Actuator and device for engaging a parking lock and motor vehicle

Abstract

The present invention relates to an actuator having a driver (2) for driving a drive shaft (1), a first operating element (3) operatively connected to the drive shaft (1) for operating a shifting device, a spring element (5), and an electromagnetic holding device (32) with an electromagnet. The spring element is supported on one side on a housing member (16) of the actuator and on the other side on a second operating element (17) configured to tension the spring element (5). The electromagnet magnetically interacts with a magnetic armature (52) having a ferromagnetic material composition to hold the tensioned spring element (5) in the presence of a return force. According to the invention, the magnetic armature (52) is tiltably and / or oscillatingly supported on an oscillating member (55) of the holding device (32).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an actuator. It also relates to a device for activating a parking lock mechanism of an automatic transmission in a motor vehicle, and a motor vehicle equipped with such a device. Background Technology

[0002] The use of automatic shifting or shift-by-wire systems in motor vehicles offers several advantages over mechanically coupled shifting. For example, the transmission shift levels can be flexibly selected via software based on vehicle conditions. Here, activation of the parking brake by engaging P is no longer manually performed by the driver, but is automatically ensured by the control software, for example, when parking or leaving the vehicle. Because engaging P before leaving the vehicle to activate the parking brake is mandatory for safety reasons, such systems and actuators have emergency mechanisms that ensure P engagement even in the event of actuator failure or power interruption. Typically, these emergency mechanisms work in conjunction with energy storage elements, such as mechanical spring elements, which independently ensure, for example, engagement of a mechanical emergency position, independent of the actuator.

[0003] An actuator is known from DE 10 2011 014 815 A1. It describes a motor vehicle parking lock actuator having at least one main shaft, in which longitudinal movement for automatically shifting transmission gears is achieved by the rotational motion of a motor. Here, the emergency function for engaging the parking lock is implemented by a spring element, which is preloaded by actuating the actuator to a non-parking position and mechanically held by a locking device. The shifting function for triggering the emergency mechanism to engage P gear should be performed via a voltage source independent of the actuator. However, a disadvantage of this actuator is that a separate voltage source is required to trigger the emergency mechanism. Therefore, if no independent voltage source is available (especially when the vehicle's battery is discharging and no other voltage source, such as a normally functioning generator, is available), P gear cannot be engaged.

[0004] Furthermore, in the actuator of DE 10 2011 014 815 A1, in order to preload the spring element, it is necessary to disengage from the P gear, thereby creating undesirable and unreliable vehicle conditions, because the transmission has been disengaged from the P gear even though no emergency mechanism is available.

[0005] A parking locking device is known from DE 100 45 953 B4, particularly for motor vehicles equipped with an automatically controllable transmission. The parking locking device has an operating mechanism comprising an operating element for operating the parking lock, a spring accumulator for activating the parking lock, a controllable adjusting drive for deactivating the parking lock, and a locking device for locking the parking lock in the deactivated state. The adjusting drive is electromechanically constructed and connected to a main operating lever. The spring accumulator, adjusting drive, and locking device can be connected or operatively connected to the operating element via the main operating lever.

[0006] An actuator for a motorized parking lock for engaging an automatic transmission in a motor vehicle is known from WO 2017 / 182555 A1. This actuator has a spring element that engages the P (Park) gear of the automatic transmission in the event of an actuator malfunction or a voltage interruption. The spring element, tensioned by means of an electrically retaining magnetic device, is held in its position by means of a return force. A planar fit is required between the magnetic armature connected to the spring element and the actual magnet for good magnetic retaining force. Gaps or asymmetrical forces significantly reduce the magnetic retaining force. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Building upon the previously described drawbacks, the objective of this invention is to extend the aforementioned actuator to ensure reliable and efficient functioning of the emergency mechanism for engaging P gear in all situations. A further objective of this invention is to provide a device having such an actuator for engaging a parking lock mechanism of an automatic transmission in a motor vehicle, and an improved motor vehicle.

[0008] Regarding the actuator, this task is solved by an actuator according to the invention. Regarding the device for engaging a parking lock in an automatic transmission of a motor vehicle, this task is solved by a device according to the invention. Furthermore, this task is solved by a motor vehicle according to the invention. Advantageous configurations of the invention can be found in the specification.

[0009] Here, the actuator according to the invention has a driver that drives a drive shaft and a first operating element operatively connected to the drive shaft for operating a shifting device. A spring element is supported on one side of the actuator's housing member and on the other side of a second operating element configured to tension the spring element.

