle; and / or components for transmitting one or more additional SSB communications in an SSB cycle along with the one or more SSB communications. Components for the control node to perform the operations described herein may include, for example, a transmit processor 220, a TX MIMO processor 230, a modulator 232, an antenna 234, a demodulator 232, a MIMO detector 236, a receive processor 238, a controller / processor 240, a memory 242, and / or a scheduler 246.

[0073] In some aspects, the control node includes components for sending a primary synchronization signal or a secondary synchronization signal to the mobile terminal of the forwarding node so that the forwarding node can regenerate the primary synchronization signal or secondary synchronization signal for one or more SSB communications.

[0074] In some aspects, the control node includes components for transmitting a primary or secondary synchronization signal for an SSB to be transmitted by the forwarding node during an SSB cycle.

[0075] In some aspects, the control node includes components for transmitting a primary or secondary synchronization signal of an SSB to be transmitted by the forwarding node in an SSB cycle and one or more additional SSB cycles.

[0076] In some aspects, the control node includes components for transmitting a primary or secondary synchronization signal for communication of one or more SSBs in resources not in the synchronization grid.

[0077] In some aspects, the control node includes components for transmitting a primary or secondary synchronization signal for one or more SSB communications in a downlink signaling process based at least in part on a resource remapping based on a primary or secondary synchronization signal.

[0078] In some aspects, the control node includes components for transmitting a physical broadcast channel or demodulation reference signal for one or more SSB communications to be transmitted by the forwarding node during the SSB cycle in a time interval prior to the SSB cycle.

[0079] In some aspects, the control node includes components for transmitting physical broadcast channels or demodulation reference signals for communication with one or more SSBs in resources within a synchronization grid.

[0080] In some aspects, the control node includes components for transmitting multiple physical broadcast channels or demodulation reference signals multiplexed in downlink signals for one or more SSB communications and one or more additional SSB communications.

[0081] In some aspects, the control node includes components for transmitting pilot signals, which are to be used by the forwarding node to perform channel estimation or equalization, in communication with one or more SSBs.

[0082] In some aspects, the control node includes a component for sending an indication of the transmission time of a master information block decoded from one or more SSB communications sent to the forwarding node via a physical broadcast channel.

[0083] Although Figure 2 The boxes in the diagram represent different components, but the functionality described above with reference to the boxes can be implemented in a single hardware, software, or combined component, or in various combinations of components. For example, the functionality described with respect to the transmit processor 264, the receive processor 258, and / or the TX MIMO processor 266 can be performed by or under the control of the controller / processor 280.

[0084] As mentioned above, providing Figure 2 As an example. Other examples can be related to... Figure 2 The examples described are different.

[0085] Figure 3This is a diagram illustrating example 300 of a forwarding node (e.g., a repeater node or relay node) that forwards communication between a first wireless node and a second wireless node according to the present disclosure. As shown, example 300 includes a first wireless node 305 (e.g., an Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) node, an IAB donor, a base station 110, a UE 120, etc.), a forwarding node 310 (e.g., a repeater device, a relay device, a base station 110, a UE 120, a millimeter-wave (mmWave) repeater, an mmWave repeater, a digital repeater, an analog repeater, a digital repeater, an analog repeater, etc.), and a second wireless node 315 (e.g., an IAB node, an IAB donor, a base station 110, a UE 120, another forwarding node 310, etc.). In some aspects, the first wireless node 305 and / or the second wireless node 315 may be aware of the forwarding node 310. In some aspects, the first wireless node 305 and / or the second wireless node 315 may be unaware of the forwarding node 310.

[0086] like Figure 3 As shown, the first wireless node 305 may want to use the direct link 325 (e.g., an access link) between the first wireless node 305 and the second wireless node 315 to send communication 320 (e.g., data communication, control communication, etc.) to the second wireless node 315. However, the first wireless node 305 may not be able to use the direct link 325 to send communication 320 to the second wireless node 315. For example, the second wireless node 315 may be outside the transmission range of the first wireless node 305, the direct link 325 may be blocked, etc.

[0087] Therefore, the first wireless node 305 can communicate with the second wireless node 315 using the indirect link 330. For example, the first wireless node 305 can send communication 320 to the forwarding node 310. In some aspects, the first wireless node 305 can send communication 320 directly to the forwarding node 310 (e.g., when the first wireless node 305 knows about the forwarding node 310). In some aspects, (e.g., by a control node, by the second wireless node 315, etc.) the forwarding node 310 can be configured to receive communication 320 from the first wireless node 305 (e.g., when the first wireless node 305 does not know about the forwarding node 310).

[0088] like Figure 3As shown, communication 320 can reach and be forwarded by forwarding node 310. In some aspects, forwarding node 310 is a repeater node (or repeater unit), and the repeater node can regenerate the signal of communication 320. For example, the repeater node can receive the signal of communication 320, extract the tone from the signal, regenerate the signal based at least in part on the extracted tone, and transmit the regenerated signal. In some aspects, forwarding node 310 is a relay node (or relay unit), and the relay node can generate a new signal based at least in part on the signal of communication 320. For example, the relay node can receive a downlink signal carrying information associated with the communication (e.g., in-phase and quadrature (IQ) samples), generate a new signal based at least in part on the information, and transmit the new signal. As another example, the relay node can receive an uplink signal, generate a new signal carrying information associated with the uplink signal (e.g., IQ samples), and transmit the new signal.

[0089] In some cases, the indirect link 330 can be an access link, a sidelink, or a frontend link. For example, if the first radio node 305 is a base station 110 and the second radio node 315 is a UE 120, then the indirect link 330 between the first radio node 305 and the forwarding node 310 can be a frontend link. The indirect link 330 between the forwarding node 310 and the second radio node 315 can be an access link. Figure 3 The communication scheme shown can improve network performance and increase reliability by providing link diversity for communication to the first wireless node 305 and / or the second wireless node 315, and by extending the communication coverage area of ​​the first wireless node 305 and / or the second wireless node 315.

[0090] As pointed out above, Figure 3 This is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from those provided. Figure 3 The example described.

[0091] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating an example 400 of using a forwarding node 405 to forward wireless signals according to the present disclosure. In some aspects, as shown, the forwarding node 405 may communicate with a control node 410 and one or more wireless nodes 415, 420 in a wireless network. In some aspects, the forwarding node 405 may include... Figure 3 The forwarding node 310 is shown. In some aspects, the control node 410, wireless node 415, and / or wireless node 420 can be, for example, as shown in the diagram. Figure 3 The first wireless node 305 shown Figure 3 The second wireless node 315, IAB node, and IAB donor shown are shown. Figure 1 Base station 110 shown Figure 1 The wireless node shown is an example of UE 120, etc.

[0092] In some aspects, forwarding node 405 may be a digital repeater node (or repeater unit) configured to receive an incoming signal and transmit a regenerated version of the incoming signal. For example, when implemented or otherwise configured as a digital repeater node, forwarding node 405 may receive an incoming signal, extract a tone from the incoming signal, regenerate the incoming signal based at least in part on the extracted tone, and transmit the regenerated signal as an outgoing signal. Additionally or alternatively, forwarding node 405 may be a digital relay node (or relay unit) configured to generate a new signal based at least in part on the incoming signal. For example, when implemented or otherwise configured as a digital relay node, forwarding node 405 may receive a downlink signal carrying information (e.g., IQ samples) (e.g., Front-End Physical Downlink Shared Channel (FH-PDSCH)), generate a new downlink signal (e.g., a conventional PDSCH) carrying information about and / or from the downlink signal (e.g., IQ samples), and transmit the new downlink signal to a receiver. As another example, when implemented or otherwise configured as a digital relay node, forwarding node 405 can receive uplink signals (e.g., conventional physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH)), generate new uplink signals (e.g., FH-PUSCH) carrying information associated with the uplink signals (e.g., IQ samples), and transmit the new uplink signals to the receiver.

[0093] like Figure 4 As shown, forwarding node 405 may include control component 425 and forwarding component 430. In some aspects, control component 425 may facilitate the establishment of a radio control interface 435 between forwarding node 405 and control node 410. In some aspects, control component 425 may include one or more components and / or functions that are or resemble a base station (e.g., Figure 1 and Figure 2 The base station 110 shown), UE (e.g., Figure 1 and Figure 2One or more components, such as UE 120 shown, may be used. In some aspects, the forwarding component 430 may perform one or more forwarding (e.g., repeater and / or relay) operations based at least in part on information received by the control component on the radio control interface 435. For example, the forwarding operation may include receiving a first signal 440, performing one or more digital processing operations on the first signal 440 to generate a second signal 445, and transmitting the second signal 445. The second signal 445 may be the result of the forwarding node 405 performing a repetitive operation to regenerate the first signal 440 (e.g., by one or more digital processing operations) such that X'≈X, where X is the first signal 440 and X' is the second signal 445. Additionally or alternatively, the second signal 445 may be the result of the forwarding node 405 performing a relay operation to generate a new signal carrying information about and / or from the first signal 440 (e.g., by one or more digital processing operations) such that Y = f(X), where X is the first signal 440 and Y is the second signal 445.

[0094] In some aspects, the first signal 440 may include communication transmitted from control node 410 and addressed to wireless node 415 (e.g., Figure 3 (The communication 320 shown). In some aspects, as shown, the first signal 440 can be sent from the control node 410 and addressed to the wireless node 415. In some aspects, the first signal 440 can be sent from the wireless node 415 or the wireless node 420 and addressed to the control node 410, addressed to other wireless nodes 415 or 420, etc. In some aspects, the first signal 440 can address to multiple wireless nodes (e.g., wireless node 415, wireless node 420, control node 410, etc.). In some aspects, the first signal 440 may include SSB communication, information associated with SSB communication, physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) transmission, PDSCH transmission, physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) transmission, PUSCH transmission, physical sidelink channel (PSSCH) transmission, acknowledgment or negative acknowledgment (ACK / NACK) feedback messages, etc.

[0095] In some aspects, forwarding component 430 may perform one or more forwarding operations based at least in part on a configuration established using control component 425. For example, in some aspects, control node 410 may use control message 455 to send configuration information 450, and forwarding node 405 may use control component 425 to receive control message 455.

[0096] In some aspects, control node 410 may send configuration information 450 in control message 455 via control interface 435. Configuration information 450 may be carried in at least one control message 455. In some aspects, control messages may be used to control communication between forwarding node 405 and control node 410 according to the specifications of control interface 435. In some aspects, configuration information 450 may be carried in lower-layer control messages (e.g., control messages associated with the physical layer and / or media access control (MAC) layer), upper-layer control messages (e.g., control messages associated with the network layer), application-layer control messages (e.g., control messages associated with the application layer), etc. For example, control messages may be carried using Radio Resource Control (RRC) messages, Downlink Control Information (DCI), MAC Control Elements (MAC-CE), etc.

[0097] In some aspects, control messages may be included within the first signal 440. In some aspects, configuration 450 may be carried in the front-end PDCCH (FH-PDCCH) control message. In some aspects, the FH-PDCCH control message may include a DCI scrambled with the front-end radio network temporary identifier (FH-RNTI). The FH-RNTI may be associated with control component 425.

[0098] In some aspects, control message 455 can be configured with any number of different types of settings, configurations, digital processing operations, receive operations, buffering operations, forwarding (send) operations, etc. In some aspects, forwarding node 405 can send one or more control messages, and control node 410 can receive one or more control messages. For example, in some aspects, forwarding node 405 can use control component 425 to send control messages to control node 410 via control interface 435. Control messages sent by forwarding node 405 can indicate configuration, capabilities, status, and / or other information related to forwarding node 405.

