Frequency component constraints for carrier aggregation and frequency hopping

Abstract

Various aspects of the disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) can receive an indication of a constraint on combinations of frequency components that are permitted to be used by the UE for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping, where the constraint indicates at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping. The UE can communicate based at least in part on the constraint. Numerous other aspects are provided.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This Patent Application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 057,593, filed July 28, 2020, entitled “FREQUENCY COMPONENT RESTRICTIONS FOR CARRIER AGGREGATION AND FREQUENCY HOPPING,” and U.S. Nonprovisional Patent Application No. 17 / 305,788, filed July 14, 2021, entitled “FREQUENCY COMPONENT RESTRICTIONS FOR CARRIER AGGREGATION AND FREQUENCY HOPPING,” which are hereby expressly incorporated by reference herein.

[0003] DISCLOSURE

[0004] Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication, and more particularly to techniques and apparatuses for frequency component restrictions for carrier aggregation and frequency hopping.

[0005] BACKGROUND

[0006] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcasts. Typical wireless communication systems can employ multiple-access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmit power, etc.). Examples of such multiple-access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems, and Long Term Evolution (LTE). LTE / LTE-Advanced is a set of enhancements to the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) mobile standard promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3 GPP).

[0007] A wireless network can include a number of base stations (BSs) that can support communication for a number of user equipment (UEs). A UE can communicate with a BS via the downlink and uplink. “Downlink” (or “forward link”) refers to communication from the BS to the UE, and “uplink” (or “reverse link”) refers to communication from the UE to the BS. As will be described in more detail herein, a BS can be referred to as a Node B, a gNB, an access point (AP), a radio head, a transmit receive point (TRP), a new radio (NR) BS, a 5G Node B, and / or the like.

[0008] The above multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide common protocols facilitating communication between wireless devices from different technologies. NR, which can also be referred to as 5G, is a set of enhancements to the LTE mobile standard promulgated by 3GPP. NR is designed to better support mobile broadband Internet access by improving spectral efficiency, lowering costs, improving services, making use of new spectrum, and better integrating with other open standards using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with a cyclic prefix (CP) (CP-OFDM) on the downlink (DL), using CP- OFDM and / or SC-FDM (e.g., also known as discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-s-OFDM)) on the uplink (UL), as well as supporting beamforming, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, and carrier aggregation. NR can support various multiple access technologies including LTE, GSM, CDMA, and others.

[0009] SUMMARY

[0010] In some aspects, a method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) includes receiving an indication of a constraint on combinations of frequency components that are permitted to be used by the UE for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping, wherein the constraint indicates at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping; and communicating based at least in part on the constraint.

[0011] In some aspects, a method of wireless communication performed by a scheduling entity includes transmitting an indication of a constraint on combinations of frequency components that are permitted to be used by the UE for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping, wherein the constraint indicates at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping; and communicating with the UE based at least in part on the constraint.

[0012] In some aspects, a UE for wireless communication includes a memory and one or more processors operatively coupled to the memory, the memory and the one or more processors configured to: receive an indication of a constraint on combinations of frequency components that are permitted to be used by the UE for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping, wherein the constraint indicates at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping; and communicate based at least in part on the constraint.

[0013] In some aspects, a scheduling entity for wireless communication includes a memory; and one or more processors operatively coupled to the memory, the memory and the one or more processors configured to transmit an indication of a constraint on combinations of frequency components that are permitted to be used by a UE for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping, wherein the constraint indicates at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping; and communicate with the UE based at least in part on the constraint.

[0014] In some aspects, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication includes one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a UE, cause the UE to receive an indication of a constraint on combinations of frequency components that are permitted to be used by the UE for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping, wherein the constraint indicates at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping; and communicate based at least in part on the constraint.

[0015] In some aspects, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication includes one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a scheduling entity, cause the scheduling entity to transmit an indication of a constraint on combinations of frequency components that are permitted to be used by a UE for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping, wherein the constraint indicates at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping; and communicate with the UE based at least in part on the constraint.

[0016] In some aspects, an apparatus for wireless communication includes means for receiving an indication of a constraint on combinations of frequency components that are permitted to be used by the apparatus for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping, wherein the constraint indicates at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping; and means for communicating based at least in part on the constraint.

[0017] In some aspects, an apparatus for wireless communication includes means for transmitting an indication of a constraint on combinations of frequency components that are permitted to be used by a UE for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping, wherein the constraint indicates at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping; and means for communicating with the UE based at least in part on the constraint.

[0018] Aspects generally include a method, apparatus, system, computer program product, non-transitory computer-readable medium, user equipment, base station, wireless communication device, and / or processing system as substantially described herein with reference to and as illustrated by the drawings and specification.

[0019] The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technical advantages of examples according to the disclosure in order that the detailed description that follows can be better understood. Additional features and advantages will be described hereinafter. The disclosed concepts and specific examples can be readily utilized as bases for modifying or designing other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present disclosure. Such equivalent constructions are not to be regarded as a departure from the scope of the appended claims. The illustrative features and the operations described herein are combinable and can be performed in various orders unless otherwise indicated. The characteristics of the concepts disclosed herein are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the disclosure. The concepts and specific examples may

[0020] While aspects are described in the present disclosure by illustration to some examples, those skilled in the art will understand that such aspects can be implemented in many different arrangements and scenarios. Techniques described herein can be implemented using different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, and / or packaging arrangements. For example, some aspects can be implemented via integrated chip embodiments or other non-module-component based devices (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication devices, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail / purchasing devices, medical devices, or artificial intelligence-enabled devices). Aspects can be implemented in chip-level components, module-level components, non-module-component level components, non-chip-level components, device-level components, or system-level components. Devices incorporating described aspects and features can include additional components and features for implementation and practice of the claimed and described aspects. For example, transmission and reception of wireless signals can include a number of components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antennas, radio frequency chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders, or summers). Aspects described herein are intended to be broadly applicable to various sizes, shapes, and constitutions of devices, components, systems, distributed arrangements, or end-user devices. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0022] In order that the above-recited features of the present disclosure can be understood in detail, a more particular description will be rendered by reference to various aspects. Some of the aspects are set forth with reference to the drawings. It is to be understood that the drawings are only illustrative of certain aspects and do not, therefore, limit the scope of the disclosure. Like reference numerals are used throughout the drawings to denote like elements.

[0023] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station in communication with user equipment (UE) in a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0025] is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station in communication with user equipment (UE) in a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0025] is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station in communication with user equipment (UE) in a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0025] is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station in communication with user equipment (UE) in a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0025] is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station in communication with user equipment (UE) in a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0025] is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station in communication with user equipment (UE) in a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0025] is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station in communication with user equipment (UE) in a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0025] is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station in communication with user equipment (UE) in a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0025] is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station in communication with user equipment (UE) in a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0025] is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station in communication with user equipment (UE) in a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0025] is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station in communication with user equipment (UE) in a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0025] is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station in communication with user equipment (UE) in a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0025] is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station in communication with user equipment (UE) in a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0025] is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station in communication with user equipment (UE) in a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0025] is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station in communication with user equipment (UE) in a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0025] is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station in communication with user equipment (UE) in a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0025] is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station in communication with user equipment (UE) in a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0025] is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station in communication with user equipment (UE) in a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0025] is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station in communication with user equipment (UE) in a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0025] is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station in communication with user equipment (UE) in a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0025] is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station in communication with user equipment (UE) in a wireless network, in accordance withFigure 3 is a diagram illustrating an example beamforming architecture that supports beamforming for millimeter wave (mmW) communications in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0026] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of carrier aggregation in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0027] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of carrier aggregation of frequency components in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0028] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating an example associated with frequency component constraints for carrier aggregation and frequency hopping in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0029] Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating an example associated with frequency component constraints for carrier aggregation and frequency hopping in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0030] Figures 8-9 is a diagram illustrating an example process associated with frequency component constraints for carrier aggregation and frequency hopping in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0031] DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] Various aspects of the disclosure are described more fully below. However, the disclosure can be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to any specific structure or function presented throughout this disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided as illustrative examples so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. Based on the teachings herein one skilled in the art should appreciate that the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein, whether implemented independently of or combined with any other aspect of the disclosure. For example, an apparatus can be implemented or a method can be practiced using any number of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover such an apparatus or method which is practiced using, as alternative to, in combination with, or in addition to, any of the aspects of the disclosure described herein. It should be understood that any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein can be embodied by one or more elements of a claim.

[0033] Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented with reference to various apparatus and methods. These apparatus and methods will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as "elements"). These elements can be implemented using hardware, software, or combinations thereof. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0034] It should be noted that while aspects can be described herein using terminology commonly associated with a 5G or NR radio access technology (RAT), aspects of the present disclosure can be applied to other RATs, such as a 3G RAT, a 4G RAT, and / or a RAT subsequent to 5G (e.g., 6G).

