Vehicle cooperation based seamless switching method, device and system for vehicle internet of things edge computing

Abstract

The application provides a seamless switching method, device and system for vehicle networking edge computing based on vehicle cooperation. The method comprises the following steps: after receiving a switching request signaling, selecting a transfer cooperation vehicle according to context information periodically sent by a vehicle; sending signaling to the switching vehicle, the transfer cooperation vehicle and an original RSU respectively, so that the switching vehicle, the transfer cooperation vehicle and the original RSU build a temporary communication network after receiving corresponding signaling, and the temporary communication network is used for transmitting service data when the switching vehicle performs switching; and after the switching vehicle and a new RSU establish a connection to build a communication network, the temporary communication network is cancelled, so that the switching vehicle interacts with the edge system through the new RSU to obtain edge system services. The application realizes switching of vehicles in and between edge systems, and the real-time service is not interrupted during the switching process, which is a seamless switching scheme.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of edge computing for vehicle-to-everything (V2X) networks, and more particularly to a seamless switching method, apparatus, and system for V2X edge computing based on vehicle collaboration. Background Technology

[0002] In vehicle edge computing, edge computing systems, as an extension of cloud computing systems, are deployed close to vehicles, resulting in lower data transmission latency and lower data traffic compared to cloud computing. This enables them to provide low-latency services for fast-moving smart cars.

[0003] Intelligent vehicles need continuous access to edge networks to obtain services provided by edge systems. However, the coverage of roadside units (RSUs) is limited, and vehicles need to perform network switching while moving. In existing technologies, the traditional switching method generally involves disconnecting the old network and then connecting to the new network. This method inevitably results in network outages, which may lead to data loss, discontinuous service access, and other problems, thus affecting the user experience. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention proposes a seamless switching method, device, and system for edge computing in vehicle-to-everything (V2X) networks based on vehicle collaboration, in order to solve or at least partially solve the technical problems of data loss and discontinuous service access for vehicles in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the first aspect of the present invention provides a seamless switching method for edge computing in vehicle-to-everything (V2X) networks based on vehicle cooperation, comprising:

[0006] Upon receiving a handover request signaling, a transfer vehicle is selected based on the context information periodically sent by the vehicle, wherein the handover request signaling is generated by the vehicle to be switched.

[0007] Signaling is sent to the switching vehicle, the transfer vehicle, and the original RSU respectively, so that the switching vehicle, the transfer vehicle, and the original RSU can establish a temporary communication network after receiving the corresponding signaling. The established temporary communication network is used to transmit service data when the switching vehicle performs the handover.

[0008] Once the switching vehicle establishes a connection with the new RSU and sets up a communication network, the temporary communication network is removed, allowing the switching vehicle to interact with the edge system through the new RSU and obtain edge system services.

[0009] In one embodiment, the switching vehicle includes an onboard information acquisition module, a microprocessor, and a wireless communication module. Before receiving the switching request signaling sent by the switching vehicle, the method further includes:

[0010] The signal strength of the original RSU is measured periodically by the vehicle information acquisition module. When the signal strength of the original RSU is detected to be less than the threshold, the signal strength of the new RSU is measured. If the signal strength of the new RSU is greater than the threshold, the microprocessor generates a handover request signaling.

[0011] The handover request signaling is sent to the edge system via the wireless communication module.

[0012] In one implementation, upon receiving a handover request signaling, a transfer cooperation vehicle is selected based on context information periodically sent by the vehicle, including:

[0013] Based on the context information periodically sent by the vehicle, the communication quality between the switching vehicle and its neighboring vehicles is calculated, where the communication quality is determined by the average distance difference between the switching vehicle and the candidate vehicle during the vehicle switching process.

[0014] Based on the quotient of the sum of the distance differences between the switching vehicle and the candidate vehicle at each moment during the time period from the start of the switching to the completion of the switching, and the switching completion time of the switching vehicle, the candidate vehicle is selected as the transfer cooperation vehicle.

[0015] In one implementation, signaling is sent to the switching vehicle, the transfer vehicle, and the original RSU respectively, so that the switching vehicle, the transfer vehicle, and the original RSU establish a temporary communication network after receiving the corresponding signaling, including:

[0016] The edge system's area controller sends a handover request response signaling HRsp, a cooperation instruction signaling HAReq, and a cooperation communication process initiation signaling HTra to the handover vehicle, the transfer cooperation vehicle, and the original RSU, respectively. HRsp contains the Service Provider Identifier (PSID) for identifying the application service provider and instructing the handover vehicle to prepare for communication. HAReq instructs the transfer cooperation vehicle to cooperate with the handover vehicle. HTra instructs the original RSU to establish a tunnel between itself and the transfer cooperation vehicle for data packets addressing the handover vehicle.

[0017] When the original RSU receives the HTra signaling, it establishes a tunnel between the original RSU and the relay cooperating vehicle. The original RSU encapsulates the data sent by the edge server to address the handover vehicle into a data packet and sends it to the relay cooperating vehicle. The relay cooperating vehicle decapsulates the received data packet, extracts the content of the data packet, and then encapsulates it in a WSM data packet and sends it to the handover vehicle. The WSM data packet is a WAVE short message, a short message in WAVE format, which is distinguished by PSID and distributed accordingly.

[0018] When the relay vehicle receives the HARep signaling, it establishes a tunnel between itself and the handover vehicle to forward data packets. When the handover vehicle receives the HRsp signaling, it encapsulates the data packets destined for the edge server into WSM data packets according to the PSID and sends them to the edge server through the relay vehicle, and performs RSU handover.