[0010] Here, the spring element has the following function: to engage the P gear when the actuator malfunctions or when the voltage is interrupted.

[0011] In addition, the actuator has an electromagnetic holding device with an electromagnet that magnetically interacts with a magnetic armature having a ferromagnetic material composition to hold a spring element tensioned under the condition of generating a return force.

[0012] The electromagnetic holding device is configured to keep the tensioned spring element in its position when a return force is generated. Therefore, tensioning of the spring element is not required when shifting from P to a different gear, as this is done in advance.

[0013] The present invention is characterized in that the armature is tiltably and / or oscillatingly supported on the oscillating element of the retaining device.

[0014] The spring element, or so-called fail-safe spring, is held in a preloaded state by an electromagnet. For good magnetic retention force, planar contact between the magnetic armature and the actual magnet is required. Gaps or asymmetrical forces significantly reduce the actual retention force provided in the system.

[0015] To achieve planar or magnetic contact between the magnetic armature and the electromagnet while taking tolerances into account, the magnetic armature can be tilted and / or pivotally supported on the pivoting element of the retaining device. This could, for example, involve a type of universal joint or "semi-universal joint" support structure. This significantly improves magnetic contact, i.e., the magnetic contact between the magnetic armature and the electromagnet is activated.

[0016] Because of the actuator's configuration according to the invention, the magnetic holding force required to retain the spring element in the preloaded state is not only based on improved magnetic contact but is also efficiently ensured in terms of installation space, copper quantity, and electrical power.

[0017] According to an advantageous first configuration of the invention, the oscillating member has a retaining frame to which a magnetic armature is mounted, wherein the retaining frame is oriented tilting and / or oscillating about a first tilting or oscillating axis X on the oscillating member. In this way, for example, the tilting and / or oscillating function about the first tilting or oscillating axis is ensured efficiently and cost-effectively in the plastic injection molding encapsulation of the retaining frame.

[0018] In an advantageous extension of the invention, the swingability or tiltability of the retaining frame is constructed by material forming, particularly by a narrowed wall thickness between the swinging member and the retaining frame. In this way, when the retaining frame swings and / or tilts, shear stress or torsional stress is generated to balance the torque from the outside, similar to that in a torsion bar or rod. The retaining frame is connected to the swinging member with an attachment geometry that has the required drag torque in the load direction, thus taking into account the system requirements in the automotive manufacturer's (OEM) design specifications. Here, the rotational drag torque can be minimized, thereby enabling the retaining frame torsion within the attachment geometry with minimal force.

[0019] In another advantageous configuration of the invention, the retaining frame has receiving pouch portions arranged radially opposite each other, and a magnetic armature can be mounted into the receiving pouch portions by means of radially opposite raised portions, wherein the raised portions can be tilted or oscillated about a second tilting or oscillating axis Y on a protrusion of the retaining frame that protrudes relative to the surface of the retaining frame.

[0020] These protrusions in the retaining frame can be configured at least partially in a ball-bearing or spherical shape, so that the protrusions of the magnetic armature can be tilted and / or oscillated about the second tilting or oscillating axis Y. The second tilting or oscillating axis of the magnetic armature, perpendicular to the attachment point, is realized on a substantially spherical or ball-bearing contact surface inside the retaining frame.

[0021] The magnetic armature can be inserted into the frame and secured in a set position by rotating along the contour of the clip. After assembly, the magnetic armature is placed on a ball- or spherical contact surface along the magnetic direction. The magnetic armature can be twisted by a defined amount on the spherical contact surface, thereby ensuring planar contact with the magnet and maximum magnetic attraction despite tolerances.

[0022] The magnetic armature can be clamped in its final position and still arranged movably. Furthermore, the magnetic armature is secured in the receiving pouch to prevent it from dislodging. According to this embodiment, the magnetic armature is thus supported tilting or swinging about two inclined or oscillating axes. Specifically, this relates to a type of semi-universal joint support structure.

[0023] In an advantageous variation, the magnetic armature can be secured in the retaining frame by means of a raised portion in a bayonet-type locking connection via rotational movement relative to the receiving bag portion, thereby reliably retaining the magnetic armature in a simple manner.