[0035] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network 100 in accordance with the present disclosure. The wireless network 100 can be or can include elements of a 5G (NR) network and / or a LTE network, among other examples. The wireless network 100 can include a number of base stations 110 (shown as BS 110a, BS 110b, BS 110c, and BS 1 lOd) and other network entities. A base station (BS) is an entity that communicates with user equipment (UE) and can also be referred to as an NR BS, a Node B, a gNB, a 5G node B (NB), an access point, a transmit receive point (TRP), and / or the like. Each BS can provide communication coverage for a particular geographic area. In 3GPP, the term “cell” can refer to a coverage area of a BS and / or a BS subsystem serving the coverage area, depending on the context in which the term is used.

[0036] BSs can be referred to as a macro BS, a pico BS, a femto BS, and / or a Figure 1 In an example shown in FIG. 1, BS 110a can be a macro BS for a macro cell 102a, BS 110b can be a pico BS for a pico cell 102b, and BS 110c can be a femto BS for a femto cell 102c. A BS can support one or multiple (e.g., three) cells. The terms “eNB,” “base station,” “NR BS,” “gNB,” “TRP,” “AP,” “Node B,” “5G NB,” and “cell” can be used interchangeably herein.

[0037] In some aspects, the cellular cells can not necessarily be stationary, and the geographic area of a cell can move based on the location of a mobile BS. In some aspects, the BSs can be interconnected to one another and / or to one or more other BSs or network nodes (not shown) in the wireless network 100 through various types of backhaul interfaces such as a direct physical connection or a virtual network, using any suitable transport network.

[0038] Wireless network 100 can also include relay stations. A relay station is an entity that can receive a transmission of data from an upstream station (e.g., a BS or a UE) and send a transmission of the data to a downstream station (e.g., a UE or a BS). A relay station can also be a UE that can relay transmissions for other UEs. Figure 1 In the example shown, a relay BS 1 lOd can communicate with macro BS 110a and a UE 120d in order to facilitate communications between the BS 110a and UE 120d. A relay BS can also be referred to as a relay station, a relay base station, a relay, or the like.

[0039] Wireless network 100 can be a heterogeneous network that includes BSs of different types, such as macro BSs, pico BSs, femto BSs, relay BSs, or the like. These different types of BSs can have different transmit power levels, different coverage areas, and different impacts on interference. For example, macro BSs can have a high transmit power level (e.g., 5 to 40 watts) whereas pico BSs, femto BSs, and relay BSs can have relatively lower transmit power levels (e.g., 0.1 to 2 watts).

[0040] A network controller 130 can couple to a set of BSs and can provide coordination and control for these BSs. Network controller 130 can communicate with the BSs via a backhaul. The BSs can also communicate with one another directly or indirectly via a wireless or wireline backhaul.

[0041] The UEs 120 (e.g., 120a, 120b, 120c) can be dispersed throughout the wireless network 100, and each UE can be stationary or mobile. A UE can also be referred to as an access terminal, a terminal, a mobile station, a subscriber unit, a station, etc. A UE can be a cellular phone (e.g., a smart phone), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet, a camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device or equipment, a biometric sensor / device, a wearable device such as a smart watch, smart clothing, smart glasses, a smart wrist band, a smart jewelry (e.g., a smart ring, a smart bracelet), an entertainment device (e.g., a music or video device, or a satellite radio), a vehicular component or sensor, a smart meter / sensor, industrial manufacturing equipment, a global positioning system device, or any other suitable device that is configured to communicate via a wireless or wired medium.

[0042] Some UEs can be considered machine-type communication (MTC) or evolved or enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC) UEs. MTC and eMTC UEs include, for example, robots, drones, remote devices, sensors, meters, monitors, and / or location tags, that can communicate with a base station, another device (e.g., remote device), or some other entity. A wireless node can provide, for example, connectivity for or to a network (e.g., a wide area network such as the Internet or a cellular network) via a wired or wireless communication link. Some UEs can be considered Internet-of-Things (IoT) UEs, and / or can be implemented as NB-IoT (narrowband

[0043] In general, any number of wireless networks can be deployed within a given geographic area. Each wireless network can support a particular RAT and can operate on one or more frequencies. A RAT can also be referred to as a radio technology, an air interface, etc. A frequency can also be referred to as a carrier, a frequency channel, etc. Each frequency can support a single RAT in a given geographic area in order to avoid interference between wireless networks of different RATs. In some cases, NR or 5G RAT networks can be deployed.

[0044] In some respects, two or more UEs 120 (e.g., shown as UE 120a and UE 120e) may communicate directly using one or more sidelink channels (e.g., without using base station 110 as an intermediary). For example, UEs 120 may communicate using peer-to-peer (P2P) communication, device-to-device (D2D) communication, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) protocols (e.g., which may include vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) protocols or vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) protocols), and / or mesh networks. In this scenario, UEs 120 may perform scheduling operations, resource selection operations, and / or other operations described elsewhere herein as performed by base station 110.

[0045] Devices in the wireless network 100 can communicate using the electromagnetic spectrum, which can be subdivided into various categories, bands, channels, etc., based on frequency or wavelength. For example, devices in the wireless network 100 can communicate using an operating band with a first frequency range (FR1) and / or an operating band with a second frequency range (FR2), where the first frequency range (FR1) spans from 410 MHz to 7.125 GHz and the second frequency range (FR2) spans from 24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz. The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are sometimes referred to as intermediate frequency bands. Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to as the "sub-6 GHz band." Similarly, although different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz–300 GHz) designated as the "millimeter wave" band by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), FR2 is often referred to as the "millimeter wave" band. Therefore, unless otherwise stated, it should be understood that, if used herein, the term "sub-6GHz," etc., can broadly refer to frequencies less than 6GHz, frequencies within FR1, and / or intermediate frequency band frequencies (e.g., greater than 7.125GHz). Similarly, unless otherwise stated, it should be understood that, if used herein, the term "millimeter wave," etc., can broadly refer to frequencies within the EHF band, frequencies within FR2, and / or intermediate frequency band frequencies (e.g., less than 24.25GHz). It is conceivable that the frequencies included in FR1 and FR2 can be modified, and the techniques described herein are applicable to those modified frequency ranges.

[0046] As indicated above, Figure 1 This is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from the one provided. Figure 1 The example described.

[0047] Figure 2is a diagram illustrating an example 200 of a base station 110 in communication with a UE 120 in a wireless network 100, in accordance with the present disclosure. The base station 110 can be equipped with T antennas 234a through 234t, and the UE 120 can be equipped with R antennas 252a through 252r, where in general T > 1 and R > 1.

[0048] At the base station 110, a transmit processor 220 can receive data from a data source 212 for one or more UEs, select one or more modulation and coding schemes (MCSs) for each UE based at least in part on channel quality indicators (CQIs) received from the UE, process (e.g., encode and modulate) the data for each UE based at least in part on the MCS(s) selected for the UE, and provide data symbols for all UEs. The transmit processor 220 can also process system information (e.g., for semi-static resource partitioning information (SRPI)) and control information (e.g., CQI requests, grants, and / or upper layer signaling) and provide overhead symbols and control symbols. The transmit processor 220 can also generate reference symbols for reference signals (e.g., a cell-specific reference signal (CRS) or a demodulation reference signal (DMRS)) and synchronization signals (e.g., a primary synchronization signal (PSS) or a secondary synchronization signal (SSS)). A transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor 230 can perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, the overhead symbols, and / or the reference symbols, if applicable, and can provide T output symbol streams to T modulators (MODs) 232a through 232t. Each modulator 232 can process a respective output symbol stream (e.g., for OFDM) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modulator 232 can further process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal. T downlink signals from modulators 232a through 232t can be transmitted via T antennas 234a through 234t, respectively.

[0049] At the UE 120, the antennas 252a through 252r can receive the downlink signals from the base station 110 and / or other base stations and can provide received signals to the demodulators (DEMODs) 254a through 254r, respectively. Each demodulator 254 can condition (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, and digitize) a received signal to obtain input samples. Each demodulator 254 can further process the input samples (e.g., for OFDM) to obtain received symbols. A MIMO detector 256 can obtain received symbols from all R demodulators 254a through 254r, perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and provide detected symbols. A receive processor 258 can process (e.g., demodulate and decode) the detected symbols, provide decoded data for the UE 120 to a data sink 260, and provide decoded control information and system information to a controller / processor 280. The term “controller / processor” can refer to one or more controllers, one or more processors, or combinations thereof. A channel processor can determine reference signal received power (RSRP) parameters, received signal strength indicator (RSSI) parameters, reference signal received quality (RSRQ) parameters, and / or CQI parameters, among other examples. In some aspects, one or more components of UE 120 can be included in a housing 284.

[0050] The network controller 130 can include a communication unit 294, a controller / processor 290, and a memory 292. The network controller 130 can include, for example, one or more devices in a core network. The network controller 130 can communicate with the base station 110 via the communication unit 294.