[0019] In one implementation, after establishing a temporary communication network, the method further includes:

[0020] Determine whether the new RSU and the original RSU are located in the same edge system;

[0021] If the new RSU and the original RSU are located in the same edge system, after the switching vehicle establishes a connection with the new RSU, if the switching vehicle reconfigures its IP address, a duplicate address check is first performed on the new IP address. The switching vehicle then communicates with the new RSU and sends an IP address update signaling message to the edge server. Upon receiving the IP address update signaling message, the edge server sends an update confirmation signaling message IPUpd to the switching vehicle. IPUpd contains the source IP address and the new IP address that passed the duplicate address check. If the IP address has not changed, the area controller of the edge system sends the IP address of the new RSU to the edge server to ensure communication between the edge server and the switching vehicle.

[0022] If the new RSU and the original RSU are not located in the same edge system, after the switching vehicle establishes a connection with the new RSU, the switching vehicle maintains a connection with the relay vehicle. If the switching vehicle reconfigures its IP address, it first performs a duplicate address check on the new IP address. The switching vehicle sends an IP address update signaling IPUpd to the new edge server through the new RSU, and sends the IP address update signaling IPUpd to the edge server of the original edge system through the tunnel between the switching vehicle and the relay vehicle and the tunnel between the relay vehicle and the original RSU. The IPUpd contains the source IP address and the new IP address that has passed the duplicate address check. After receiving the IP address update signaling IPUpd, the edge server sends an update confirmation signaling to the switching vehicle.

[0023] If the IP address has not changed, the area controller of the new edge system will assign the IP address of the new RSU to the edge server of the new edge system to ensure communication between the edge server of the new edge system and the switched vehicle.

[0024] In one implementation, when the new RSU and the original RSU are located in the same edge system, the method further includes:

[0025] The vehicle being switched sends a switchover completion notification signal to the edge system controller.

[0026] The edge system's area controller sends a handover termination instruction signaling (HEnd) to the transfer vehicle and the original RSU to notify the transfer vehicle to stop forwarding data packets and the original RSU to stop tunneling data packets to the transfer vehicle.

[0027] In one implementation, when the new RSU and the original RSU are not located in the same edge system, the method further includes:

[0028] The switching vehicle sends a cached data transmission instruction signaling to the original edge system controller through the tunnel between the switching vehicle and the transfer vehicle and the original RSU, instructing the edge server of the original edge system to send the cached data to the switching vehicle through the tunnel.

[0029] After the edge server of the original edge system finishes sending the cached data of the switching vehicle, it sends a cached data transmission completion notification signal to the switching vehicle, so that the switching vehicle can send a switching completion notification signal to the area controller of the original edge system after receiving this signal.

[0030] The original edge system's area controller sends a handover termination instruction signaling to the transfer cooperating vehicle and the original RSU to notify the transfer cooperating vehicle to stop forwarding data packets, and the original RSU will no longer communicate with the handover vehicle thereafter.

[0031] Based on the same inventive concept, a second aspect of the present invention provides a seamless switching device for vehicle-to-everything (V2X) edge computing based on vehicle collaboration, comprising:

[0032] The transit vehicle selection module is used to select a transit vehicle based on the context information periodically sent by the vehicle after receiving a handover request signaling, wherein the handover request signaling is generated by the vehicle to be switched.

[0033] The temporary communication network construction module is used to send signaling to the switching vehicle, the transfer cooperation vehicle and the original RSU respectively, so that the switching vehicle, the transfer cooperation vehicle and the original RSU can build a temporary communication network after receiving the corresponding signaling. The built temporary communication network is used to transmit service data when the switching vehicle performs the handover.

[0034] The temporary communication network cancellation module is used to cancel the temporary communication network after the switching vehicle establishes a connection with the new RSU and sets up a communication network, so that the switching vehicle can interact with the edge system through the new RSU and obtain edge system services.

[0035] Based on the same inventive concept, the third aspect of the present invention provides a seamless switching system for vehicle-to-everything (V2X) edge computing based on vehicle collaboration, comprising the seamless switching device for V2X edge computing based on vehicle collaboration described in the second aspect, an edge server, a vehicle, and an RSU, wherein the seamless switching device for V2X edge computing based on vehicle collaboration is a region controller, the edge server is a computing resource provider within the edge system for performing computing tasks, and the RSU is used to provide data transmission and reception services for the vehicle.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and beneficial technical effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0037] The present invention proposes a seamless handover method for vehicle-to-everything (V2X) edge computing based on vehicle collaboration. Upon receiving a handover request signaling, a relay cooperating vehicle is selected based on context information periodically sent by the vehicle. Signaling is then sent to the handover vehicle, the relay cooperating vehicle, and the original RSU to establish a temporary communication network. This temporary communication network is used to transmit service data during the handover process. This method enables uninterrupted communication and edge computing services during RSU handover and edge computing system handover, achieving seamless handover of V2X edge computing and solving the technical problems of data loss and discontinuous service access for vehicles in existing technologies. Attached Figure Description

[0038] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a temporary communication network constructed according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 This is a timing diagram of RSU handover within the edge system in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 3 This is a timing diagram of RSU handover between edge systems in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 4 This is an architecture diagram of a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) edge computing seamless switching system based on vehicle collaboration, as described in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The purpose of this invention is to provide a switching optimization scheme based on multiple communication modes. By utilizing vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication and vehicle-to-edge infrastructure (V2I) communication, starting from the overall performance of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) edge computing, different communication methods are used to enable vehicles to maintain communication with the server during RSU switching and edge computing switching, thereby obtaining continuous services from the edge computing system.