[0099] As noted above, in some aspects, control node 410 can configure forwarding node 405 for a specific forwarding (e.g., repeater and / or trunk) operation by sending configuration information 450 to forwarding node 405. In some aspects, configuration information 450 can instruct digital processing operations. Digital processing operations can include operations from (e.g., as described below in conjunction with...) Figure 5 and Figures 6A to 6B The described digital processing option is selected from a plurality of digital processing options. In some aspects, configuration information 450 may include one or more information elements (IEs) indicating receive configuration, buffer configuration, forwarding configuration, information request, etc.

[0100] In some aspects, the receive configuration can configure one or more receive operations of the forwarding component 430 with respect to receiving the first signal 440. The receive configuration may indicate, for example, receive analog beamforming configuration, time-domain resources associated with the first signal 440, frequency-domain resources associated with the first signal 440, parameter set associated with the first signal 440, digital receiver beamforming configuration, resource element (RE) mapping information associated with the first signal 440, channel estimation configuration, scrambling identifier associated with the first signal 440, decoding configuration associated with the first signal 440, etc.

[0101] In some aspects, the buffer configuration can configure the forwarding component 430 to perform one or more buffering operations with respect to the digitized form of the buffered first signal 440. In some aspects, the buffer configuration can indicate analog-to-digital converter (ADC) settings, digital-to-analog converter (DAC) settings, IQ sample compression settings, IQ sample decompression settings, etc.

[0102] In some aspects, the forwarding configuration may configure the forwarding component 430 to perform one or more forwarding operations with respect to transmitting a second signal 445, which may be a regenerated form of the first signal 440 or a new signal carrying information about and / or from the first signal 440. In some aspects, the forwarding configuration may include a transmit beamforming configuration, time-domain resources associated with transmitting the second signal, transmit power settings, transmit amplification settings, transmit center frequency, a parameter set associated with transmitting the second signal, a digital transmitter beamforming configuration, RE mapping information associated with transmitting the second signal, layer mapping configuration, precoding configuration, a scrambling identifier associated with transmitting the second signal, and a decoding configuration associated with transmitting the second signal, etc.

[0103] In some aspects, the information request can configure the forwarding component 430 to perform one or more reporting operations regarding providing information to the control node 410. This information may include information about the operation of the forwarding node 405, the configuration of the forwarding node 405, the settings of the forwarding node 405, channels, communications, etc. In some aspects, the information request may include requests for buffer status, power status, measurement reports, the capabilities of the digital repeater, the configuration of the forwarding node 405, etc.

[0104] As pointed out above, Figure 4 This is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from those provided. Figure 4 The example described.

[0105] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating an example 500 of a transmit (Tx) chain 502 and a receive (Rx) chain 504 of a repeater node implemented according to this disclosure.

[0106] In some respects, one or more components of the Tx chain 502 can be combined as described above. Figure 2 The Tx chain 502 is implemented in the described transmit processor 220, TX MIMO processor 230, MOD / DEMOD 232, controller / processor 240, etc. In some aspects, the Tx chain 502 can be implemented in the repeater node for transmitting outgoing signals (e.g., uplink data, downlink data, uplink reference signal, downlink reference signal, uplink control information, downlink control information, etc.) associated with repetitive operations performed by the repeater node.

[0107] In some respects, one or more components of the Rx chain 504 can be combined as described above. Figure 2 The described receiver processor 238, MIMO detector 236, MOD / DEMOD 232, controller / processor 240, etc. are implemented in these components. In some aspects, the Rx chain 504 can be implemented in a repeater node for receiving incoming signals (e.g., downlink data, uplink data, downlink reference signal, uplink reference signal, downlink control information, uplink control information, etc.) associated with repetitive operations performed by the repeater node.

[0108] like Figure 5 As shown in Example 500, the incoming signal can be a downlink signal received on the front-end link from the distributed unit (DU) of the IAB node, base station 110, etc., and the outgoing signal can be a regenerated version of the downlink signal transmitted on the access link to the mobile terminal (MT) unit of the IAB node, UE 120, etc. Additionally or alternatively, the incoming signal can be an uplink signal received on the access link from the MT unit of the IAB node, UE 120, etc., and the outgoing signal can be a regenerated version of the uplink signal transmitted on the front-end link to the DU of the IAB node, base station 110, etc. Therefore, as described herein, the repetition operation performed by the repeater node can be symmetrical for both the downlink and uplink signals. Furthermore, in some aspects, the device transmitting the incoming signal and / or the device receiving the outgoing signal may be unaware of the repeater node (e.g., the repetition operation may be transparent to the transmitting and / or receiving devices).

[0109] like Figure 5As shown, the incoming signal can be processed by Rx chain 504. For example, as described herein, the repeater node can perform different levels of analog and / or digital processing to regenerate the incoming signal into an outgoing signal. The level of processing performed by the repeater node can be at least partially based on the configuration received by the repeater node (e.g., from a control node and / or similar node). For example, as indicated by reference numeral 506 (which shows what may be called split option 9), the repeater node can perform analog beamforming on the incoming signal and can provide an analog signal to Tx chain 502. The repeater node can then perform analog beamforming on the analog signal to send the outgoing signal to a receiving device. In this case, the repeater node can be configured as an analog repeater.

[0110] Additionally or alternatively, the repeater node can be configured as a digital repeater, in which case the repeater node can further process the incoming signal. For example, as indicated by reference numeral 508 (which shows what may be referred to as split option 8), the repeater node can process the analog signal by using an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to convert the incoming signal from the analog domain to the digital domain, thereby determining the time-domain IQ sample associated with the incoming signal. Thus, in some aspects, the repeater node can use a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) to process the time-domain IQ sample to regenerate the analog signal, and then use analog beamforming to transmit the analog signal.

[0111] Additionally or alternatively, as indicated by reference numeral 510 (which shows what may be referred to as split option 7-1), the repeater node can further process the incoming signal by removing the cyclic prefix (CP) from the time-domain IQ samples and performing a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to determine the frequency-domain IQ samples associated with the incoming signal. In this case, the repeater node can then obtain the time-domain IQ samples by performing an inverse FFT (iFFT) on the frequency-domain IQ samples and adding the CP, converting the time-domain IQ samples to an analog signal using a DAC, and transmitting the analog signal using analog beamforming.

[0112] Additionally or alternatively, as indicated by reference numeral 512 (which illustrates what may be referred to as split option 7-2), the repeater node may further process the incoming signal to determine the symbol (e.g., the IQ symbol occupying the tone) associated with each antenna. For example, the repeater node may perform digital beamforming processing on the frequency domain IQ samples (e.g., at least in part based on a digital Tx beamforming configuration) and may also perform RE demapping at least in part based on a resource element (RE) mapping configuration received by the repeater node to identify the incoming signal and / or the RE occupying the tone. The repeater node can generate the outgoing signal by processing the symbols (e.g., the IQ symbols occupying the tone) of each antenna using RE mapping and digital beamforming information.

[0113] Additionally or alternatively, as indicated by reference numeral 514 (which shows what may be referred to as split option 7-3), the repeater node may further process the incoming signal to determine a codeword associated with the incoming signal (e.g., a log-likelihood ratio (LLR) value and / or a similar value). For example, the repeater node may determine the codeword by performing channel estimation and channel equalization (e.g., to identify and / or remove noise associated with the incoming signal) on the IQ symbols occupying the tone and by performing a demodulation process on the incoming signal. In this case, the repeater node may generate the outgoing signal by modulating the codeword, performing layer mapping, applying precoding, performing RE mapping, performing digital Tx beamforming, applying iFFT and / or adding CP, converting the signal from the digital domain to the analog domain using a DAC, and performing analog beamforming for transmitting the outgoing signal.

[0114] Additionally or alternatively, as indicated by reference numeral 516 (which shows what may be referred to as split option 6), the repeater node may further process the incoming signal to obtain a transport block associated with the incoming signal (e.g., the repeater node may fully decode the incoming signal). For example, the repeater node may obtain the transport block by descrambling the codewords (e.g., using a scrambling identifier associated with the incoming signal) and decoding the descrambled codewords (e.g., at least in part based on the MCS associated with the incoming signal). In this case, the repeater node may generate the outgoing signal by encoding the transport block according to the Tx MCS, scrambling the encoded transport block to regenerate the codewords, modulating the codewords and performing layer mapping and precoding to regenerate the symbols for each antenna, performing RE mapping and digital Tx beamforming to regenerate the frequency domain IQ samples, applying iFFT and / or adding CP to the frequency domain IQ samples to regenerate the time domain IQ samples, using a DAC to convert the time domain IQ samples from the digital domain to the analog domain, and performing analog beamforming on the analog signal in the analog domain for transmitting the outgoing signal.

[0115] In some aspects, the level of processing performed on the incoming signal by the repeater node can be configured by a control node or another wireless node. The outgoing signal can be a regenerated version of the incoming signal, at least in part, based on the level of processing performed by the repeater node.

[0116] Figure 5 The number and arrangement of components shown are provided as an example. In practice, there may be a comparison... Figure 5 The components shown may include additional components, fewer components, different components, or components with different arrangements. Furthermore, Figure 5 The two or more components shown can be implemented within a single component, or Figure 5 The single component shown can be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally or alternatively, Figure 5 The collection of components shown (e.g., one or more components) can perform actions described as being composed of Figure 5 The components shown represent one or more functions performed by another set of components.

[0117] Figures 6A to 6B The diagram illustrates examples 600 and 650 of a Tx chain 602 and an Rx chain 604, which are implemented as relay nodes according to the present disclosure.

[0118] In some respects, one or more components of Tx chain 602 can be combined as described above. Figure 2 The Tx chain 602 is implemented in the described transmit processor 220, TX MIMO processor 230, MOD / DEMOD 232, controller / processor 240, etc. In some aspects, the Tx chain 602 can be implemented in a relay node for transmitting outgoing signals (e.g., uplink data, downlink data, uplink reference signal, downlink reference signal, uplink control information, downlink control information, etc.) associated with relay operations performed by the relay node.

[0119] In some respects, one or more components of the Rx chain 604 can be combined as described above. Figure 2 The described receiver processor 238, MIMO detector 236, MOD / DEMOD 232, controller / processor 240, etc. are implemented in these components. In some aspects, the Rx chain 604 can be implemented in a relay node for receiving incoming signals (e.g., downlink data, uplink data, downlink reference signal, uplink reference signal, downlink control information, uplink control information, etc.) associated with relay operations performed by the relay node.

[0120] like Figure 6A As shown in Example 600, the incoming signal can be received by the relay node on the front-end link. For example, the incoming signal can be a downlink signal received from the DU of the IAB node, base station 110, etc. Figure 6AAs shown, the incoming signal can be processed by Rx chain 604. For example, the relay node can fully decode the incoming signal to obtain the information carried in the incoming signal (e.g., payload). The relay node can perform analog beamforming on the incoming signal. The relay node can use an ADC to convert the incoming signal from the analog domain to the digital domain. The relay node can remove the CP and / or FFT associated with the incoming signal. The relay node can perform a digital beamforming process on the incoming signal (e.g., at least partially based on a digital Tx beamforming configuration). The relay node can perform a RE demapping process at least partially based on the RE mapping configuration received by the relay node to identify the RE of the signal and / or the occupied tone. The relay node can perform channel estimation and channel equalization on the incoming signal (e.g., to identify and / or remove noise associated with the incoming signal). The relay node can perform a demodulation process on the incoming signal. The relay node can descramble the incoming signal (e.g., using the scrambling ID associated with the incoming signal). The relay node can decode the incoming signal (e.g., at least partially based on the MCS associated with the incoming signal).