[0051] Antennas (e.g., antennas 234a through 234t and / or antennas 252a through 252r) can include or be included in one or more antenna panels, antenna groups, antenna element sets, and / or antenna arrays, among other examples. An antenna panel, antenna group, antenna element set, and / or antenna array can include one or more antenna elements. An antenna panel, antenna group, antenna element set, and / or antenna array can include a set of co-planar antenna elements and / or a set of non-co-planar antenna elements. An antenna panel, antenna group, antenna element set, and / or antenna array can include antenna elements within a single housing and / or antenna elements within multiple housings. An antenna panel, antenna group, antenna element set, and / or antenna array can include one or more antenna elements coupled to one or more transmit and / or receive components (such as one or more components of a transceiver 264). Figure 2 An antenna panel, antenna group, antenna element set, and / or antenna array can include one or more antenna elements coupled to one or more transmit and / or receive components (such as one or more components of a transceiver 264).

[0052] On the uplink, at UE 120, a transmit processor 264 can receive and process data from a data source 262 and control information (e.g., for reports including RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, and / or CQI) from controller / processor 280. Transmit processor 264 can also generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals. The symbols from transmit processor 264 can be precoded by a TX MIMO processor 266 if applicable, further processed by modulators 254a through 254r (e.g., for DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM), and transmitted to base station 110. In some aspects, a modulator and a demodulator (e.g., MOD / DEMOD 254) of the UE 120 can be included in a modem of the UE 120. In some aspects, the UE 120 includes a transceiver. The transceiver can include any combination of antenna(s) 252, modulators and / or demodulators 254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, and / or TX MIMO processor 266. The transceiver can be used by a processor (e.g., controller / processor 280) and memory 282 to perform any of the methods described herein (for example, as described with reference to Figures 6-9

[0053] At base station 110, the uplink signals from UE 120 and other UEs can be received by antennas 234, processed by demodulators 232, detected by a MIMO detector 236 if applicable, and further processed by a receive processor 238 to obtain decoded data and control information sent by UE 120. Receive processor 238 can provide the decoded data to a data sink 239 and the decoded control information to controller / processor 240. Base station 110 can include communication unit 244 and communicate to network controller 130 via communication unit 244. Base station 110 can include a scheduler 246 to schedule UEs 120 for downlink and / or uplink communications. In some aspects, a modulator and a demodulator (e.g., MOD / DEMOD 232) of the base station 110 can be included in a modem of the base station 110. In some aspects, the base station 110 includes a transceiver. The transceiver can include any combination of antenna(s) 234, modulators and / or demodulators 232, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, transmit processor 220, and / or TX MIMO processor 230. The transceiver can be used by a processor (e.g., controller / processor 240) and memory 242 to perform any of the methods described herein (for example, as described with reference to Figures 6-9

[0054] ​​The controller / processor 240 of base station 110, the controller / processor 280 of UE 120, and / or Figure 2 Any other component may perform one or more techniques associated with frequency component constraints for carrier aggregation and frequency hopping, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. For example, the controller / processor 240 of base station 110, the controller / processor 280 of UE 120, and / or Figure 2 Any other component that can execute or direct, for example Figure 8 The process 800 Figure 9 The operation of process 900 and / or other processes as described herein. Memory 242 and 282 may store data and program code for base station 110 and UE 120, respectively. In some aspects, memory 242 and / or memory 282 may include: a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions (e.g., code and / or program code) for wireless communication. For example, when executed by one or more processors of base station 110 and / or UE 120 (e.g., directly executed, or executed after compilation, transformation, and / or interpretation), the one or more processors, UE 120, and / or base station 110 may cause the one or more processors, UE 120, and / or base station 110 to perform or direct, for example... Figure 8 The process 800 Figure 9 The operation of process 900, and / or other processes described herein. In some aspects, the execution instructions may include run instructions, translate instructions, compile instructions, and / or interpret instructions, etc.

[0055] In some aspects, the UE (e.g., 120) may include: means for receiving an indication of a constraint on a combination of frequency components permitted by the UE for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping, wherein the constraint indicates that at least two frequency components are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping; means for communicating at least partially based on the constraint; and so on. In some aspects, such means may include a combination of Figure 2 One or more components of the described UE 120, such as controller / processor 280, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, MOD 254, antenna 252, DEMOD 254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, etc.

[0056] In some aspects, the scheduling entity (e.g., base station 110, integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, etc.) may include: means for transmitting an indication of a constraint on the combination of frequency components permitted for use by a UE for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping, wherein the constraint indicates that at least two frequency components are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping; means for communicating with the UE at least in part based on the constraint; etc. In some aspects, such means may include combining Figure 2One or more components of the described base station 110, such as antenna 234, DEMOD 232, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, controller / processor 240, transmit processor 220, TX MIMO processor 230, MOD 232, antenna 234, and / or the like.

[0057] Although Figure 2 The blocks in FIG. 14 are illustrated as distinct components, but the functionality described above in relation to these blocks can be implemented with a single hardware, software, or combined component or a combination of various components. For example, the functionality described in relation to transmit processor 264, receive processor 258, and / or TX MIMO processor 266 can be performed by or under the control of controller / processor 280.

[0058] As indicated above, Figure 2 are provided as examples. Other examples can differ from what is described in relation to Figure 2 the examples described in relation to

[0059] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an example beamforming architecture 300 that supports beamforming for millimeter wave (mmW) communications in accordance with the present disclosure. In some aspects, the architecture 300 can implement aspects of the wireless network 100. In some aspects, the architecture 300 can be implemented in a transmitting device (e.g., a first wireless communication device, UE, or base station) and / or a receiving device (e.g., a second wireless communication device, UE, or base station), as described herein.

[0060] Broadly, Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating example hardware components of a wireless communication device in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure. The illustrated components can include those that can be used for antenna element selection and / or beamforming for wireless signal transmission. There are numerous architectures for antenna element selection and implementing phase shifts, only one example of which is illustrated here. The architecture 300 includes a modem (modulator / demodulator) 302, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) 304, a first mixer 306, a second mixer 308, and a splitter 310. The architecture 300 also includes a plurality of first amplifiers 312, a plurality of phase shifters 314, a plurality of second amplifiers 316, and an antenna array 318 including a plurality of antenna elements 320. In some examples, the modem 302 can be one or more of the modems 232 or modems 254 described above. Figure 2

[0061] ​Transmission lines or other waveguides, wires, and / or traces are shown connecting the various components to illustrate how signals to be communicated can travel between the components. Reference numbers 322, 324, 326, and 328 indicate areas in the architecture 300 in which different types of signals travel or are processed. Specifically, reference number 322 indicates an area in which digital baseband signals travel or are processed, reference number 324 indicates an area in which analog baseband signals travel or are processed, reference number 326 indicates an area in which analog intermediate frequency (IF) signals travel or are processed, and reference number 328 indicates an area in which analog radio frequency (RF) signals travel or are processed. The architecture also includes a local oscillator A 330, a local oscillator B 332, and a controller / processor 334. In some aspects, the controller / processor 334 corresponds to the controller / processor 240 described above in connection with the base station 110. In some aspects, the controller / processor 334 corresponds to the controller / processor 280 described above in connection with the UE 120. In some aspects, the controller / processor 334 is a component of the controller / processor 240 or the controller / processor 280. Figure 2 The processor / processor 240 of the described base station and / or the controller / processor 280 of the described UE. Figure 2 The controller / processor 280 of the described UE.

[0062] Each of the antenna elements 320 can include one or more sub-elements for radiating or receiving RF signals. For example, a single antenna element 320 can include a first sub-element that is cross-polarized with a second sub-element, which can be used to independently communicate cross-polarized signals. The antenna elements 320 can include patch antennas, dipole antennas, or other types of antennas arranged in a linear pattern, a two-dimensional pattern, or other pattern. The spacing between the antenna elements 320 can be such that signals having a desired wavelength transmitted separately by the antenna elements 320 can interact or interfere (e.g., to form a desired beam). For example, given an expected range of wavelengths or frequencies, the spacing can provide a quarter wavelength, a half wavelength, or other fraction of a wavelength of the spacing between adjacent antenna elements 320 to allow for interaction or interference of signals transmitted by separate antenna elements 320 within the expected range.

[0063] The modem 302 processes and generates digital baseband signals, and can also control operation of the DAC 304, the first and second mixers 306, 308, the splitter 310, the first amplifier 312, the phase shifter 314, and / or the second amplifier 316 to transmit signals via one or more or all of the antenna elements 320. The modem 302 can process signals and control operation in accordance with a communications standard, such as the wireless standards discussed herein. The DAC 304 can convert digital baseband signals received from the modem 302 (and to be transmitted) into analog baseband signals. The first mixer 306 uses a local oscillator A 330 to upconvert the analog baseband signals to analog IF signals within an IF. For example, the first mixer 306 can mix the signals with an oscillating signal generated by the local oscillator A 330 to “move” the baseband analog signals to the IF. In some cases, some processing or filtering (not shown) can occur at the IF. The second mixer 308 uses a local oscillator B 332 to upconvert the analog IF signals to analog RF signals. Similar to the first mixer, the second mixer 308 can mix the signals with an oscillating signal generated by the local oscillator B 332 to “move” the IF analog signals to the RF, or the frequency at which the signals are to be transmitted or received. The modem 302 and / or the controller / processor 334 can adjust the frequency of the local oscillator A 330 and / or the local oscillator B 332 so that the desired IF and / or RF frequencies are produced and used to facilitate processing and transmission of signals within a desired bandwidth.