[0044] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] This invention provides a seamless switching method for vehicle-to-everything (V2X) edge computing based on vehicle collaboration, including:

[0047] Upon receiving a handover request signaling, a transfer vehicle is selected based on the context information periodically sent by the vehicle, wherein the handover request signaling is generated by the vehicle to be switched.

[0048] Signaling is sent to the switching vehicle, the transfer vehicle, and the original RSU respectively, so that the switching vehicle, the transfer vehicle, and the original RSU can establish a temporary communication network after receiving the corresponding signaling. The established temporary communication network is used to transmit service data when the switching vehicle performs the handover.

[0049] Once the switching vehicle establishes a connection with the new RSU and sets up a communication network, the temporary communication network is removed, allowing the switching vehicle to interact with the edge system through the new RSU and obtain edge system services.

[0050] In practical implementation, the seamless handover method provided by this invention is based on the existing communication technology infrastructure, and the components and equipment involved include vehicles (intelligent cars), RSUs, area controllers, and edge servers, with the following functions:

[0051] Intelligent vehicles: Intelligent vehicles, equipped with connectivity and computing capabilities, provide basic hardware environments such as CPUs and memory for in-vehicle applications. Through networking modules, they enable data interaction with edge infrastructure and other vehicles to collaboratively complete tasks. They also include information acquisition modules: hardware facilities that provide environmental information for vehicle-to-everything (V2X) applications, such as various sensors. These typically need to be deployed in different locations depending on the specific application scenario.

[0052] RSU: Roadside vehicle-to-everything (V2X) service base station, which provides data transmission and reception services for intelligent vehicles, and also supports small-scale computing, data caching and data collection functions.

[0053] Area Controller: The core control node within an edge system of a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) system. It can manage and schedule every component within the entire edge system, communicate with area controllers in other edge systems, and maintain changing network topology. It is the core of a V2X system.

[0054] Edge server: A computing resource provider within the edge system, possessing the most powerful computing resources within the edge system, capable of rapidly performing computational tasks.

[0055] The method of this invention mainly comprises two parts: handover triggering and handover execution. Handover triggering is performed by the handover vehicle. Specifically, the handover vehicle communicates with the edge system (including the area controller and edge server) through the original RSU. The vehicle periodically sends context information to the edge server, including its speed, location, and identifiers (IDs) of neighboring vehicles that can receive beacon frames. When certain conditions are met, a handover is required. The handover vehicle generates a handover request signaling and sends it to the area controller. The handover vehicle refers to the vehicle requiring network handover; the original RSU refers to the RSU currently connected to the handover vehicle, providing data transmission and reception services; and the new RSU refers to the RSU after the network handover.

[0056] During vehicle handover, this solution employs a temporary network communication method based on vehicle collaboration to interact with the edge system. This ensures that during the time interval between disconnecting the original RSU from the network and fully establishing a network connection with the new RSU, the switching vehicle can upload real-time data and access edge system services via the temporary network. Specifically, this includes steps such as selecting a relay collaboration vehicle, setting up the temporary communication network, data transmission during handover, and dismantling the temporary communication network. When the new RSU and the original RSU are not in the same edge computing system, a service cache data transmission step is also included: this step migrates the cached service data to the computing nodes (edge ​​servers) of the edge system where the new RSU resides. The service cache data transmission is carried out from the original edge server to the new edge computing node via the temporary network.

[0057] In one embodiment, the switching vehicle includes an onboard information acquisition module, a microprocessor, and a wireless communication module. Before receiving the switching request signaling sent by the switching vehicle, the method further includes:

[0058] The signal strength of the original RSU is measured periodically by the vehicle information acquisition module. When the signal strength of the original RSU is detected to be less than the threshold, the signal strength of the new RSU is measured. If the signal strength of the new RSU is greater than the threshold, the microprocessor generates a handover request signaling.

[0059] The handover request signaling is sent to the edge system via the wireless communication module.

[0060] In practice, the switching vehicle communicates with the original RSU. The switching vehicle periodically sends context information to the edge server, including its speed, location, and the identifiers (IDs) of neighboring vehicles that can receive beacon frames. Signal strength is used as the criterion for switching; a signal strength threshold of P is set. The switching vehicle's information acquisition module periodically measures the signal strength of the current communicating RSU (the original RSU) and transmits it to the microprocessor. When the microprocessor detects that the signal strength is less than the threshold P, it controls the information acquisition module to measure the signal strength of the new RSU and transmits it to the microprocessor. When the microprocessor detects that the new RSU's signal strength is greater than the threshold, the switching vehicle prepares to perform the switch.

[0061] In one implementation, upon receiving a handover request signaling, a transfer cooperation vehicle is selected based on context information periodically sent by the vehicle, including:

[0062] Based on the context information periodically sent by the vehicle, the communication quality between the switching vehicle and its neighboring vehicles is calculated, where the communication quality is determined by the average distance difference between the switching vehicle and the candidate vehicle during the vehicle switching process.

[0063] Based on the quotient of the sum of the distance differences between the switching vehicle and the candidate vehicle at each moment during the time period from the start of the switching to the completion of the switching, and the switching completion time of the switching vehicle, the candidate vehicle is selected as the transfer cooperation vehicle.

