Single cell and fuel cell
By designing an intake manifold channel that protrudes from the channel wall in the single cell structure of the fuel cell, the pressure loss problem caused by eddy currents at the gas inlet is solved, thereby improving the energy density of the fuel cell.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202310076601.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-01-19
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-12
- Estimated Expiration
- 2043-01-19
AI Technical Summary
In existing technologies, gas forms eddies at the inlet of the gas diffusion channel in fuel cells, resulting in excessive intake pressure loss and reducing the energy density of the fuel cells.
Design a single-cell battery structure in which the first intake manifold channel has a protruding channel wall upstream of the gas inlet, generating eddies through turbulence to reduce pressure loss and ensure that gas smoothly passes through the inlet into the diffusion channel.
By generating vortices before the gas inlet, the intake pressure loss is reduced, and the diffusion and flow capabilities of the gas within the reaction channel are improved, thereby increasing the energy density of the fuel cell.
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Figure CN116207288B_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of battery, in particular to a single battery and fuel cell. BACKGROUND
[0002] There are various types of fuel cells. Proton exchange membrane fuel cell is a high-efficiency energy conversion power generation device that uses hydrogen as the best fuel and converts chemical energy in fuel and oxidant into electrical energy in an electrochemical reaction. It does not pass through the heat engine process and is not limited by the Carnot cycle, and the actual energy conversion efficiency is as high as 50% to 80%. Proton exchange membrane fuel cell is the fifth generation fuel cell developed after alkaline fuel cell, phosphoric acid fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and solid oxide fuel cell. It has the advantages of no pollution, fast start, long service life, high specific power and specific energy, low working temperature, etc., and is recognized as the ideal power source for new energy vehicles to replace internal combustion engines, and can be developed into various portable power sources and distributed independent power sources, with a very wide market.
[0003] Proton exchange membrane fuel cell mainly includes membrane electrode and cathode plate and anode plate located on both sides of the membrane electrode. The membrane electrode is arranged between the cathode plate and the anode plate, and the cathode gas manifold and the anode gas manifold are respectively constructed. The membrane electrode, the cathode plate and the anode plate also respectively form a cathode gas diffusion channel and an anode gas diffusion channel. Among them, the cathode gas manifold is in communication with the cathode gas diffusion channel and is disconnected with the anode gas diffusion channel; the anode gas manifold is in communication with the anode gas diffusion channel and is disconnected with the cathode gas diffusion channel. In the prior art, vortex flow will be formed at the inlet of the cathode gas diffusion channel or the anode gas diffusion channel, which will cause the inlet pressure loss, and then reduce the flowability and diffusivity of the cathode gas or the anode gas in the reaction zone, and finally reduce the energy density of the fuel cell. SUMMARY
[0004] The present application provides a single battery and fuel cell, which aims to solve the technical problem that in the prior art, vortex flow will be formed at the inlet of the gas diffusion channel, which will cause the inlet pressure loss.
[0005] The present application provides a single battery, which comprises:
[0006] A first polar plate, the first polar plate has a first gas inlet manifold hole;
[0007] A second polar plate, the second polar plate has a first gas inlet manifold channel; and
[0008] a membrane electrode disposed between the first and second plates, the membrane electrode having a second gas manifold channel;
[0009] wherein the first gas manifold channel, the second gas manifold channel and the first gas manifold hole construct a first gas manifold to direct a first gas into the first gas diffusion channel; the first gas manifold channel has a first channel wall protruding from the first gas inlet in a projection plane perpendicular to a direction of an axial direction of the first gas manifold.
[0010] Optionally, the first gas manifold channel is upstream of the first gas manifold hole in a flow direction of the first gas.
[0011] Optionally, the second gas manifold channel is flush with the first gas inlet in a projection plane perpendicular to a direction of an axial direction of the second gas manifold.
[0012] Optionally, the first gas manifold hole and the first gas manifold channel are coaxially arranged, and a cross-sectional area of the first gas manifold hole is larger than a cross-sectional area of the first gas manifold channel.