[0024] According to another configuration of the invention, the magnetic armature is tiltable or oscillating about two, preferably in a plane and perpendicular to each other, tilting or oscillating axes X and Y, so that the magnetic armature, when magnetically abutting, rests substantially planar on the stop surface of the holding magnet. In the aforementioned "semi-universal joint" support structure, the magnetic armature is supported parallel to the magnetic abutment about two preferably substantially perpendicular axes, or has at least one targeted flexibility about one axis, thereby ensuring planar abutment of the magnetic armature on the electromagnet.

[0025] Similarly, it is conceivable that the oscillating member with a magnetic armature can move back and forth between a first position and a second position, formed by the magnetic contact of the electromagnet and the magnetic armature, in which the spring element is held relaxed. In this way, by using the actuator according to the invention, it is ensured that the spring element is always preloaded before disengaging from the P gear of the automatic transmission of the motor vehicle.

[0026] According to another advantageous variation of the invention, when magnetically abutting, the planar surface of the magnetic armature is oriented substantially parallel to or planarly abutting the stop surface of the retaining magnet, thereby ensuring maximum magnetic attraction despite tolerances.

[0027] In an extended embodiment of the invention, the oscillating member is mechanically connected to the spring element via a second actuating element, thereby keeping the oscillating member taut with the spring element while magnetically abutting against the holding magnet and generating a return force.

[0028] For a particularly planar magnetic attachment, the magnetic armature can be constructed in a basically disk-like shape.

[0029] The retaining frame and / or swing element can be constructed from plastic.

[0030] According to another advantageous configuration of the invention, a rotating element that can be driven by a drive shaft and is rotatably supported is provided, the rotating element being configured on one hand with a first control cam (which is operatively connected to a first actuating element to operate the shifting device) and on the other hand with a second control cam for tensioning the spring element.

[0031] Therefore, the spring element can also be operatively connected to the first operating element via a second operating element, thereby allowing the first operating element to be brought back to the P position along the first control cam based on the return force applied by the preload of the spring element. In particular, the second operating element can be configured as a drive element for the first operating element.

[0032] To disengage from Park (P) and engage different shift levels, such as R, N, and D, a rotating element can be twisted by means of a driver and a drive shaft, causing a first control cam to move a first actuating element due to contact with the first control cam. The shifting mechanism (e.g., with a shift cable traction element) connecting the actuator and the automatic transmission is configured to transfer the motion generated on the actuator to the automatic transmission, thereby enabling disengagement from Park and adjustment of different shift levels, such as R, N, and D.

[0033] Therefore, the first control cam can have different angles for shifting motion or for engaging a shift level. Here, the adjusting force essentially consists of the minimum adjusting force required in the transmission for engaging different shift levels and, if necessary, the return force of the spring element, which the actuator has already worked against when disengaging from P gear. For example, such an adjusting force can be approximately 500 N. In emergency operation, conversely, the rotating element and motor, due to the angle of the first control cam, rotate back in conjunction with the first and second operating elements of the actuator under the influence of the spring force exerted by the spring element.

[0034] Here, in order to act on or cooperate with the first control cam, a first cooperating element for operating the shifting device is provided, and a second cooperating element for operating the second operating element is provided for acting on or cooperating with the second control cam.

[0035] To provide a particularly simple structural configuration for the rotating element, it has been shown that the rotating element is constructed as a disk on which two control cams are respectively arranged on one of the opposing faces of the disk. In this respect, the control cams can be arranged without difficulty by means of corresponding mating elements, without having to consider the interference of other control cams or their corresponding mating elements.

[0036] If the spring element should not be preloaded when disengaging from P, the first control cam is configured such that, as the rotating element twists from its 0° angular position to its maximum positive angular position up to +180°, a return force is generated. Here, the preload of the spring element occurs directly after disengaging from P, so that the immediate return force provided to the spring element is sufficient to bring the first operating element back into P.

[0037] In this operating configuration, the first actuating element can be configured to act as a drive for the second actuating element, thereby guiding the spring element to its tensioned position by the second actuating element driven by the first actuating element in the presence of a return force.

[0038] It has also proven advantageous to have a worm gear arranged on the drive shaft, through which a gear assembly drives a rotating element. Here, the rotating element itself can be part of the gear assembly, and it is also possible for the gear assembly to consist of only a single gear.

[0039] Alternatively, it is conceivable that the gear assembly consists of multiple gears that are operatively connected to each other, wherein one of the gears is constructed as a disk with a corresponding control cam on its opposite surface.

[0040] A device for a parking lock that engages an automatic transmission in a motor vehicle, having the actuator described above, should also be protected independently.

[0041] Here, the device according to the invention for engaging a parking lock in an automatic transmission of a motor vehicle has such an actuator according to the invention.