[0064] In the illustrated architecture 300, the signal upconverted by the second mixer 308 is split or duplicated by the splitter 310 into multiple signals. The splitter 310 in the architecture 300 splits the RF signal into multiple identical or nearly identical RF signals. In other examples, any type of signal can be split, including a baseband digital signal, a baseband analog signal, or an IF analog signal. Each of these signals can correspond to an antenna element 320, and the signal travels through or is processed by the amplifiers 312, 316, the phase shifter 314, and / or other elements corresponding to the respective antenna element 320 to be provided to or transmitted by the respective antenna element 320 of the antenna array 318. In one example, the splitter 310 can be an active splitter that is connected to a power source and provides some gain so that the RF signal leaving the splitter 310 is at or greater than the power level of the signal entering the splitter 310. In another example, the splitter 310 is a passive splitter that is not connected to a power source, and the RF signal leaving the splitter 310 can be at a lower power level than the RF signal entering the splitter 310.

[0065] After splitting by splitter 310, the resulting RF signals can enter an amplifier (such as first amplifier 312) or phase shifter 314 corresponding to an antenna element 320. First and second amplifiers 312, 316 are illustrated in dashed lines because in some aspects, one or both of them can not be necessary. In some aspects, both first amplifier 312 and second amplifier 316 are present. In some aspects, both first amplifier 312 and second amplifier 316 are not present. In some aspects, one of the two amplifiers 312, 316 is present, but the other is not. As an example, if splitter 310 is an active splitter, first amplifier 312 can not be used. As a further example, if phase shifter 314 is an active phase shifter that can provide gain, second amplifier 316 can not be used.

[0066] Amplifiers 312, 316 can provide a desired level of positive gain or negative gain. Positive gain (positive dB) can be used to increase the amplitude of the signal for radiation by a particular antenna element 320. Negative gain (negative dB) can be used to decrease the amplitude of the signal for radiation by a particular antenna element and / or to suppress its radiation. Each of amplifiers 312, 316 can be independently controlled (e.g., by modem 302 or controller / processor 334) to provide independent control of gain for each antenna element 320. For example, modem 302 and / or controller / processor 334 can have at least one control line connected to each of splitter 310, first amplifier 312, phase shifter 314, and / or second amplifier 316, which can be used to configure the gain to provide a desired amount of gain for each component and thus each antenna element 320.

[0067] Phase shifters 314 can provide a configurable phase shift or phase offset to the corresponding RF signal to be transmitted. Phase shifters 314 can be passive phase shifters that are not directly connected to a power source. Passive phase shifters can introduce some insertion loss. Second amplifiers 316 can boost the signal to compensate for the insertion loss. Phase shifters 314 can be active phase shifters that are connected to a power source, such that the active phase shifters provide some amount of gain or prevent insertion loss. The setting of each phase shifter 314 is independent, meaning that each phase shifter can be independently set to provide a desired amount of phase shift or the same amount of phase shift or some other configuration. Modem 302 and / or controller / processor 334 can have at least one control line connected to each phase shifter 314, and the at least one control line can be used to configure phase shifters 314 to provide a desired amount of phase shift or phase offset between antenna elements 320.

[0068] In the illustrated architecture 300, the RF signals received by the antenna elements 320 are provided to one or more first amplifiers 356 to boost the signal strength. The first amplifiers 356 can be connected to the same antenna array 318 (e.g., for time division duplex (TDD) operations). The first amplifiers 356 can be connected to different antenna arrays 318. The boosted RF signals are input into one or more phase shifters 354 to provide a configurable phase shift or phase offset for the corresponding received RF signals to enable reception via one or more Rx beams. The phase shifters 354 can be active phase shifters or passive phase shifters. The setting of each phase shifter 354 is independent, which means that each phase shifter can be independently set to provide a desired amount of phase shift or the same amount of phase shift or some other configuration. The modem 302 and / or the controller / processor 334 can have at least one control line connected to each phase shifter 354, and the at least one control line can be used to configure the phase shifters 354 to provide a desired amount of phase shift or phase offset between the antenna elements 320 to enable reception via one or more Rx beams.

[0069] The outputs of the phase shifters 354 can be input to one or more second amplifiers 352 for signal amplification of the phase-shifted received RF signals. The second amplifiers 352 can be individually configured to provide a configured amount of gain. The second amplifiers 352 can be individually configured to provide an amount of gain to ensure that the signals input to the combiner 350 have the same magnitude. The amplifiers 352 and / or 356 are illustrated in dashed lines because they can not be necessary in some aspects. In some aspects, both amplifiers 352 and 356 are present. In another aspect, neither amplifier 352 nor 356 is present. In other aspects, one of the amplifiers 352, 356 is present, but the other is not.

[0070] In the illustrated architecture 300, the signals output by the phase shifters 354 (via the amplifiers 352 when present) are combined in the combiner 350. The combiner 350 in the architecture 300 combines the RF signals into one signal. The combiner 350 can be a passive combiner (e.g., not connected to a power source), which can result in some insertion loss. The combiner 350 can be an active combiner (e.g., connected to a power source), which can result in some signal gain. When the combiner 350 is an active combiner, it can provide a different (e.g., configurable) amount of gain for each input signal so that the input signals have the same magnitude when combined. When the combiner 350 is an active combiner, the combiner 350 can not need the second amplifiers 352 because the active combiner can provide signal amplification.

[0071] The output of the combiner 350 is input to mixers 348 and 346. The mixers 348 and 346 generally use inputs from local oscillators 372 and 370, respectively, to down-convert the received RF signal to produce an intermediate or baseband signal that carries the encoded and modulated information. The outputs of the mixers 348 and 346 are input to an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 344 for conversion to a digital signal. The digital signal output from the ADC 344 is input to the modem 302 for baseband processing such as decoding, de-interleaving, or the like.

[0072] The architecture 300 is presented by way of example only to illustrate an architecture for transmitting and / or receiving signals. In some cases, the architecture 300 and / or each portion of the architecture 300 can be repeated multiple times within the architecture to accommodate or provide any number of RF chains, antenna elements, and / or antenna panels. Moreover, numerous alternative architectures are possible and contemplated. For example, while only a single antenna array 318 is shown, two, three, or more antenna arrays can be included, each with its own respective one or more of amplifiers, phase shifters, splitters, mixers, DACs, ADCs, and / or modems. For example, a single UE can include two, four, or more antenna arrays for transmitting or receiving signals in different physical locations on the UE or in different directions.

[0073] Moreover, mixers, splitters, amplifiers, phase shifters, and other components can be located in different signal type regions (e.g., represented by different ones of reference numerals 322, 324, 326, 328) in different implementation architectures. For example, splitting of a signal to be transmitted into multiple signals can occur at an analog RF, an analog IF, an analog baseband, or a digital baseband frequency in different examples. Similarly, amplification and / or phase shifting can also occur at different frequencies. For example, in some aspects, one or more of the splitter 310, the amplifiers 312, 316, or the phase shifter 314 can be located between the DAC 304 and the first mixer 306, or between the first mixer 306 and the second mixer 308. In one example, the functionality of one or more components can be combined into one component. For example, the phase shifter 314 can perform amplification to include or replace the first amplifier 312 and / or the second amplifier 316. As another example, the phase shift can be implemented by the second mixer 308 to eliminate the need for a separate phase shifter 314. Such techniques are sometimes referred to as local oscillator (LO) phase shifting. In some aspects of this configuration, there can be multiple IF-to-RF mixers within the second mixer 308 (e.g., for each antenna element chain), and the local oscillator B 332 can provide a different local oscillator signal (with a different phase shift) to each IF-to-RF mixer.

[0074] The modem 302 and / or the controller / processor 334 can control one or more of the other components 304 to 372 to select one or more antenna elements 320 and / or to shape a beam for transmission of one or more signals. For example, an antenna element 320 can be individually selected for transmission of a signal (or of each signal) or deselected by controlling the amplitude of one or more corresponding amplifiers, such as the first amplifier 312 and / or the second amplifier 316. Beamforming includes using multiple signals on different antenna elements to generate a beam, where one or more or all of the multiple signals are phase shifted relative to each other. The beam that is formed can carry a physical or higher layer reference signal or information. As each of the multiple signals radiates from a corresponding antenna element 320, the radiated signals interact, interfere (constructive and destructive interference), and amplify each other to form the resulting beam. The shape (such as the amplitude, width, and / or presence of side lobes) and direction (such as the angle of the beam relative to the surface of the antenna array 318) can be dynamically controlled by modifying the phase shift or phase offset imparted by the phase shifters 314 and the amplitude imparted by the amplifiers 312, 316 relative to each other of the multiple signals. The controller / processor 334 can be located partially or entirely within one or more other components of the architecture 300. For example, in some aspects, the controller / processor 334 can be located within the modem 302.