[0013] Optionally, the first plate further has a third gas manifold channel spaced apart from the first gas manifold hole;
[0014] the membrane electrode further has a fourth gas manifold channel in communication with the third gas manifold channel;
[0015] the second plate has a second gas manifold hole spaced apart from the first gas manifold channel; the membrane electrode and the second plate construct a second gas diffusion channel having a second gas inlet in communication with the second gas manifold hole; the second gas manifold hole, the third gas manifold channel and the fourth gas manifold channel construct a second gas manifold to direct a second gas into the second gas diffusion channel;
[0016] the third gas manifold channel has a second channel wall protruding from the second gas inlet in a projection plane perpendicular to a direction of an axial direction of the second gas manifold.
[0017] Optionally, the third gas manifold channel is upstream of the second gas manifold hole in a flow direction of the second gas.
[0018] Optionally, the first channel wall has a top surface away from the first gas inlet in a projection plane perpendicular to the axial direction of the first gas inlet manifold, the top surface is spaced apart from the first gas inlet by a convex height of the first channel wall; the convex height is greater than or equal to one fifth of the first gas inlet manifold orifice diameter.
[0019] Optionally, the top surface has a plurality of wave crests and a plurality of wave troughs, the plurality of wave crests are formed by bending towards the first gas inlet manifold, and the plurality of wave troughs are formed by bending away from the first gas inlet manifold; wherein two adjacent wave crests are connected by a wave trough.
[0020] Optionally, the first channel wall has a windward surface, the windward surface is provided as a slope surface; the first channel wall further has a leeward surface opposite to the windward surface, and the slope angle of the leeward surface is greater than the slope angle of the windward surface.
[0021] The embodiment of the present application also provides a fuel cell, comprising a plurality of single cells as described above.
[0022] The inventor found through simulation that, in the prior art structure, the vortex of the gas is formed at the gas inlet due to the low pressure at the gas inlet, which leads to excessive pressure loss. In the structure of the embodiment of the present application, the first gas inlet manifold channel has a first channel wall protruding from the first gas inlet. When the reaction gas passes through the first channel wall, the first channel wall generates turbulence, and then the vortex is generated at the back side of the first channel wall due to the low pressure at the back side of the first channel wall. The vortex is generated at the front side of the first gas inlet, rather than at the first gas inlet. The first gas has a certain tangential velocity due to the vortex, so that the first gas can smoothly pass through the first gas inlet and enter the first gas diffusion channel, thereby reducing the pressure loss and improving the diffusion and flow capacity of the first gas in the reaction channel, which is beneficial to improve the energy density of the fuel cell. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed in the embodiment description will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.
[0024] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a flow field of a reaction gas in the prior art;
[0025] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a single cell according to the embodiment of the present application;
[0026] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the flow field of the reaction gas in the fuel cell using the single cell proposed in the application;
[0027] Figure 4 is another structural schematic diagram of the single cell proposed in the embodiment of the application;
[0028] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the first polar plate of the single cell proposed in the embodiment of the application;
[0029] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the second polar plate of the single cell proposed in the embodiment of the application;
[0030] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the membrane electrode of the single cell proposed in the embodiment of the application;
[0031] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the projection relationship between the first inlet manifold hole and the first inlet manifold channel in the embodiment of the application;
[0032] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first channel wall when it is developed along the circumference in the embodiment of the application;
[0033] Figure 10 is still another structural schematic diagram of the single cell proposed in the embodiment of the application.
[0034] List of reference signs
[0035] 10 Single cell 200a-1a Peak 100 First electrode plate 200a-1b Valley 200 Second electrode plate 200a-1c Windward face 300 Membrane electrode 200a-1d Leeward face 100a First intake manifold hole 200b Second intake manifold hole 100b Third intake manifold passage 300a Second intake manifold passage 100b-1 Second passage wall 300b Fourth intake manifold passage 200a First intake manifold passage O1 First gas inlet 200a-1 First passage wall O2 Second gas inlet DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0036] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the application, rather than all the embodiments of the application. Based on the embodiments in the application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the application.