[0042] Now, by using the actuator according to the invention in a device for engaging a parking lock in an automatic transmission of a motor vehicle, it is ensured that the spring element can always be preloaded before disengaging the automatic transmission from the P gear. That is, this is now achieved by means of a second control cam and a second cooperating element of the second operating element, preloading the spring element without changing the position of the first operating element. This ensures that the spring element is preloaded while, during the installation of such an actuator in a motor vehicle with an automatic transmission, the first operating element is in a position such that the automatic transmission of the motor vehicle is engaged in the P gear.

[0043] To ensure that this preload remains constant as the rotating element rotates back from its maximum angular position (e.g., -180°) to 0°, an electromagnetic retaining device is advantageously provided, which holds the tensioned spring element in its position as a return force is generated. Therefore, tensioning of the spring element is not required during shifting from P to a different gear, as this is done in advance.

[0044] In addition, naturally, motor vehicles should also be protected by means of a device that includes an automatic transmission and the parking lock device described above for engaging the automatic transmission. Attached Figure Description

[0045] Further objects, advantages, features, and applications of the invention will become apparent from the subsequent description of embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. Here, all features illustrated and / or depicted in writing, in themselves or in any meaningful combination, constitute the subject matter of the invention.

[0046] Here, it is shown, in part, schematically:

[0047] Figure 1 : An embodiment of the actuator according to the invention, arranged in the housing, in the first position.

[0048] Figure 2 : in the second position, according to Figure 1 The actuator,

[0049] Figure 3 In the third position, according to Figure 1 The actuator,

[0050] Figure 4a , 4b :according to Figure 1 A detailed view of the actuator, which has a oscillating element with a retaining frame for the magnetic armature in two positions.

[0051] Figure 5a , 5b : Detailed views in two locations, according to Figure 4

[0052] Figure 6 According to the top-down three-dimensional view from above Figures 1 to 3 The actuator,

[0053] Figure 7 According to the top view of the three-dimensional structure below Figure 6 The actuator,

[0054] Figure 8 According to another three-dimensional top view from below: Figure 7 The actuator,

[0055] Figure 9 According to the view below Figure 8 The actuator, and

[0056] Figure 10 : Actuator as shown in the previous figure in the view from above.

[0057] In the accompanying drawings and illustrations shown below according to one embodiment, the same or identical components are provided with reference numerals to improve readability. Detailed Implementation

[0058] Figures 1 to 3 An embodiment of an actuator according to the invention is shown, arranged in a housing having a housing cover and a housing plate 25. Here, the actuator is arranged on the housing plate 25 and covered by the housing cover. Figures 6 to 10Also visible is a cable traction member 14, by means of which different shift levels of the automatic transmission of the motor vehicle can be set. Here, the cable traction member 14 is operatively connected to the first operating element 3 to operate the shifting device of the automatic transmission of the motor vehicle.

[0059] Now, in Figures 1 to 3 An embodiment of the actuator according to the invention is shown. A rotating element 4, configured as a gear 13, is clearly visible here; the rotating element is also currently configured as a disk 6. Here, the rotating element 4 is rotatably supported at its center and has two different control cams 7 and 8 on its opposing faces 18 and 19. The gear 13 can also be part of a gear assembly 12, which in the present case is coupled to the drive shaft 1 of the driver 2. Figure 2 The worm gear 11, which is covered in the middle, is engaged.

[0060] In addition, Figure 9 The first operating element 3 is visible in the image. On one hand, the first operating element is provided with a first cooperating element 20, which is cooperating with the first control cam 7. On the other hand, it is connected to the cable traction member 14 of the automatic transmission shifting device of the motor vehicle.

[0061] In addition, Figure 8 and 9 As shown, the first actuating element 3 is movably supported in the second actuating element 17, which is provided with a second engaging element 21 for engaging with the second control cam 8 and supported on the spring element 5. Furthermore, a drilled hole is arranged inside the second actuating element 17 for tensioning the spring element 5, and the pin of the first actuating element 3 is movably supported in this drilled hole. Here, the pin is inserted into the drilled hole on the side of the second actuating element 17 facing the rotating element 4 and can move therein. Simultaneously, the actuating element slides in the drilled hole arranged parallel to the second actuating element 17, and the first actuating element 3 is connected to the cable traction member 14 via the second actuating element. The pin and the drilled hole work together in such a way that the pin can rest on the bottom of the drilled hole with its end facing away from the rotating element 4. In this case, force can be transmitted from the first actuating element 3 to the second actuating element 17 or from the second actuating element 17 to the first actuating element 3.