[0121] After decoding the incoming signal, the relay node can identify the information carried by the incoming signal. For example, the payload of the incoming signal may include time-domain IQ samples, frequency-domain IQ samples, symbols for each antenna (e.g., IQ symbols occupying a tone), codewords, transport blocks, etc. The relay node can use Tx chain 602 to generate outgoing signals. The amount or level of processing performed by the relay node associated with Tx chain 602 can be based at least in part on the information carried by the incoming signal, the configuration received by the relay node (e.g., from a control node, etc.), etc.

[0122] As indicated by reference numeral 606 in the attached figure (which shows split option 6), if the incoming signal is carrying a transport block, the relay node can generate the outgoing signal by fully encoding the transport block to form the outgoing signal (e.g., by encoding the transport according to the Tx MCS, scrambling the encoded transport block, modulating the scrambled transport block, performing layer mapping, precoding, performing digital Rx beamforming, applying FFT and / or adding CP, using a DAC to convert the signal from the digital domain to the analog domain, performing analog beamforming, and transmitting the outgoing signal).

[0123] As shown by reference numeral 608 in the attached figure (which illustrates split option 7-3), if the incoming signal carries a codeword, the relay node can generate the outgoing signal without performing encoding or scrambling. That is, the relay node can modulate the codeword, perform layer mapping, perform precoding, perform digital Tx beamforming, apply FFT and / or add CP, use a DAC to convert the signal from the digital domain to the analog domain, perform analog beamforming, and transmit the outgoing signal.

[0124] As indicated by reference numeral 610 (which shows split option 7-2), if the incoming signal is carrying an indication of the symbol for each antenna (e.g., the IQ symbol occupying the tone), the relay node may not perform encoding, scrambling, modulation, layer mapping, and / or precoding. That is, the relay node may perform digital Rx beamforming on the IQ symbol occupying the tone, apply FFT and / or add CP, use a DAC to convert the signal from the digital domain to the analog domain, perform analog beamforming, and transmit the outgoing signal.

[0125] As shown by reference numeral 612 in the attached figure (which illustrates split option 7-1), if the incoming signal is carrying frequency domain IQ samples, the relay node may not perform encoding, scrambling, modulation, layer mapping, precoding, and / or digital beamforming. That is, the relay node may apply FFT and / or add CP to the frequency domain IQ samples, use a DAC to convert the signal from the digital domain to the analog domain, perform analog beamforming, and transmit the outgoing signal.

[0126] As shown by reference numeral 614 in the attached figure (which indicates split option 8), if the incoming signal is carrying time-domain IQ samples, the relay node may not perform encoding, scrambling, modulation, layer mapping, precoding, digital beamforming, and / or applying FFT and / or adding CP. That is, the relay node can use a DAC to convert the time-domain IQ samples from the digital domain to the analog domain, perform analog beamforming, and transmit the outgoing signal.

[0127] As a result, the level of digital processing used to generate the outgoing signal can vary, at least in part, based on the information carried by the incoming signal. As described above, the relay node can process the input signal to identify the information included in the payload of the incoming signal. The relay node can generate the outgoing signal, at least in part, based on the information carried by the incoming signal, which includes information about the incoming signal and / or information derived from the incoming signal. In some aspects, the device receiving the outgoing signal may be unaware of the relay node (e.g., relay operation may be transparent to the receiving device).

[0128] like Figure 6B As shown in Example 650, the incoming signal can be received by the relay node on the access link. For example, the incoming signal can be an uplink signal received from the MT unit of the IAB node, UE 120, etc. In some aspects, the device sending the incoming signal may be unaware of the relay node (e.g., the relay operation may be transparent to the sending device).

[0129] Relay nodes can perform different levels of digital processing to determine the information associated with the incoming signal. The processing level can be at least partially based on the configuration received by the relay node (e.g., from a control node, etc.). For example, as indicated by reference numeral 652 (which shows split option 8), a relay node can process the incoming signal to determine time-domain IQ samples associated with it. The relay node can generate the outgoing signal by processing the time-domain IQ samples and including them in the payload of the outgoing signal (e.g., by fully encoding the transport block indicating the time-domain IQ samples). The outgoing signal can be transmitted to another wireless node using a forward link.

[0130] As indicated by reference numeral 654 (which shows split option 7-1), a relay node can process the incoming signal to determine the frequency-domain IQ samples associated with the incoming signal. The relay node generates the outgoing signal by processing the frequency-domain IQ samples and including them in the payload of the outgoing signal (e.g., by fully encoding the transport block indicating the frequency-domain IQ samples). The outgoing signal can be transmitted to another wireless node using a forward link.

[0131] As indicated by reference numeral 656 (which shows splitting option 7-2), a relay node can process the incoming signal to determine the symbol (e.g., the IQ symbol of the occupied tone) for each antenna associated with the incoming signal. The relay node can generate the outgoing signal by processing the symbols of each antenna (e.g., the IQ symbols of the occupied tone) and including them in the payload of the outgoing signal (e.g., by fully encoding a transport block indicating the symbol of each antenna (e.g., the IQ symbol of the occupied tone)). The outgoing signal can be transmitted to another wireless node using a forward link.

[0132] As indicated by reference numeral 658 in the attached figure (which shows splitting option 7-3), a relay node can process the incoming signal to determine the received codewords (e.g., LLR values, etc.) associated with the incoming signal. The relay node generates the outgoing signal by processing the received codewords and including them in the payload of the outgoing signal (e.g., by fully encoding the transport block indicating the received codewords). The outgoing signal can be transmitted to another wireless node using a forward link.

[0133] As indicated by reference numeral 660 (which shows split option 8), the relay node can process the incoming signal to determine the transport block associated with the incoming signal (e.g., the relay node can fully decode the incoming signal). The relay node can generate the outgoing signal by processing the transport block and including it in the payload of the outgoing signal (e.g., by fully encoding the transport block). The outgoing signal can be transmitted to another wireless node using a forward link.

[0134] The level of processing performed on incoming signals can be configured by the control node or another wireless node. Outgoing signals may include information about and / or from the incoming signals, based at least in part on the level of processing performed by the relay node.

[0135] like Figures 6A to 6B The number and arrangement of components shown are provided as an example. In practice, there may be a comparison... Figures 6A to 6B The components shown may include additional components, fewer components, different components, or components with different arrangements. Furthermore, Figures 6A to 6B The two or more components shown can be implemented within a single component, or Figures 6A to 6B The single component shown can be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally or alternatively, Figures 6A to 6B The collection of components shown (e.g., one or more components) can perform actions described as being composed of Figures 6A to 6B The components shown represent one or more functions performed by another set of components.

[0136] Figure 7 This is a diagram illustrating an example 700 of using a repeater node 710 to forward wireless signals according to this disclosure. In some aspects, the repeater node 710 may be a repeater node (or repeater unit) configured to receive an incoming signal and transmit a regenerated version of the incoming signal (e.g., using the reference above). Figure 5 (The technology described in further detail). Additionally or alternatively, the forwarding node 710 may be a relay node (or relay unit) configured to receive incoming signals and transmit outgoing signals including information about the incoming signals and / or from the incoming signals (e.g., using the reference above). Figures 6A to 6B (The technology is described in further detail).

[0137] like Figure 7 As shown, forwarding node 710 can receive one or more downlink communications from control node 705 (e.g., DU of IAB node, base station 110, etc.) on the forward link, and can forward one or more downlink communications to radio node 715 (e.g., MT unit of IAB node, UE 120, etc.) on the access link. In this case, example 700 illustrates downlink control and data forwarding operations associated with forwarding node 710. However, it should be understood that, as Figure 7 Similar techniques can be applied to uplink control and data forwarding operations.

[0138] like Figure 7As shown, control node 705 can determine that it needs to send one or more downlink communications (e.g., SSB, PDSCH, PDSCH PDCCH scheduled transmission, etc.) to wireless node 715. However, control node 705 can determine that wireless node 715 is outside its communication range. Therefore, control node 705 can use forwarding node 710 to send one or more downlink communications to wireless node 715.

[0139] As shown by reference numeral 720 in the attached drawing, the control node 705 can send forwarding PDCCH (FH-PDCCH) communication to the forwarding node 710. The FH-PDCCH communication can be a control message (e.g., Figure 4 Control message 455 shown. As indicated by reference numeral 725, FH-PDCCH communication can schedule PDSCH communication (e.g., access link PDSCH communication) and / or PDCCH communication (e.g., FH-PDCCH, access link PDCCH, etc.) to be sent to forwarding node 710. As indicated by reference numeral 730, FH-PDCCH communication can include configuration for forwarding node 710 to forward PDSCH communication and / or PDCCH communication to be sent to radio node 715 (e.g., control message 455). Figure 4 The configuration information shown is 450). In some aspects, more than one FH-PDCCH communication can be used to configure the forwarding node 710.

[0140] As shown by reference numeral 735, control node 705 may send PDSCH communications and / or PDCCH communications scheduled by PDCCH communications as shown by reference numeral 720 to forwarding node 710. As shown by reference numeral 740, forwarding node 710 may generate PDCCH communications and / or PDSCH communications at least in part based on PDSCH communications received from control node. In some aspects, forwarding node 710 may generate PDCCH communications and / or PDSCH communications at least in part based on digital processing operations configured by the configuration shown by reference numeral 730. In some aspects, the generated PDCCH communications may be scheduled to be transmitted from forwarding node 710 to radio node 715.

[0141] As shown by reference numeral 745, forwarding node 710 can send the generated PDCCH communication of the scheduled PDSCH communication to radio node 715. As shown by reference numeral 750, forwarding node 710 can send the generated PDSCH communication to radio node 715. Forwarding node 710 can use the access link to send the generated PDCCH communication and the generated PDSCH communication to radio node 715.

[0142] In some aspects, the configuration may also use FH-PDCCH communication and / or one or more other FH-PDCCH communications to configure repeater and / or relay operations (e.g., digital processing operations, time-domain resources, frequency-domain resources, etc.) for ACK / NACK feedback messages that can be sent by the radio node 715 and addressed to the control node 705. In some aspects, the configuration may configure one or more repeater and / or relay operations (e.g., digital processing operations, time-domain resources, frequency-domain resources, etc.) associated with future uplink transmissions that can be sent by the radio node 715 and addressed to the control node 705. In some aspects, the repeater and / or relay operation configuration may include configuring semi-static uplink control resources that can be used by the radio node 715 to send control messages (e.g., scheduling requests).

[0143] As pointed out above, Figure 7 This is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from those provided. Figure 7 The example described.