[0037] In the description of the present application, it needs to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element indicated must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second" are only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined with "first", "second" can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.
[0038] In this application, the word "exemplary" is used to mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration." Any implementation described as exemplary in this application is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other implementations. The following description is presented to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use the application. In the following description, for purposes of explanation, specific details are set forth. It is apparent to those skilled in the art that the present application can be practiced without using these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and processes are not elaborated in order not to obscure the description of the present application with unnecessary details. Thus, the present application is not intended to be limited by the embodiments shown, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and features disclosed herein.
[0039] The proton exchange membrane fuel cell includes a plurality of single cells. Generally speaking, Figure 1 As shown, the single cell includes a membrane electrode, a first polar plate and a second polar plate. Among them, the membrane electrode is combined with the first polar plate and the second polar plate to form a single cell. Figure 1As shown, one of the first and second polar plates is an anode plate 100', and the other is a cathode plate 200'. A membrane electrode 300' is arranged between the first and second polar plates. Taking the example of the first polar plate being the anode plate and the second polar plate being the cathode plate, the first polar plate and the membrane electrode define a communicating anode gas diffusion channel and an anode gas reaction channel. The second polar plate and the membrane electrode define a communicating cathode gas diffusion channel and a cathode gas reaction channel. The first polar plate, the membrane electrode and the second polar plate jointly form an anode gas manifold, which is in communication with the inlet of the anode gas diffusion channel but not in communication with the cathode gas diffusion channel and the cathode gas reaction channel. The first polar plate, the membrane electrode and the second polar plate jointly form a cathode gas manifold, which is in communication with the inlet of the cathode gas diffusion channel but not in communication with the anode gas diffusion channel and the anode gas reaction channel.
[0040] The inlet pressure of the anode gas in the anode gas diffusion channel is crucial to the diffusion and flow of the anode gas in the anode gas reaction channel. The inlet pressure of the cathode gas in the cathode gas diffusion channel is crucial to the diffusion and flow of the cathode gas in the cathode gas reaction channel. However, in the prior art, the anode gas generates vortex flow when passing through the inlet of the anode gas diffusion channel from the anode gas manifold, resulting in a large pressure loss at this time; the cathode gas generates vortex flow when passing through the inlet of the cathode gas diffusion channel from the cathode gas manifold, resulting in a large pressure loss at this time. Therefore, in the structure of the prior art, the gas generates vortex flow at the gas inlet, resulting in a large loss of gas inlet pressure, which in turn reduces the diffusion and flow capacity in the reaction channel and reduces the energy density of the fuel cell.
[0041] To overcome this technical problem, the inventors have proposed, after a large number of analyses, a single cell 10 according to an embodiment of the present application. The inventors have improved the structure of the manifold channel to make the vortex flow of the gas occur on the upstream side of the gas inlet, so that the vortex flow does not occur at the inlet, and the tangential velocity of the gas when it is in vortex flow is used to make the gas flow smoothly through the gas inlet and reduce the loss of inlet pressure. Specifically, as shown in the drawings, the single cell 10 comprises: Figure 2
[0042] a first polar plate 100 having a first gas inlet manifold hole 100a;
[0043] a second polar plate 200 having a first gas inlet manifold channel 200a; and
[0044] A membrane electrode 300 is arranged between the first plate 100 and the second plate 200, and has a second gas inlet manifold channel 300a; the membrane electrode 300 and the first plate 100 form a first gas diffusion channel having a first gas inlet O1 communicating with the first gas inlet manifold hole 100a;
[0045] The first gas inlet manifold channel 200a has a first channel wall 200a-1 protruding from the first gas inlet O1 in a projection plane perpendicular to the axial direction of the first gas inlet manifold.
