Measurement on reference signal with polarization

Abstract

Various aspects of the disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) can determine a duration of a first gap preceding a reference signal based at least in part on a polarization of the reference signal. The UE can determine a duration of a second gap following the reference signal based at least in part on the polarization of the reference signal. The UE can perform a measurement of the reference signal based at least in part on the first gap and the second gap. Numerous other aspects are provided.

Description

[0001] open field

[0002] Various aspects of this disclosure generally relate to wireless communication, and more particularly to techniques and apparatus for measuring reference signals with polarization.

[0003] background

[0004] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide a variety of telecommunications services such as telephone, video, data, messaging, and broadcasting. Typical wireless communication systems employ multiple access technologies that can support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmit power). Examples of such multiple access technologies include Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) systems, Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) systems, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems, Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) systems, Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA) systems, and Long Term Evolution (LTE). LTE / LTE-Advanced is an enhancement set of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) mobile standard issued by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0005] A wireless network may include several base stations (BSs) capable of supporting communication for several user equipments (UEs). UEs may communicate with the BS via downlink and uplink. "Downlink" or "forward link" refers to the communication link from the BS to the UE, while "uplink" or "backlink" refers to the communication link from the UE to the BS. As will be described in more detail herein, the BS may be referred to as a B-node, gNB, access point (AP), radio headend, transmit / receive point (TRP), new radio (NR) BS, or 5G B-node.

[0006] The aforementioned multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunications standards to provide a common protocol enabling different user equipment to communicate at the city, country, region, and even global levels. NR (also known as 5G) is an enhancement set to the LTE mobile standard issued by 3GPP. NR is designed to better support mobile broadband Internet access by using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) with a Cyclic Prefix (CP) on the downlink (DL), CP-OFDM and / or SC-FDM (e.g., also known as Discrete Fourier Transform Extended OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM)) on the uplink (UL), and supporting beamforming, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technologies and carrier aggregation to improve spectral efficiency, reduce costs, improve service, utilize new spectrum, and better integrate with other open standards. However, with the continued growth in demand for mobile broadband access, there is a need for further improvements to LTE, NR, and other radio access technologies.

[0007] Overview

[0008] In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) for wireless communication includes: a memory; and one or more processors coupled to the memory, the one or more processors being configured to: determine the duration of a first gap preceding the reference signal based at least in part on the polarization of the reference signal; determine the duration of a second gap following the reference signal based at least in part on the polarization of the reference signal; and perform a measurement of the reference signal based at least in part on the first gap and the second gap.

[0009] In some aspects, a UE for wireless communication includes: a memory and one or more processors coupled to the memory, the one or more processors being configured to: receive configuration information indicating the polarization of a reference signal; receive the reference signal using the indicated polarization; and perform a measurement of the reference signal using the indicated polarization.

[0010] In some aspects, a non-terrestrial network (NTN) entity for wireless communication includes: a memory; and one or more processors coupled to the memory, the one or more processors being configured to: determine the polarization of a reference signal; transmit configuration information indicating the polarization of the reference signal; and transmit the reference signal having polarization.

[0011] In some aspects, a UE for wireless communication includes: a memory and one or more processors coupled to the memory, the one or more processors being configured to: transmit capability information indicating the ability to switch the polarization of one or more antennas; and receive instructions for switching the polarization of the one or more antennas.

[0012] In some aspects, an NTN entity for wireless communication includes: a memory; and one or more processors coupled to the memory, the one or more processors being configured to: receive capability information from a UE indicating the capability to switch the polarization of one or more antennas; and transmit instructions for switching the polarization of the one or more antennas based at least in part on the capability information.

[0013] In some aspects, a method for a UE to perform wireless communication includes: determining the duration of a first gap preceding the reference signal based at least in part on the polarization of the reference signal; determining the duration of a second gap following the reference signal based at least in part on the polarization of the reference signal; and performing a measurement of the reference signal based at least in part on the first gap and the second gap.

[0014] In some aspects, a method for a UE to perform wireless communication includes: receiving configuration information indicating the polarization of a reference signal; receiving the reference signal using the indicated polarization; and performing a measurement of the reference signal using the indicated polarization.

[0015] In some aspects, a wireless communication method performed by an NTN entity includes: determining the polarization of a reference signal; transmitting configuration information indicating the polarization of the reference signal; and transmitting the reference signal having polarization.

[0016] In some aspects, a method for a UE to perform wireless communication includes: transmitting capability information indicating the ability to switch the polarization of one or more antennas; and receiving instructions for switching the polarization of the one or more antennas.

[0017] In some aspects, a wireless communication method performed by an NTN entity includes: receiving capability information from a UE indicating the ability to switch the polarization of one or more antennas; and transmitting instructions for switching the polarization of the one or more antennas based at least in part on the capability information.

[0018] In some aspects, a non-transient computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a UE, cause the UE to: determine, at least in part, the duration of a first gap preceding a reference signal based on the polarization of the reference signal; determine, at least in part, the duration of a second gap following the reference signal based on the polarization of the reference signal; and perform a measurement of the reference signal based at least in part on the first gap and the second gap.

[0019] In some aspects, a non-transient computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a UE, cause the UE to: receive configuration information indicating the polarization of a reference signal; receive the reference signal using the indicated polarization; and perform a measurement of the reference signal using the indicated polarization.

[0020] In some aspects, a non-transient computer-readable medium storing an instruction set for wireless communication, the instruction set comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of an NTN entity, cause the NTN entity to: determine the polarization of a reference signal; transmit configuration information indicating the polarization of the reference signal; and transmit the reference signal having polarization.

[0021] In some aspects, a non-transient computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions including one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a UE, cause the UE to: transmit capability information indicating the ability to switch the polarization of one or more antennas; and receive instructions for switching the polarization of the one or more antennas.

[0022] In some aspects, a non-transient computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions including one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a base station, cause the base station to: receive capability information from a UE indicating the capability to switch the polarization of one or more antennas; and transmit instructions for switching the polarization of the one or more antennas based at least in part on the capability information.

[0023] In some aspects, an apparatus for wireless communication includes: means for determining the duration of a first gap preceding the reference signal based at least in part on the polarization of the reference signal; means for determining the duration of a second gap following the reference signal based at least in part on the polarization of the reference signal; and means for performing a measurement of the reference signal based at least in part on the first gap and the second gap.

[0024] In some aspects, an apparatus for wireless communication includes: means for receiving configuration information indicating the polarization of a reference signal, means for receiving the reference signal using the indicated polarization, and means for performing a measurement of the reference signal using the indicated polarization.

[0025] In some aspects, an apparatus for wireless communication includes: means for determining the polarization of a reference signal; means for transmitting configuration information indicating the polarization of the reference signal; and means for transmitting the reference signal having polarization.

[0026] In some aspects, an apparatus for wireless communication includes: means for transmitting capability information indicating the ability to switch the polarization of one or more antennas, and means for receiving instructions for switching the polarization of the one or more antennas.

[0027] In some aspects, an apparatus for wireless communication includes: means for receiving from a UE capability information indicating the capability to switch the polarization of one or more antennas, and means for transmitting instructions for switching the polarization of the one or more antennas based at least in part on the capability information.

[0028] The aspects generally include, as substantially described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings and description, methods, apparatus, systems, computer program products, non-transient computer-readable media, user equipment, base stations, wireless communication equipment, and / or processing systems.

[0029] The foregoing has broadly outlined the features and technical advantages of the examples according to this disclosure in an effort to facilitate a better understanding of the following detailed description. Additional features and advantages will be described thereafter. The disclosed concepts and specific examples can be readily used as the basis for modifying or designing other structures for implementing the same purposes as this disclosure. Such equivalent constructions do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. The characteristics of the concepts disclosed herein, in both their organization and manner of operation, and their associated advantages, will be better understood by considering the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Each drawing is provided for illustrative and descriptive purposes and not for defining limitations on the claims. Brief description of the attached diagram

[0031] To gain a more detailed understanding of the features described above in this disclosure, reference can be made to various aspects of the above brief overview, some of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. However, it should be noted that the drawings illustrate only certain typical aspects of this disclosure and should not be considered as limiting its scope, as other equivalent aspects are permissible in this description. Identical reference numerals in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements.

[0032] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network according to this disclosure.

[0033] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating an example of communication between a base station and a user equipment (UE) in a wireless network according to this disclosure.

[0034] Figure 3 These are illustrations illustrating examples of regenerable satellite deployment and transparent satellite deployment in a non-terrestrial network (NTN) according to this disclosure.

[0035] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating examples of linear and circular polarization according to this disclosure.

[0036] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a coverage area served by one or more polarizations according to this disclosure.

[0037] Figure 6 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a measurement gap for switching polarization according to this disclosure.

[0038] Figure 7 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a polarized reference signal measured according to this disclosure.

[0039] Figure 8 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a polarized reference signal measured according to this disclosure.

[0040] Figure 9 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a polarized reference signal measured according to this disclosure.

[0041] Figure 10 This is a diagram illustrating an example of switching polarization according to this disclosure.

[0042] Figure 11 This is a diagram illustrating an example procedure performed by a UE according to this disclosure.

[0043] Figure 12 This is a diagram illustrating an example procedure performed by a UE according to this disclosure.

[0044] Figure 13 This is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, by an NTN entity according to this disclosure.

[0045] Figure 14 This is a diagram illustrating an example procedure performed by a UE according to this disclosure.

[0046] Figure 15 This is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, by an NTN entity according to this disclosure.

[0047] Figure 16-20 This is a block diagram of an example device for wireless communication according to the present disclosure.

[0048] Detailed description

[0049] The various aspects of this disclosure are described more fully below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this disclosure may be implemented in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to any specific structure or function given throughout this disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of this disclosure to those skilled in the art. Based on the teachings herein, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the scope of this disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of this disclosure disclosed herein, whether implemented independently of or in combination with any other aspect of this disclosure. For example, any number of aspects set forth herein may be used to implement an apparatus or method of practice. Furthermore, the scope of this disclosure is intended to cover such apparatus or methods practiced using additional structures, functionalities, or structures and functionalities that complement or supplement the various aspects of this disclosure set forth herein. It should be understood that any aspect of this disclosure disclosed herein may be implemented by one or more elements of the claims.

[0050] Several aspects of a telecommunications system will now be presented with reference to various devices and techniques. These devices and techniques will be described in the following detailed description and explained in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively, "elements"). These elements can be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination thereof. Whether such elements are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0051] It should be noted that although the aspects may be described herein using terms commonly associated with 5G or NR radio access technology (RAT), the aspects of this disclosure may be applied to other RATs, such as 3G RAT, 4G RAT, and / or RATs after 5G (e.g., 6G).

[0052] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network 100 according to this disclosure. The wireless network 100 may be a 5G (NR) network and / or an LTE network, etc., or may include elements thereof. The wireless network 100 may include several base stations 110 (shown as BS110a, BS 110b, BS 110c, and BS 110d) and other network entities. A base station (BS) is an entity that communicates with a user equipment (UE) and may also be referred to as an NR BS, B-node, gNB, 5G B-node (NB), access point, or transmit / receive point (TRP). Each BS may provide communication coverage for a specific geographic area. In 3GPP, the term "cell" may refer to the coverage area of ​​a BS and / or the BS subsystem serving that coverage area, depending on the context in which the term is used.