[0062] As long as the spring element 5 remains in place by means of the second actuating element 17 Figure 2In the tensioned position shown, the first operating element 3 can be adjusted relative to the second operating element 17 in the direction of the borehole, or in the direction of the borehole arranged parallel to it, and in the direction of the cable traction member 14, to engage different shift gears of the automatic transmission. Once the pin rests on the bottom of the borehole with its end facing away from the rotating element 4, the first operating element 3 and the second operating element 17 act as actuators to each other, depending on the direction in which the force transmitted through the bottom of the borehole and resting on the pin acts.

[0063] In addition, according to Figures 1 to 3 Also shown is housing plate 25, on which the actuator is arranged. Furthermore, in Figure 2 and 6 As can be seen in the diagram up to 10, the spring element 5 is supported on the housing member 16 of the actuator on one side and on the operating element 17 on the other side.

[0064] exist Figure 6 and Figures 1 to 3 Now, the actuator is shown in a perspective view from above. Here, the rotating element 4, constructed as a disk 6 and a gear 13, can be seen particularly well. Also visible in this view is the actuator 2 along with its drive shaft 1, on which a worm gear 11 is arranged, meshing with the gear 13. Furthermore, another housing member 28 is visible here, arranged on a housing plate 25 and having a free end 29 in which the drive shaft 1 of the actuator 2 is rotatably supported or held.

[0065] Here, on one hand, a second control cam 8 is arranged on the surface 19 of the rotating element 4. When the rotating element 4 is twisted toward its maximum negative rotation position (i.e., against the clockwise direction applicable in this diagram), the second control cam can engage with the second mating element 21 of the second operating element 17 to tension the spring element 5. The convex section of the control cam abuts against the mating element 21. When the spring element 5 is relaxed, relative to the position where the spring element 5 is in motion, the control cam engages with the second mating element 21. Figure 3 As shown in the diagram, the mating element moves toward the hub of the rotating element 4.

[0066] In addition, according to Figure 6 and 10 A protrusion 22 is arranged on surface 19, and when the spring element is tensioned, the second mating element 21 abuts against the protrusion. During vehicle operation, the spring element 5, after being pre-tensioned, is held in the pre-tensioned position by means of the electromagnetic holding device 32 according to the invention. Here, in Figures 1 to 3In the diagram, the control element 3 (which is covered here) is held in the P gear of the automatic transmission, which corresponds to the neutral angle position of the rotating element at 0°. If the actuator is now de-energized, although the electromagnetic holding device 32 no longer applies any holding force, the preload of the spring element 5 is still maintained due to the contact of the mating element 21 on the protrusion 22.

[0067] like Figures 1 to 3 As further shown in 6 to 10, the electromagnetic holding device 32 has an electromagnet 50 that magnetically interacts with a magnetic armature 52 having a ferromagnetic material composition to hold the spring element 5 under the condition of a built-up return force.

[0068] According to the invention, the magnetic armature 52 is tiltably and / or oscillatingly supported on the oscillating member 55 of the retaining device 32, the oscillating member being part of the housing member 31. For this purpose, the oscillating member 55 has a retaining frame 54 to which the magnetic armature 52 is mounted. The retaining frame 54 may be tilted and / or oscillatingly arranged on the oscillating member 55 about a first tilting or oscillating axis X, such as in particular... Figures 1 to 3 Figures 4a, b and 5a, b show the ground. The oscillating element 55 is mechanically connected to the spring element 5 via the second actuating element 17, thereby holding the spring element 5, which is tensioned under the condition of generating a return force, in place when the oscillating element 55 magnetically abuts 53 against the electromagnet 50. Magnetic abutment 53 can be understood as the magnetic armature 52 abutting against the electromagnet 50 due to the holding force of the magnet.

[0069] In the current embodiment, the swingability or tiltability of the retaining frame 54 is achieved through material forming, particularly through a narrowed wall thickness between the swing member 55 and the retaining frame 54. In this way, when the retaining frame swings and / or tilts, shear or torsional stresses are generated that balance the torque from the outside, similar to that in a torsion bar or torsion beam. Here, the resistance torque of rotation is minimized, thereby achieving torsion of the retaining frame 54 in the attachment geometry with minimal force.