[0144] Figure 8A This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example 800 of a synchronization signal (SS) hierarchy according to this disclosure. Figure 8A As shown, the SS hierarchy may include an SS burst set 805, which may include multiple SS bursts 810 (shown as SS burst 0 to SS burst N-1), where N is the maximum number of repetitions of SS bursts 810 that can be transmitted by the base station. As further shown, each SS burst 810 may include one or more SS blocks (SSBs) 815 (shown as SSB 0 to SSB M-1), where M is the maximum number of SSBs 815 that can be carried by the SS burst 810. In some aspects, different SSBs 815 may be beamformed in different ways (e.g., transmitted using different beams) and may be used for cell search, cell acquisition, beam management, beam selection, etc. (e.g., as part of the initial network access process). Figure 8A As shown, SS burst set 805 can be transmitted periodically by a wireless node (e.g., base station 110), such as every X milliseconds. In some aspects, SS burst set 805 can have a fixed or dynamic length, as shown in Y milliseconds in Figure 8. In some cases, SS burst set 805 or SS burst 810 can be referred to as a Discovery Reference Signal (DRS) transmission window, SSB Measurement Time Configuration (SMTC) window, etc.

[0145] In some aspects, SSB 815 may include resources carrying a primary synchronization signal (PSS) 820, a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) 825, a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) 830, etc. In some aspects, multiple SSBs 815 are included in an SS burst 810 (e.g., transmissions on different beams), and each SSB 815, PSS 820, SSS 825, and / or PBCH 830 across the SS burst 810 may be identical. In some aspects, a single SSB 815 may be included in an SS burst 810. In some aspects, SSB 815 may be at least four symbols in length (e.g., OFDM symbols), wherein each symbol carries one or more of PSS 820 (e.g., occupying one symbol), SSS 825 (e.g., occupying one symbol), and / or PBCH 830 (e.g., occupying two symbols). In some aspects, SSB 815 may be referred to as an SS / PBCH block.

[0146] In some respects, the notation for SSB 815 is consecutive, such as... Figure 8A As shown in the diagram. In some aspects, the symbols of SSB 815 are discontinuous. Similarly, in some aspects, one or more SSB 815s in SS burst 810 may be transmitted in continuous radio resources (e.g., continuous symbols) during one or more time slots. Additionally or alternatively, one or more SSB 815s in SS burst 810 may be transmitted in discontinuous radio resources.

[0147] In some aspects, SS burst 810 may have a burst period, and SSB 815 of SS burst 810 may be transmitted by a radio node (e.g., base station 110) according to the burst period. In this case, SSB 815 may be repeated during each SS burst 810. In some aspects, SS burst set 805 may have a burst set period, whereby SS burst 810 of SS burst set 805 is transmitted by a radio node according to a fixed burst set period. In other words, SS burst 810 may be repeated during each SS burst set 805.

[0148] In some aspects, SSB 815 may include an SSB index, which may correspond to the beam used to carry SSB 815. UE 120 may monitor and / or measure SSB 815 using different receive (Rx) beams during the initial network access procedure and / or cell search procedure, and other examples. Based at least in part on monitoring and / or measurement, UE 120 may indicate to base station 110 one or more SSBs 815 with optimal signal parameters (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) parameters, etc.). Base station 110 and UE 120 may use one or more indicated SSBs 815 to select one or more beams to be used for communication between base station 110 and UE 120 (e.g., for Random Access Channel (RACH) procedures, etc.). Additionally or alternatively, UE 120 may use SSB 815 and / or the SSB index to determine cell timing for a cell (e.g., serving cell) received via its SSB 815.

[0149] As pointed out above, Figure 8A This is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from those provided. Figure 8A The example described.

[0150] Figure 8B Figures 850 and 860 illustrate examples of beam scanning for an access procedure according to this disclosure. As shown by example 850, during an access procedure (e.g., an NR initial access procedure), the base station can perform a downlink beam scan of SSBs (e.g., of the SS burst set as described above) during an SSB period (e.g., an SS burst set period as described above). For example, the base station can perform a downlink beam scan of P SSBs (shown as SSB 0 to SSB P-1). Each SSB in the beam scan can be transmitted using a corresponding beam 855 (e.g., in the corresponding beam direction). For example, a first SSB (SSB 0) can be transmitted using a first beam, a second SSB (SSB 1) can be transmitted using a second beam, and so on.

[0151] As part of the access procedure, the base station may also transmit Remaining Minimal System Information (RMSI) communication. RMSI communication can be transmitted on the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) scheduled by the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH). The base station can transmit the PDCCH for RMSI communication during downlink beam scanning of beam 855 (and in the resources used for SSB transmission during the access procedure).

[0152] The RMSI can indicate the information used by the UE during the Random Access Channel (RACH) procedure. Therefore, as part of the access procedure, the UE can transmit RACH communication using one or more uplink beams corresponding to beam 855 during one or more RACH opportunities in the uplink beam scan. RACH opportunities may include resources associated with SSB transmissions during the access procedure.

[0153] As illustrated in Example 860, in some cases, one or more access procedure communications can be forwarded by one or more analog repeater devices. For example, as shown, the SSB of the access procedure can be forwarded by one or more repeater devices. In Example 860, as described above, the base station can perform a downlink beam scan from SSB 0 to SSB P-1. In some cases, the base station can send one or more SSBs (e.g., in an extended downlink beam scan) to the repeater device for forwarding to the UE. For example, as shown, the base station can send SSB 1-0 and 1-1 (e.g., one or more SSBs) to the first repeater device using a beam scan pointing to the beam of the first repeater device, and the base station can send SSB 2-0 and 2-1 (e.g., one or more SSBs) to the second repeater device using a beam scan pointing to the beam of the second repeater device. The first repeater can receive SSBs 1-0 and 1-1 and forward them using downlink beam scanning of beam 865 (e.g., it can use a beam direction different from the beam in which the first repeater receives the SSBs from the base station). Similarly, the second repeater can receive SSBs 2-0 and 2-1 and forward them using downlink beam scanning of beam 870.

[0154] In some cases, using analog repeaters to forward SSBs can lead to scalability issues. Specifically, analog repeaters cannot store information associated with SSBs and therefore must receive and forward SSB signals in real time (e.g., in full-duplex mode). For example, if a first repeater and a second repeater need to forward SSBs, the base station must transmit multiple SSBs in the direction of the first repeater and multiple SSBs in the direction of the second repeater. In other words, for each repeater that needs to forward an SSB, the base station must perform multiple transmissions of the SSB. This consumes significant network resources and / or substantial computational resources of the base station, among other examples.

[0155] Some of the techniques and apparatus described herein provide efficient SSB forwarding. In some aspects, the forwarding node can receive SSBs to be forwarded by the forwarding node in advance. The forwarding node can store SSBs for subsequent transmission. That is, the forwarding node can be able to convert analog signals into the digital domain for storage. The forwarding node can transmit SSBs at least partially based on the stored SSBs. For example, the forwarding node can regenerate SSBs at least partially based on the stored SSBs. In some aspects, the forwarding node can forward SSBs in parallel with SSBs transmitted by the base station. For example, the forwarding node can forward SSBs within the same SSB cycle in which the base station transmits SSBs. In this way, SSB transmission at the base station can be reduced, thereby saving network resources and / or computing resources at the base station, and other examples.

[0156] As pointed out above, Figure 8B This is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from those provided. Figure 8B The example described.

[0157] Figure 9 This is a diagram illustrating example 900 associated with SSB forwarding according to this disclosure. Figure 9 As shown, Example 900 includes communication between base station 110, forwarding node 905, and UE 120. In some aspects, base station 110, forwarding node 905, and UE 120 may be included in a wireless network (such as wireless network 100). In some aspects, forwarding node 905 (which may be referred to as a repeater and / or relay unit (RU)) may be a wireless node, a base station, a UE, and / or an IAB node, among other examples. In some aspects, forwarding node 905 is a repeater node (e.g., a Layer 1 (L1) repeater node). For example, forwarding node 905 may be a digital repeater node. As described above, a digital repeater node may be able to convert analog signals to the digital domain (e.g., for storage at the digital repeater node).

[0158] In some aspects, base station 110 may be a radio node, an IAB donor node, and / or an IAB node, among other examples. In some aspects, base station 110 is a control node. In some aspects, UE 120 may be a radio node and / or an IAB node, among other examples. In some aspects, base station 110 may be a parent forwarding node of forwarding node 905 and / or UE 120 may be a child forwarding node of forwarding node 905.

[0159] In some aspects, the forwarding node 905 may be configured with one or more of the receive configuration, buffer configuration, or forwarding configuration described above for receiving and forwarding SSB communications. In some aspects, the forwarding node 905 may be configured with a multiplexing configuration for multiplexing received or generated SSB communications. In some aspects, the configuration for the forwarding node 905 may indicate time and frequency resources and beamforming configurations for receiving. In some aspects, the configuration for the forwarding node 905 may indicate time and frequency resources and beamforming configurations for transmitting. In some aspects, the configuration for the forwarding node 905 may indicate regenerated information and / or parameters for communication (e.g., SSB communication). In some aspects, the base station 110 or another control node may configure the forwarding node 905 using one or more of the above configurations.

[0160] As indicated by reference numeral 910, base station 110 may transmit one or more SSB communications (e.g., an SSB or a portion thereof, such as PSS, SSS, PBCH, and / or DMRS), and forwarding node 905 may receive one or more SSB communications for forwarding by forwarding node 905. Base station 110 may transmit one or more SSB communications in FH-PDSCH.

[0161] Base station 110 may transmit one or more SSB communications in resources (e.g., frequency resources) not used for SSB transmissions of base station 110. For example, base station 110 may transmit one or more SSB communications in resources not in a sync grid (e.g., in an asynchronous grid resource). This prevents the UE or other child nodes of base station 110 from confusing one or more SSB communications transmitted to forwarding node 905 for forwarding with the actual SSB transmissions of base station 110.

[0162] One or more SSB communications may be transmitted by the forwarding node 905 in an SSB cycle in which the base station 110 also transmits SSBs. In some aspects, the forwarding node 905 may receive one or more SSB communications in a time interval preceding the SSB cycle in which the forwarding node 905 intends to transmit one or more SSB communications. For example, the forwarding node 905 may receive one or more SSB communications in a first time interval (e.g., a microslot, time slot, subframe, or frame, and other examples), and the one or more SSB communications may be transmitted by the forwarding node 905 in a second (e.g., subsequent) time interval. As another example, the forwarding node 905 may receive one or more SSB communications in a preceding SSB cycle preceding the SSB cycle in which the forwarding node 905 intends to transmit one or more SSB communications.

[0163] In some respects, forwarding node 905 may not be aware of the signal to be forwarded. For example, forwarding node 905 may not be aware that the downlink signal to be forwarded is associated with one or more SSB communications (e.g., not some other downlink signal). That is, forwarding node 905 may handle one or more SSB communications for forwarding in the same way that forwarding node 905 handles any other downlink signal for forwarding.

[0164] As indicated by reference numeral 915, forwarding node 905 may store one or more SSB communications. For example, forwarding node 905 may decode or partially decode (e.g., using Rx chain 504) one or more SSB communications, and store one or more SSB communications before processing them using Tx chain as described above.

[0165] In some aspects, when storing one or more SSB communications, the forwarding node 905 may perform digital processing on the one or more SSB communications to extract information (e.g., digital information associated with the analog signals of the one or more SSB communications) for storage. In some aspects, the forwarding node 905 may extract time-domain IQ samples of the one or more SSB communications (e.g., if the forwarding node 905 is to perform split option 8 forwarding). In some aspects, the forwarding node 905 may extract frequency-domain IQ samples of the one or more SSB communications (e.g., if the forwarding node 905 is to perform split option -1 forwarding). In some aspects, the forwarding node 905 may extract the occupied tone IQ symbols of the one or more SSB communications (e.g., symbols for each antenna) (e.g., if the forwarding node is to perform split option 7-2 forwarding).