[0053] A BS can provide communication coverage for macrocells, picocells, femtocells, and / or another type of cell. Macrocells can cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., a radius of several kilometers) and allow unrestricted access by UEs with a service subscription. Picocells can cover a relatively small geographic area and allow unrestricted access by UEs with a service subscription. Femtocells can cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a residential area) and allow restricted access by UEs associated with that femtocell (e.g., UEs in a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG)). A BS used for macrocells may be referred to as a macro BS. A BS used for picocells may be referred to as a pico BS. A BS used for femtocells may be referred to as a femto BS or a home BS. Figure 1In the example shown, BS 110a can be a macro BS for macro cell 102a, BS 110b can be a pico BS for pico cell 102b, and BS 110c can be a femto BS for femto cell 102c. A BS may support one or more (e.g., three) cells. The terms “eNB,” “base station,” “NR BS,” “gNB,” “TRP,” “AP,” “B node,” “5G NB,” and “cell” are used interchangeably herein.

[0054] In some respects, the cell may not be stationary, and the geographical area of ​​the cell may move depending on the location of the mobile BS. In some respects, BSs may interconnect with each other and / or interconnect to one or more other BSs or network nodes (not shown) in the wireless network 100 via various types of backhaul interfaces, such as direct physical connections or virtual networks, using any suitable transport network.

[0055] In some respects, as shown, the cell may be provided by a non-terrestrial network base station 110. As used herein, "non-terrestrial network" may refer to a network whose access is provided by a non-terrestrial station (such as a base station carried by a satellite, balloon, airship, aircraft, unmanned aerial vehicle, high-altitude platform, etc.).

[0056] The wireless network 100 may also include a relay station. A relay station is an entity capable of receiving data transmissions from an upstream station (e.g., a BS or a UE) and transmitting those data transmissions to a downstream station (e.g., a UE or a BS). A relay station may also be a UE capable of relaying transmissions for other UEs. Figure 1 In the example shown, relay BS 110d can communicate with macro BS 110a and UE 120d to facilitate communication between BS 110a and UE 120d. Relay BS can also be referred to as a relay station, relay base station, relay, etc. In some respects, relay stations can be implemented using non-terrestrial platforms, similar to the aforementioned base stations.

[0057] Wireless network 100 can be a heterogeneous network comprising different types of BSs (such as macro BSs, pico BSs, femto BSs, and / or relay BSs). These different types of BSs may have different transmit power levels, different coverage areas, and different effects on interference in wireless network 100. For example, macro BSs may have high transmit power levels (e.g., 5 to 40 watts), while pico BSs, femto BSs, and relay BSs may have lower transmit power levels (e.g., 0.1 to 2 watts).

[0058] Network controller 130 can be coupled to a set of Base Stations (BSs) and can provide coordination and control over these BSs. Network controller 130 can communicate with each BS via backhaul. These BSs can also communicate with each other directly or indirectly via wireless or wired backhaul.

[0059] UE 120 (e.g., 120a, 120b, 120c) may be distributed throughout the wireless network 100, and each UE may be stationary or mobile. UE may also be referred to as an access terminal, terminal, mobile station, subscriber unit, station, etc. UE may be a cellular phone (e.g., a smartphone), personal digital assistant (PDA), wireless modem, wireless communication device, handheld device, laptop computer, cordless phone, wireless local loop (WLL) station, tablet, camera, gaming device, netbook, smartbook, ultrabook, medical device or equipment, biometric sensor / device, wearable device (smartwatch, smart clothing, smart glasses, smart wristband, smart jewelry (e.g., smart ring, smart bracelet)), entertainment device (e.g., music or video device, or satellite radio), vehicle component or sensor, smart meter / sensor, industrial manufacturing equipment, GPS device, or any other suitable device configured to communicate via wireless or wired media.

[0060] Some UEs may be considered machine-type communication (MTC) devices or evolved or enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC) UEs. MTC and eMTC UEs include, for example, robots, drones, remote devices, sensors, instruments, monitors, and / or location tags that can communicate with non-terrestrial network entities, base stations, another device (e.g., a remote device), or some other entity. Wireless nodes may provide connectivity to or to a network (e.g., a wide area network, such as the Internet or a cellular network) via wired or wireless communication links, for example. Some UEs may be considered Internet of Things (IoT) devices and / or may be implemented as NB-IoT (Narrowband Internet of Things) devices. Some UEs may be considered client equipment. UE 120 may be included within a housing that houses components of UE 120, such as processor components and / or memory components. In some aspects, the processor components and memory components may be coupled together. For example, the processor components (e.g., one or more processors) and memory components (e.g., memory) may be operatively coupled, communicatively coupled, electronically coupled, and / or electrically coupled.

[0061] Generally, any number of wireless networks can be deployed in a given geographical area. Each wireless network can support a specific RAT and can operate on one or more frequencies. A RAT can also be referred to as radio technology and / or air interface. A frequency can also be referred to as a carrier and / or frequency channel. Each frequency can support a single RAT in a given geographical area to avoid interference between wireless networks using different RATs. In some cases, NR or 5G RAT networks can be deployed.

[0062] In some respects, two or more UEs 120 (e.g., shown as UE 120a and UE 120e) may communicate directly using one or more sidelink channels (e.g., without using base station 110 as an intermediary). For example, UEs 120 may communicate using peer-to-peer (P2P) communication, device-to-device (D2D) communication, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) protocols (e.g., which may include vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) protocols or vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) protocols), and / or mesh networks. In this scenario, UEs 120 may perform scheduling operations, resource selection operations, and / or other operations described elsewhere herein as performed by base station 110.

[0063] Devices of the wireless network 100 can communicate using the electromagnetic spectrum, which can be subdivided into various categories, bands, channels, etc., based on frequency or wavelength. For example, devices of the wireless network 100 can communicate using an operating band with a first frequency range (FR1) and / or an operating band with a second frequency range (FR2), the first frequency range (FR1) spanning from 410 MHz to 7.125 GHz and the second frequency range (FR2) spanning from 24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz. The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are sometimes referred to as intermediate frequency bands. Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to as the "sub-6 GHz band." Similarly, although different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz – 300 GHz) designated as the "millimeter wave" band by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), FR2 is often referred to as the "millimeter wave" band. Therefore, unless otherwise stated, it should be understood that, if used herein, the terms "sub-6 GHz" and the like can broadly refer to frequencies less than 6 GHz, frequencies within FR1, and / or intermediate frequency band frequencies (e.g., greater than 7.125 GHz). Similarly, unless otherwise stated, it should be understood that, if used herein, the terms "millimeter wave" and the like can broadly refer to frequencies within the EHF band, frequencies within FR2, and / or intermediate frequency band frequencies (e.g., less than 24.25 GHz). It is conceivable that the frequencies included in FR1 and FR2 can be modified, and the techniques described herein are applicable to those modified frequency ranges.

[0064] As indicated above, Figure 1 This is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from the one provided. Figure 1 The example described.

[0065] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating an example 200 of communication between a base station 110 and a UE 120 in a wireless network 100 according to this disclosure. The base station 110 may be equipped with T antennas 234a to 234t, while the UE 120 may be equipped with R antennas 252a to 252r, wherein generally T ≥ 1 and R ≥ 1.

[0066] At base station 110, transmit processor 220 can receive data destined for one or more UEs from data source 212, select one or more modulation and coding schemes (MCS) for each UE based at least in part on channel quality indicators (CQI) received from each UE, process (e.g., encode and modulate) the data for each UE based at least in part on the MCS selected for each UE, and provide data symbols for all UEs. Transmit processor 220 can also process system information (e.g., semi-static resource allocation information (SRPI)) and control information (e.g., CQI requests, grants, higher-layer signaling), and provide overhead symbols and control symbols. Transmit processor 220 can also generate reference symbols for reference signals (e.g., cell-specific reference signals (CRS), demodulation reference signals (DMRS)) and synchronization signals (e.g., primary synchronization signal (PSS) or secondary synchronization signal (SSS)). The transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor 230 can perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on ​​data symbols, control symbols, overhead symbols, and / or reference symbols, where applicable, and can provide T output symbol streams to T modulators (MODs) 232a to 232t. Each modulator 232 can process its respective output symbol stream (e.g., for OFDM) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modulator 232 can further process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and up-convert) the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal. The T downlink signals from modulators 232a to 232t can be transmitted via T antennas 234a to 234t, respectively.

[0067] At UE 120, antennas 252a to 252r can receive downlink signals from base station 110 and / or other base stations and can provide the received signals to demodulators (DEMODs) 254a to 254r respectively. Each demodulator 254 can condition (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, and digitize) the received signal to obtain an input sample. Each demodulator 254 can further process the input sample (e.g., for OFDM) to obtain received symbols. MIMO detector 256 can obtain the received symbols from all R demodulators 254a to 254r, perform MIMO detection on these received symbols where applicable, and provide detected symbols. Receiver processor 258 can process (e.g., demodulate and decode) these detected symbols, provide the decoded data for UE 120 to data sink 260, and provide the decoded control information and system information to controller / processor 280. The term "controller / processor" can refer to one or more controllers, one or more processors, or a combination thereof. The channel processor can determine the Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), and / or CQI, etc. In some respects, one or more components of the UE 120 may be included in the housing 284.

[0068] Network controller 130 may include communication unit 294, controller / processor 290, and memory 292. Network controller 130 may include one or more devices, such as those in a core network. Network controller 130 may communicate with base station 110 via communication unit 294.

[0069] Antennas (e.g., antennas 234a to 234t and / or antennas 252a to 252r) may include or be included within one or more antenna panels, antenna groups, antenna element assemblies, and / or antenna arrays. Antenna panels, antenna groups, antenna element assemblies, and / or antenna arrays may include one or more antenna elements. Antenna panels, antenna groups, antenna element assemblies, and / or antenna arrays may include coplanar antenna element assemblies and / or non-coplanar antenna element assemblies. Antenna panels, antenna groups, antenna element assemblies, and / or antenna arrays may include antenna elements within a single housing and / or multiple antenna elements within housings. Antenna panels, antenna groups, antenna element assemblies, and / or antenna arrays may include elements coupled to one or more transmission and / or reception components (such as...). Figure 2 One or more antenna elements (one or more components).

[0070] On the uplink, at UE 120, transmit processor 264 can receive and process data from data source 262 and control information from controller / processor 280 (e.g., reports including RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, and / or CQI). Transmit processor 264 can also generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals. Symbols from transmit processor 264 can be pre-encoded by TX MIMO processor 266, where applicable, further processed by modulators 254a to 254r (e.g., for DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM), and transmitted to base station 110. In some aspects, modulators and demodulators (e.g., MOD / DEMOD 254) of UE 120 can be included in the modem of UE 120. In some aspects, UE 120 includes a transceiver. The transceiver may include any combination of antenna 252, modulator and / or demodulator 254, MIMO detector 256, receiver processor 258, transmitter processor 264, and / or TX MIMO processor 266. The transceiver may be used by a processor (e.g., controller / processor 280) and memory 282 to perform aspects of any of the methods described herein (e.g., as referenced). Figure 5-20 (as described).