[0046] The inventor found through simulation that, in the prior structure, the vortex of the gas is formed at the gas inlet due to the low pressure at the gas inlet, which results in excessive pressure loss. In the structure of the present application, the first gas inlet manifold channel 200a has a first channel wall 200a-1 protruding from the first gas inlet O1, and the first channel wall 200a-1 generates turbulence when the reaction gas passes through it, and then generates a vortex at the back side of the first channel wall 200a-1 due to the low pressure at the back side of the first channel wall 200a-1, which is in front of the first gas inlet O1, and does not occur at the first gas inlet O1. The first gas has a certain tangential velocity due to the vortex, which enables the first gas to smoothly pass through the first gas inlet O1 and enter the first gas diffusion channel, thereby reducing the pressure loss and improving the diffusion and flow capacity of the first gas in its reaction channel, which is beneficial to improve the energy density of the fuel cell.
[0047] It should be noted that, if the first plate 100 is a cathode plate, the second plate 200 is an anode plate, and the first gas is oxygen (air); if the first plate 100 is an anode plate, the second plate 200 is a cathode plate, and the first gas is hydrogen.
[0048] The stack comprises a plurality of single cells 10. The single cell 10 has a thickness direction. The plurality of single cells 10 are stacked along the thickness direction to form the stack. In some embodiments, in the same single cell 10, the first gas inlet manifold channel 200a can be located upstream of the first gas inlet manifold hole 100a. In other embodiments, in two adjacent single cells 10, the first gas inlet manifold hole 100a of the single cell 10 located downstream is downstream of the first gas inlet manifold channel 200a of the single cell 10 located upstream, and the vortex can also be formed upstream of the first gas inlet manifold hole 100a of the single cell 10 located downstream.
[0049] In the technical solution of the present application, in order to facilitate the convenience of gas inlet and improve the accuracy of assembly. As an optional implementation of the above embodiment, as shown in the figure, the first gas inlet manifold channel 200a is located upstream of the first gas inlet manifold hole 100a in the flow direction of the first gas. The flow direction refers to the flow direction of the first gas in the first gas inlet manifold, which can be understood as parallel to the axial direction of the first gas inlet manifold. The first gas inlet manifold channel 200a is located upstream of the first gas inlet manifold hole 100a, which facilitates the generation of a vortex in the single cell 10 itself. Figure 3
[0050] As an optional implementation of the above embodiment, in the projection plane perpendicular to the axial direction of the first gas inlet manifold, the second gas inlet manifold channel 300a is flush with the first gas inlet O1. Taking the same single cell 10 as an example, the second gas inlet manifold channel 300a is downstream of the first gas inlet manifold channel 200a, and the first gas inlet manifold hole 100a is downstream of the second gas inlet manifold channel. The second gas inlet manifold channel 300a is flush with the first gas inlet O1, which is mainly to avoid generating a vortex downstream of the second gas inlet manifold channel 300a (at the first gas inlet manifold hole 100a), but to form a vortex between the first gas inlet manifold channel 200a and the second gas inlet manifold channel 300a, so as to facilitate the smooth passage of the first gas through the first gas inlet O1. For example, in some embodiments, the first gas inlet manifold hole 100a and the second gas inlet manifold channel 300a are coaxially arranged; the cross-sectional shape and cross-sectional area of the first gas inlet manifold hole 100a and the second gas inlet manifold channel 300a are the same.
[0051] In the technical solution of the embodiments of the present application, in order to facilitate the identification of the first gas inlet manifold hole 100a, the second gas inlet manifold channel 300a and the first gas inlet manifold channel 200a on the first polar plate 100, the membrane electrode 300 and the second polar plate 200, the cross-sectional shape of the three is usually the same.