[0064] In practice, the handover request signaling is Hreq (Handover Request) signaling, which includes the identifier of the new RSU. During the time period from the start of the handover to the completion of the handover, the sum of the distance differences between the handover vehicle and the candidate vehicles (including multiple vehicles) at each moment is calculated as the quotient of the handover completion time of the handover vehicle. The candidate vehicle with the smallest average distance difference with the handover vehicle is selected as the transfer cooperation vehicle.

[0065] In one implementation, signaling is sent to the switching vehicle, the transfer vehicle, and the original RSU respectively, so that the switching vehicle, the transfer vehicle, and the original RSU establish a temporary communication network after receiving the corresponding signaling, including:

[0066] The edge system's area controller sends a handover request response signaling HRsp, a cooperation instruction signaling HAReq, and a cooperation communication process initiation signaling HTra to the handover vehicle, the transfer cooperation vehicle, and the original RSU, respectively. HRsp contains the Service Provider Identifier (PSID) for identifying the application service provider and instructing the handover vehicle to prepare for communication. HAReq instructs the transfer cooperation vehicle to cooperate with the handover vehicle. HTra instructs the original RSU to establish a tunnel between itself and the transfer cooperation vehicle for data packets addressing the handover vehicle.

[0067] When the original RSU receives the HTra signaling, it establishes a tunnel between the original RSU and the relay cooperating vehicle. The original RSU encapsulates the data sent by the edge server to address the handover vehicle into a data packet and sends it to the relay cooperating vehicle. The relay cooperating vehicle decapsulates the received data packet, extracts the content of the data packet, and then encapsulates it in a WSM data packet and sends it to the handover vehicle. The WSM data packet is a WAVE short message, a short message in WAVE format, which is distinguished by PSID and distributed accordingly.

[0068] When the relay vehicle receives the HARep signaling, it establishes a tunnel between itself and the handover vehicle to forward data packets. When the handover vehicle receives the HRsp signaling, it encapsulates the data packets destined for the edge server into WSM data packets according to the PSID and sends them to the edge server through the relay vehicle, and performs RSU handover.

[0069] In practice, when the edge server sends data to the switching vehicle, the AP address field in the data packet is the original RSU address, the source address field is the MAC address of the edge server, and the destination address field is the MAC address of the switching vehicle. When the vehicle sends data to the edge server, the settings of the source address field and the destination address field in the data packet are reversed. A schematic diagram of the temporary communication network is shown below. Figure 1 As shown.

[0070] In one implementation, after establishing a temporary communication network, the method further includes:

[0071] Determine whether the new RSU and the original RSU are located in the same edge system;

[0072] If the new RSU and the original RSU are located in the same edge system, after the switching vehicle establishes a connection with the new RSU, if the switching vehicle reconfigures its IP address, a duplicate address check is first performed on the new IP address. The switching vehicle then communicates with the new RSU and sends an IP address update signaling message to the edge server. Upon receiving the IP address update signaling message, the edge server sends an update confirmation signaling message IPUpd to the switching vehicle. IPUpd contains the source IP address and the new IP address that passed the duplicate address check. If the IP address has not changed, the area controller of the edge system sends the IP address of the new RSU to the edge server to ensure communication between the edge server and the switching vehicle.

[0073] If the new RSU and the original RSU are not located in the same edge system, after the switching vehicle establishes a connection with the new RSU, the switching vehicle maintains a connection with the relay vehicle. If the switching vehicle reconfigures its IP address, it first performs a duplicate address check on the new IP address. The switching vehicle sends an IP address update signaling IPUpd to the new edge server through the new RSU, and sends the IP address update signaling IPUpd to the edge server of the original edge system through the tunnel between the switching vehicle and the relay vehicle and the tunnel between the relay vehicle and the original RSU. The IPUpd contains the source IP address and the new IP address that has passed the duplicate address check. After receiving the IP address update signaling IPUpd, the edge server sends an update confirmation signaling to the switching vehicle.

[0074] If the IP address has not changed, the area controller of the new edge system will assign the IP address of the new RSU to the edge server of the new edge system to ensure communication between the edge server of the new edge system and the switched vehicle.

[0075] Specifically, the operation depends on whether the new RSU and the original RSU are in the same system. If they are in the same system, the handover scheme is performed within the edge system. The vehicle's IP address is reconfigured; this IP address refers to the IP address the vehicle will use after connecting to the new RSU and entering the new network segment. First, a duplicate address detection (DAD) is performed. Then, the vehicle communicates with the new RSU and sends an IP address update signaling (IPUpd) to the edge server (the same server). If the IP address has not changed, the area controller of the edge system sends the new RSU's IP address to the edge server to ensure communication between the edge server and the vehicle.

[0076] If the systems are different, then it's a handover scheme between edge systems. After the handover vehicle establishes a connection with the new RSU, unlike handover within an edge system, the handover vehicle maintains its connection with the relay cooperating vehicle. If the handover vehicle reconfigures its IP address, a duplicate address detection (DAD) is first performed on the new IP address. The handover vehicle then sends IP address update signaling (IPUpd) to the new edge server through the new RSU, through the tunnel between the handover vehicle and the relay cooperating vehicle, and through the tunnel between the relay cooperating vehicle and the original RSU, respectively. Upon receiving these signals, the original edge server sends an update confirmation signaling (ACK) to the handover vehicle.