[0071] At base station 110, uplink signals from UE 120 and other UEs can be received by antenna 234, processed by demodulator 232, detected by MIMO detector 236 where applicable, and further processed by receiver processor 238 to obtain decoded data and control information transmitted by UE 120. Receiver processor 238 can provide the decoded data to data sink 239 and the decoded control information to controller / processor 240. Base station 110 may include communication unit 244 and communicate with network controller 130 via communication unit 244. Base station 110 may include scheduler 246 to schedule downlink and / or uplink communications of UE 120. In some aspects, the modulator and demodulator (e.g., MOD / DEMOD 232) of base station 110 may be included in the modem of base station 110. In some aspects, base station 110 includes transceiver. The transceiver may include (such as) antenna 234, modulator and / or demodulator 232, MIMO detector 236, receiver processor 238, transmitter processor 220, and / or any combination of TX MIMO processor 230. The transceiver may be used by a processor (e.g., controller / processor 240) and memory 242 to perform aspects of any of the methods described herein (e.g., as referenced). Figure 5-20 (as described).

[0072] The controller / processor 240 of base station 110, the controller / processor 280 of UE 120, and / or Figure 2 Any other component may perform one or more techniques to avoid being associated with a polarized reference signal in the measurement, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. For example, the controller / processor of a non-terrestrial network (NTN) entity (e.g., controller / processor 240 of base station 110), the controller / processor 280 of UE 120, and / or Figure 2 Any other component of (such as) can execute or direct, for example Figure 11 Process 1100 Figure 12 Process 1200 Figure 13 Process 1300 Figure 14 Process 1400 Figure 15 The operation of process 1500 and / or other processes as described herein. Memory 242 and 282 may store data and program code for base station 110 and UE 120, respectively. In some aspects, memory 242 and / or memory 282 may include: a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions (e.g., code and / or program code) for wireless communication. For example, when executed by one or more processors of base station 110 and / or UE 120 (e.g., directly executed, or executed after compilation, transformation, and / or interpretation), the one or more processors, UE 120, NTN entity, and / or base station 110 may cause the one or more processors, UE 120, NTN entity, and / or base station 110 to perform or direct, for example... Figure 11 Process 1100 Figure 12 Process 1200 Figure 13 Process 1300 Figure 14 Process 1400 Figure 15 The operation of process 1500 and / or other processes described herein. In some aspects, the execution instructions may include run instructions, translate instructions, compile instructions, and / or interpret instructions, etc.

[0073] In some aspects, UE 120 includes: means for determining the duration of a first gap preceding the reference signal based at least in part on the polarization of the reference signal; means for determining the duration of a second gap following the reference signal based at least in part on the polarization of the reference signal; and / or means for performing a measurement of the reference signal based at least in part on the first and second gaps. Means for UE 120 to perform the operations described herein may include, for example, an antenna 252, a demodulator 254, a MIMO detector 256, a receive processor 258, a transmit processor 264, a TX MIMO processor 266, a modulator 254, a controller / processor 280, and / or a memory 282.

[0074] In some aspects, UE 120 includes: means for receiving configuration information indicating the polarization of a reference signal, means for receiving the reference signal using the indicated polarization, and / or means for performing a measurement of the reference signal using the indicated polarization. Means for UE 120 to perform the operations described herein may include, for example, an antenna 252, a demodulator 254, a MIMO detector 256, a receive processor 258, a transmit processor 264, a TX MIMO processor 266, a modulator 254, a controller / processor 280, and / or a memory 282.

[0075] In some aspects, an NTN entity includes: means for determining the polarization of a reference signal, means for transmitting configuration information indicating the polarization of the reference signal, and / or means for transmitting a reference signal having polarization. Means for the NTN entity to perform the operations described herein may include, for example, a transmit processor 220, a TX MIMO processor 230, a modulator 232, an antenna 234, a demodulator 232, a MIMO detector 236, a receive processor 238, a controller / processor 240, a memory 242, and / or a scheduler 246.

[0076] In some aspects, UE 120 includes: means for transmitting capability information indicating the ability to switch the polarization of one or more antennas, and / or means for receiving instructions for switching the polarization of the one or more antennas. Means for UE 120 to perform the operations described herein may include, for example, antenna 252, demodulator 254, MIMO detector 256, receiver processor 258, transmitter processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, modulator 254, controller / processor 280, and / or memory 282.

[0077] In some aspects, the NTN entity includes: means for receiving capability information from the UE indicating the ability to switch the polarization of one or more antennas, and / or means for transmitting instructions for switching the polarization of the one or more antennas based at least in part on the capability information. Means for the NTN entity to perform the operations described herein may include, for example, a transmit processor 220, a TX MIMO processor 230, a modulator 232, an antenna 234, a demodulator 232, a MIMO detector 236, a receive processor 238, a controller / processor 240, a memory 242, and / or a scheduler 246.

[0078] although Figure 2The boxes in the diagram are interpreted as different components, but the functions described above with respect to these boxes can be implemented using a single hardware component, software component, or combination of components. For example, the functions described with respect to transmit processor 264, receive processor 258, and / or TX MIMO processor 266 can be performed by controller / processor 280 or under the control of controller / processor 280.

[0079] As indicated above, Figure 2 This is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from the one provided. Figure 2 The example described.

[0080] Figure 3 These are illustrations illustrating example 300 of regenerable satellite deployment and example 310 of transparent satellite deployment in NTN according to this disclosure.

[0081] Example 300 illustrates a regenerative satellite deployment. In Example 300, UE 120 is served by satellite 320 via serving link 330. For example, satellite 320 may include BS 110 (e.g., BS 110a) and / or gNB. In some aspects, satellite 320 may be referred to as a non-terrestrial base station, a regenerative repeater, an onboard processing repeater, and / or an NTN entity. In some aspects, satellite 320 may demodulate uplink radio frequency signals and may modulate baseband signals derived from uplink radio signals to generate downlink radio frequency transmissions. Satellite 320 may transmit downlink radio frequency signals over serving link 330. Satellite 320 may provide cellular coverage for UE 120.

[0082] Example 310 illustrates a transparent satellite deployment, which may also be referred to as a bend-tube satellite deployment. In Example 310, UE 120 is served by satellite 340 via serving link 330. Satellite 340 may also be considered an NTN entity. Satellite 340 may be a transparent satellite. Satellite 340 may relay signals received from gateway 350 via feeder link 360. For example, the satellite may receive uplink RF transmissions and may transmit downlink RF transmissions without demodulating the uplink RF transmissions. In some aspects, the satellite may convert the uplink RF transmission frequency received on serving link 330 to the uplink RF transmission frequency on feeder link 360 and may amplify and / or filter the uplink RF transmissions. In some aspects, UE 120 shown in Examples 300 and 310 may be associated with Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) capabilities and / or Global Positioning System (GSP) capabilities, but not all UEs have such capabilities. Satellite 340 may provide cellular coverage for UE 120.

[0083] Service link 330 may include a link between satellite 340 and UE 120, and may include one or more of an uplink or a downlink. Feeder link 360 may include a link between satellite 340 and gateway 350, and may include one or more of an uplink (e.g., from UE 120 to gateway 350) or a downlink (e.g., from gateway 350 to UE 120).

[0084] Due to the movement of satellites 320 and 340, and the potential movement of UE 120, feeder link 360 and service link 330 may each experience Doppler effects. These Doppler effects may be significantly greater than those in terrestrial networks. The Doppler effects on feeder link 360 can be compensated for to some extent, but may still be associated with a certain amount of uncompensated frequency error. Furthermore, gateway 350 may be associated with residual frequency errors, and / or satellites 320 / 340 may be associated with onboard frequency errors. These sources of frequency errors may cause the downlink frequency received at UE 120 to deviate from the target downlink frequency.

[0085] As indicated above, Figure 3 This is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from the one provided. Figure 3 The example described.

[0086] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating example 400 of linear polarization and circular polarization according to this disclosure.

[0087] NTN entities can use polarized beams for transmission and reception. Linear polarization occurs when the electric field tip of an electromagnetic wave at a fixed point in space oscillates linearly with time. Circular polarization occurs when the electric field tip of an electromagnetic wave at a fixed point in space moves in a circle, and electromagnetic waves can be formed by superimposing two orthogonal linearly polarized waves of equal amplitude and 90-degree phase difference. Circular polarization can be right-hand circular polarization (RHCP) or left-hand circular polarization (LHCP).

[0088] "Transmit polarization" can refer to the polarization associated with transmissions from an NTN entity or UE, and "receive polarization" can refer to the polarization associated with reception at an NTN entity or UE. In some cases, the transmit polarization can be the same as the receive polarization. However, in other cases, the transmit polarization can be different from the receive polarization, which may result in polarization mismatch loss. For example, when the transmit polarization is RHCP and the receive polarization is LHCP, the polarization mismatch loss may be greater than 20 dB. When the transmit polarization is circular and the receive polarization is linear or inverse, the polarization mismatch loss may be approximately 3 dB. When the transmit polarization is horizontal linear and the receive polarization is vertical linear, the polarization mismatch loss may be greater than 20 dB.

[0089] Portable devices (such as UEs) may have varying polarizations due to mobility. Furthermore, regarding frequency reuse, linear polarization (e.g., horizontal or vertical linear polarization) may be less reliable than circular polarization for portable devices. Frequency reuse may occur when a specified range of frequencies is used more than once within the same radio system, thereby increasing the overall capacity of the radio system without increasing its allocated bandwidth.

[0090] A UE with polarization capability can detect polarization and / or use that polarization to transmit signals. For example, a UE capable of two circular polarization modes can detect (with high precision) the circular polarization associated with one of those two modes. A UE with two linearly cross-polarized antennas can use both circular polarizations to detect and transmit signals. Polarization detection can increase processing at the UE and can signal the polarization to the UE. The signaled polarization can be accurate for direct line-of-sight (LOS) communication. However, non-LOS communication can be reflective communication, and reflective communication can have a different polarization than direct LOS communication. For example, the RHCP polarization of downlink communication may become LHCP polarization after being reflected by a surface. That is, the optimal receive polarization for downlink communication may differ from the polarization at the transmission point. For uplink communication, assuming the downlink and uplink are reciprocal (e.g., the uplink and downlink are relatively close in frequency), the UE can determine the optimal transmit polarization to correspond to the optimal receive polarization; however, the receive polarization may differ due to signal reflection. If the polarization differs from the expected polarization, there may be polarization mismatch loss.

[0091] As indicated above, Figure 4 This is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from the one provided. Figure 4 The example described.

[0092] Figure 5 These are illustrations of examples 500 and 502 illustrating coverage areas served by one or more polarizations according to this disclosure.