[0052] In some embodiments, the first intake manifold hole 100a and the first intake manifold passage 200a are coaxially arranged, and the cross-sectional area of the first intake manifold hole 100a is greater than that of the first intake manifold passage 200a. In a specific implementation, the first intake manifold hole 100a and the first intake manifold passage 200a are arranged in the same cross-sectional shape, and the cross-sectional area of the first intake manifold hole 100a is greater than that of the first intake manifold passage 200a. At this time, in a projection plane perpendicular to the axial direction of the first intake manifold, the first intake manifold passage 200a has a first passage wall 200a-1 protruding from the first gas inlet O1.
[0053] In addition, in some other embodiments, the first intake manifold passage 200a has two passage walls, one of which is the first passage wall 200a-1, and the other passage wall coincides with the hole wall of the first intake manifold hole 100a in the projection plane perpendicular to the axial direction of the first intake manifold, and the first passage wall 200a-1 protrudes into the first intake manifold, as shown in Figure 8
[0054] In an embodiment, the two sides of the membrane electrode 300 are oxygen (air) passages and hydrogen passages, respectively. Therefore, further, in combination with Figure 2 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 shown, as an optional implementation of the above embodiment, the first polar plate 100 further has a third intake manifold passage 100b arranged in a spaced manner with the first intake manifold hole 100a; the membrane electrode 300 further has a fourth intake manifold passage 300b in communication with the third intake manifold passage 100b; the second polar plate 200 has a second intake manifold hole 200b arranged in a spaced manner with the first intake manifold passage 200a; the membrane electrode 300 and the second polar plate 200 form a second gas diffusion passage, which has a second gas inlet O2 in communication with the second intake manifold hole 200b; the second intake manifold hole 200b, the third intake manifold passage 100b and the fourth intake manifold passage 300b form a second intake manifold for guiding a second gas into the second gas diffusion passage; in a projection plane perpendicular to the axial direction of the second intake manifold, the third intake manifold passage 100b has a second passage wall 100b-1 protruding from the second gas inlet O2.
[0055] In the structure of the embodiment, the second intake manifold channel 300a has a second channel wall 100b-1 protruding from the second gas inlet O2. When the second gas passes through the second channel wall 100b-1, the second gas is affected by the second channel wall 100b-1 and generates turbulence. After passing through the second channel wall 100b-1, the rear side of the second channel wall 100b-1 belongs to a low pressure area, and thus vortex is generated. The vortex is brought to the front side of the second gas inlet O2, and does not occur at the first gas inlet O1. The second gas has a certain tangential velocity due to the vortex, and thus the second gas can smoothly pass through the gas inlet and enter the second gas diffusion channel, so as to reduce the pressure loss, and thus the diffusion capacity and flow capacity of the second gas in the reaction channel thereof are improved, which is beneficial to improving the energy density of the fuel cell.
[0056] In the embodiment, the first gas is oxygen or air, and the second gas is hydrogen; or the first gas is hydrogen, and the second gas is oxygen or air. In the embodiment, the flow directions of the first gas and the second gas in the respective manifolds can be co-flow or counter-flow; the specific flow direction is mainly set according to the performance requirements of the fuel cell, and is not limited herein.
[0057] As an optional implementation of the above embodiment, the third intake manifold channel 100b is located upstream of the second intake manifold hole 200b in the flow direction of the second gas. The flow direction refers to the flow direction of the second gas in the second intake manifold, which can be understood as parallel to the axial direction of the second intake manifold. The second intake manifold channel 300a is located upstream of the second intake manifold hole 200b, so as to facilitate the generation of vortex in the single cell 10.
[0058] As an optional implementation of the above embodiment, in a projection plane perpendicular to the axial direction of the first intake manifold, the first channel wall 200a-1 has a top surface away from the first gas inlet O1, and the distance between the top surface and the first gas inlet O1 is the protruding height H1 of the first channel wall 200a-1; the protruding height is greater than or equal to one fifth of the caliber H2 of the first intake manifold hole 100a. In the embodiment, the caliber of the first intake manifold hole 100a can be understood as the maximum cross-sectional dimension of the first intake manifold hole 100a; for example, if the cross-sectional shape of the first intake manifold hole 100a is rectangular, the caliber of the first intake manifold hole 100a is the length thereof; if the cross-sectional shape of the first intake manifold hole 100a is circular, the caliber of the first intake manifold hole 100a is the diameter thereof. It is found through research that the protruding height of the first channel wall 200a-1 is greater than or equal to one fifth of the caliber of the first intake manifold hole 100a, which is mainly to facilitate the formation of vortex at the first gas inlet O1.