[0075] As indicated above, Figure 3 are provided by way of example. Other examples can differ from what is described with respect to at least one of the described examples. Figure 3

[0076] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating an example 400 of carrier aggregation, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0077] Carrier aggregation is a technique that enables two or more component carriers (CCs, sometimes referred to as carriers) to be combined (e.g., into a single channel) for a single UE 120 to enhance data capacity. As shown, the carriers can be combined in the same or different frequency bands. Additionally or alternatively, contiguous or non-contiguous carriers can be combined. The base station 110 can configure carrier aggregation for the UE 120 (such as in a radio resource control (RRC) message, downlink control information (DCI), and / or the like).

[0078] As shown by reference number 405, in some aspects, carrier aggregation can be configured in an intra-band contiguous mode, where the aggregated carriers are contiguous to each other and in the same frequency band. As shown by reference number 410, in some aspects, carrier aggregation can be configured in an intra-band non-contiguous mode, where the aggregated carriers are non-contiguous to each other and in the same frequency band. As shown by reference number 415, in some aspects, carrier aggregation can be configured in an inter-band non-contiguous mode, where the aggregated carriers are non-contiguous to each other and in different frequency bands.​

[0079] In carrier aggregation, a UE 120 can be configured with a primary carrier and one or more secondary carriers. In some aspects, the primary carrier can carry control information (e.g., downlink control information, scheduling information, etc.) for scheduling data communications on the one or more secondary carriers, which can be referred to as cross-carrier scheduling. In some aspects, a carrier (e.g., a primary carrier or a secondary carrier) can carry control information for scheduling data communications on that carrier, which can be referred to as self-carrier scheduling or carrier self-scheduling.

[0080] As indicated above, Figure 4 are provided as examples. Other examples can differ from what is described Figure 4 with respect to the examples described.

[0081] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating an example 500 of carrier aggregation of frequency components according to the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 5 a given frequency range can include multiple frequency components 505, also referred to as channels (e.g., channel #1, channel #2, channel #3, channel #4, channel #5, and / or channel #6), and sometimes referred to as frequency bands or “channelized.” The frequency components 505 can be used for communications between devices in a wireless network. Such an arrangement can be typical of many different types of wireless networks. One example of a wireless network is WiFi (such as IEEE 802.11ay), in which the channels can have a 2.16 GHz bandwidth (e.g., a center frequency of 58.32 GHz for channel #1, a center frequency of 60.48 GHz for channel #2, a center frequency of 62.64 GHz for channel #3, a center frequency of 64.80 GHz for channel #4, a center frequency of 66.96 GHz for channel #5, and / or a center frequency of 69.12 GHz for channel #6), as shown. Another example of a wireless network is the wireless network 100 in which the base station 110 communicates with the UE 120.

[0082] To enhance data capacity, carrier aggregation (sometimes referred to as “channel bonding”) can be performed with respect to two or more frequency channels. As Figure 5As shown in the middle, certain carrier aggregation can be performed to produce combined frequency channels 510, such as channel #9 (an aggregation of channels #1 and #2 with a center frequency of 59.40 GHz), channel #10 (an aggregation of channels #2 and #3 with a center frequency of 61.56 GHz), channel #11 (an aggregation of channels #3 and #4 with a center frequency of 63.72 GHz), channel #12 (an aggregation of channels #4 and #5 with a center frequency of 65.88 GHz), and / or channel #13 (an aggregation of channels #5 and #6 with a center frequency of 68.04 GHz). Such carrier aggregation can similarly be performed in wireless network 100, such as for communications between base stations 110 and UEs 120, including as described above with respect to Figure 4 In this way, channels can be combined to enhance data capacity.

[0083] Additionally or alternatively, to improve radio transmission performance, “frequency hopping,” sometimes referred to as “fast hopping,” can be performed. Frequency hopping is a technique that can involve rapid switching between different carrier frequencies (e.g., frequency components 505) over time when transmitting a communication. In this way, a communication can be transmitted with minimized interference.

[0084] To improve radio transmission performance, beamforming can be used. Beamforming is a technique used to form a directional unicast beam between a UE and a base station such that performance of a radio link between the UE and the base station is improved. To perform beamforming, a base station can form a transmit beam that is pointed toward a UE, and the UE can form a receive beam to receive the transmit beam. Additionally or alternatively, a UE can form a transmit beam that is pointed toward a base station, and the base station can form a receive beam to receive the transmit beam. A base station and / or a UE can use various hardware components to achieve beamforming, such as a controller / processor, an amplifier, a phase shifter, an antenna element, and / or the like, including those described above with respect to Figure 3

[0085] Frequency bands for 5G NR can include frequency range 1 (FR1), frequency range 2 (FR2), and / or the like. FR1 can span from 410 MHz to 7.125 GHz, with various frequency bands allocated therein (e.g., nl, n2, n3, etc.). FR2 can span from 24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz, with various frequency bands allocated therein (e.g., n257, n258, n260, n261, etc.). The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are sometimes referred to as mid-band frequencies. FR1 is often referred to as a “sub-6 GHz band,” despite a portion of FR1 being greater than 6 GHz. Similarly, FR2 is often referred to as a “millimeter wave band,” despite the frequencies being different from extremely high frequency (EHF) bands (30 GHz - 300 GHz) identified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) as a “millimeter wave” band.​

[0086] The frequency bands for 5G NR continue to expand to include a frequency range (FR4). FR4 can span from 52.6 GHz to 114.25 GHz, for which various frequency bands have been allocated. FR4 is often referred to as “upper millimeter wave” or “sub-THz.”

[0087] It is contemplated that various techniques described herein (including carrier aggregation, frequency hopping, and / or beamforming) can be applied in a system simultaneously to achieve improved performance. However, when applying carrier aggregation and / or frequency hopping with beamforming at increasing frequency ranges, such as FR4, beamforming performance loss, also referred to as “beam squint,” can occur. Beamforming performance loss can result from the limited hardware resources in a device (e.g., controllers / processors, amplifiers, phase shifters, antenna elements, etc., including those as described above with respect to FIG. 5) attempting to achieve beamforming at higher frequencies between increasingly separate channels for carrier aggregation and / or frequency hopping. At higher frequencies, such as FR4, a beamforming configuration that can be optimal for one carrier aggregation and / or frequency hopping of a channel can be suboptimal for another carrier aggregation and / or frequency hopping of the channel. Figure 3

[0088] Some techniques and apparatuses described herein can limit or constrain which combinations of frequency components can be carrier aggregated and / or frequency hopped such that optimal beamforming can be maintained at higher frequencies, such as FR4. A scheduling entity, such as a base station, IAB node, etc., can transmit an indication to a UE regarding the limitations or constraints on which combinations of frequency components can be carrier aggregated and / or frequency hopped. The indication can be based at least in part on information transmitted by the UE. As a result, carrier aggregation and / or frequency hopping can be performed at higher frequencies, such as FR4, with beamforming while minimizing beamforming performance loss.

[0089] As indicated above, Figure 5 are provided as examples. Other examples can differ from what is described with respect to the examples Figure 5 described with respect to the examples

[0090] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating an example 600 associated with frequency component constraints for carrier aggregation and frequency hopping, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 6 example 600 includes a UE 120 in communication with a scheduling entity 605 (e.g., a base station 110, an IAB node, etc.). The UE 120 and the scheduling entity 605 can be in communication with each other in a wireless network (e.g., the wireless network 100), which can include uplink and downlink communications.

[0091] ​As shown by reference number 610, the UE 120 can transmit (e.g., via the uplink) to the scheduling entity 605 information to assist the scheduling entity 605 in determining constraints on the combination of frequency components for the UE 120. The information can be any input provided by the UE 120 to the scheduling entity 605 to assist the scheduling entity 605 in making a determination of the constraints. For example, the information can include an indication of frequency components for prioritization, an indication of one or more preferences related to dual connectivity (DC), and / or a recommendation based at least in part on a hardware capability of the UE 120, as will be described herein.

[0092] When the information includes an indication of frequency components for prioritization, the UE 120 can indicate frequency components for carrier aggregation and / or frequency hopping that are to be prioritized for grouping together. For example, referring again to Figure 5 , the UE 120 can indicate that the frequency components on channels #1 and #2 are to be prioritized for grouping together over other frequency components within a given frequency range. Additionally or alternatively, when the information includes an indication of frequency components for prioritization, the UE 120 can indicate frequency components for carrier aggregation and / or frequency hopping that are to be deprioritized to prevent grouping. For example, referring again to Figure 5 , the UE 120 can indicate that the frequency components on channels #5 and #6 are deprioritized for grouping together relative to other frequency components within a given frequency range. As a result, the UE 120 can provide an indication of the prioritization of the frequency components to the scheduling entity 605 for use by the scheduling entity 605 in determining constraints on the combination of frequency components for the UE 120.

[0093] When the information includes an indication of one or more preferences related to DC, the UE 120 can indicate a preferred primary cell (Pcell), a preferred primary secondary cell (PScell), and / or a preferred secondary cell (Scell). DC enables a UE to simultaneously transmit and receive data over multiple component carriers from a group of cells via a master cell group (MCG) and a secondary cell group (SCG). The MCG can refer to a serving cell group associated with a master node (MN) and can include a primary cell (Pcell) and optionally one or more secondary cells (Scells). The SCG can refer to a serving cell group associated with a secondary node (SN) and can include a primary secondary cell (PScell) and optionally one or more Scells. To improve support for DC related to carrier aggregation and / or frequency hopping, the UE 120 can transmit an indication of one or more preferences related to DC for use by the scheduling entity 605 in determining constraints on the combination of frequency components for the UE 120.