[0070] As further shown in Figures 4 and 5, the armature 52 is mounted to the receiving pouch portions 57 of the retaining frame 54, which are arranged radially opposite to each other, by means of radially opposing raised portions or protrusions 56. The raised portions 56 can be tilted or oscillating about the second tilting or swinging axis Y on the protrusions 59 of the retaining frame 54 that protrude relative to the surface of the retaining frame 54.

[0071] According to Figure 4a and 4bIn the current embodiment, the protrusion 59 of the retaining frame 54 is at least partially ball-shaped or spherical, so that the bulge 56 of the magnetic armature 52 can be tilted or oscillated about the second tilt or oscillation axis Y.

[0072] In other words, the second tilting or swing axis of the magnetic armature 52, perpendicular to the attachment point, is realized on the substantially spherical or ball-shaped contact surface 59 inside the retaining frame 54.

[0073] according to Figure 4a The magnetic armature 52 can be inserted into the retaining frame and fixed in a set position by rotating along the contour of the clamp. According to Figure 4b After assembly, the magnetic armature is placed on the ball-shaped or spherical support surface 59 in the magnetic direction. The magnetic armature 52 can be twisted by a defined amount on the spherical support surface 59, thereby ensuring planar contact with the electromagnet 50 and thus ensuring maximum magnetic attraction despite tolerances.

[0074] Now, in order to reliably hold the magnetic armature 52 on the retaining frame 54, the magnetic armature 52 can be fixed in the retaining frame 54 by means of the raised portion 56 according to the bayonet-type locking connection through rotational movement relative to the receiving bag portion 57, such as Figure 4a and 4b Further details are provided.

[0075] The tiltability or oscillation of the armature 52 helps to ensure the largest possible magnetic contact 53 between the armature 52 and the electromagnet, thereby achieving the maximum magnetic holding force. For this reason, the magnetic armature 52 is tiltable or oscillating about two tilting or oscillating axes X and Y, which are currently, for example, perpendicular to each other in a plane, so that when in magnetic contact 53, the magnetic armature 52 rests substantially planar on the stop surface 51 of the holding magnet 50 with its surface 58. In other words, when in magnetic contact 53, the planar surface 58 of the magnetic armature 52 rests substantially planar on the stop surface 51 of the electromagnet 50.

[0076] As from Figure 5a It is further understood that the oscillating member 55 with the magnetic armature 52 can be in a first position 60 formed by the magnetic contact 53 between the electromagnet 50 and the magnetic armature 52, for holding the spring element 5, and according to... Figure 5b It moves back and forth between the second position 61, in which the spring element 5 is relaxed.

[0077] Currently, the magnetic armature 52 can be constructed in a substantially disc-like shape and the retaining frame 54 and / or the swing member 55 can be constructed of plastic.

[0078] Now, Figure 7 The actuator is shown in a perspective view from below. The first control cam 7, which is arranged on the surface 18 of the rotating element 4 opposite surface 19, is particularly clearly visible here. Furthermore, the worm gear 11 of the drive shaft 1, which meshes with the gear 13, is also visible here. The drive shaft 1 is rotatably held in the end 29 of the housing member 28, which is arranged on the housing plate 25.

[0079] Figure 8 Showing without housing plate 25, Figure 7 The illustration.

[0080] Now, in Figure 8 The first operating element 3 is also visible in the diagram. This first operating element is connected on one hand to the cable traction member 14 to operate the shifting device of the automatic transmission, and on the other hand, it is provided with a mating element 20 to operatively engage with the control cam 7. It is also clearly visible in the diagram that the first operating element 3 is movably supported in the second operating element 17, which tensions the spring element 5. According to… Figure 9 In the illustration, this arrangement becomes even clearer, in which the additional housing component 31 is omitted, and the electromagnetic holding device 32 is held in the additional housing component.

[0081] Figure 9 and 10 This is particularly helpful in explaining the operating principle of the actuator according to the invention. Here, in this diagram, the actuator is positioned in a position corresponding to the P gear position of an automatic transmission in a motor vehicle and the 0° neutral angle position of the rotating element 4. The mating element 20 of the first operating element 3 is engaged with the first control cam 7, which is arranged on the surface 18 of the rotating element 4. Now, if the rotating element 4 (in this diagram), configured as a gear 13, is rotated counterclockwise, i.e., toward the maximum positive rotation position, by means of the driver 2, drive shaft 1, and worm gear 11, the operating element 3 moves toward the housing member 16 due to the mating element 20 engaging with the control cam 7. This causes the automatic transmission's shifting mechanism, operated by the cable traction member 14 and not shown in more detail here, to move out of its P gear, and different gears, such as R, N, and D, can be set.