[0093] Figure 5 This illustrates the coverage area or cellular cell provided by NTN entities, such as non-terrestrial base stations or non-terrestrial relay stations. NTN entities can generate multiple beams associated with corresponding frequency regions. In some aspects, the beams can be analog beams (e.g., generated by a conical antenna or different types of antennas). In other aspects, the beams can be digital beams that can be formed by signal manipulation across an antenna array.

[0094] As shown by reference numeral 500 in the attached figure, a coverage area can be served by a single polarization to increase system capacity. When a coverage area is associated with a sparse UE constellation, a single polarization for that coverage area may be beneficial, where the UE can dynamically adjust the polarization. This polarization can be circular, such as RHCP or LHCP, or it can be linear, such as vertical or horizontal linear polarization.

[0095] As shown by reference numeral 502 in the attached figure, a coverage area can be served by two polarizations to increase system capacity. These two polarizations can be associated with the same frequency or with different frequencies. Two polarizations may be beneficial when the coverage area is associated with a dense UE constellation. These two polarizations can be circular or linear.

[0096] As indicated above, Figure 5 Some examples are provided. Other examples may differ from those provided. Figure 5 The example described.

[0097] Downlink channels may include examples such as the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) carrying downlink control information (DCI), the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) carrying downlink data, or the Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) carrying system information. In some aspects, PDCCH communication can be scheduled by PDSCH communication. Uplink channels may include the Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) carrying uplink control information (UCI), the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) carrying uplink data, or the Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) for initial network access, and other examples. In some aspects, the UE may transmit acknowledgment (ACK) or negation (NACK) feedback (e.g., ACK / NACK feedback or ACK / NACK information) in the UCI on the PUCCH and / or PUSCH.

[0098] Downlink reference signals may include synchronization signal blocks (SSBs), channel state information (CSI) reference signals (CSI-RS), DMRS, positioning reference signals (PRS), or phase tracking reference signals (PTRS), etc. Uplink reference signals may include probe reference signals (SRS), DMRS, or PTRS, as well as other examples.

[0099] SSBs can carry information for initial network acquisition and synchronization, such as PSS, SSS, PBCH, and PBCH DMRS. SSBs are sometimes referred to as synchronization signal / PBCH (SS / PBCH) blocks. In some respects, NTN entities (e.g., base stations, relay stations) can transmit multiple SSBs on multiple corresponding beams, and SSBs can be used for beam selection.

[0100] CSI-RS can carry information for downlink channel estimation (e.g., downlink CSI capture), which can be used for scheduling, link adaptation, beam management, and other examples. An NTN entity can configure a set of CSI-RS for the UE, and the UE can measure the configured set of CSI-RS. Based at least in part on these measurements, the UE can perform channel estimation and report channel estimation parameters to the NTN entity (e.g., in a CSI report), such as CQI, precoding matrix indicator (PMI), CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI), layer indicator (LI), rank indicator (RI), or RSRP, and other examples. The NTN entity or base station can use the CSI report to select transmission parameters for downlink communication to the UE, such as the number of transport layers (e.g., rank), precoding matrix (e.g., precoder), MCS, or refined downlink beams (e.g., using beam refinement or beam management procedures), and other examples.

[0101] DMRS can carry information used to estimate radio channels for demodulating associated physical channels (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, PBCH, PUCCH, or PUSCH). The design and mapping of DMRS can be specific to the physical channels it is used to estimate. DMRS is UE-specific, can be beamformed, can be confined to scheduled resources (e.g., not transmitted over broadband), and can be transmitted only when necessary. As shown, DMRS is used for both downlink and uplink communication.

[0102] PTRS can carry information for compensating oscillator phase noise. Typically, phase noise increases with the oscillator carrier frequency. Therefore, PTRS can be used to mitigate phase noise at high carrier frequencies (such as millimeter-wave frequencies). PTRS can be used to track the phase of the local oscillator and enables suppression of phase noise and common phase error (CPE). PTRS is used for both downlink communication (e.g., on PDSCH) and uplink communication (e.g., on PUSCH).

[0103] The PRS can carry information used for timing or distance measurements of the UE based on signals transmitted by non-terrestrial network entities to improve Observable Time Difference of Arrival (OTDOA) positioning performance. For example, the PRS can be a pseudo-random quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) sequence mapped diagonally with frequency and time offsets to avoid conflicts with reference signals and control channels (e.g., PDCCH) that vary by cell. Generally, the PRS can be designed to improve the detectability of UE 120, which may need to detect downlink signals from multiple neighboring NTN entities to perform OTDOA-based positioning. Accordingly, the UE can receive the PRS from multiple cells (e.g., a reference cell and one or more neighboring cells) and can report the Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD) based on the OTDOA measurements associated with the PRS received from the multiple cells. In some aspects, the NTN entity can then calculate the UE's location based on the RSTD measurements reported by the UE.

[0104] The SRS can carry information for uplink channel estimation, which can be used for scheduling, link adaptation, precoder selection, beam management, and other examples. An NTN entity can configure one or more SRS resource sets for the UE, and the UE can transmit the SRS on the configured SRS resource sets. The SRS resource sets can have configured uses, such as uplink CSI capture, downlink CSI capture for reciprocity-based operation, or uplink beam management, and other examples. The NTN entity can measure the SRS, perform channel estimation at least in part based on these measurements, and use the SRS measurements to configure communication with the UE.

[0105] Figure 6 This is a diagram illustrating an example 600 of a measurement gap for switching polarization according to this disclosure.

[0106] NTN entities can transmit a reference signal with polarization. However, the UE's antenna configuration may not be arranged for the same polarization as this reference signal. This can lead to polarization mismatch loss, resulting in inaccurate or failed measurements of the reference signal. Inaccurate measurements can degrade communication or cause retransmissions that waste power, processing resources, and signaling resources.

[0107] Based on the various aspects described herein, the UE can determine a first measurement gap preceding a reference signal, or the scheduling time for that reference signal. The first measurement gap may be referred to as the "left gap" because it is temporally to the left of the reference signal (i.e., preceding it), as shown in Example 600. The UE can determine the duration of the left gap based at least in part on the polarization of the reference signal and the polarization of the UE's antenna configuration preceding the left gap. The duration of the left gap can be longer or shorter, based at least in part on the expected time for the UE to switch from a different polarization to the polarization of the reference signal. Depending on the direction or type of polarization switching (e.g., RHCP to LHCP, RHCP to linear, horizontal linear to vertical linear) or the differences between polarizations, some polarization switching may take longer than others. In some aspects, the UE can determine the duration of the left gap based at least in part on whether the reference signal is beamformed in the same manner as the transmit beam the UE is currently receiving (e.g., in an analog beam).

[0108] The UE can also determine a second measurement gap following the reference signal. This second measurement gap may be referred to as the "right gap" because it is temporally to the right of the reference signal (i.e., after), as shown in Example 600. The duration of the right gap can be longer or shorter, based at least in part on the expected time for the UE antenna to recover from the polarization of the reference signal to the polarization before the left gap. The total gap length can include the time of the left gap, the time of the reference signal, and the time of the right gap. In some aspects, the NTN entity or base station can configure the duration of measurement gaps for one or more reference signals.

[0109] The UE can use a left gap to switch polarization from its original (different) polarization to the polarization of the reference signal, measure the reference signal using an antenna configuration that matches the polarization of the reference signal, and use a right gap to switch back to the original, different polarization. As a result, the UE can obtain and report more accurate measurements of the reference signal without polarization mismatch loss. The NTN entity or base station can use the more accurate measurements to schedule future UE communications. The UE does not suffer degraded communications due to polarization mismatch, and the UE saves power, processing resources, and signaling resources that would otherwise be consumed by degraded communications and / or retransmissions. The UE can perform either Layer 1 (L1) or Layer 3 (L3) measurements. Measurement gaps can also be referred to as “time gaps” to indicate that the gap is not necessarily limited to L3 measurements only.

[0110] As indicated above, Figure 6 This is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from the one provided. Figure 6 The example described.

[0111] Figure 7This is a diagram illustrating example 700 of a polarized reference signal measured according to this disclosure.

[0112] The UE can determine the duration of the measurement gap, at least in part, based on whether the reference signal is within the same bandwidth portion (BWP) used by the UE to transmit and / or receive communications. Switching the BWP may increase the duration of the measurement gap.

[0113] Example 700 illustrates a first spatial beam in BWP 1 and a second spatial beam in BWP 2. Example 700 also illustrates a reference signal A in BWP 0 with a polarization (RHCP) identical to the antenna configuration of the UE. The UE can determine that switching polarization or BWP to measure reference signal A does not require a substantial measurement gap.

[0114] Example 700 also illustrates a reference signal B that is in the same bandwidth (BWP 0) portion but has different polarizations (LHCP). The UE can determine the duration of the left gap and the duration of the right gap based at least in part on the UE's ability to switch the antenna configuration from RHCP to LHCP and from LHCP back to RHCP for transmitting and / or receiving communications.

[0115] Example 700 also illustrates a reference signal C located at a different BWP (BWP 1) and having different polarizations (LHCP). The UE can determine that the duration of the left and right measurement gaps of reference signal C is greater than the duration of the left and right measurement gaps of reference signal B because the UE must switch antenna configurations for both BWP and polarization. The total gap length of reference signal C is greater than the total gap length of reference signal B.

[0116] Another reference signal D is shown, which is in a different BWP (BWP 1) but has the same polarization. The UE can determine the duration of the left and right measurement gaps of the reference signal D (not shown).

[0117] As indicated above, Figure 7 This is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from the one provided. Figure 7 The example described.

[0118] Figure 8 This is a diagram illustrating an example 800 of measuring a polarized reference signal according to this disclosure. As shown in the figure, Figure 8 This includes NTN entities 810 (e.g., base stations, relay stations) and UE 820 that can communicate with each other. In some respects, UE 820 may include a ground station.

[0119] As shown by reference numeral 830, UE 820 can determine the duration of the left gap preceding the reference signal, at least in part, based on the polarization of the reference signal. The polarization of the reference signal may differ from the polarization currently used by UE 820 for communication. As shown by reference numeral 835, UE 820 can determine the duration of the right gap following the reference signal, at least in part, based on the polarization of the reference signal. In some aspects, UE 820 can determine the duration at least in part based on whether the BWP of the reference signal is the same BWP in which the UE operates or a different BWP.

[0120] As indicated by reference numeral 840, UE 820 can receive a reference signal from NTN entity 810. The reference signal can be a zero-transmission on CSI-RS or CSI interference measurement (IM) resources. As indicated by reference numeral 845, UE 820 can perform one or more measurements of the reference signal, at least in part, based on the left and right gaps. That is, UE 820 can be configured to stop transmitting or receiving communication during the left gap used for polarization switching (from the UE's original polarization to the reference signal's polarization) before measuring the reference signal. UE 820 can use the right gap to return to the original polarization. This one or more measurements of the reference signal can be more accurate compared to a situation where the antenna configuration does not match the polarization of the reference signal.

[0121] As indicated above, Figure 8 This is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from the one provided. Figure 8 The example described.