[0059] As an optional implementation of the above embodiment, Figure 9 As shown, the top surface has a plurality of wave crests 200a-1a and a plurality of wave troughs 200a-1b, the plurality of wave crests 200a-1a are curved inwardly towards the first intake manifold, and the plurality of wave troughs 200a-1b are curved away from the first intake manifold; wherein two adjacent wave crests 200a-1a are connected by a wave trough 200a-1b. That is, in the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the top surface is in a wavy form: when the first gas passes through the first passage wall 200a-1, due to the different flow rates at the wave crests 200a-1a and the wave troughs 200a-1b, a certain flow rate difference is formed, which is conducive to the early generation of vortex at the first gas inlet O1. Generally, the wave crests 200a-1a and the wave troughs 200a-1b are like Figure 9 As shown. The wave crests 200a-1a and the wave troughs 200a-1b can be circular arc surfaces, elliptical arc surfaces, sinusoidal surfaces, etc.
[0060] In some embodiments, if the top surface is in a wavy state, the protruding height of the top surface can be defined as the height of the wave trough 200a-1b from the first gas inlet O1. Generally, the protruding height of each wave trough 200a-1b is greater than or equal to 1 / 5 of the caliber of the first intake manifold hole 100a. At the same time, in order to reduce the influence of the first passage wall 200a-1 on the flow of the first gas in the first intake manifold, in the technical solution of the present application, the difference between the protruding height of each wave crest 200a-1a and the protruding height of the wave trough 200a-1b adjacent to it is greater than or equal to 1 / 20 of the protruding height of the wave trough 200a-1b and less than or equal to 1 / 10 of the protruding height of the wave trough 200a-1b.
[0061] In some embodiments, Figure 10 As shown, the first passage wall 200a-1 has a leeward surface 200a-1d and a windward surface 200a-1c arranged opposite in the flow direction of the first gas. In order to make the first gas flow smoothly through the cross section where the first passage wall 200a-1 is located, the windward surface 200a-1c of the first passage wall 200a-1 is arranged as a slope surface to reduce the pressure loss caused by the sudden change of the cross section. In order to make the first gas form a vortex after passing through the first passage wall 200a-1, the slope angle of the leeward surface 200a-1d of the first passage wall 200a-1 is greater than the slope angle of the windward surface 200a-1c. For example, in some embodiments, the slope of the leeward surface 200a-1d is close to 90°.
[0062] The embodiment of the present application also provides a fuel cell, comprising a plurality of the single cell 10 as described above. The cell single adopts part of the technical solutions or all of the technical solutions of the above-mentioned embodiments, so that the fuel cell has part of the technical advantages or all of the technical advantages of the above-mentioned embodiments, which will not be repeated here. In the embodiments, it is necessary to point out that the number of the cell single is specifically set according to actual needs, and is not specifically limited in the embodiments of the present application. The first gas inlets of the plurality of cell singles are communicated, and are used for flowing the first gas. The second gas inlets of the plurality of cell singles are communicated, and are used for flowing the second gas. The first gas inlet of the first gas diffusion channel of each cell single is communicated with the first gas inlet O1 of each cell single, so as to provide the first gas for each cell single. The second gas inlet of the second gas diffusion channel of each cell single is communicated with the second gas inlet O2 of each cell single, so as to provide the second gas for each cell single.