[0082] Here, the rotational movement of the rotating element 4 is limited by the control cam 7, thus a rotation of approximately +180° or other values ​​is possible. During the rotation of the rotating element 4, the spring element 5 is preloaded in its tensioned position by means of the electromagnetic holding device 32. During the movement of the first actuating element 3 toward the housing member 16, its pin slides inside the borehole toward the bottom of the borehole.

[0083] Now, if damage occurs during vehicle operation, resulting in a lack of voltage to the actuator, the electromagnetic holding device 32 will also be unable to maintain the spring preload of the spring element 5 due to the missing voltage. Here, under the influence of the return force of the spring element 5, the second operating element 17 moves towards the rotating element 4, thereby transmitting the return force of the spring element 5 to the first operating element 3, which is then driven by the pin that abuts against the bottom of the bore. Therefore, due to the return force of the spring element 5, the mating element 20 of the first operating element 3 is pulled back along the control cam 7, and the rotating element here (clockwise in this diagram) moves from the maximum +180° angular position of the rotating element 4 to the initial 0° neutral angular position, until the automatic transmission again occupies the P gear corresponding to the angular position of the rotating element 4. Thus, it is ensured that the automatic transmission always automatically shifts to P gear by reducing the return force of the spring element 4, even in the event of damage, especially when the vehicle or actuator has no voltage.

[0084] In the currently described embodiment, the driver 2 can be driven in the opposite direction to the return motion, thereby rotating the element 4. Figure 9 The first actuating element 3 rotates counterclockwise toward the maximum positive rotation position. In this way, the control cam 7 can be pushed back toward the tensioned position of the spring element 5 (i.e., toward the housing member 16) by means of the mating element 20. Here, the return movement of the first actuating element 3 is transmitted to the second actuating element 17 by the engagement of the pin at the bottom of the drilled hole inside the second actuating element 17, so that the second actuating element 17 (with the spring element 5 engaged with the second actuating element) returns the spring element 5 to the tensioned position by generating a return force.

[0085] from Figure 9 The diagram also suggests that the rotating element 4 could be rotated clockwise from its neutral 0° position to its maximum negative 180° position. Here, however, no manipulation of the first actuating element 3 occurs because the control cam 7 is configured so that the mating element 20 of the first actuating element 3 does not change its position. However, in this type of rotation, according to... Figure 10 The diagram shows that the control cam 8, which is arranged on the other side 19 of the rotating element 4, which is constructed as a disk 6, engages with the second mating element 21 of the second operating element 17 to tension the spring element 5.

[0086] After the spring element 5 is tensioned accordingly, the rotating element 4 now rotates in another direction to a neutral rotation position until the mating element 21 of the operating element 17 is located on the protrusion 22, where the rotating element 4 again occupies its 0° angular position. During this torsion, the preload of the spring element 5 is maintained by the magnetic holding device 32. In this state, the vehicle can now be parked as prescribed, wherein the actuator is naturally also de-energized. However, due to the protrusion 22, the preload of the spring element 5 is maintained even without voltage.