[0166] As indicated by reference numeral 920, forwarding node 905 can regenerate one or more SSB communications. Specifically, forwarding node 905 can regenerate one or more SSB communications at least in part based on one or more SSB communications stored by forwarding node 905 (e.g., information extracted for one or more SSB communications). For example, as described above, forwarding node 905 can process the extracted information using a Tx chain (e.g., Tx chain 502). The level of digital processing used by forwarding node 905 to regenerate one or more SSB communications can depend on the level of digital processing performed by forwarding node 905 when receiving one or more SSB communications (e.g., to extract information).

[0167] In some aspects, forwarding node 905 can regenerate the PSS and / or SSS for one or more SSB communications, and can individually regenerate the PBCH (e.g., PBCH communication) and / or DMRS for one or more SSB communications. Therefore, the PSS / SSS to be forwarded and the PBCH / DMRS to be forwarded can be received together or separately at forwarding node 905. Individual regeneration of the PSS / SSS and PBCH / DMRS can be useful because the PSS / SSS has a fixed waveform that does not change based on the SSB index or SSB period of the transmitted PSS / SSS, while the PBCH / DMRS changes based on the SSB index or SSB period of the transmitted PBCH / DMRS.

[0168] In some aspects (e.g., if forwarding node 905 is to perform split option 7-2 forwarding), forwarding node 905 can obtain the PSS and / or SSS to be forwarded from its MT. For example, forwarding node 905 can receive an SSB from base station 110 at its MT (e.g., to establish and maintain an access link between the forwarding node's MT and base station 110). In some aspects, forwarding node 905 can store the SSB received at its MT (e.g., information extracted from the SSB). In some aspects, forwarding node 905 can regenerate the PSS and / or SSS based at least in part on the SSB received at its MT.

[0169] In some aspects (e.g., if forwarding node 905 is to perform split option 7-2 forwarding), forwarding node 905 may obtain the Physical Cell Identifier (PCI) associated with base station 110 (e.g., the PCI carried in the PSS or SSS sent by base station 110). In some aspects, forwarding node 905 may store the PCI. In some aspects, forwarding node 905 may generate the PSS and / or SSS (e.g., a clean PSS / SSS) at least in part based on the PCI. For example, forwarding node 905 may determine the scrambling sequence of the PSS and / or SSS at least in part based on the PCI.

[0170] In some aspects (e.g., if forwarding node 905 is to perform split option 7-2 forwarding), forwarding node 905 may receive a PSS and / or SSS for forwarding once per SSB cycle, and the PSS and / or SSS may be used for all SSBs that forwarding node 905 needs to forward within the SSB cycle. In this case, forwarding node 905 may receive the PSS and / or SSS from base station 110 in the previous SSB cycle or another previous time interval before the SSB cycle in which forwarding node 905 needs to send the PSS and / or SSS. In some aspects (e.g., if forwarding node 905 is to perform split option 7-2 forwarding), forwarding node 905 may receive a PSS and / or SSS for forwarding once for multiple SSB cycles, and the PSS and / or SSS may be used for all SSBs that forwarding node 905 needs to forward within multiple SSB cycles. In this case, the forwarding node 905 can receive the PSS and / or SSS from the base station 110 in the previous SSB cycle or another previous time interval before the forwarding node is to send the PSS and / or SSS in multiple SSB cycles.

[0171] In some aspects, as described above, base station 110 may transmit PSS and / or SSS for forwarding in asynchronous grid resources. In some aspects, base station 110 may transmit PSS and / or SSS for forwarding in downlink signals (e.g., FH-PDSCH) generated by remapping resources (e.g., resource elements) of PSS and / or SSS (e.g., remapping relative to the original PSS and / or SSS such that the remapped PSS and / or SSS cannot be recognized as PSS and / or SSS by the UE or another child node of base station 110). That is, the downlink signal may be at least partially based on resource remapping of PSS and / or SSS.

[0172] In some aspects, forwarding node 905 may store received PSS and / or SSS (e.g., information extracted from PSS and / or SSS as described above). In some aspects, forwarding node 905 may regenerate PSS and / or SSS based at least in part on PSS and / or SSS stored by forwarding node 905 (e.g., information extracted for PSS and / or SSS).

[0173] In some respects (e.g., if forwarding node 905 is to perform split option 7-2 forwarding), forwarding node 905 may receive all PBCH and / or DMRS for forwarding on a periodic basis (e.g., periodically), and the PBCH and / or DMRS may be used for all SSBs forwarded by forwarding node 905 in an SSB period. In this case, forwarding node 905 may receive PBCH and / or DMRS from base station 110 in the previous SSB period or another previous time interval before the SSB period in which forwarding node 905 is to send PBCH and / or DMRS.

[0174] In some aspects, base station 110 may transmit PBCH and / or DMRS for forwarding in synchronization grid resources. That is, base station 110 may transmit PBCH and / or DMRS for forwarding in resources (e.g., frequency resources) also used for SSB transmissions of base station 110. In some aspects, base station 110 may transmit PBCH and / or DMRS for forwarding in downlink signals generated by multiplexing multiple PBCH / DMRS instances. For example, base station 110 may also transmit downlink signals that multiplex multiple PBCH / DMRS for multiple SSBs.

[0175] In some aspects, forwarding node 905 may store PBCH and / or DMRS (e.g., information extracted from PBCH and / or DMRS as described above). In some aspects, forwarding node 905 may regenerate PBCH and / or DMRS based at least in part on PBCH and / or DMRS stored by forwarding node 905 (e.g., information extracted for PBCH and / or DMRS).

[0176] In some aspects (e.g., if the forwarding node is to perform split option 7-3 forwarding), base station 110 may transmit one or more SSB communications for forwarding, along with additional pilot signals for performing channel estimation and / or channel equalization at forwarding node 905 (e.g., additional pilot signals relative to the pilot signals associated with the one or more SSB communications for performing channel estimation / equalization at the UE). In this way, base station 110 can transmit the one or more SSB communications for forwarding as a normal downlink channel. Forwarding node 905 can use the additional pilot signals to perform channel estimation and / or channel equalization in order to extract information from the one or more SSB communications as described above.

[0177] In some respects (e.g., if the forwarding node is to perform split option 7-3 forwarding), the forwarding node 905 can use one or more reference sequences (e.g., reference signals) (such as PSS, SSS, and / or DMRS) associated with one or more SSB communications to perform channel estimation and / or channel equalization. In such an example, the forwarding node 905 can obtain information associated with the reference sequences (e.g., resource locations and / or sequences in use, and others) before receiving one or more SSB communications (e.g., one or more complete SSBs) for forwarding. Therefore, the forwarding node 905 can use the reference sequences to perform channel estimation and / or channel equalization in order to extract information from one or more SSB communications for the regeneration of one or more SSB communications, as described above.

[0178] In some aspects, forwarding node 905 can generate PSS and / or SSS as described above and can separately receive PBCH and / or DMRS for forwarding. In this example, forwarding node 905 can use the generated PSS / SSS to perform channel estimation and / or channel equalization in order to extract information from PBCH for regenerating PBCH as described above.

[0179] In some aspects (e.g., if forwarding node 905 is to perform split option 6 forwarding), forwarding node 905 can decode the SSB (e.g., received at forwarding node 905 for forwarding purposes, or received at the MT of forwarding node 905) to determine the content of the Master Information Block (MIB). In some aspects, as described above, forwarding node 905 can store the content of the MIB. Furthermore, forwarding node 905 can receive an indication (e.g., configuration) of the transmission time of the MIB from base station 110 (or another control node) (e.g., in conjunction with instructions for generating the PBCH). For example, the transmission time can be the SSB index, half-frame and / or system frame number, and other examples. In some aspects, forwarding node 905 can generate the PBCH and / or DMRS based at least in part on the content of the MIB and the transmission time. For example, forwarding node 905 can determine the scrambling sequence of the PBCH and / or DMRS based at least in part on the transmission time.

[0180] As shown by reference numeral 925a, forwarding node 905 can transmit (e.g., forward) and UE 120 can receive one or more SSB communications regenerated by forwarding node 905. As described above, forwarding node 905 can transmit one or more SSB communications during a downlink beam scan. As shown by reference numeral 925b, base station 110 can transmit and UE 120 (and / or the MT of forwarding node 905) can receive one or more SSB communications. As described above, base station 110 can transmit one or more SSB communications during a downlink beam scan. Forwarding node 905 and base station 110 can transmit SSB communications in parallel. That is, forwarding node 905 and base station 110 can transmit SSB communications in the same SSB cycle.

[0181] Depending on the joint beam scanning pattern, the forwarding node 905 can transmit one or more SSB communications (hereinafter referred to as FNSSB), and the base station 110 can transmit one or more SSB communications (hereinafter referred to as BS SSB). In some aspects, the forwarding node 905 can transmit FNSSB in resources where the MT of the forwarding node 905 is not scanning and receiving BS SSBs from the base station 110. Therefore, the base station 110 can transmit BS SSBs in resources different from those used by the forwarding node 905 to transmit FNSSBs (e.g., the base station 110 can transmit BS SSBs in resources where the MT of the forwarding node 905 is scanning and receiving BS SSBs). This may be useful when the forwarding node 905 is not operating in full-duplex mode and / or when self-interference at the forwarding node 905 is relatively high.

[0182] In some aspects, the FN SSB transmitted by forwarding node 905 can be time-division multiplexed with the BS SSB transmitted by base station 110 (e.g., the BS SSB and FN SSB can be in orthogonal resources). In this way, base station 110 (or another control node) can be able to distinguish the SSB received at UE 120 and determine whether UE 120 is communicating via a direct connection to base station 110 or an indirect connection to base station 110 (e.g., via forwarding node 905). For example, base station 110 (or another control node) can determine whether the RACH timing used by UE 120 is associated with an SSB transmitted from forwarding node 905 or base station 110. In some aspects, the FN SSB transmitted by forwarding node 905 can overlap in time with the BS SSB transmitted by base station 110 (e.g., using frequency division multiplexing and / or space division multiplexing). In this way, network resources can be saved.

[0183] In some aspects, base station 110 can monitor FN SSB transmissions and BS SSB transmissions to identify the spatial coverage of beams used by base station 110 and forwarding node 905, respectively. Based at least in part on identifying the spatial coverage, base station 110 can determine multiplexed (e.g., at the same SSB location) SSB transmissions using beams with non-overlapping coverage by base station 110 and forwarding node 905. Additionally or alternatively, base station 110 can determine multiplexed (e.g., at the same SSB location) SSB transmissions using beams with overlapping coverage by base station 110 and forwarding node 905 (e.g., such as by introducing combined beams of base station 110 and forwarding node 905 to improve the spatial diversity of SSB transmissions). Base station 110 (or another control node) can send a configuration to forwarding node 905 that enables the multiplexing determined by base station 110.

[0184] As pointed out above, Figure 9 This is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from those provided. Figure 9 The example described.

[0185] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example process 1000 performed, for example, by a forwarding node according to the present disclosure. Example process 1000 is an example in which a forwarding node (e.g., forwarding node 905, UE 120, base station 110, radio node and / or IAB node, and other examples) performs operations associated with SSB forwarding.

[0186] like Figure 10 As shown, in some aspects, process 1000 may include receiving one or more SSB communications to be sent during an SSB cycle (block 1010). For example, a forwarding node (e.g., using...) Figure 12 The receiving component 1202 depicted can receive one or more SSB communications to be sent in an SSB cycle as described above.