[0122] Figure 9 This is a diagram illustrating example 900 of measuring a polarized reference signal according to this disclosure. As shown in the figure, Figure 9 This includes NTN entity 910 (e.g., base station, relay station) and UE 920. In some respects, UE 920 may include a ground station.

[0123] In some respects, UE 920 can receive an indication of the polarization of a reference signal. For example, NTN entity 910 can determine the polarization of the reference signal, such as RHCP, LHCP, or linear polarization. As indicated by reference numeral 935, NTN entity 910 can transmit an indication of the polarization of the reference signal. This indication may include a reference signal identifier. The reference signal may be defined by CSIIM resources. UE 920 may prepare one or more antennas to receive the reference signal. This may include switching the polarization of the antennas.

[0124] As indicated by reference numeral 940, NTN entity 910 can transmit a reference signal. UE 920 can use a reference signal identifier to prepare and / or identify the reference signal. In some respects, the serving beam may not transmit anything in the reference element of the reference signal so that measurements can quantify interference from other beams. For example, CSI IM resources may be allocated for beam 1, and there may be no transmission (zero transmission) on the allocated CSI IM resources. However, NTN entity 910 can transmit on beam 2, beam 3, and other beams, and a UE served by beam 1 can measure interference in the indicated polarization from beam 2, beam 3, and other beams.

[0125] Beams within other beams may have the same polarization as the indicated polarization used for the measurement. Alternatively, beams within other beams may have a different polarization than the indicated polarization. Beams within other beams with different polarizations can contribute to the interference being measured because polarization may not be perfect in practice. For example, RHCP is actually elliptic polarization.

[0126] As shown by reference numeral 945 in the attached figure, UE 920 can perform one or more measurements on a reference signal. The reference signal can be a CSI-RS or CSI IM resource. By signaling the polarization of the reference signal to UE 920, UE 920 can save the time, processing resources, and signaling resources otherwise consumed by detecting the polarization of the reference signal.

[0127] As indicated above, Figure 9 This is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from the one provided. Figure 9 The example described.

[0128] Figure 10 This is a diagram illustrating Example 1000 of the switching polarization according to this disclosure. As shown in the figure, Figure 10 This includes NTN entity 1010 (e.g., base station, relay station) and UE 1020. In some respects, UE 1020 may include a ground station.

[0129] UE antenna polarization capability can be useful for beam management. If UE 1020 can dynamically switch antenna polarization, NTN entity 1010 or associated network entity can configure UE 1020 to switch to an adjacent beam with a different polarization (e.g., opposite to the polarization of the currently serving beam). Accordingly, UE 1020 can report UE capabilities for polarization and / or for dynamic polarization switching. As shown by reference numeral 1030, UE 1020 can transmit capability information for switching antenna polarization. UE 1020 may include in the capability information the capability to switch polarization on a daily antenna basis or the capability for the entire antenna. The antenna may have different polarizations or the same polarization. In some aspects, the antenna may be only RHCP, or only LHCP, or only linear.

[0130] Capability information may include the time and / or the capability for switching antenna polarizations for each type of polarization switching (e.g., switching from one polarization to another of the following polarizations: RHCP, LHCP, vertical linear, horizontal linear, linear). UE 1020 may also report whether UE 1020 cannot switch polarizations, and the current polarization of the antenna.

[0131] NTN entity 1010 can determine the polarization of UE 1020 at least in part based on this capability information. As indicated by reference numeral 1035, NTN entity 1010 can transmit instructions for switching antenna polarization or for switching to a beam with different polarizations. These instructions may be for all antennas or may include a specific polarization for a particular antenna. UE 1020 can then continue to transmit and / or receive communications with polarization(s). This may include transmitting and / or receiving data and / or reference signals. With more efficient polarization coordination based on UE capabilities, communication and measurement can be improved through more matched polarizations.

[0132] As indicated above, Figure 10 This is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from the one provided. Figure 10 The example described.

[0133] Figure 11 This is a diagram illustrating an example procedure 1100 performed by a UE according to this disclosure. Example procedure 1100 is where the UE (e.g., Figure 1-3 The UE 120 depicted in the text Figure 8 The example depicted in the document is a UE 820 performing an operation associated with measuring a reference signal with polarization.

[0134] like Figure 11As shown, in some aspects, process 1100 may include determining the duration of a first gap preceding the reference signal (block 1110) based at least in part on the polarization of the reference signal. For example, the UE (e.g., using...) Figure 16 The gap determining component 1608 described herein can determine the duration of the first gap preceding the reference signal, at least in part, based on the polarization of the reference signal, as described above.

[0135] like Figure 11 As further shown, in some aspects, process 1100 may include determining the duration of the second gap following the reference signal based at least in part on the polarization of the reference signal (block 1120). For example, the UE (e.g., using...) Figure 16 The gap determining component 1608 described herein can determine the duration of the second gap following the reference signal, at least in part, based on the polarization of the reference signal, as described above.

[0136] like Figure 11 As further shown, in some aspects, process 1100 may include performing a measurement of the reference signal (block 1130) at least in part based on the first gap and the second gap. For example, the UE (e.g., using...) Figure 16 The measurement component 1610 depicted can perform measurements of the reference signal, at least in part, based on the first gap and the second gap, as described above.

[0137] Process 1100 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in conjunction with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

[0138] Regarding process 1100, in a first aspect, performing a measurement of the reference signal includes switching the antenna configuration from a different polarization to the polarization of the reference signal during a first gap, and restoring the antenna configuration to that different polarization during a second gap.

[0139] In a second aspect, either alone or in combination with the first aspect, determining the duration of the first gap includes determining the duration of the first gap based at least in part on the difference between the polarization of the reference signal and the different polarization.

[0140] In a third aspect, determining the duration of the second gap, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, includes determining the duration of the second gap based at least in part on the difference between the polarization of the reference signal and the different polarization.

[0141] In the fourth aspect, determining the duration of the first gap, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to third aspects, includes determining the duration of the first gap based at least in part on the bandwidth portion used for the reference signal or the bandwidth portion used prior to the first gap.

[0142] In the fifth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fourth aspects, the bandwidth portion used for the reference signal and the bandwidth portion used before the first gap are the same bandwidth portion.

[0143] In the sixth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fourth aspects, the bandwidth portion used for the reference signal differs from the bandwidth portion used prior to the first gap.

[0144] In the seventh aspect, determining the duration of the second gap, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to sixth aspects, includes determining the duration of the second gap based at least in part on the bandwidth portion used for the reference signal or the bandwidth portion used prior to the second gap.

[0145] In the eighth aspect, determining the duration of the first gap, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to seventh aspects, includes determining the duration of the first gap based at least in part on the spatial relationship used for the reference signal or the spatial relationship used prior to the first gap.

[0146] In the ninth aspect, determining the duration of the second gap, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eighth aspects, includes determining the duration of the second gap based at least in part on the spatial relationship used for the reference signal or the spatial relationship used prior to the first gap.

[0147] In the tenth aspect, the measurement of the reference signal is performed, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to ninth aspects, including determining one or more of the L3 RSRP or L1 RSRP of the reference signal.

[0148] In the eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to tenth aspects, the reference signal is one of CSI-RS or zero transmission on the allocated CSI IM resources.

[0149] In the twelfth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eleventh aspects, the CSI IM resource is beam-dependent, wherein the beam is identified by one or more of the SSB index, physical cell identity, or satellite beam identity.

[0150] In the thirteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to tenth aspects, process 1100 includes measuring interference from one or more beams in the indicated polarization.

[0151] although Figure 11 An example box of process 1100 is shown, but in some respects, process 1100 may include... Figure 11The boxes depicted in the process are compared to additional boxes, fewer boxes, different boxes, or boxes arranged differently. Additionally or alternatively, two or more boxes in process 1100 can be executed in parallel.

[0152] Figure 12 This is a diagram illustrating an example procedure 1200 performed by a UE according to this disclosure. Example procedure 1200 is where the UE (e.g., Figure 1-3 The UE 120 depicted in the text Figure 9 The example depicted in the document is a UE 920 performing an operation associated with measuring a reference signal with polarization.

[0153] like Figure 12 As shown, in some aspects, process 1200 may include receiving configuration information indicating the polarization of a reference signal (block 1210). For example, the UE (e.g., using...) Figure 17 The receiving component 1702 described herein can receive configuration information indicating the polarization of the reference signal, as described above.

[0154] As in Figure 12 As further shown, in some aspects, process 1200 may include receiving a reference signal using the indicated polarization (block 1220). For example, the UE (e.g., using...) Figure 17 The receiving component 1702 depicted herein can receive the reference signal with the indicated polarization, as described above.

[0155] As in Figure 12 As further shown, in some aspects, process 1200 may include performing a measurement of a reference signal using the indicated polarization (block 1230). For example, the UE (e.g., using...) Figure 17 The measurement component 1708 depicted herein can perform measurements of the reference signal using the indicated polarization, as described above.

[0156] Process 1200 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in conjunction with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

[0157] Regarding process 1200, in a first aspect, receiving a reference signal includes receiving a reference signal in a CSI IM resource.

[0158] In a second aspect, either alone or in combination with the first aspect, performing a measurement of the reference signal includes performing the measurement of the reference signal in one of a plurality of beams having the same polarization as the indicated polarization.

[0159] In a third aspect, either alone or in conjunction with the first aspect, performing a measurement of the reference signal includes performing the measurement of the reference signal in one of a plurality of beams having a polarization different from the indicated polarization.

[0160] although Figure 12 An example box of process 1200 is shown, but in some respects, process 1200 may include... Figure 12 The boxes depicted in the process are compared to additional boxes, fewer boxes, different boxes, or boxes arranged differently. Additionally or alternatively, two or more boxes in process 1200 can be executed in parallel.

[0161] Figure 13 This is a diagram illustrating an example process 1300 performed, for example, by an NTN entity (e.g., a base station, a relay station) according to this disclosure. Example process 1300 is where an NTN entity (e.g., a base station, a relay station) performs this process. Figure 1-3 Base station 110 depicted in the text Figure 1 The NTN entity depicted in the text Figure 3 Satellite 320 or Satellite 340 as depicted in the text Figure 8 The NTN entity 810 depicted in the text Figure 9 The NTN entity 910 depicted in the image is an example of performing an operation associated with measuring a reference signal with polarization.

[0162] like Figure 13 As shown, in some aspects, process 1300 may include determining the polarization of a reference signal (block 1310). For example, an NTN entity (e.g., using...) Figure 18 The determining component 1808 described herein can determine the polarization of the reference signal, as described above.

[0163] like Figure 13 As further shown, in some aspects, process 1300 may include transmitting configuration information indicating the polarization of a reference signal (box 1320). For example, an NTN entity (e.g., using...) Figure 18 The transmission component 1804 described herein can transmit configuration information indicating the polarization of the reference signal, as described above.

[0164] As in Figure 13 As further shown, in some aspects, process 1300 may include transmitting a reference signal with polarization (block 1330). For example, an NTN entity (e.g., using...) Figure 18 The transmission component 1804 described herein can transmit a reference signal with polarization, as described above.