[0094] When the information includes a recommendation based at least in part on a hardware capability of the UE 120, the UE 120 can indicate a hardware capability of the UE 120 associated with beamforming. In some aspects, the hardware capability of the UE 120 associated with beamforming can include a number of radio frequency chains of the UE 120, a number of times the UE 120 can change beam weights in a slot (e.g., using a known parameter such as “maxNumberRxTxBeamSwitchDL”), a processing time and latency associated with applying received beam weights (e.g., using a known parameter such as “timedurationForQCL”), and / or the like. The recommendation made by the UE 120 can be an indication to the scheduling entity 605 to constrain frequency component combinations based at least in part on the hardware capability. In some aspects, the greater the number of radio frequency chains, the fewer the constraints that can result, and the smaller the number of radio frequency chains, the more the constraints that can result; the greater the number of times the UE 120 can change beam weights in a slot, the fewer the constraints that can result, and the smaller the number of times the UE 120 can change beam weights in a slot, the more the constraints that can result; the less the processing time and latency associated with applying received beam weights, the fewer the constraints that can result, and the more the processing time and latency associated with applying received beam weights, the more the constraints that can result; and / or the like. As a result, the UE 120 can provide a recommendation to the scheduling entity 605 for the scheduling entity 605 to use in determining constraints on frequency component combinations for the UE 120.

[0095] As described above, the scheduling entity 605 can use the information provided by the UE 120 to make a determination of constraints on frequency component combinations for the UE 120. In some aspects, the UE 120 can make a determination of constraints on frequency component combinations for the UE 120. In this case, the information provided by the UE 120 can include a result of the determination of constraints on frequency component combinations for the UE 120. When the information includes the result of the determination, the scheduling entity 605 can act based at least in part on the result of the determination, ignore the result of the determination, or make its own determination based at least in part on the result of the determination.

[0096] Although some aspects herein describe the information as an indication of frequency components for prioritization, an indication of one or more preferences related to DC, and / or a recommendation based at least in part on a hardware capability of the UE 120, these are provided as examples of types of information that can be used. In practice, any of these types of information, any combination of these types of information, or one or more other types of information can be used.

[0097] In some aspects, the UE 120 can not provide information to the scheduling entity 605 at all. In other words, the UE 120 transmitting information to the scheduling entity 605 can be optional, as indicated by the dashed line corresponding to reference number 610. When the UE 120 does not provide information to the scheduling entity 605 at all, the scheduling entity 605 can make a determination of constraints on frequency component combinations for the UE 120 without the benefit of information from the UE 120.

[0098] As shown by reference number 615, in scenarios where the UE 120 provides information to the scheduling entity 605, the scheduling entity 605 can determine constraints on frequency component combinations for the UE 120 based at least in part on the information provided by the UE 120, as described above in connection with reference number 610. The determination can be an indication of constraints on frequency components that are not permitted to be combined by the UE 120 for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping. For example, the determination can be an indication of at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be combined by the UE 120 for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping. As a result, the UE 120 can provide input to the scheduling entity 605 for use by the scheduling entity 605 in making a determination of constraints on frequency component combinations for the UE 120.

[0099] In some aspects, the scheduling entity 605 can determine constraints on frequency component combinations for the UE 120 without having information provided by the UE 120. This can occur, for example, when the scheduling entity 605 ignores the determination results of the UE 120; when the UE 120 does not provide information to the scheduling entity 605 at all; and / or the like. In this case, the scheduling entity 605 can refer to a stored list of frequency component combinations that are not permitted to be carrier aggregated and / or frequency hopped by the UE 120. The list can be specific to a particular UE (e.g., the UE 120), and / or can be generic to multiple UEs. The determination made by the scheduling entity 605 can be an indication of constraints on frequency components that are not permitted to be combined by the UE 120 as determined by the list. For example, the determination can be an indication of at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be combined by the UE 120 as determined by the list. As a result, the scheduling entity 605 can determine constraints on frequency component combinations for the UE 120 without the benefit of information from the UE 120.

[0100] As described above, the constraints on the combinations of frequency components permitted to be used by the UE can be used for carrier aggregation, frequency hopping, and / or both. When the constraints on the combinations of frequency components are for carrier aggregation, the carrier aggregation can be configured in different ways. For example, the carrier aggregation can be configured in an intra-band contiguous mode; an intra-band non-contiguous mode; an inter-band non-contiguous mode; and / or the like. When the constraints on the combinations of frequency components are for frequency hopping, the frequency hopping can be determined within a set of time domain resources. The time domain resources can include one or more sets of symbols and / or one or more sets of slots. As a result, the constraints on the combinations of frequency components permitted to be used by the UE 120 can be for carrier aggregation configured in different ways, for frequency hopping determined within a set of time domain resources, and / or both.

[0101] As shown by reference number 620, the scheduling entity 605 can transmit (e.g., via a downlink), and the UE 120 can receive, an indication of constraints on combinations of frequency components for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping by the UE 120. For example, the scheduling entity 605 can transmit, to the UE 120, an indication of at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be combined by the UE 120 for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping. The scheduling entity 605 can transmit the indication to the UE 120 before the UE 120 attempts to communicate (or further communicate) using carrier aggregation or frequency hopping. As a result, the UE 120 can receive the indication of the constraints on the combinations of frequency components from the scheduling entity 605 to improve communications via carrier aggregation and / or frequency hopping.

[0102] As shown by reference number 625, after receiving the indication of the constraints on the combinations of frequency components from the scheduling entity 605, the UE 120 can proceed to communicate (e.g., with the scheduling entity 605) based at least in part on the constraints from the scheduling entity 605. The UE 120 can transmit (e.g., via an uplink) to the scheduling entity 605 using carrier aggregation or frequency hopping with the constraints on the combinations of frequency components. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 120 can receive communications (e.g., via a downlink) from the scheduling entity 605 using carrier aggregation or frequency hopping with the constraints on the combinations of frequency components. The UE 120 can maintain the constraints on the combinations of frequency components for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping until the scheduling entity 605 transmits (e.g., via a downlink) subsequent constraints on the combinations of frequency components. As a result, the UE 120 can improve communications via carrier aggregation or frequency hopping, and reduce beamforming performance loss, based at least in part on the constraints on the combinations of frequency components from the scheduling entity 605.

[0103] As indicated above, Figure 6 are provided as examples. Other examples can differ from what is described with respect to at least one of the described examples. Figure 6

[0104] Figure 7 ​is a diagram illustrating an example 700 associated with frequency component constraints for carrier aggregation and frequency hopping, in accordance with the present disclosure. In example 700, a UE (e.g., a UE 120) can be in communication with a scheduling entity (e.g., the scheduling entity 605) in a wireless network (e.g., the wireless network 100), which can include uplink and downlink. The communication can be in a given frequency range, such as a portion of FR4, which has multiple frequency components (e.g., shown as CH0, CH1, CH2, CH3, CH4, CH5, and / or CH6) partitioned into frequency bands (e.g., a 2.16 GHz frequency band from about 57 GHz to about 71 GHz).

[0105] As shown by a reference number 705, the UE 120 can receive (e.g., via downlink) a first indication of a constraint on frequency component combinations from the scheduling entity 605. The UE 120 can receive the first indication of the constraint before the UE 120 attempts to communicate using carrier aggregation or frequency hopping. The first indication from the scheduling entity 605 can be a constraint in which contiguous frequency components are permitted for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping (and / or non-contiguous frequency components are not permitted for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping). For example, the first indication from the scheduling entity 605 can be a constraint in which contiguous frequency components (such as CH0 and CH1, CH1 and CH2, etc.) are permitted for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping (and / or non-contiguous frequency components (such as CH0 and CH2, CH0 and CH3, etc.) are not permitted for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping).

[0106] As shown by a reference number 710, the UE 120 can receive (e.g., via downlink) a second indication of a constraint on frequency component combinations from the scheduling entity 605. The UE 120 can receive the second indication of the constraint before the UE 120 attempts to communicate using carrier aggregation or frequency hopping. The second indication from the scheduling entity 605 can be a constraint in which non-contiguous frequency components that can be separated by greater than or equal to a threshold frequency component are not permitted for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping. For example, the second indication from the scheduling entity 605 can be a constraint in which non-contiguous frequency components (such as CH2 and CH4) that are separated by greater than or equal to a threshold frequency (such as one frequency component, e.g., CH3) are not permitted for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping.

[0107] As shown by reference number 715, the UE 120 can receive (e.g., via the downlink) a third indication of a constraint on combinations of frequency components from the scheduling entity 605. The UE 120 can receive the third indication of the constraint before the UE 120 attempts to communicate using carrier aggregation or frequency hopping. The third indication from the scheduling entity 605 can be a constraint in which explicit frequency components are not permitted to be used for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping. For example, the third indication from the scheduling entity 605 can be a constraint in which explicit frequency components (such as CH5 and CH6) are not permitted to be used for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping.