[0077] If the IP address has not changed, the new edge system controller sends the new RSU's IP address to the new edge server to ensure communication between the new edge server and the switched vehicle.

[0078] In one implementation, when the new RSU and the original RSU are located in the same edge system, the method further includes:

[0079] The vehicle being switched sends a switchover completion notification signal to the edge system controller.

[0080] The edge system's area controller sends a handover termination instruction signaling (HEnd) to the transfer vehicle and the original RSU to notify the transfer vehicle to stop forwarding data packets and the original RSU to stop tunneling data packets to the transfer vehicle.

[0081] Through the above steps, the vehicle's switchover between the original RSU and the new RSU is complete. Afterward, the vehicle sends computing tasks to the edge computing server and receives feedback results through the new RSU.

[0082] In one implementation, when the new RSU and the original RSU are not located in the same edge system, the method further includes:

[0083] The switching vehicle sends a cached data transmission instruction signaling to the original edge system controller through the tunnel between the switching vehicle and the transfer vehicle and the original RSU, instructing the edge server of the original edge system to send the cached data to the switching vehicle through the tunnel.

[0084] After the edge server of the original edge system finishes sending the cached data of the switching vehicle, it sends a cached data transmission completion notification signal to the switching vehicle, so that the switching vehicle can send a switching completion notification signal to the area controller of the original edge system after receiving this signal.

[0085] The original edge system's area controller sends a handover termination instruction signaling to the transfer cooperating vehicle and the original RSU to notify the transfer cooperating vehicle to stop forwarding data packets, and the original RSU will no longer communicate with the handover vehicle thereafter.

[0086] The handover between edge systems is completed through the steps described above. Afterward, the handover vehicle sends computing tasks to the new edge computing server located within the new edge system via the new RSU and receives feedback results.

[0087] In this implementation method, the present invention enables the vehicle to switch between edge systems and within edge systems, while the real-time service remains uninterrupted throughout the switching process, making it a seamless switching solution.

[0088] To more clearly demonstrate the seamless switching solution provided by this invention, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 2 and Figure 3 These are timing diagrams for RSU handover within an edge system and for RSU handover between edge systems, respectively, in embodiments of the present invention. The RSU handover steps within an edge system include:

[0089] Step 1: The microprocessor of the switching vehicle sends an Hreq (Handover Request) signaling message to the edge system controller via the wireless communication module, which contains the identifier of the new RSU.

[0090] Step 2: After receiving this signaling, the edge system controller calculates the communication quality between the switching vehicle and its neighboring vehicles by combining the context information periodically sent by the vehicle. The edge system controller selects the vehicle with the best communication quality as the relay cooperation vehicle.

[0091] Communication quality is determined by the average distance difference between the switching vehicle and the candidate vehicle during the vehicle handover process. Specifically, it is the quotient of the sum of the distance differences between the two vehicles at each moment during the handover period from the start of the handover to its completion, and the handover completion time of the switching vehicle. The candidate vehicle with the smallest average distance difference from the switching vehicle becomes the transfer vehicle.

[0092] Step 3: The edge system controller sends three signaling messages. The first is HRsp (Handover Response, a response to the handover request), sent to the handover vehicle. This message contains the PSID (Provider Service Identifier) ​​used to identify the application service, instructing the handover vehicle to prepare for communication. Simultaneously, it sends HAReq (Handover Assistant Request, a cooperation instruction initiated by the cooperation vehicle) to the cooperating vehicle. The third is HTra (Handover packet Transfer, an instruction to the original RSU to initiate cooperative communication during handover), sent to the original RSU. This message instructs the original RSU to establish a tunnel between itself and the intermediary cooperation vehicle for data packets addressing the handover vehicle.

[0093] When the edge server sends data to the switching vehicle, the AP address field in the data packet is the original RSU address, the source address field is the MAC address of the edge server, and the destination address field is the MAC address of the switching vehicle; when the vehicle user sends data to the edge server, the settings of the fields in the data packet are reversed.

[0094] Step 4: When the original RSU receives the HTra signaling, it establishes a tunnel between the original RSU and the relay cooperating vehicle. That is, the original RSU encapsulates the data sent by the edge server to the switching vehicle and sends it to the relay cooperating vehicle. The relay cooperating vehicle decapsulates the data packet, extracts the content of the data packet and encapsulates it in a WSM (WAVE short message, which is used to distinguish applications and distribute data) data packet and sends it to the switching vehicle.

[0095] Step 5: After the relay vehicle receives the HAREP signaling, it establishes a tunnel between itself and the handover vehicle to forward data packets. When the handover vehicle receives the HRsp signaling, it encapsulates the data packets destined for the edge server into WSM data packets based on the PSID and sends them to the edge server through the relay vehicle, then performs the RSU handover.

[0096] Step 6: After the switching vehicle establishes a connection with the new RSU, if the IP address is reconfigured, a duplicate address detection (DAD) is first performed on the new IP address. The switching vehicle then communicates with the new RSU to send an IP address update signaling (IPUpd) to the edge server, which contains the source IP address and the new IP address detected by DAD. Upon receiving the IP address, the edge server sends an update confirmation signaling (ACK) to the switching vehicle.

[0097] If the IP address has not changed, the edge system controller sends the new RSU's IP address to the edge server to ensure communication between the edge server and the vehicle.

[0098] Step 7: The vehicle sends an HFin (Handover Finish) signal to the edge system controller.