[0187] like Figure 10 As further shown, in some aspects, process 1000 may include storing one or more SSB communications (block 1020). For example, a forwarding node (e.g., using...) Figure 12 The described storage component 1208 can store one or more SSB communications as described above.

[0188] like Figure 10 As further shown, in some aspects, process 1000 may include sending one or more SSB communications during an SSB cycle (block 1030). For example, a forwarding node (e.g., using...) Figure 12 The described transmitting component 1204 can transmit one or more SSB communications during an SSB cycle as described above.

[0189] Process 1000 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects of one or more other processes described below and / or in conjunction with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

[0190] In the first aspect, one or more SSB communications are received in a resource that is not in a synchronization grid.

[0191] In the second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, process 1000 includes extracting information from one or more SSB communications and regenerating one or more SSB communications at least in part based on that information.

[0192] In the third aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, process 1000 includes receiving a primary synchronization signal or a secondary synchronization signal at the mobile terminal of the forwarding node, and regenerating the primary synchronization signal or secondary synchronization signal for communication of one or more SSBs.

[0193] In the fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to third aspects, process 1000 includes generating a primary synchronization signal or secondary synchronization signal for communication of one or more SSBs based at least in part on a physical cell identifier associated with a base station.

[0194] In the fifth aspect, receiving one or more SSB communications, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fourth aspects, includes receiving a primary or secondary synchronization signal for an SSB to be transmitted during an SSB cycle.

[0195] In the sixth aspect, receiving one or more SSB communications, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fifth aspects, includes receiving a primary or secondary synchronization signal for an SSB to be transmitted in an SSB cycle and one or more additional SSB cycles.

[0196] In the seventh aspect, receiving one or more SSB communications, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to sixth aspects, includes receiving a primary or secondary synchronization signal for one or more SSB communications in a resource not in a synchronization grid.

[0197] In the eighth aspect, receiving one or more SSB communications, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to seventh aspects, includes receiving a primary or secondary synchronization signal for one or more SSB communications in a downlink signal that is at least partially based on a resource remapping of a primary or secondary synchronization signal.

[0198] In the ninth aspect, receiving one or more SSB communications, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eighth aspects, includes receiving a physical broadcast channel or demodulation reference signal for one or more SSB communications to be transmitted in the SSB cycle during a time interval prior to the SSB cycle.

[0199] In the tenth aspect, receiving one or more SSB communications, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to ninth aspects, includes receiving a physical broadcast channel or demodulation reference signal for one or more SSB communications in a resource located in a synchronization grid.

[0200] In the eleventh aspect, receiving one or more SSB communications, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to tenth aspects, includes receiving multiple physical broadcast channels or demodulation reference signals for multiplexing one or more SSB communications and one or more additional SSB communications in downlink signals.

[0201] In the twelfth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eleventh aspects, process 1000 includes performing channel estimation or equalization to extract information from one or more SSB communications.

[0202] In the thirteenth aspect, channel estimation or equalization is performed, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to twelfth aspects, using pilot signals received with one or more SSB communications for the forwarding node.

[0203] In the fourteenth aspect, channel estimation or equalization is performed, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to thirteenth aspects, using at least one reference sequence associated with one or more SSB communications.

[0204] In the fifteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fourteenth aspects, process 1000 includes determining the content of the master information block based at least in part on decoding the physical broadcast channel of one or more SSB communications, and an indication of the transmission time of receiving the master information block.

[0205] In the sixteenth aspect, sending one or more SSB communications, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fifteenth aspects, includes sending one or more SSB communications together with one or more additional SSB communications sent by the base station during the SSB cycle.

[0206] In the seventeenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to sixteenth aspects, the forwarding node is a repeater node.

[0207] In the eighteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to seventeenth aspects, process 1000 includes digital processing that performs one or more SSB communications.

[0208] In the nineteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eighteenth aspects, process 1000 includes forwarding one or more non-SSB communications between the first wireless node and the second wireless node.

[0209] In the twentieth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to nineteenth aspects, one or more SSB communications are received from the control node.

[0210] In aspect 21, either alone or in combination with one or more of aspects 1 to 20, the control node is a base station.

[0211] although Figure 10 An example block diagram of process 1000 is shown, but in some aspects, process 1000 may include, compared to Figure 10 The boxes shown may include additional boxes, fewer boxes, different boxes, or boxes arranged differently. Alternatively or additionally, two or more boxes in process 1000 may be executed in parallel.

[0212] Figure 11 This is a diagram illustrating an example process 1100 performed, for example, by a control node according to this disclosure. Example process 1100 is an example in which a control node (e.g., base station 110, radio node, IAB node, IAB donor) performs operations associated with SSB forwarding.

[0213] like Figure 11 As shown, in some aspects, process 1100 may include sending one or more SSB communications to be sent by the forwarding node during an SSB cycle (block 1110). For example, the control node (e.g., using...) Figure 13 The transmitting component 1304 described herein can transmit one or more SSB communications to be transmitted by the forwarding node in an SSB cycle as described above.

[0214] like Figure 11 As further shown, in some aspects, process 1100 may include sending one or more additional SSB communications (block 1120) along with one or more SSB communications during an SSB cycle. For example, a control node (e.g., using...) Figure 13 The transmitting component 1304 described herein can transmit one or more additional SSB communications together with one or more SSB communications during an SSB cycle, as described above.

[0215] Process 1100 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects of one or more other processes described below and / or in conjunction with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

[0216] In the first aspect, one or more SSB communications are sent in resources that are not in the synchronization grid.

[0217] In the second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, process 1100 includes sending a primary synchronization signal or a secondary synchronization signal to the mobile terminal of the forwarding node to enable the forwarding node to regenerate the primary synchronization signal or secondary synchronization signal for one or more SSB communications.

[0218] In the third aspect, sending one or more SSB communications, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, includes sending a primary or secondary synchronization signal for an SSB to be sent by a forwarding node during an SSB cycle.

[0219] In the fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to third aspects, sending one or more SSB communications includes sending a primary or secondary synchronization signal for an SSB to be sent by a forwarding node in an SSB cycle and one or more additional SSB cycles.

[0220] In the fifth aspect, sending one or more SSB communications, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fourth aspects, includes sending a primary or secondary synchronization signal for one or more SSB communications in a resource not in the synchronization grid.

[0221] In the sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fifth aspects, sending one or more SSB communications includes sending a primary or secondary synchronization signal for one or more SSB communications in a downlink signal that is at least partially based on a resource remapping of a primary or secondary synchronization signal.

[0222] In the seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to sixth aspects, sending one or more SSB communications includes sending a physical broadcast channel or demodulation reference signal for one or more SSB communications to be sent by the forwarding node during the SSB cycle in a time interval prior to the SSB cycle.

[0223] In the eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to seventh aspects, transmitting one or more SSB communications includes transmitting a physical broadcast channel or demodulation reference signal for one or more SSB communications in a resource located in a synchronization grid.

[0224] In the ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eighth aspects, transmitting one or more SSB communications includes transmitting multiple physical broadcast channels or demodulation reference signals for multiplexing one or more SSB communications and one or more additional SSB communications in downlink signals.

[0225] In the tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to ninth aspects, process 1100 includes transmitting pilot signals to be used by a forwarding node to perform channel estimation or equalization using one or more SSB communications.

[0226] In the eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to tenth aspects, one or more SSB communications are associated with at least one reference sequence to be used by the forwarding node to perform channel estimation or equalization.

[0227] In the twelfth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eleventh aspects, process 1100 includes sending an indication of the transmission time for the forwarding node to send a master information block decoded from one or more SSB communications sent to the forwarding node via a physical broadcast channel.

[0228] In aspect thirteen, either alone or in combination with one or more of aspects one through thirteen, the forwarding node is a repeater node.

[0229] In the fourteenth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to thirteenth aspects, the control node is a base station.

[0230] although Figure 11 An example block diagram of process 1100 is shown, but in some aspects, process 1100 may include, compared to Figure 11 Additional boxes, fewer boxes, different boxes, or boxes arranged differently in the block diagram shown. Additionally or alternatively, two or more boxes in process 1100 may be executed in parallel.

[0231] Figure 12 This is a block diagram of an example apparatus 1200 for wireless communication according to the present disclosure. Apparatus 1200 may be a forwarding node, or a forwarding node may include apparatus 1200. In some aspects, apparatus 1200 includes a receiving component 1202 and a transmitting component 1204, which can communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses and / or one or more other components). As shown, apparatus 1200 can use the receiving component 1202 and the transmitting component 1204 to communicate with another apparatus 1206 (such as a UE, a base station, or another wireless communication device). As further shown, apparatus 1200 may include one or more of a storage component 1208 or a generation component 1210, and other examples.

[0232] In some respects, device 1200 can be configured to perform the functions described herein. Figure 9 The described one or more operations. Additionally or alternatively, the apparatus 1200 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as Figure 10The process 1000 or a combination thereof. In some respects, Figure 12 The device 1200 and / or one or more components shown may include the above-described components. Figure 2 One or more components of the described forwarding node. Additionally or alternatively, Figure 12 One or more components shown can be implemented in the above combination Figure 2 Within the described one or more components. Additionally or alternatively, one or more components in the set of components may be implemented at least partially as software stored in memory. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by a controller or processor to perform the function or operation of the component.

[0233] Receiver 1202 may receive communications from device 1206, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or combinations thereof. Receiver 1202 may provide the received communications to one or more other components of device 1200. In some aspects, receiver 1202 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, demapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, etc.) and may provide the processed signals to one or more other components of device 1206. In some aspects, as described above, receiver 1202 may perform digital processing on the received communications. In some aspects, receiver 1202 may include the elements described above. Figure 2 The described forwarding node includes one or more antennas, demodulators, MIMO detectors, receiver processors, controllers / processors, memory, or combinations thereof.

[0234] Transmitting component 1204 can transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or combinations thereof, to device 1206. In some aspects, one or more other components of device 1206 can generate communications and provide the generated communications to transmitting component 1204 for transmission to device 1206. In some aspects, transmitting component 1204 can perform signal processing (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding) on ​​the generated communications and can transmit the processed signals to device 1206. In some aspects, as described above, transmitting component 1204 can perform digital processing on the generated communications. In some aspects, transmitting component 1204 can include the elements described above. Figure 2 The described relay node includes one or more antennas, modulators, transmit MIMO processors, transmit processors, controllers / processors, memories, or combinations thereof. In some aspects, the transmit component 1204 may be co-located with the receive component 1202 in the transceiver.

[0235] The receiving component 1202 can receive one or more SSB communications to be transmitted during an SSB cycle. The storage component 1208 can store one or more first SSB communications. In some aspects, the storage component 1208 may include the elements described above. Figure 2 The described forwarding node includes a demodulator, MIMO detector, receive processor, controller / processor, memory, or a combination thereof. Transmitting component 1204 can transmit one or more SSB communications during an SSB cycle.

[0236] Storage component 1208 can extract information from one or more first SSB communications.

[0237] Generation component 1210 can regenerate one or more SSB communications based at least in part on this information. Generation component 1210 can regenerate a primary synchronization signal or a secondary synchronization signal for one or more SSB communications. Generation component 1210 can generate the primary synchronization signal or secondary synchronization signal for one or more SSB communications based at least in part on the physical cell identifier associated with the base station. In some aspects, generation component 1210 may include the above-described combination of... Figure 2 The modulator, transmit MIMO processor, transmit processor, controller / processor, memory, or a combination thereof of the described forwarding node.