[0108] As a result, the scheduling entity 605 can constrain or restrict combinations of frequency components that can be carrier aggregated or frequency hopped in various ways, such as by permitting contiguous frequency components, by constraining non-contiguous frequency components, by constraining frequency components separated by greater than or equal to a threshold frequency, by constraining explicit frequency components, and / or the like. By limiting or constraining combinations of frequency components that can be carrier aggregated or frequency hopped in various ways, the UE 120 can improve communications via carrier aggregation or frequency hopping while reducing beamforming performance loss.

[0109] As indicated above, Figure 7 are provided as examples. Other examples can differ from what is described with respect to at least one of the Figure 7 described examples.

[0110] Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating an example process 800 performed, for example, by a UE, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 800 is an example where the UE (e.g., UE 120 and / or the like) performs operations associated with frequency component constraints for carrier aggregation and frequency hopping.

[0111] As indicated above, Figure 8 in some aspects, process 800 can include receiving an indication of a constraint on combinations of frequency components that are permitted to be used for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping by the UE, where the constraint indicates at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping (block 810). For example, the UE (e.g., using receive processor 258, controller / processor 280, memory 282, and / or the like) can receive an indication of a constraint on combinations of frequency components that are permitted to be used for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping by the UE, where the constraint indicates at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping, as described above.

[0112] As further indicated above, Figure 8 in some aspects, process 800 can include communicating based at least in part on the constraint (block 820). For example, the UE (e.g., using receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, controller / processor 280, memory 282, and / or the like) can communicate based at least in part on the constraint, as described above.

[0113] Process 800 can include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

[0114] In a first aspect, the constraint is for combinations of frequency components that are permitted to be used for carrier aggregation by the UE, where the constraint indicates at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation.

[0115] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, the constraint is for combinations of frequency components that are permitted to be used for frequency hopping by the UE, where the constraint indicates at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be used for frequency hopping within a set of time domain resources.

[0116] In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the frequency components include at least one of a component carrier, a occupied bandwidth, a bandwidth part, or a channelization.

[0117] In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, the constraint indicates contiguous frequency components that are permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation.

[0118] In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, the constraint indicates that frequency components having a corresponding frequency that is greater than or equal to a threshold frequency difference are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation.

[0119] In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, process 800 includes transmitting information to assist in determining the constraint.

[0120] In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, the constraint is based at least in part on the information to assist in determining the constraint.

[0121] In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, the information includes an indication of frequency components to be prioritized for grouping or to be de-prioritized to prevent grouping.

[0122] In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, the information includes an indication of at least one of a preferred primary cell, a preferred primary secondary cell, or a preferred secondary cell.

[0123] In the tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to ninth aspects, the information includes an indication of at least one of the number of radio frequency chains for the UE, the number of times the UE can change beam weights in a time slot, or the processing time and waiting time associated with the application receiving beam weights.

[0124] In the eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to tenth aspects, the instruction is received from a base station or integrated access and backhaul node.

[0125] although Figure 8 An example box of process 800 is shown, but in some respects, process 800 may include... Figure 8 The boxes depicted in the diagram are compared to additional boxes, fewer boxes, different boxes, or boxes arranged differently. Additionally or alternatively, two or more boxes in process 800 can be executed in parallel.

[0126] Figure 9 This is a diagram illustrating an example process 900 performed, for example, by a scheduling entity according to this disclosure. Example process 900 is an example in which a scheduling entity (e.g., scheduling entity 605, etc.) performs operations associated with frequency component constraints for carrier aggregation and frequency hopping.

[0127] like Figure 9 As shown, in some aspects, process 900 may include transmitting an indication of a constraint on the combination of frequency components permitted by the UE for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping, wherein the constraint indicates that at least two frequency components are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping (block 910). For example, a scheduling entity (e.g., using transmit processor 220, controller / processor 240, memory 242, etc.) may transmit an indication of a constraint on the combination of frequency components permitted by the UE for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping, wherein the constraint indicates that at least two frequency components are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping, as described above.

[0128] like Figure 9 As further shown, in some aspects, process 900 may include communicating with the UE at least in part based on the constraint (block 920). For example, a scheduling entity (e.g., using receive processor 238, transmit processor 220, controller / processor 240, memory 242, etc.) may communicate with the UE at least in part based on the constraint, as described above.

[0129] Process 900 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in conjunction with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

[0130] In a first aspect, the constraint is for combinations of frequency components that are permitted to be used by the UE for carrier aggregation, where the constraint indicates at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation.

[0131] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, the constraint is for combinations of frequency components that are permitted to be used by the UE for frequency hopping, where the constraint indicates at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be used for frequency hopping within a set of time domain resources.

[0132] In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the frequency components include at least one of component carriers, occupied bandwidths, bandwidth parts, or channelizations.

[0133] In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, the constraint indicates contiguous frequency components that are permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation.

[0134] In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, the constraint indicates that frequency components having a corresponding frequency that is greater than or equal to a threshold frequency difference are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation.

[0135] In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, process 900 includes transmitting information to assist in determining the constraint.

[0136] In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, the constraint is based at least in part on the information to assist in determining the constraint.

[0137] In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, the information includes an indication of frequency components to be prioritized for grouping or to be de-prioritized to prevent grouping.

[0138] In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, the information includes an indication of at least one of a preferred primary cell, a preferred primary secondary cell, or a preferred secondary cell.

[0139] In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, the information includes an indication of at least one of a number of radio frequency chains of the UE, a number of times the UE is able to change beam weights in a slot, or a processing time and latency associated with applying received beam weights.

[0140] In an eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through tenth aspects, the indication is transmitted by a base station or an integrated access and backhaul node.

[0141] Although Figure 9 Example blocks of the process 900 are illustrated, but in some aspects, the process 900 can include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in the figure. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of the process 900 can be performed in parallel. Figure 9

[0142] The following provides an overview of some aspects of the disclosure:

[0143] Aspect 1 : A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising: receiving an indication of a constraint on combinations of frequency components that are permitted to be used by the UE for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping, wherein the constraint indicates at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping; and communicating based at least in part on the constraint.

[0144] Aspect 2: The method of aspect 1, wherein the constraint is for combinations of frequency components that are permitted to be used by the UE for carrier aggregation, wherein the constraint indicates at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation.

[0145] Aspect 3: The method of any of aspects 1 or 2, wherein the constraint is for combinations of frequency components that are permitted to be used by the UE for frequency hopping, wherein the constraint indicates at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be used for frequency hopping within a set of time domain resources.

[0146] Aspect 4: The method of any of aspects 1-3, wherein the frequency components comprise at least one of component carriers, occupied bandwidths, bandwidth parts, or channelizations.

[0147] Aspect 5: The method of any of aspects 1-4, wherein the constraint indicates contiguous frequency components that are permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation.

[0148] Aspect 6: The method of any of aspects 1-5, wherein the constraint indicates that frequency components having a corresponding frequency that is greater than or equal to a threshold frequency difference are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation.

[0149] Aspect 7: The method of any of aspects 1-6, further comprising: transmitting information to assist in determining the constraint.

[0150] Aspect 8: The method of aspect 7, wherein the constraint is based at least in part on the information to assist in determining the constraint.

[0151] Aspect 9: The method of any of aspects 7 or 8, wherein the information comprises an indication of frequency components to be prioritized for grouping or to be de-prioritized to prevent grouping.

[0152] ​Aspect 10: The method of any of aspects 7-9, wherein the information comprises an indication of at least one of a preferred primary cell, a preferred primary secondary cell, or a preferred secondary cell.

[0153] Aspect 11: The method of any of aspects 7-9, wherein the information comprises an indication of at least one of a number of radio frequency chains of the UE, a number of times the UE is able to change beam weights in a slot, or a processing time and latency associated with applying received beam weights.

[0154] Aspect 12: The method of any of aspects 1-11, wherein the indication is received from a base station or an integrated access and backhaul node.

[0155] Aspect 13: A method of wireless communication performed by a scheduling entity, comprising: transmitting an indication of a constraint on combinations of frequency components that are permitted to be used by a user equipment (UE) for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping, wherein the constraint indicates at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping; and communicating with the UE based at least in part on the constraint.

[0156] Aspect 14: The method of aspect 13, wherein the constraint is for combinations of frequency components that are permitted to be used by the UE for carrier aggregation, wherein the constraint indicates at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation.

[0157] Aspect 15: The method of any of aspects 13 or 14, wherein the constraint is for combinations of frequency components that are permitted to be used by the UE for frequency hopping, wherein the constraint indicates at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be used for frequency hopping within a set of time domain resources.

[0158] Aspect 16: The method of any of aspects 13-15, wherein the frequency components comprise at least one of component carriers, occupied bandwidths, bandwidth parts, or channelizations.

[0159] Aspect 17: The method of any of aspects 13-16, wherein the constraint indicates that contiguous frequency components are permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation.