[0099] Step 8: The edge system controller sends an HEnd (Handover End) signaling message to the transfer vehicle and the original RSU to notify the transfer vehicle to stop forwarding data packets, and the original RSU will no longer tunnel data packets to the transfer vehicle.

[0100] At this point, the vehicle's switchover between the original RSU and the new RSU is complete. Afterward, the vehicle sends computing tasks to the edge computing server and receives feedback results through the new RSU.

[0101] The RSU handover process between edge systems includes:

[0102] Step 1: When the switching vehicle detects that the original RSU signal strength is lower than the threshold and the new RSU signal strength is greater than the threshold, the switching vehicle sends HReq signaling to the original edge system controller through the original RSU;

[0103] Step 2: After receiving this signaling, the original edge system controller selects the relay vehicle with the best communication quality as the relay vehicle based on the collected data information; if no relay vehicle can be found for data forwarding, the vehicle is switched to perform a direct RSU handover.

[0104] Step 3: The original edge system area controller sends HRsp signaling to the switching vehicle, HARep signaling to the transfer cooperation vehicle, and HTra signaling to the original RSU;

[0105] Step 4: Establish a tunnel between the original RSU and the transit vehicle;

[0106] Step 5: Establish a tunnel between the transfer vehicle and the switching vehicle;

[0107] Step 6: After the switching vehicle establishes a connection with the new RSU, unlike the handover within the edge system, the switching vehicle maintains its connection with the relay cooperation vehicle. If the switching vehicle reconfigures its IP address, a Duplicate Address Detection (DAD) is performed on the new IP address. The switching vehicle then sends IP address update messages (IPUpd) to the new edge server through the new RSU, and to the original edge server through the tunnel between the relay cooperation vehicle and the original RSU. These messages contain the source IP address and the new IP address detected by DAD. Upon receiving these messages, the edge server sends an update confirmation message (ACK) to the switching vehicle.

[0108] If the IP address has not changed, the new edge system controller sends the new RSU's IP address to the new edge server to ensure communication between the new edge server and the switched vehicle.

[0109] Step 7: The switching vehicle sends a DTra (Data Transmission) signal to the original edge system controller through the tunnel between the switching vehicle and the original RSU, notifying the original edge server to send the cached data to the switching vehicle through the tunnel.

[0110] Step 8: After the original edge server finishes sending the cached data for the switching vehicle, it sends an SFin (Send Finish, cached data transmission completion notification) signal to the switching vehicle. Upon receiving this signal, the switching vehicle sends an HFin (Handover Finish, handover completion notification) signal to the original edge system controller.

[0111] Step 9: The original edge system controller sends an HEnd (Handover End) signaling message to the transfer vehicle and the original RSU to notify the transfer vehicle to stop forwarding data packets, and the original RSU will no longer communicate with the transfer vehicle thereafter.

[0112] At this point, the handover between the edge systems is complete. Afterward, the handover vehicle sends computing tasks to the new edge computing server located within the new edge system via the new RSU and receives feedback results.

[0113] Example 2

[0114] Based on the same inventive concept, this embodiment provides a seamless switching device for vehicle-to-everything (V2X) edge computing based on vehicle collaboration, including:

[0115] The transit vehicle selection module is used to select a transit vehicle based on the context information periodically sent by the vehicle after receiving a handover request signaling, wherein the handover request signaling is generated by the vehicle to be switched.

[0116] The temporary communication network construction module is used to send signaling to the switching vehicle, the transfer cooperation vehicle and the original RSU respectively, so that the switching vehicle, the transfer cooperation vehicle and the original RSU can build a temporary communication network after receiving the corresponding signaling. The built temporary communication network is used to transmit service data when the switching vehicle performs the handover.

[0117] The temporary communication network cancellation module is used to cancel the temporary communication network after the switching vehicle establishes a connection with the new RSU and sets up a communication network, so that the switching vehicle can interact with the edge system through the new RSU and obtain edge system services.

[0118] Since the device described in Embodiment 2 of this invention is the same device used to implement the seamless switching method for vehicle-to-everything (V2X) edge computing based on vehicle collaboration in Embodiment 1 of this invention, those skilled in the art can understand the specific structure and variations of this device based on the method described in Embodiment 1 of this invention, and therefore will not be repeated here. All devices used in the method of Embodiment 1 of this invention fall within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0119] Example 3

[0120] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a seamless switching system for vehicle-to-everything (V2X) edge computing based on vehicle collaboration, including the seamless switching device for V2X edge computing based on vehicle collaboration described in Embodiment 2, an edge server, a vehicle, and an RSU. The seamless switching device for V2X edge computing based on vehicle collaboration is a regional controller, the edge server is a computing resource provider within the edge system for performing computing tasks, and the RSU is used to provide data transmission and reception services for the vehicle.

[0121] Please see Figure 4 This is an architecture diagram of a seamless switching system for vehicle-to-everything (V2X) edge computing based on vehicle collaboration in an embodiment of the present invention. Specifically, the system includes a switching vehicle (microprocessor, vehicle information acquisition module, vehicle wireless communication module), a roadside unit (RSU), an edge system controller, and an edge server.

[0122] In the specific implementation process, the microprocessor is connected to the vehicle wireless communication module via a wired connection; the microprocessor is connected to the information acquisition module via a wired connection; the information acquisition module is connected to the vehicle wireless communication module via a wired connection; the vehicle wireless communication module is connected to the edge system controller via a wireless connection; the vehicle wireless communication module is connected to the edge server via a wireless connection; and the vehicle wireless communication module is connected to the roadside unit via a wireless connection.