[0165] Process 1300 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in conjunction with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

[0166] Regarding process 1300, in a first aspect, transmitting the reference signal includes transmitting the reference signal in the CSI IM resource.

[0167] In the second aspect, either alone or in combination with the first aspect, transmitting the reference signal includes transmitting zero-power (ZP) signals for a plurality of UEs being served by the serving beam.

[0168] In a third aspect, either alone or in conjunction with the first aspect, process 1300 includes transmitting a non-zero power (NZP) signal in a channel state information interference measurement resource on one or more other beams.

[0169] In the fourth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the beam is identified by one or more of the SSB index, satellite beam index, or physical cell identity.

[0170] although Figure 13 An example box of process 1300 is shown, but in some respects, process 1300 may include... Figure 13 The boxes depicted in the process are compared to additional boxes, fewer boxes, different boxes, or boxes arranged differently. Additionally or alternatively, two or more boxes in process 1300 can be executed in parallel.

[0171] Figure 14 This is a diagram illustrating an example procedure 1400 performed by a UE according to this disclosure. Example procedure 1400 is where the UE (e.g., Figure 1-3 The UE 120 depicted in the text Figure 10 The example depicted is the UE 1020 performing an operation associated with measuring a reference signal with polarization.

[0172] like Figure 14 As shown, in some aspects, process 1400 may include transmitting capability information (box 1410) indicating the ability to switch the polarization of one or more antennas. For example, the UE (e.g., using...) Figure 19 The transmission component 1904 described herein can transmit capability information indicating the ability to switch the polarization of one or more antennas, as described above.

[0173] like Figure 14 As further shown, in some aspects, process 1400 may include receiving instructions for switching the polarization of the one or more antennas (block 1420). For example, the UE (e.g., using...) Figure 19 The receiving component 1902 depicted herein can receive instructions for switching the polarization of the one or more antennas, as described above.

[0174] Process 1400 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in conjunction with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

[0175] Regarding process 1400, in a first aspect, the capability information indicates the capability to switch the polarization of each of the one or more antennas.

[0176] In a second aspect, either alone or in combination with the first aspect, the capability information indicates the time for switching the polarization of the one or more antennas.

[0177] In the third aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the capability information indicates one or more types of polarization switching.

[0178] Fourthly, the capability information indicates that the UE cannot switch the polarization of the one or more antennas, and the capability information indicates the polarization of the one or more antennas.

[0179] although Figure 14 An example box of process 1400 is shown, but in some respects, process 1400 may include... Figure 14 The boxes depicted in the process are compared to additional boxes, fewer boxes, different boxes, or boxes arranged differently. Additionally or alternatively, two or more boxes in process 1400 can be executed in parallel.

[0180] Figure 15 This is a diagram illustrating an example process 1500 performed, for example, by an NTN entity (e.g., a base station, a relay station) according to this disclosure. Example process 1500 is where an NTN entity (e.g., a base station, a relay station) performs this process. Figure 1-3 Base station 110 depicted in the text Figure 1 The NTN entity depicted in the text Figure 3 Satellite 320 or Satellite 340 as depicted in the text Figure 8 The NTN entity 810 depicted in the text Figure 10 The NTN entity 1010 depicted in the figure is an example of performing an operation associated with measuring a reference signal with polarization.

[0181] like Figure 15 As shown, in some aspects, process 1500 may include receiving capability information from the UE indicating the ability to switch the polarization of one or more antennas (box 1510). For example, an NTN entity (e.g., using...) Figure 20 The receiving component 2002 described herein can receive capability information from the UE indicating the ability to switch the polarization of one or more antennas, as described above.

[0182] like Figure 15As further shown, in some aspects, process 1500 may include transmitting instructions for switching the polarization of the one or more antennas, at least in part, based on the capability information (box 1520). For example, an NTN entity (e.g., using...) Figure 20 The transmission component 2004 described herein can transmit instructions for switching the polarization of the one or more antennas, at least in part, based on capability information, as described above.

[0183] Process 1500 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in conjunction with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

[0184] In the first aspect, the capability information indicates the capability to switch the polarization of each of the one or more antennas.

[0185] In a second aspect, either alone or in combination with the first aspect, the capability information indicates the time for switching the polarization of the one or more antennas.

[0186] In the third aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the capability information indicates one or more types of polarization switching.

[0187] In a fourth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to third aspects, the capability information indicates that the UE cannot switch the polarization of the one or more antennas, and the capability information indicates the polarization of the one or more antennas.

[0188] although Figure 15 An example box of process 1500 is shown, but in some respects, process 1500 may include... Figure 15 The boxes depicted in the process are compared to additional boxes, fewer boxes, different boxes, or boxes arranged differently. Additionally or alternatively, two or more boxes in process 1500 can be executed in parallel.

[0189] Figure 16 This is a block diagram of an example device 1600 for wireless communication. Device 1600 may be a UE, or a UE may include device 1600. In some aspects, device 1600 includes a receiving component 1602 and a transmitting component 1604, which may be in communication with each other (e.g., via one or more buses and / or one or more other components). As shown, device 1600 may use the receiving component 1602 and the transmitting component 1604 to communicate with another device 1606 (such as a UE, base station, NTN entity, or another wireless communication device). As further shown, device 1600 may include a gap determination component 1608 and / or a measurement component 1610, etc.

[0190] In some respects, device 1600 can be configured to perform the functions described in this article. Figure 1-10 The described one or more operations. Additionally or alternatively, the apparatus 1600 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as Figure 11 Process 1100. In some respects, apparatus 1600 and / or Figure 16 One or more components shown may include the above combination Figure 2 One or more components of the described UE. Additionally or alternatively, Figure 16 One or more components shown can be combined as described above. Figure 2 Implementation within one or more of the described components. Additionally or alternatively, one or more components in the set of components may be implemented at least partially as software stored in memory. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and may be executed by a controller or processor to perform the function or operation of that component.

[0191] Receiver 1602 may receive communications (such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or combinations thereof) from device 1606. Receiver 1602 may provide the received communications to one or more other components of device 1600. In some aspects, receiver 1602 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, demapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, etc.), and may provide the processed signal to one or more other components of device 1600. In some aspects, receiver 1602 may include a combination of the above. Figure 2 The described UE includes one or more antennas, demodulators, MIMO detectors, receiver processors, controllers / processors, memory, or combinations thereof.

[0192] Transmission component 1604 can transmit communications (such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or combinations thereof) to device 1606. In some aspects, one or more other components of device 1600 can generate communications and provide the generated communications to transmission component 1604 for transmission to device 1606. In some aspects, transmission component 1604 can perform signal processing (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, encoding, etc.) on the generated communications and can transmit the processed signals to device 1606. In some aspects, transmission component 1604 can include combinations of the above. Figure 2 The described UE includes one or more antennas, modulators, transmit MIMO processors, transmit processors, controllers / processors, memory, or combinations thereof. In some aspects, the transmit component 1604 may be co-located with the receive component 1602 in a transceiver.

[0193] The gap determination component 1608 can determine the duration of a first gap preceding the reference signal, at least in part, based on the polarization of the reference signal. In some aspects, the gap determination component 1608 may include the above combination. Figure 2 The described UE's controller / processor, memory, or a combination thereof. The gap determination component 1608 can determine the duration of the second gap following the reference signal, at least in part, based on the polarization of the reference signal.

[0194] Measurement component 1610 can perform measurements of the reference signal, at least in part, based on the first gap and the second gap. In some aspects, measurement component 1610 may include a combination of the above. Figure 2 The described UE includes one or more antennas, demodulators, MIMO detectors, receiver processors, controllers / processors, memory, or combinations thereof.

[0195] Figure 16 The number and arrangement of components shown are provided as an example. In practice, different arrangements may exist. Figure 16 The components shown are compared to additional components, fewer components, different components, or components arranged differently. Furthermore, Figure 16 The two or more components shown can be implemented within a single component, or Figure 16 The single component shown can be implemented as multiple distributed components. Additionally or alternatively, Figure 16 The collection of components shown (e.g., one or more components) can be executed as described by Figure 16 The other set of components shown in the diagram performs one or more functions.

[0196] Figure 17 This is a block diagram of an example device 1700 for wireless communication. Device 1700 may be a UE, or a UE may include device 1700. In some aspects, device 1700 includes a receiving component 1702 and a transmitting component 1704, which may be in communication with each other (e.g., via one or more buses and / or one or more other components). As shown, device 1700 may use the receiving component 1702 and the transmitting component 1704 to communicate with another device 1706 (such as a UE, base station, NTN entity, or another wireless communication device). As further shown, device 1700 may include a measurement component 1708, etc.

[0197] In some respects, device 1700 can be configured to perform the functions described herein. Figure 1-10 The described one or more operations. Additionally or alternatively, the apparatus 1700 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as Figure 12 Process 1200. In some aspects, apparatus 1700 and / or Figure 17One or more components shown may include the above combination Figure 2 One or more components of the described UE. Additionally or alternatively, Figure 17 One or more components shown can be combined as described above. Figure 2 Implementation within one or more of the described components. Additionally or alternatively, one or more components in the set of components may be implemented at least partially as software stored in memory. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and may be executed by a controller or processor to perform the function or operation of that component.

[0198] Receiver 1702 may receive communications (such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or combinations thereof) from device 1706. Receiver 1702 may provide the received communications to one or more other components of device 1700. In some aspects, receiver 1702 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, demapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, etc.), and may provide the processed signal to one or more other components of device 1700. In some aspects, receiver 1702 may include a combination of the above. Figure 2 The described UE includes one or more antennas, demodulators, MIMO detectors, receiver processors, controllers / processors, memory, or combinations thereof.

[0199] Transmission component 1704 can transmit communications (such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or combinations thereof) to device 1706. In some aspects, one or more other components of device 1700 can generate communications and provide the generated communications to transmission component 1704 for transmission to device 1706. In some aspects, transmission component 1704 can perform signal processing (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, encoding, etc.) on the generated communications and can transmit the processed signals to device 1706. In some aspects, transmission component 1704 can include combinations of the above. Figure 2 The described UE includes one or more antennas, modulators, transmit MIMO processors, transmit processors, controllers / processors, memories, or combinations thereof. In some aspects, the transmit component 1704 may be co-located with the receive component 1702 in a transceiver.

[0200] The receiving component 1702 can receive configuration information indicating the polarization of a reference signal. The receiving component 1702 can use the indicated polarization to receive the reference signal. The measuring component 1708 can use the indicated polarization to perform a measurement of the reference signal. In some aspects, the measuring component 1708 may include a combination of the above. Figure 2The described UE includes one or more antennas, demodulators, MIMO detectors, receiver processors, controllers / processors, memory, or combinations thereof.

[0201] Figure 17 The number and arrangement of components shown are provided as an example. In practice, different arrangements may exist. Figure 17 The components shown are compared to additional components, fewer components, different components, or components arranged differently. Furthermore, Figure 17 The two or more components shown can be implemented within a single component, or Figure 17 The single component shown can be implemented as multiple distributed components. Additionally or alternatively, Figure 17 The collection of components shown (e.g., one or more components) can be executed as described by Figure 17 The other set of components shown in the diagram performs one or more functions.