[0238] The receiving component 1202 can receive a primary synchronization signal or a secondary synchronization signal at the mobile terminal of the forwarding node. The receiving component 1202 can perform channel estimation or equalization to extract information from one or more SSB communications. The receiving component 1202 can determine the content of the primary information block based at least in part on decoding the physical broadcast channel of one or more SSB communications.

[0239] Figure 12 The number and arrangement of components shown are provided as an example. In practice, there may be a comparison... Figure 12 The components shown may include additional components, fewer components, different components, or components with different arrangements. Furthermore, Figure 12 The two or more components shown can be implemented within a single component, or Figure 12 The single component shown can be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally or alternatively, Figure 12 The collection of (one or more) components shown can perform actions described as being performed by Figure 12 The components shown represent one or more functions performed by another set of components.

[0240] Figure 13This is a block diagram of an example device 1300 for wireless communication. Device 1300 may be a control node, or a control node may include device 1300. In some aspects, device 1300 includes a receiving component 1302 and a transmitting component 1304, which can communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses and / or one or more other components). As shown, device 1300 can use the receiving component 1302 and the transmitting component 1304 to communicate with another device 1306 (such as a UE, a base station, or another wireless communication device). As further shown, device 1300 may include a determining component 1308 and other examples.

[0241] In some respects, device 1300 can be configured to perform the functions described herein. Figure 9 The described one or more operations. Additionally or alternatively, the apparatus 1300 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as Figure 11 The process 1100 or a combination thereof. In some respects, Figure 13 The device 1300 and / or one or more components shown may include the above-described components. Figure 2 One or more components of the described base station. Additionally or alternatively, Figure 13 One or more components shown can be implemented in the above combination Figure 2 Within the described one or more components. Additionally or alternatively, one or more components in the set of components may be implemented at least partially as software stored in memory. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by a controller or processor to perform the function or operation of the component.

[0242] Receiver 1302 may receive communications from device 1306, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or combinations thereof. Receiver 1302 may provide the received communications to one or more other components of device 1300. In some aspects, receiver 1302 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, demapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding), and may provide the processed signals to one or more other components of device 1306. In some aspects, receiver 1302 may include the elements described above. Figure 2 The described base station includes one or more antennas, demodulators, MIMO detectors, receiver processors, controllers / processors, memory, or combinations thereof.

[0243] Transmitting component 1304 can transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or combinations thereof, to device 1306. In some aspects, one or more other components of device 1306 can generate communications and provide the generated communications to transmitting component 1304 for transmission to device 1306. In some aspects, transmitting component 1304 can perform signal processing (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding) on ​​the generated communications and can transmit the processed signals to device 1306. In some aspects, transmitting component 1304 may include the combinations described above. Figure 2 The described base station includes one or more antennas, modulators, transmit MIMO processors, transmit processors, controllers / processors, memory, or combinations thereof. In some aspects, transmit component 1304 may be co-located with receive component 1302 in a transceiver.

[0244] Component 1308 can determine one or more SSB communications to be sent by the forwarding node during an SSB cycle. In some aspects, component 1308 may include the above-described combination of... Figure 2 The described base station includes a controller / processor, memory, or a combination thereof. Transmitting component 1304 can send one or more SSB communications to a forwarding node. Transmitting component 1304 can also send one or more additional SSB communications during an SSB cycle, along with one or more SSB communications sent by the forwarding node.

[0245] Transmitting component 1304 can send a primary synchronization signal or a secondary synchronization signal to the mobile terminal of the forwarding node so that the forwarding node can regenerate the primary synchronization signal or secondary synchronization signal for one or more first SSB communications. Transmitting component 1304 can also send pilot signals, along with one or more first SSB communications, to be used by the forwarding node to perform channel estimation or equalization. Transmitting component 1304 can also send an indication of the transmission time for the forwarding node to send the master information block decoded from the physical broadcast channel of one or more first SSB communications sent to the forwarding node.

[0246] Component 1308 can determine the configuration for device 1306. Component 1308 can determine the joint beam scanning pattern. Component 1308 can determine multiplexed SSB transmission.

[0247] Figure 13 The number and arrangement of components shown are provided as an example. In practice, there may be a comparison... Figure 13 The components shown may include additional components, fewer components, different components, or components with different arrangements. Furthermore, Figure 13 The two or more components shown can be implemented within a single component, or Figure 13The single component shown can be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally or alternatively, Figure 13 The collection of (one or more) components shown can perform actions described as being performed by Figure 13 The components shown represent one or more functions performed by another set of components.

[0248] The following provides an overview of some aspects of this disclosure:

[0249] Aspect 1: A method of wireless communication performed by a forwarding node includes: receiving one or more synchronization signal block (SSB) communications to be transmitted in an SSB cycle; storing one or more SSB communications; and transmitting one or more SSB communications in an SSB cycle.

[0250] Aspect 2: According to the method of aspect 1, wherein one or more SSB communications are received in a resource not in a synchronization grid.

[0251] Aspect 3: The method according to any one of aspects 1-2 further includes: extracting information from one or more SSB communications; and regenerating one or more SSB communications at least in part based on the information.

[0252] Aspect 4: The method according to any one of aspects 1-3 further includes: receiving a primary synchronization signal or a secondary synchronization signal at a mobile terminal of a forwarding node; and regenerating a primary synchronization signal or a secondary synchronization signal for communication of one or more SSBs.

[0253] Aspect 5: The method according to any one of aspects 1-2 further includes: generating a primary synchronization signal or a secondary synchronization signal for communication of one or more SSBs, based at least in part on a physical cell identifier associated with a base station.

[0254] Aspect 6: The method according to any one of aspects 1-5, wherein receiving one or more SSB communications includes: receiving a primary synchronization signal or a secondary synchronization signal of an SSB to be transmitted in an SSB cycle.

[0255] Aspect 7: The method according to any one of aspects 1-5, wherein receiving one or more SSB communications includes: receiving a primary synchronization signal or a secondary synchronization signal of an SSB to be transmitted in an SSB cycle and one or more additional SSB cycles.

[0256] Aspect 8: The method according to any one of aspects 1-7, wherein receiving one or more SSB communications comprises: receiving a primary synchronization signal or a secondary synchronization signal for one or more SSB communications in a resource not in a synchronization grid.

[0257] Aspect 9: The method according to any one of aspects 1-7, wherein receiving one or more SSB communications comprises: receiving a primary or secondary synchronization signal for one or more SSBs in a downlink signal that is at least partially based on a primary or secondary synchronization signal for resource remapping.

[0258] Aspect 10: The method according to any one of aspects 1-9, wherein receiving one or more SSB communications comprises: receiving a physical broadcast channel or demodulation reference signal for one or more SSB communications to be transmitted in the SSB period during a time interval prior to the SSB period.

[0259] Aspect 11: The method according to any one of aspects 1-10, wherein receiving one or more SSB communications comprises: receiving a physical broadcast channel or demodulation reference signal for one or more SSB communications in a resource located in a synchronization grid.

[0260] Aspect 12: The method according to any one of aspects 1-11, wherein receiving one or more SSB communications comprises: receiving a plurality of physical broadcast channels or demodulation reference signals for multiplexing one or more SSB communications and one or more additional SSB communications in a downlink signal.

[0261] Aspect 13: The method according to any one of aspects 1-12 further includes: performing channel estimation or equalization to extract information from one or more SSB communications.

[0262] Aspect 14: The method according to aspect 13, wherein channel estimation or equalization is performed using pilot signals for forwarding nodes received in conjunction with one or more SSB communications.

[0263] Aspect 15: The method according to aspect 13, wherein channel estimation or equalization is performed using at least one reference sequence associated with one or more SSB communications.

[0264] Aspect 16: The method according to any one of aspects 1-15 further includes: determining the content of the master information block based at least in part on decoding one or more physical broadcast channels of SSB communications; and receiving an indication of the transmission time for the master information block.

[0265] Aspect 17: The method according to any one of aspects 1-16, wherein sending one or more SSB communications comprises: sending one or more SSB communications together with one or more additional SSB communications sent by the base station during an SSB cycle.

[0266] Aspect 18: The method described according to any one of aspects 1-17, wherein the forwarding node is a repeater node.

[0267] Aspect 19: The method according to any one of aspects 1-18 further includes: performing digital processing of one or more SSB communications.

[0268] Aspect 20: The method according to any one of aspects 1-19 further includes: forwarding one or more non-SSB communications between the first wireless node and the second wireless node.

[0269] Aspect 21: The method according to any one of aspects 1-20, wherein one or more SSB communications are received from the control node.

[0270] Aspect 22: According to the method described in aspect 21, the control node is a base station.

[0271] Aspect 23: A method of wireless communication performed by a control node, comprising: transmitting one or more synchronization signal block (SSB) communications to be transmitted by a forwarding node in an SSB cycle; and transmitting one or more additional SSB communications together with the one or more SSB communications in the SSB cycle.

[0272] Aspect 24: The method according to aspect 23, wherein one or more SSB communications are sent in a resource not in a synchronization grid.

[0273] Aspect 25: The method according to any one of aspects 23-24 further includes: sending a primary synchronization signal or a secondary synchronization signal to a mobile terminal of the forwarding node so that the forwarding node can regenerate the primary synchronization signal or secondary synchronization signal for communication of one or more SSBs.

[0274] Aspect 26: The method according to any one of aspects 23-25, wherein sending one or more SSB communications comprises: sending a primary synchronization signal or a secondary synchronization signal of an SSB to be sent by a forwarding node in an SSB cycle.

[0275] Aspect 27: The method according to any one of aspects 23-25, wherein sending one or more SSB communications comprises: sending a primary synchronization signal or a secondary synchronization signal for an SSB to be sent by a forwarding node in an SSB cycle and one or more additional SSB cycles.

[0276] Aspect 28: The method according to any one of aspects 23-27, wherein sending one or more SSB communications comprises: sending a primary synchronization signal or a secondary synchronization signal for one or more SSB communications in a resource not in a synchronization grid.

[0277] Aspect 29: The method according to any one of aspects 23-27, wherein sending one or more SSB communications comprises: sending a primary or secondary synchronization signal for one or more SSBs in a downlink signal that is at least partially based on a primary or secondary synchronization signal for resource remapping.

[0278] Aspect 30: The method according to any one of aspects 23-29, wherein sending one or more SSB communications comprises: sending a physical broadcast channel or demodulation reference signal for one or more SSB communications to be sent by the forwarding node in the SSB period during a time interval prior to the SSB period.

[0279] Aspect 31: The method according to any one of aspects 23-30, wherein transmitting one or more SSB communications comprises: transmitting a physical broadcast channel or demodulation reference signal for one or more SSB communications in a resource located in a synchronization grid.

[0280] Aspect 32: The method according to any one of aspects 23-31, wherein transmitting one or more SSB communications comprises: transmitting a plurality of physical broadcast channels or demodulation reference signals for multiplexing one or more SSB communications and one or more additional SSB communications in a downlink signal.

[0281] Aspect 33: The method according to any one of aspects 23-32 further includes: transmitting pilot signals, which will be used by the forwarding node to perform channel estimation or equalization, together with one or more SSB communications.

[0282] Aspect 34: The method according to any one of aspects 23-32, wherein one or more SSB communications are associated with at least one reference sequence to be used by the forwarding node to perform channel estimation or equalization.