[0123] The microprocessor, vehicle wireless communication module, and vehicle information acquisition module are deployed on the user vehicle; the roadside unit, edge system controller, and edge server are all deployed in the communication network.

[0124] The microprocessor coordinates and controls the vehicle's wireless communication module and onboard information acquisition module.

[0125] The information acquisition module collects the received signal strength in real time and transmits the received signal strength to the microprocessor;

[0126] The wireless communication module interacts with the roadside unit, edge system controller, and edge server to provide real-time services to vehicle users.

[0127] The microprocessor makes a communication switching decision based on the received signal strength and transmits it wirelessly to the edge system controller via the vehicle's wireless communication module.

[0128] The edge system controller achieves seamless service switching during vehicle network switching by using a multi-communication mode-based switching optimization algorithm based on the context information of the user's vehicle.

[0129] Since the system described in Embodiment 3 of this invention is a computer-readable storage medium used to implement the seamless switching method for vehicle-to-everything (V2X) edge computing based on vehicle collaboration in Embodiment 1 of this invention, those skilled in the art can understand the specific structure and variations of this system based on the method described in Embodiment 1 of this invention, and therefore will not be repeated here. All systems used in the method of Embodiment 1 of this invention fall within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0130] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of the present invention can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0131] This invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0132] Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the invention.

[0133] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to the embodiments of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations to the embodiments of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A seamless switching method for vehicle-to-everything (V2X) edge computing based on vehicle collaboration, characterized in that, include: Upon receiving a handover request signaling, a transfer vehicle is selected based on the context information periodically sent by the vehicle, wherein the handover request signaling is generated by the vehicle to be switched. Signaling is sent to the switching vehicle, the transfer vehicle, and the original RSU respectively, so that the switching vehicle, the transfer vehicle, and the original RSU can establish a temporary communication network after receiving the corresponding signaling. The established temporary communication network is used to transmit service data when the switching vehicle performs the handover. Once the switching vehicle establishes a connection with the new RSU and sets up a communication network, the temporary communication network is removed, allowing the switching vehicle to interact with the edge system through the new RSU and obtain edge system services. This involves sending signaling messages to the switching vehicle, the transfer vehicle, and the original RSU, respectively, so that upon receiving the corresponding signaling messages, the switching vehicle, the transfer vehicle, and the original RSU can establish a temporary communication network, including: The edge system's area controller sends a handover request response signaling HRsp, a cooperation instruction signaling HAReq, and a cooperation communication process initiation signaling HTra to the handover vehicle, the transfer cooperation vehicle, and the original RSU, respectively. HRsp contains the Service Provider Identifier (PSID) for identifying the application service provider and instructing the handover vehicle to prepare for communication. HAReq instructs the transfer cooperation vehicle to cooperate with the handover vehicle. HTra instructs the original RSU to establish a tunnel between itself and the transfer cooperation vehicle for data packets addressing the handover vehicle. When the original RSU receives the HTra signaling, it establishes a tunnel between the original RSU and the relay cooperating vehicle. The original RSU encapsulates the data sent by the edge server to address the handover vehicle into a data packet and sends it to the relay cooperating vehicle. The relay cooperating vehicle decapsulates the received data packet, extracts the content of the data packet, and then encapsulates it in a WSM data packet and sends it to the handover vehicle. The WSM data packet is a WAVE short message, a short message in WAVE format, which is distinguished by PSID and distributed accordingly. When the relay vehicle receives the HARep signaling, it establishes a tunnel between itself and the handover vehicle to forward data packets. When the handover vehicle receives the HRsp signaling, it encapsulates the data packets destined for the edge server into WSM data packets according to the PSID and sends them to the edge server through the relay vehicle, and performs RSU handover.

2. The seamless switching method for vehicle-to-everything (V2X) edge computing based on vehicle collaboration as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The vehicle switching mechanism includes an onboard information acquisition module, a microprocessor, and a wireless communication module. Before receiving a switching request signaling from the vehicle being switched, the method further includes: The signal strength of the original RSU is measured periodically by the vehicle information acquisition module. When the signal strength of the original RSU is detected to be less than the threshold, the signal strength of the new RSU is measured. If the signal strength of the new RSU is greater than the threshold, the microprocessor generates a handover request signaling. The handover request signaling is sent to the edge system via the wireless communication module.

3. The seamless switching method for vehicle-to-everything (V2X) edge computing based on vehicle collaboration as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Upon receiving a handover request signaling, the system selects a transfer partner vehicle based on the context information periodically sent by the vehicle, including: Based on the context information periodically sent by the vehicle, the communication quality between the switching vehicle and its neighboring vehicles is calculated. The communication quality is determined by the average distance difference between the switching vehicle and the candidate vehicle during the vehicle switching process. Based on the quotient of the sum of the distance differences between the switching vehicle and the candidate vehicle at each moment during the time period from the start of the switching to the completion of the switching, and the switching completion time of the switching vehicle, the candidate vehicle is selected as the transfer cooperation vehicle.