[0202] Figure 18 This is a block diagram of an example device 1800 for wireless communication. Device 1800 may be an NTN entity, or an NTN entity may include device 1800. In some aspects, device 1800 includes a receiving component 1802 and a transmitting component 1804, which may be in communication with each other (e.g., via one or more buses and / or one or more other components). As shown, device 1800 may use the receiving component 1802 and the transmitting component 1804 to communicate with another device 1806 (such as a UE, a base station, or another wireless communication device). As further shown, device 1800 may include a determining component 1808 and other examples.

[0203] In some respects, device 1800 can be configured to perform the functions described herein. Figure 1-10 The described one or more operations. Additionally or alternatively, the apparatus 1800 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as Figure 13 Process 1300. In some aspects, apparatus 1800 and / or Figure 18 One or more components shown may include the above combination Figures 1 to 3 One or more components of the described NTN entity. Additionally or alternatively, Figure 18 One or more components shown can be combined as described above. Figures 1 to 3 Implementation within one or more of the described components. Additionally or alternatively, one or more components in the set of components may be implemented at least partially as software stored in memory. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and may be executed by a controller or processor to perform the function or operation of that component.

[0204] Receiver 1802 may receive communications (such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or combinations thereof) from device 1806. Receiver 1802 may provide the received communications to one or more other components of device 1800. In some aspects, receiver 1802 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, demapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, etc.), and may provide the processed signal to one or more other components of device 1800. In some aspects, receiver 1802 may include combinations of the above. Figures 1 to 3 The described NTN entity includes one or more antennas, demodulators, MIMO detectors, receiver processors, controllers / processors, memories, or combinations thereof.

[0205] Transmission component 1804 can transmit communications (such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or combinations thereof) to device 1806. In some aspects, one or more other components of device 1800 can generate communications and provide the generated communications to transmission component 1804 for transmission to device 1806. In some aspects, transmission component 1804 can perform signal processing (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, encoding, etc.) on the generated communications and can transmit the processed signals to device 1806. In some aspects, transmission component 1804 can include combinations of the above. Figures 1 to 3 The described NTN entity includes one or more antennas, modulators, transmit MIMO processors, transmit processors, controllers / processors, memories, or combinations thereof. In some aspects, the transmit component 1804 may be co-located with the receive component 1802 in a transceiver.

[0206] Determining component 1808 can determine the polarization of the reference signal. In some aspects, determining component 1808 may include a combination of the above. Figures 1 to 3 The described NTN entity includes a controller / processor, memory, or a combination thereof. Transmission component 1804 can transmit configuration information indicating the polarization of a reference signal. Transmission component 1804 can transmit a reference signal with polarization. Transmission component 1804 can transmit zero-power signals for multiple UEs served by a serving beam. Transmission component 1804 can transmit NZP signals in channel state information interference measurement resources on one or more other beams.

[0207] Figure 18 The number and arrangement of components shown are provided as an example. In practice, different arrangements may exist. Figure 18 The components shown are compared to additional components, fewer components, different components, or components arranged differently. Furthermore, Figure 18 The two or more components shown can be implemented within a single component, or Figure 18The single component shown can be implemented as multiple distributed components. Additionally or alternatively, Figure 18 The collection of components shown (e.g., one or more components) can be executed as described by Figure 18 The other set of components shown in the diagram performs one or more functions.

[0208] Figure 19 This is a block diagram of an example device 1900 for wireless communication. Device 1900 may be a UE, or a UE may include device 1900. In some aspects, device 1900 includes a receiving component 1902 and a transmitting component 1904, which may be in communication with each other (e.g., via one or more buses and / or one or more other components). As shown, device 1900 may use the receiving component 1902 and the transmitting component 1904 to communicate with another device 1906 (such as a UE, base station, NTN entity, or another wireless communication device). As further shown, device 1900 may include capability component 1908 and other examples.

[0209] In some respects, device 1900 can be configured to perform the functions described herein. Figure 1-10 The described one or more operations. Additionally or alternatively, the apparatus 1900 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as Figure 14 Process 1400. In some respects, apparatus 1900 and / or Figure 19 One or more components shown may include the above combination Figure 2 One or more components of the described UE. Additionally or alternatively, Figure 19 One or more components shown can be combined as described above. Figure 2 Implementation within one or more of the described components. Additionally or alternatively, one or more components in the set of components may be implemented at least partially as software stored in memory. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and may be executed by a controller or processor to perform the function or operation of that component.

[0210] Receiver 1902 may receive communications (such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or combinations thereof) from device 1906. Receiver 1902 may provide the received communications to one or more other components of device 1900. In some aspects, receiver 1902 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, demapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, etc.), and may provide the processed signal to one or more other components of device 1900. In some aspects, receiver 1902 may include combinations of the above. Figure 2The described UE includes one or more antennas, demodulators, MIMO detectors, receiver processors, controllers / processors, memory, or combinations thereof.

[0211] Transmission component 1904 can transmit communications (such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or combinations thereof) to device 1906. In some aspects, one or more other components of device 1900 can generate communications and provide the generated communications to transmission component 1904 for transmission to device 1906. In some aspects, transmission component 1904 can perform signal processing (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, encoding, etc.) on the generated communications and can transmit the processed signals to device 1906. In some aspects, transmission component 1904 can include combinations of the above. Figure 2 The described UE includes one or more antennas, modulators, transmit MIMO processors, transmit processors, controllers / processors, memory, or combinations thereof. In some aspects, the transmit component 1904 may be co-located with the receive component 1902 in a transceiver.

[0212] Capability component 1908 can determine the capabilities of device 1900. In some aspects, capability component 1908 may include the above combinations. Figure 2 The described UE includes one or more antennas, a transmitting processor, a receiving processor, a controller / processor, a memory, or a combination thereof. The transmitting component 1904 can transmit capability information indicating the ability to switch the polarization of one or more antennas. The receiving component 1902 can receive instructions for switching the polarization of the one or more antennas.

[0213] Figure 19 The number and arrangement of components shown are provided as an example. In practice, different arrangements may exist. Figure 19 The components shown are compared to additional components, fewer components, different components, or components arranged differently. Furthermore, Figure 19 The two or more components shown can be implemented within a single component, or Figure 19 The single component shown can be implemented as multiple distributed components. Additionally or alternatively, Figure 19 The collection of components shown (e.g., one or more components) can be executed as described by Figure 19 The other set of components shown in the diagram performs one or more functions.

[0214] Figure 20This is a block diagram of an example device 2000 for wireless communication. Device 2000 may be an NTN entity, or an NTN entity may include device 2000. In some aspects, device 2000 includes a receiving component 2002 and a transmitting component 2004, which may be in communication with each other (e.g., via one or more buses and / or one or more other components). As shown, device 2000 may use the receiving component 2002 and the transmitting component 2004 to communicate with another device 2006 (such as a UE, a base station, or another wireless communication device). As further shown, device 2000 may include a handover component 2008, etc.

[0215] In some respects, device 2000 can be configured to perform the functions described herein. Figure 1-10 The described one or more operations. Additionally or alternatively, the apparatus 2000 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as Figure 15 The process 1500. In some aspects, the apparatus 2000 and / or Figure 20 One or more components shown may include the above combination Figures 1 to 3 One or more components of the described NTN entity. Additionally or alternatively, Figure 20 One or more components shown can be combined as described above. Figures 1 to 3 Implementation within one or more of the described components. Additionally or alternatively, one or more components in the set of components may be implemented at least partially as software stored in memory. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and may be executed by a controller or processor to perform the function or operation of that component.

[0216] Receiver 2002 may receive communications (such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or combinations thereof) from device 2006. Receiver 2002 may provide the received communications to one or more other components of device 2000. In some aspects, receiver 2002 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, demapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, etc.), and may provide the processed signal to one or more other components of device 2000. In some aspects, receiver 2002 may include combinations of the above. Figures 1 to 3 The described NTN entity includes one or more antennas, demodulators, MIMO detectors, receiver processors, controllers / processors, memories, or combinations thereof.

[0217] Transmission component 2004 can transmit communications (such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or combinations thereof) to device 2006. In some aspects, one or more other components of device 2000 can generate communications and provide the generated communications to transmission component 2004 for transmission to device 2006. In some aspects, transmission component 2004 can perform signal processing (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, encoding, etc.) on the generated communications and can transmit the processed signals to device 2006. In some aspects, transmission component 2002 may include combinations of the above. Figures 1 to 3 In some respects, the transmitting component 2004 may be co-located with the receiving component 2002 in a transceiver for one or more antennas, modulators, transmit MIMO processors, transmit processors, controllers / processors, memory, or combinations thereof of the described NTN entity.

[0218] The receiving component 2002 can receive capability information from the UE indicating the ability to switch the polarization of one or more antennas.

[0219] The handover component 2008 can determine the polarization the UE needs to switch to. In some aspects, the handover component 2008 may include a combination of the above. Figures 1 to 3 The controller / processor, memory, or a combination thereof of the described NTN entity. The transmission component 2004 can transmit instructions for switching the polarization of the one or more antennas, at least in part, based on this capability information.

[0220] Figure 20 The number and arrangement of components shown are provided as an example. In practice, different arrangements may exist. Figure 20 The components shown are compared to additional components, fewer components, different components, or components arranged differently. Furthermore, Figure 20 The two or more components shown can be implemented within a single component, or Figure 20 The single component shown can be implemented as multiple distributed components. Additionally or alternatively, Figure 20 The collection of components shown (e.g., one or more components) can be executed as described by Figure 20 The other set of components shown in the diagram performs one or more functions.

[0221] The following provides an overview of some aspects of this disclosure:

[0222] Aspect 1: A wireless communication method performed by a user equipment (UE) includes: determining the duration of a first gap preceding the reference signal based at least in part on the polarization of the reference signal; determining the duration of a second gap following the reference signal based at least in part on the polarization of the reference signal; and performing a measurement of the reference signal based at least in part on the first gap and the second gap.

[0223] Aspect 2: The method of aspect 1, wherein performing the measurement of the reference signal includes switching the antenna configuration from a different polarization to the polarization of the reference signal during a first gap, and restoring the antenna configuration to the different polarization during a second gap.

[0224] Aspect 3: The method of aspect 2, wherein determining the duration of the first gap includes determining the duration of the first gap based at least in part on the difference between the polarization of the reference signal and the different polarization.

[0225] Aspect 4: The method of aspect 2 or 3, wherein determining the duration of the second gap includes determining the duration of the second gap based at least in part on the difference between the polarization of the reference signal and the different polarization.

[0226] Aspect 5: The method of any one of Aspects 1-4, wherein determining the duration of the first gap includes determining the duration of the first gap based at least in part on the bandwidth portion used for the reference signal or the bandwidth portion used prior to the first gap.

[0227] Aspect 6: The method of aspect 5, wherein the bandwidth portion used for the reference signal and the bandwidth portion used before the first gap are the same bandwidth portion.