[0063] In the embodiments, referring to Fig. 1 specifically, Figure 3 The upstream position of the first gas inlet O1 of the first diffusion channel of each cell single is formed into a vortex, so that each first gas inlet O1 has a tangential velocity when flowing in a spiral flow, and smoothly enters into each first gas diffusion channel, thereby reducing the gas inlet pressure loss to improve the flow capacity and diffusion capacity of the first gas in the first gas diffusion channel. Similarly, the upstream position of the second gas inlet O2 of the second diffusion channel of each cell single is formed into a vortex, so that each second gas inlet O2 has a tangential velocity when flowing in a spiral flow, and smoothly enters into each second gas diffusion channel, thereby reducing the gas inlet pressure loss to improve the flow capacity and diffusion capacity of the second gas in the second gas diffusion channel.
[0064] The single cell and the fuel cell provided by the embodiments of the present application are described in detail above, and the principles and implementation manners of the present application are described by using specific examples in the present application. The above description of the embodiments is only used to help understand the method of the present application and the core idea thereof; meanwhile, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present application, the specific implementation manners and application ranges will be changed, and the above description should not be understood as the limitation of the present application.
Claims
1. A single cell, characterized by, The application relates to a single cell of a fuel cell, comprising: a first polar plate having a first gas inlet manifold hole; a second polar plate having a first gas inlet manifold channel; and a membrane electrode disposed between the first polar plate and the second polar plate, the membrane electrode having a second gas inlet manifold channel; the membrane electrode and the first polar plate form a first gas diffusion channel having a first gas inlet communicating with the first gas inlet manifold hole; wherein the first gas inlet manifold channel, the second gas inlet manifold channel and the first gas inlet manifold hole form a first gas inlet manifold for guiding a first gas into the first gas diffusion channel; the first gas inlet manifold channel has a first channel wall protruding from the first gas inlet in a projection plane perpendicular to the axial direction of the first gas inlet manifold; the first gas inlet manifold channel is upstream of the first gas inlet manifold hole in the flow direction of the first gas; the second gas inlet manifold channel is flush with the first gas inlet in a projection plane perpendicular to the axial direction of the second gas inlet manifold; the first channel wall has a top surface away from the first gas inlet in a projection plane perpendicular to the axial direction of the first gas inlet manifold, the distance between the top surface and the first gas inlet is a protruding height of the first channel wall; the protruding height is greater than or equal to one fifth of the diameter of the first gas inlet manifold hole; the first channel wall has a windward surface arranged as a slope surface; the first channel wall also has a leeward surface arranged opposite to the windward surface, the slope angle of the leeward surface is greater than the slope angle of the windward surface.
2. The unit cell of claim 1, wherein, The first gas inlet manifold hole and the first gas inlet manifold channel are coaxially arranged, the cross-sectional area of the first gas inlet manifold hole is greater than that of the first gas inlet manifold channel.
3. The unit cell of claim 1, wherein, The first polar plate further has a third gas inlet manifold channel spaced apart from the first gas inlet manifold hole; The membrane electrode further has a fourth gas inlet manifold channel communicating with the third gas inlet manifold channel; The second polar plate has a second gas inlet manifold hole spaced apart from the first gas inlet manifold channel; the membrane electrode and the second polar plate form a second gas diffusion channel having a second gas inlet communicating with the second gas inlet manifold hole; the second gas inlet manifold hole, the third gas inlet manifold channel and the fourth gas inlet manifold channel form a second gas inlet manifold for guiding a second gas into the second gas diffusion channel; The third gas inlet manifold channel has a second channel wall protruding from the second gas inlet in a projection plane perpendicular to the axial direction of the second gas inlet manifold.
4. The unit cell of claim 3, wherein, The third gas inlet manifold channel is upstream of the second gas inlet manifold hole in the flow direction of the second gas.
5. The cell of claim 1 wherein, The top surface has a plurality of wave crests and a plurality of wave troughs, the wave crests are curved towards the first gas inlet manifold, and the wave troughs are curved away from the first gas inlet manifold; wherein two adjacent wave crests are connected by a wave trough.
6. A fuel cell comprising: A plurality of single cells as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Fuel cell
CN218123455U
KR20220080786A