[0087] List of reference numerals

[0088] 1. Drive shaft

[0089] 2 drives

[0090] 3. Control elements

[0091] 4 Rotating elements

[0092] 5. Spring elements

[0093] 6 disks

[0094] 7 First control cam

[0095] 8 Second control cam

[0096] 11. Worm Gear

[0097] 12 Gear Assembly

[0098] 13 Gears

[0099] 14 Cable traction components

[0100] 16 Shell Components

[0101] 17 Second control element

[0102] 18 sides

[0103] 19 sides

[0104] 20 First mating element

[0105] 21 Second mating element

[0106] 22. Protrusion

[0107] 25 Shell Plate

[0108] 28 Shell components

[0109] 29 Free end

[0110] 31 Shell Components

[0111] 32 Electromagnetic holding device

[0112] 50 Electromagnets

[0113] 51 Stop surface

[0114] 52 Magnetic armature

[0115] 53 Magnetic Adhesion

[0116] 54. Keep the frame

[0117] 55 Oscillating component

[0118] 56. Raised or protruding part

[0119] 57 Receiving Bag Section

[0120] 58. Planar surface of magnetic armature

[0121] 59. Ball-shaped or spherical support surfaces and protrusions

[0122] 60 First position

[0123] 61 Second position

[0124] X First tilt or swing axis

[0125] Y second tilt or swing axis

Claims

1. An actuator having: A driver (2) that drives a drive shaft (1). A first operating element (3) that is operatively connected to the drive shaft (1) and used to operate the shifting device. A spring element (5), which is supported on one side on the housing member (16) of the actuator and on the other side on a second actuating element (17) configured to tension the spring element (5), and An electromagnetic holding device (32) with an electromagnet (50) magnetically interacting with a magnetic armature (52) having a ferromagnetic material composition to hold a spring element (5) taut under a building return force, characterized in that... The magnetic armature (52) is tiltably and / or oscillatingly supported on the oscillating member (55) of the retaining device (32), the oscillating member (55) having a retaining frame (54) on which the magnetic armature (52) is mounted, wherein the retaining frame (54) is tiltably and / or oscillatingly arranged on the oscillating member (55) about a first axis (X), wherein the oscillating or tilting nature of the retaining frame (54) is formed by a narrowed wall thickness between the oscillating member (55) and the retaining frame (54).

2. The actuator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The retaining frame (54) has receiving pouch portions (57) arranged radially opposite each other, and the magnetic armature (52) can be mounted into the receiving pouch portions by means of radially opposite raised portions (56), wherein the raised portions (56) can be tilted or oscillated about a second axis (Y) on a protrusion (59) of the retaining frame (54) protruding relative to the surface of the retaining frame (54).

3. The actuator according to claim 2, characterized in that, The protrusion (59) of the retaining frame (54) is at least partially earth-shaped, so that the bulge (56) of the magnetic armature (52) can be tilted or oscillated about the second axis (Y).

4. The actuator according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The magnetic armature (52) can be fixed in the retaining frame (54) by means of the raised portion (56) in a bayonet-type locking connection by rotational movement relative to the receiving bag portion (57).

5. The actuator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The magnetic armature (52) is tiltable or oscillating around the first axis (X) and the second axis (Y), so that the magnetic armature (52) is located on the stop surface (51) of the electromagnet (50) in a planar manner with the surface (58) of the magnetic armature when magnetically abutting (53).

6. The actuator according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first axis (X) and the second axis (Y) are perpendicular to each other in a plane.

7. The actuator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The oscillating member (55) having a magnetic armature (52) can move back and forth between a first position (60) and a second position (61) formed by the magnetic contact (53) of the electromagnet (50) and the magnetic armature (52) for holding the spring element (5), in which the spring element (5) is relaxed.

8. The actuator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, In the case of magnetic contact (53), the planar surface (58) of the magnetic armature (52) is oriented parallel to the plane of the stop surface (51) of the electromagnet (50) or is planarly attached to the stop surface (51).

9. The actuator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The swing element (55) is mechanically connected to the spring element (5) via the second actuating element (17), so that the swing element (55) holds the spring element (5) in magnetic abutment (53) against the electromagnet (50), and the spring element is tensioned in the event of a return force.

10. The actuator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The magnetic armature (52) has a disc-shaped structure.

11. The actuator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The retaining frame (54) and / or the swing member (55) are made of plastic.

12. The actuator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, A rotating element (4) is provided that can be driven by the drive shaft (1) and is rotatably supported. The rotating element is configured with a first control cam (7) on one side and a second control cam (8) for tensioning the spring element (5) on the other side. The first control cam is operatively connected to the first operating element (3) to operate the shifting device.

13. The actuator according to claim 12, characterized in that, The first mating element (20) of the first operating element (3) is configured to act on the first control cam (7), wherein the second mating element (21) of the second operating element (17) is configured to act on the second control cam (8).

14. The actuator according to claim 12, characterized in that, The rotating element (4) is constructed as a disk (6), on which two control cams (7, 8) are respectively arranged on one of the opposite faces (18, 19) of the disk.

15. The actuator according to claim 12, characterized in that, The first control cam (7) is configured such that when the rotating element (4) is twisted between its neutral angular position at 0° and its maximum positive angular position up to +180°, the spring element (5) is tensioned in the presence of a return force.

16. The actuator according to claim 12, characterized in that, A worm gear (11) is arranged on the drive shaft (1), and the rotating element (4) is driven by the worm gear through the gear assembly (12).

17. A device for engaging a parking lock in an automatic transmission of a motor vehicle, comprising an actuator according to any one of claims 1 to 16.

18. A motor vehicle having an automatic transmission and an apparatus according to claim 17 that works in conjunction with the automatic transmission.

Images