4. The seamless switching method for vehicle-to-everything (V2X) edge computing based on vehicle collaboration as described in claim 1, characterized in that, After establishing a temporary communication network, the method further includes: Determine whether the new RSU and the original RSU are located in the same edge system; If the new RSU and the original RSU are located in the same edge system, after the switching vehicle establishes a connection with the new RSU, if the switching vehicle reconfigures its IP address, a duplicate address check is first performed on the new IP address. The switching vehicle then communicates with the new RSU and sends an IP address update signaling message to the edge server. Upon receiving the IP address update signaling message, the edge server sends an update confirmation signaling message IPUpd to the switching vehicle. IPUpd contains the source IP address and the new IP address that passed the duplicate address check. If the IP address has not changed, the area controller of the edge system sends the IP address of the new RSU to the edge server to ensure communication between the edge server and the switching vehicle. If the new RSU and the original RSU are not located in the same edge system, after the switching vehicle establishes a connection with the new RSU, the switching vehicle maintains a connection with the relay vehicle. If the switching vehicle reconfigures its IP address, it first performs a duplicate address check on the new IP address. The switching vehicle sends an IP address update signaling IPUpd to the new edge server through the new RSU, and sends the IP address update signaling IPUpd to the edge server of the original edge system through the tunnel between the switching vehicle and the relay vehicle and the tunnel between the relay vehicle and the original RSU. The IPUpd contains the source IP address and the new IP address that has passed the duplicate address check. After receiving the IP address update signaling IPUpd, the edge server sends an update confirmation signaling to the switching vehicle. If the IP address has not changed, the area controller of the new edge system will assign the IP address of the new RSU to the edge server of the new edge system to ensure communication between the edge server of the new edge system and the switched vehicle.

5. The seamless switching method for vehicle-to-everything (V2X) edge computing based on vehicle collaboration as described in claim 4, characterized in that, When the new RSU and the original RSU are located in the same edge system, the method further includes: The vehicle being switched sends a switchover completion notification signal to the edge system controller. The edge system's area controller sends a handover termination instruction signaling (HEnd) to the transfer vehicle and the original RSU to notify the transfer vehicle to stop forwarding data packets and the original RSU to stop tunneling data packets to the transfer vehicle.

6. The seamless switching method for vehicle-to-everything (V2X) edge computing based on vehicle collaboration as described in claim 4, characterized in that, When the new RSU and the original RSU are not located in the same edge system, the method further includes: The switching vehicle sends a cached data transmission instruction signaling to the original edge system controller through the tunnel between the switching vehicle and the transfer vehicle and the original RSU, instructing the edge server of the original edge system to send the cached data to the switching vehicle through the tunnel. After the edge server of the original edge system finishes sending the cached data of the switching vehicle, it sends a cached data transmission completion notification signal to the switching vehicle, so that the switching vehicle can send a switching completion notification signal to the area controller of the original edge system after receiving this signal. The original edge system's area controller sends a handover termination instruction signaling to the transfer cooperating vehicle and the original RSU to notify the transfer cooperating vehicle to stop forwarding data packets, and the original RSU will no longer communicate with the handover vehicle thereafter.

7. A seamless switching device for vehicle-to-everything (V2X) edge computing based on vehicle collaboration, characterized in that, include: The transit vehicle selection module is used to select a transit vehicle based on the context information periodically sent by the vehicle after receiving a handover request signaling, wherein the handover request signaling is generated by the vehicle to be switched. The temporary communication network construction module is used to send signaling to the switching vehicle, the transfer cooperation vehicle and the original RSU respectively, so that the switching vehicle, the transfer cooperation vehicle and the original RSU can build a temporary communication network after receiving the corresponding signaling. The built temporary communication network is used to transmit service data when the switching vehicle performs the handover. The temporary communication network cancellation module is used to cancel the temporary communication network after the switching vehicle establishes a connection with the new RSU and sets up a communication network, so that the switching vehicle can interact with the edge system through the new RSU and obtain edge system services. The temporary communication network setup module is specifically used for: The handover request response signaling HRsp, the cooperation instruction signaling HAReq, and the handover cooperation communication process signaling HTra are sent to the handover vehicle, the transfer cooperation vehicle, and the original RSU, respectively. HRsp contains the service identifier PSID of the application service provider used to identify the application service and to instruct the handover vehicle to prepare for communication. HAReq is used to instruct the transfer cooperation vehicle to cooperate with the handover vehicle. HTra is used to instruct the original RSU to establish a tunnel between itself and the transfer cooperation vehicle for data packets addressed to the handover vehicle. When the original RSU receives the HTra signaling, it establishes a tunnel between the original RSU and the relay cooperating vehicle. The original RSU encapsulates the data sent by the edge server to address the handover vehicle into a data packet and sends it to the relay cooperating vehicle. The relay cooperating vehicle decapsulates the received data packet, extracts the content of the data packet, and then encapsulates it in a WSM data packet and sends it to the handover vehicle. The WSM data packet is a WAVE short message, a short message in WAVE format, which is distinguished by PSID and distributed accordingly. When the relay vehicle receives the HARep signaling, it establishes a tunnel between itself and the handover vehicle to forward data packets. When the handover vehicle receives the HRsp signaling, it encapsulates the data packets destined for the edge server into WSM data packets according to the PSID and sends them to the edge server through the relay vehicle, and performs RSU handover.

8. A seamless switching system for vehicle-to-everything (V2X) edge computing based on vehicle collaboration, characterized in that: It includes the seamless switching device for vehicle-to-everything (V2X) edge computing based on vehicle collaboration as described in claim 7, an edge server, a vehicle, and an RSU, wherein the seamless switching device for V2X edge computing based on vehicle collaboration is a region controller, the edge server is a computing resource provider within the edge system for performing computing tasks, and the RSU is used to provide data transmission and reception services for the vehicle.

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