[0283] Aspect 35: The method according to any one of aspects 23-34 further includes: sending an indication of the transmission time for the forwarding node to send a master information block decoded from one or more SSB communications sent to the forwarding node via a physical broadcast channel.

[0284] Aspect 36: The method described according to any one of aspects 23-35, wherein the forwarding node is a repeater node.

[0285] Aspect 37: The method described in aspects 23-36, wherein the control node is a base station.

[0286] Aspect 38: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, comprising a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform the methods described in one or more of aspects 1-22.

[0287] Aspect 39: An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising a memory and one or more processors coupled to the memory, the memory and the one or more processors being configured to perform the method described in one or more of aspects 1-22.

[0288] Aspect 40: An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising at least one component for performing the method described in one or more of aspects 1-22.

[0289] Aspect 41: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code including instructions executable by a processor to perform the methods described in one or more of aspects 1-22.

[0290] Aspect 42: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions including one or more instructions which, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the methods described in one or more of aspects 1-22.

[0291] Aspect 38: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, comprising a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform the methods described in one or more of aspects 23-37.

[0292] Aspect 39: An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising a memory and one or more processors coupled to the memory, the memory and the one or more processors being configured to perform the method described in one or more of aspects 23-37.

[0293] Aspect 40: An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising at least one component for performing the method described in one or more of aspects 23-37.

[0294] Aspect 41: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code including instructions executable by a processor to perform the methods described in one or more of aspects 23-37.

[0295] Aspect 42: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions including one or more instructions which, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the methods described in one or more of aspects 23-37.

[0296] The foregoing disclosure provides illustrations and descriptions, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the precise forms disclosed. Modifications and variations may be made based on the foregoing disclosure or may be derived from practice in these aspects.

[0297] As used herein, the term "component" is intended to be interpreted broadly as hardware and / or a combination of hardware and software. Whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise, "software" should be interpreted broadly as instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subroutines, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures and / or functions, and other examples. As used herein, processors are implemented in hardware and / or a combination of hardware and software. Clearly, the systems and / or methods described herein can be implemented in various forms of hardware and / or combinations of hardware and software. The actual dedicated control hardware or software code used to implement these systems and / or methods is not limited to these aspects. Therefore, this document describes the operation and behavior of systems and / or methods without reference to specific software code—it should be understood that software and hardware can be designed to implement systems and / or methods, at least in part, based on the descriptions herein.

[0298] As used in this article, depending on the context, satisfying the threshold can mean a value greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, not equal to the threshold, etc.

[0299] Although specific combinations of features are recited in the claims and / or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of aspects. In fact, many of these features can be combined in ways not specifically recited in the claims and / or disclosed in the specification. Although each dependent claim listed below may be directly dependent on only one claim, the disclosure of aspects includes each dependent claim combined with each other claim in the claim set. As used herein, the phrase “at least one of” in the list of items refers to any combination of these items, including single members. As an example, “at least one of a, b, or c” is intended to cover a, b, c, ab, ac, bc, and abc, as well as any combination having multiple identical elements (e.g., aa, aaa, aab, aac, abb, acc, bb, bbb, bbc, cc, and ccc, or any other order of a, b, and c).

[0300] None of the elements, actions, or instructions used herein should be construed as critical or necessary unless explicitly described. Furthermore, as used herein, the articles “a” and “an” are intended to include one or more items and are interchangeable with “one or more.” Furthermore, as used herein, the article “the” is intended to include one or more items referenced in combination with the article “the” and is interchangeable with “the one or more.” Furthermore, as used herein, the terms “set” and “group” are intended to include one or more items (e.g., related items, unrelated items, a combination of related and unrelated items) and are interchangeable with “one or more.” If only one item is intended to be used, the phrase “only one” or similar language is used. Furthermore, as used herein, the terms “has,” “have,” “having,” etc., are intended to be open-ended terms. Furthermore, unless explicitly stated otherwise, the phrase “based on” is intended to mean “at least partially based on.” Additionally, as used herein, the term “or” is intended to be included when used in a series of forms and may be used interchangeably with “and / or”, unless otherwise expressly stated (e.g., if used in conjunction with “any one of” or “only one of”).

Claims

1. A forwarding node for wireless communication, comprising: a memory; one or more processors coupled to the memory; and instructions stored in the memory and operable, when executed by the one or more processors, to cause the forwarding node to: receive one or more synchronization signal block (SSB) communications to be transmitted in an SSB period; extract information from the one or more SSB communications; store the extracted information of the one or more SSB communications; and transmit a regenerated version of the one or more SSB communications in the SSB period, wherein the regenerated version of the one or more SSB communications is based at least in part on the extracted information. The one or more SSB communications are received in resources that are not located in a synchronization raster.

2. The forwarding node of claim 1, wherein, The one or more processors are further configured to:

3. The forwarding node of claim 1, wherein, receive a primary synchronization signal or a secondary synchronization signal at a mobile terminal of the forwarding node; and regenerate the primary synchronization signal or the secondary synchronization signal for the one or more SSB communications. The one or more processors are further configured to:

4. The forwarding node of claim 1, wherein, generate a primary synchronization signal or a secondary synchronization signal for the one or more SSB communications based at least in part on a physical cell identifier associated with a base station. To receive the one or more SSB communications, the one or more processors are configured to:

5. The forwarding node of claim 1, wherein, receive a primary synchronization signal or a secondary synchronization signal for an SSB to be transmitted in the SSB period. To receive the one or more SSB communications, the one or more processors are configured to:

6. The forwarding node of claim 1, wherein, receive a primary synchronization signal or a secondary synchronization signal for an SSB to be transmitted in the SSB period and one or more additional SSB periods. To receive the one or more SSB communications, the one or more processors are configured to:

7. The forwarding node of claim 1, wherein, receive the primary synchronization signal or the secondary synchronization signal for the one or more SSB communications in a downlink signal that is remapped based at least in part on a primary synchronization signal or a secondary synchronization signal. To receive the one or more SSB communications, the one or more processors are configured to:

8. The forwarding node of claim 1, wherein, receive a physical broadcast channel or a demodulation reference signal for the one or more SSB communications in a time interval preceding the SSB period. To receive the one or more SSB communications, the one or more processors are configured to:

9. The forwarding node of claim 1, wherein, receive a physical broadcast channel or a demodulation reference signal for the one or more SSB communications in resources located in a synchronization raster. To receive the one or more SSB communications, the one or more processors are configured to:

10. The forwarding node of claim 1, wherein, receive a plurality of physical broadcast channels or demodulation reference signals for the one or more SSB communications and one or more additional SSB communications that are multiplexed in a downlink signal. The one or more processors are further configured to:

11. The forwarding node of claim 1, wherein, determine contents of a master information block based at least in part on decoding a physical broadcast channel of the one or more SSB communications; and receive an indication of a transmission time for the master information block. ​ 12. The forwarding node of claim 1, wherein, To transmit the regenerated version of the one or more SSB communications, the one or more processors are configured to: transmit, in the SSB period, one or more additional SSB communications together with the regenerated version of the one or more SSB communications transmitted by the base station.

13. A control node for wireless communication, comprising: memory; one or more processors coupled to the memory; and instructions stored in the memory and operable, when executed by the one or more processors, to cause the control node to: transmit, to a forwarding node, one or more SSB communications to be transmitted by the forwarding node in a synchronization signal block (SSB) period; and transmit, in the SSB period, one or more additional SSB communications together with a regenerated version of the one or more SSB communications from the forwarding node.

14. A control node according to claim 13, wherein, The one or more SSB communications are transmitted in resources that are not located in a synchronization raster.

15. A control node according to claim 13, wherein, The one or more processors are further configured to: transmit, to a mobile terminal of the forwarding node, a primary synchronization signal or a secondary synchronization signal to enable the forwarding node to regenerate the primary synchronization signal or the secondary synchronization signal for the one or more SSB communications.

16. A control node according to claim 13, wherein, To transmit the one or more SSB communications, the one or more processors are configured to: transmit a primary synchronization signal or a secondary synchronization signal for an SSB to be transmitted by the forwarding node in the SSB period.

17. A control node according to claim 13, wherein, To transmit the one or more SSB communications, the one or more processors are configured to: transmit a primary synchronization signal or a secondary synchronization signal for an SSB to be transmitted by the forwarding node in the SSB period and one or more additional SSB periods.

18. A control node according to claim 13, wherein, To transmit the one or more SSB communications, the one or more processors are configured to: transmit the primary synchronization signal or the secondary synchronization signal for the one or more SSB communications in a downlink signal that is remapped at least in part based on a primary synchronization signal or a secondary synchronization signal.

19. A control node according to claim 13, wherein, To transmit the one or more SSB communications, the one or more processors are configured to: transmit, in a time interval preceding the SSB period, a physical broadcast channel or a demodulation reference signal for the one or more SSB communications to be transmitted by the forwarding node in the SSB period.

20. A control node according to claim 13, wherein, To transmit the one or more SSB communications, the one or more processors are configured to: transmit a physical broadcast channel or a demodulation reference signal for the one or more SSB communications in resources located in a synchronization raster.

21. A control node according to claim 13, wherein, To transmit the one or more SSB communications, the one or more processors are configured to: transmit a plurality of physical broadcast channels or demodulation reference signals for the one or more SSB communications and one or more additional SSB communications that are multiplexed in a downlink signal.

22. A control node according to claim 13, wherein, The one or more processors are further configured to: transmit an indication of a transmission time for a master information block to be transmitted by the forwarding node, wherein the master information block is decoded from a physical broadcast channel of the one or more SSB communications transmitted to the forwarding node.

23. A method of wireless communication performed by a forwarding node, comprising: receiving one or more synchronization signal block (SSB) communications to be transmitted in an SSB period; extracting information from the one or more SSB communications; storing the extracted information of the one or more SSB communications; and transmitting a regenerated version of the one or more SSB communications in the SSB period, wherein the regenerated version of the one or more SSB communications is based at least in part on the extracted information. The one or more SSB communications are received in resources that are not located in a synchronization raster.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein, Transmitting the regenerated version of the one or more SSB communications comprises:

25. The method of claim 23, wherein, transmitting the regenerated version of the one or more SSB communications in the SSB period together with one or more additional SSB communications transmitted by a base station.

26. A method of wireless communication performed by a controlling node, comprising: transmitting, to a forwarding node, one or more synchronization signal block (SSB) communications to be transmitted by the forwarding node in an SSB period; and transmitting one or more additional SSB communications in the SSB period together with a regenerated version of the one or more SSB communications from the forwarding node. The one or more SSB communications are transmitted in resources that are not located in a synchronization raster.

28. The method of claim 26, further comprising:

27. The method of claim 26, wherein, transmitting an indication of a transmission time for the forwarding node to transmit a master information block, wherein the master information block is decoded from a physical broadcast channel of the one or more SSB communications transmitted to the forwarding node.

29. An apparatus for wireless communication performed at a forwarding node, the apparatus comprising means for performing the method of any of claims 23-25.

30. An apparatus for wireless communication performed at a controlling node, the apparatus comprising means for performing the method of any of claims 26-28.

31. A computer program product comprising computer readable instructions, which when executed by a processor of a forwarding node, cause the processor to perform the method of any of claims 23-25.

32. A computer program product comprising computer readable instructions, which when executed by a processor of a controlling node, cause the processor to perform the method of any of claims 26-28. ​ ​

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