[0160] Aspect 18: The method of any of aspects 13-17, wherein the constraint indicates that frequency components with a corresponding frequency that is greater than or equal to a threshold frequency difference are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation.

[0161] Aspect 19: The method of any of aspects 13-18, further comprising: transmitting information to assist in determining the constraint.

[0162] Aspect 20: The method of aspect 19, wherein the constraint is based at least in part on the information to assist in determining the constraint.

[0163] Aspect 21 : The method of any of aspects 19 or 20, wherein the information comprises an indication of frequency components to be prioritized for grouping or to be de-prioritized to prevent grouping.

[0164] Aspect 22: The method of any of aspects 19-21, wherein the information comprises an indication of at least one of a preferred primary cell, a preferred primary secondary cell, or a preferred secondary cell.

[0165] Aspect 23: The method of any of aspects 19-22, wherein the information comprises an indication of at least one of a number of radio frequency chains of the UE, a number of times the UE is able to change beam weights in a slot, or a processing time and latency associated with applying received beam weights.

[0166] Aspect 24: The method of any of aspects 13-23, wherein the indication is transmitted by a base station or an integrated access and backhaul node.

[0167] Aspect 25: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, comprising a processor; memory coupled with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform the method of one or more of aspects 1-12.

[0168] Aspect 26: A device for wireless communication comprising a memory and one or more processors coupled to the memory, the one or more processors configured to perform the method of one or more of aspects 1-12.

[0169] Aspect 27: A device for wireless communication comprising at least one means for performing the method of one or more of aspects 1-12.

[0170] Aspect 28: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform the method of one or more of aspects 1-12.

[0171] Aspect 29: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the method of one or more of aspects 1-12.

[0172] Aspect 30: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, comprising a processor; memory coupled with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform the method of one or more of aspects 13-24.

[0173] Aspect 31 : A device for wireless communication, comprising memory and one or more processors coupled to the memory, the one or more processors configured to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 13-24.

[0174] Aspect 32 : A device for wireless communication, comprising at least one means for performing the method of one or more of Aspects 13-24.

[0175] Aspect 33 : A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 13-24.

[0176] Aspect 34 : A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 13-24.

[0177] The foregoing disclosure provides explanation and description to enable a thorough understanding of the aspects, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the precise form disclosed. Modifications and variations are possible in light of the above disclosure or can be acquired from practice of the aspects.

[0178] As used herein, the term “component” is intended to be broadly interpreted to encompass hardware and / or a combination of hardware and software. “Software” shall be broadly interpreted to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, and / or functions, among other examples, whether referred to as software or firmware, whether referred to as instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, or in any other way. As used herein, a processor is implemented in hardware and / or a combination of hardware and software. It will be apparent that systems and / or methods described herein can be implemented in different forms of hardware and / or a combination of hardware and software. The actual specialized control hardware or software code used to implement these systems and / or methods is not limiting of the aspects. Thus, the operation and behavior of the systems and / or methods were described herein without reference to specific software code — it is understood that software and hardware can be designed to implement the systems and / or methods based, at least in part, on the description herein.

[0179] As used herein, depending on the context, meeting a threshold can refer to a value being greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, not equal to the threshold, and / or the like.

[0180] Although specific combinations of features are set out in the claims and / or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of various aspects. In fact, many combinations of features can be made without departing from the scope of the disclosure as recited in the claims. Although each dependent claim listed below can stand on its own as a separate disclosure, the disclosure of various aspects includes each dependent claim in combination with every other claim in the set. As used in this document, the conjunction "or" as used in a list of items prefaced by "at least one of’ indicates a disjunctive list such that, for example, a list of "at least one of A, B, or C" means: A or B or C or any combination thereof. As used in this document, the conjunction "or" as used in a list of items prefaced by "one of’ indicates an conjunctive list such that, for example, a list of "one of A, B, or C" means: A or B or C or any combination thereof.

[0181] No element, act, or instruction used herein should be construed as critical or essential unless explicitly described as such. Also, as used herein, the articles "a” and "an” are intended to include one or more items, and can be used interchangeably with "one or more." Furthermore, as used herein, the article "the” is intended to include one or more items, and can be used interchangeably with "the one or more." Also, as used herein, the term "set” and "group” is intended to include one or more items (for example, related items, unrelated items, or a combination of related and unrelated items), and can be used interchangeably with "one or more." Where only one item is intended, the phrase "only one” or similar language is used. Also, as used herein, the terms "has,” "have,” "having,” or the like are intended to be open-ended terms. Further, the phrase "based on" is intended to mean "based, at least in part, on" unless explicitly stated otherwise. Also, as used herein, the term "or" is intended to be inclusive when used in a list of items prefaced by "at least one of’ or "one of’ to indicate at least one of the items but also any combination of one or more of the items, unless the context of use clearly dictates otherwise.

Claims

1. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising: One or more memory units; as well as One or more processors, said one or more processors being coupled to said one or more memories and configured to: Receive an indication of a constraint on the combination of frequency components permitted by the UE for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping, wherein the constraint indication prohibits the combination of at least two frequency components for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping. as well as Communication is based at least in part on the constraints.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the constraint pertains to the combination of frequency components permitted for use by the UE for carrier aggregation, wherein the constraint indicates that the at least two frequency components are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the constraint pertains to the combination of frequency components permitted for use by the UE for frequency hopping, wherein the constraint indicates that the at least two frequency components are not permitted to be used for frequency hopping within a time-domain resource set.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the frequency component includes at least one of component carrier, occupied bandwidth, bandwidth portion, or channelization.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the constraint indication permits adjacent frequency components to be combined for carrier aggregation.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the constraint indicates that frequency components with corresponding frequencies having a frequency difference greater than or equal to a threshold frequency difference are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to transmit information for assisting in determining the constraints.

8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the constraint is based at least in part on the information used to assist in determining the constraint.

9. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the information includes an indication of frequency components to be prioritized for grouping or to be de-prioritized to prevent grouping.

10. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the information includes an indication of at least one of a preferred primary cell, a preferred primary secondary cell, or a preferred secondary cell.

11. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the information includes an indication of at least one of the number of radio frequency chains of the UE, the number of times the UE can change beam weights in a time slot, or the processing time and waiting time associated with the application receiving beam weights.

12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the indication is received from a base station or an integrated access and backhaul node.

13. An apparatus for wireless communication at a scheduling entity, comprising: One or more memory units; as well as One or more processors, said one or more processors being coupled to said one or more memories and configured to: The transmission indicates a constraint on the combination of frequency components permitted for use by a user equipment (UE) for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping, wherein the constraint indicates that the combination is not permitted for at least two frequency components to be used for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping. as well as The communication with the UE is based at least in part on the constraints.

14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the constraint pertains to the combination of frequency components permitted for use by the UE for carrier aggregation, wherein the constraint indicates that the at least two frequency components are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation.

15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the constraint pertains to the combination of frequency components permitted for use by the UE for frequency hopping, wherein the constraint indicates that the at least two frequency components are not permitted to be used for frequency hopping within a time-domain resource set.

16. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the frequency component includes at least one of component carrier, occupied bandwidth, bandwidth portion, or channelization.

17. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the constraint indication permits adjacent frequency components to be combined for carrier aggregation.

18. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the constraint indicates that frequency components with corresponding frequencies having a frequency difference greater than or equal to a threshold frequency difference are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation.

19. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to receive information to assist in determining the constraints.

20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the constraint is based at least in part on the information used to assist in determining the constraint.

21. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the information includes an indication of frequency components to be prioritized for grouping or to be de-prioritized to prevent grouping.

22. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the information includes an indication of at least one of a preferred primary cell, a preferred primary secondary cell, or a preferred secondary cell.

23. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the information includes an indication of at least one of the number of radio frequency chains of the UE, the number of times the UE can change beam weights in a time slot, or the processing time and waiting time associated with the application receiving beam weights.

24. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the indication is transmitted by a base station or an integrated access and backhaul node.

25. A wireless communication method performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising: Receive an indication of a constraint on the combination of frequency components permitted by the UE for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping, wherein the constraint indication prohibits the combination of at least two frequency components for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping. as well as Communication is based at least in part on the constraints.

26. The method of claim 25, wherein the constraint pertains to the combination of frequency components permitted for use by the UE for carrier aggregation, wherein the constraint indicates that the at least two frequency components are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation.

27. The method of claim 25, wherein the constraint is directed to the combination of frequency components permitted to be used by the UE for frequency hopping, wherein the constraint indicates that the at least two frequency components are not permitted to be used for frequency hopping within a time-domain resource set.

28. The method of claim 25, wherein the constraint indication permits adjacent frequency components to be combined for carrier aggregation.

29. A wireless communication method executed by a scheduling entity, comprising: The transmission indicates a constraint on the combination of frequency components permitted for use by a user equipment (UE) for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping, wherein the constraint indicates that the combination is not permitted for at least two frequency components to be used for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping. as well as The communication with the UE is based at least in part on the constraints.

30. The method of claim 29, wherein the constraint pertains to the combination of frequency components permitted for use by the UE for carrier aggregation, wherein the constraint indicates that the at least two frequency components are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation.

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