[0228] Aspect 7: The method of aspect 5, wherein the bandwidth portion used for the reference signal is different from the bandwidth portion used before the first gap.

[0229] Aspect 8: The method of any one of Aspects 1-7, wherein determining the duration of the second gap includes determining the duration of the second gap based at least in part on the bandwidth portion used for the reference signal or the bandwidth portion used prior to the second gap.

[0230] Aspect 9: The method of any one of Aspects 1-8, wherein determining the duration of the first gap includes determining the duration of the first gap based at least in part on the spatial relationship used for the reference signal or the spatial relationship used prior to the first gap.

[0231] Aspect 10: The method of any one of Aspects 1-9, wherein determining the duration of the second gap includes determining the duration of the second gap based at least in part on the spatial relationship used for the reference signal or the spatial relationship used prior to the first gap.

[0232] Aspect 11: The method of any one of Aspects 1-10, wherein performing a measurement of the reference signal includes determining one or more of the Layer 3 Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) or the Layer 1 RSRP of the reference signal.

[0233] Aspect 12: The method of any of Aspects 1-11, wherein the reference signal is a channel state information (CSI) reference signal or one of the CSI interference measurement resources.

[0234] Aspect 13: The method of aspect 12, wherein the CSI interference measurement resources are beam-dependent, wherein the beam is identified by one or more of an SSB index, physical cell identity, or satellite beam identity.

[0235] Aspect 14: The method of aspect 13 further includes: measuring interference from one or more beams in the indicated polarization.

[0236] Aspect 15: A wireless communication method performed by a user equipment (UE) comprising: receiving configuration information indicating the polarization of a reference signal; receiving the reference signal using the indicated polarization; and performing a measurement of the reference signal using the indicated polarization.

[0237] Aspect 16: The method of aspect 15, wherein receiving the reference signal includes receiving the reference signal in the channel state information interference measurement resources.

[0238] Aspect 17: The method of aspect 15 or 16, wherein performing a measurement of the reference signal includes performing the measurement of the reference signal in one of a plurality of beams having the same polarization as the indicated polarization.

[0239] Aspect 18: The method of aspect 15 or 16, wherein performing a measurement of a reference signal includes performing the measurement of the reference signal in one of a plurality of beams having a polarization different from the indicated polarization.

[0240] Aspect 19: The method of aspect 18, wherein the beam is identified by one or more of the following: SSB index, satellite beam index, or physical cell identity.

[0241] Aspect 20: A wireless communication method performed by a non-terrestrial network entity, comprising: determining the polarization of a reference signal; transmitting configuration information indicating the polarization of the reference signal; and transmitting the reference signal having polarization.

[0242] Aspect 21: The method of aspect 20, wherein transmitting the reference signal includes transmitting the reference signal in the channel state information interference measurement resource.

[0243] Aspect 22: The method of aspect 20 or 21, wherein transmitting the reference signal includes transmitting a zero-power signal for a plurality of UEs being served by the serving beam.

[0244] Aspect 23: The method of aspect 20 or 21, wherein transmitting the reference signal includes transmitting a non-zero power (NZP) signal in a channel state information interference measurement resource on one or more other beams.

[0245] Aspect 24: The method of any of Aspects 20-23, wherein the beam is identified by one or more of an SSB index, a satellite beam index, or a physical cellular identity.

[0246] Aspect 25: A wireless communication method performed by a user equipment (UE) includes: transmitting capability information indicating the ability to switch the polarization of one or more antennas; and receiving instructions for switching the polarization of the one or more antennas.

[0247] Aspect 26: The method of aspect 25, wherein the capability information indicates the capability to switch the polarization of each of the one or more antennas.

[0248] Aspect 27: The method of aspect 25 or 26, wherein the capability information indicates the time for switching the polarization of the one or more antennas.

[0249] Aspect 28: The method of any one of Aspects 25-27, wherein the capability information indicates one or more types of polarization switching.

[0250] Aspect 29: The method of any one of Aspects 25-28, wherein the capability information indicates that the UE cannot switch the polarization of the one or more antennas, and wherein the capability information indicates the polarization of the one or more antennas.

[0251] Aspect 30: A wireless communication method performed by a non-terrestrial network entity, comprising: receiving from a user equipment (UE) capability information indicating the capability to switch the polarization of one or more antennas; and transmitting instructions for switching the polarization of the one or more antennas based at least in part on the capability information.

[0252] Aspect 31: The method of aspect 30, wherein the capability information indicates the capability for switching the polarization of each of the one or more antennas.

[0253] Aspect 32: The method of aspect 30 or 31, wherein the capability information indicates the time for switching the polarization of the one or more antennas.

[0254] Aspect 33: The method of any one of Aspects 30-32, wherein the capability information indicates one or more types of polarization switching.

[0255] Aspect 34: The method of aspect 30, wherein the capability information indicates that the UE cannot switch the polarization of the one or more antennas, and wherein the capability information indicates the polarization of the one or more antennas.

[0256] Aspect 35: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform methods as described in one or more of aspects 1-34.

[0257] Aspect 36: An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising a memory and one or more processors coupled to the memory, the one or more processors being configured to perform methods as described in one or more aspects of aspects 1-34.

[0258] Aspect 37: An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising at least one means for performing a method as described in one or more aspects of aspects 1-34.

[0259] Aspect 38: A non-transient computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code including instructions executable by a processor to perform methods as described in one or more aspects of aspects 1-34.

[0260] Aspect 39: A non-transient computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions including one or more instructions which, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform methods as described in one or more aspects of aspects 1-34.

[0261] The foregoing disclosure provides explanations and descriptions, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the precise forms disclosed. Modifications and variations may be made in light of the foregoing disclosure or may be obtained through practice.

[0262] As used herein, the term "component" is intended to be broadly interpreted as hardware, firmware, and / or a combination of hardware and software. "Software" should be broadly interpreted as instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subroutines, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, and / or functions, regardless of whether they are referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or other terms. As used herein, a processor is implemented using hardware, firmware, and / or a combination of hardware and software.

[0263] It will be apparent that the systems and / or methods described herein can be implemented in various forms, including hardware, firmware, and / or combinations of hardware and software. The actual dedicated control hardware or software code used to implement these systems and / or methods is not limited in any way. Therefore, the operation and behavior of these systems and / or methods are described herein without reference to any specific software code—it is understood that software and hardware can be designed to implement these systems and / or methods, at least in part, based on the description herein.

[0264] As used in this article, depending on the context, a threshold can refer to a value greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, not equal to the threshold, etc.

[0265] Although specific combinations of features are described in the claims and / or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of aspects. In fact, many of these features can be combined in ways not specifically described in the claims and / or not disclosed in the specification. Although each dependent claim listed below may be directly subordinated to only one claim, the disclosure of aspects includes each dependent claim being combined with each other claim in this set of claims. As used herein, the phrase “at least one of” refers to any combination of these items, including a single member. As an example, “at least one of a, b, or c” is intended to cover: a, b, c, ab, ac, bc, and abc, as well as any combination having multiple identical elements (e.g., aa, aaa, aab, aac, abb, acc, bb, bbb, bbc, cc, and ccc, or any other ordering of a, b, and c).

[0266] Elements, actions, or instructions used herein should not be construed as critical or necessary unless explicitly stated otherwise. Furthermore, as used herein, the articles “a” and “a certain” are intended to include one or more items and are used interchangeably with “one or more.” Additionally, as used herein, the article “the” is intended to include one or more items referenced in conjunction with the article “the” and is used interchangeably with “one or more.” Furthermore, as used herein, the terms “set” and “group” are intended to include one or more items (e.g., related items, unrelated items, combinations of related and unrelated items, etc.) and are used interchangeably with “one or more.” Where only one item is intended, the phrase “only one” or similar language is used. Moreover, as used herein, the terms “have,” “contain,” “include,” etc., are intended to be open-ended terms. Additionally, the phrase “based on” is intended to mean “at least partially based on” unless otherwise explicitly stated. Moreover, as used herein, the term “or” is intended to be inclusive when used in a sequence and may be used interchangeably with “and / or” unless otherwise explicitly stated (e.g., in combination with “either of” or “only one of”).

Claims

1. An apparatus for performing wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising: Memory; as well as One or more processors coupled to the memory, the one or more processors being configured to: The duration of the first gap is determined based at least in part on the polarization of the reference signal and at least in part on one or more of the bandwidth portion used for the reference signal or the bandwidth portion used before the first gap prior to the reference signal, wherein the bandwidth portion used for the reference signal is different from the bandwidth portion used before the first gap; The duration of the second gap following the reference signal is determined at least in part based on the polarization of the reference signal; as well as The measurement of the reference signal is performed at least in part based on the first gap and the second gap.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, in order to perform the measurement of the reference signal, the one or more processors are configured to switch the antenna configuration from a different polarization to the polarization of the reference signal during the first gap, and to restore the antenna configuration to the different polarization during the second gap.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein, in order to determine the duration of the first gap, the one or more processors are configured to determine the duration of the first gap based at least in part on the difference between the polarization of the reference signal and the different polarizations.

4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein, in order to determine the duration of the second gap, the one or more processors are configured to determine the duration of the second gap based at least in part on the difference between the polarization of the reference signal and the different polarizations.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, in order to determine the duration of the second gap, the one or more processors are configured to determine the duration of the second gap based at least in part on one or more of the bandwidth portion used for the reference signal or the bandwidth portion used prior to the first gap.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, in order to determine the duration of the first gap, the one or more processors are configured to determine the duration of the first gap based at least in part on one or more of the spatial relationships used for the reference signal or the spatial relationships used prior to the first gap.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, in order to determine the duration of the second gap, the one or more processors are configured to determine the duration of the second gap based at least in part on one or more of the spatial relationships used for the reference signal or the spatial relationships used prior to the first gap.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, in order to perform the measurement of the reference signal, the one or more processors are configured to determine one or more of the Layer 3 reference signal received power RSRP or the Layer 1 RSRP of the reference signal.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the reference signal is one of a Channel State Information (CSI) reference signal or a zero transmission on an allocated CSI interference measurement resource.

10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the reference signal is the zero transmission on the allocated CSI interference measurement resource, and the CSI interference measurement resource is beam-dependent, wherein the beam is identified by one or more of an SSB index, a physical cell identity, or a satellite beam identity.

11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the one or more processors are configured to measure interference from one or more beams in the indicated polarization.

12. A method for conducting wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising: The duration of the first gap is determined based at least in part on the polarization of the reference signal and at least in part on one or more of the bandwidth portion used for the reference signal or the bandwidth portion used before the first gap prior to the reference signal, wherein the bandwidth portion used for the reference signal is different from the bandwidth portion used before the first gap; The duration of the second gap following the reference signal is determined at least in part based on the polarization of the reference signal; as well as The measurement of the reference signal is performed at least in part based on the first gap and the second gap.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein performing the measurement of the reference signal includes switching the antenna configuration from a different polarization to the polarization of the reference signal during the first gap, and restoring the antenna configuration to the different polarization during the second gap.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein determining the duration of the first gap comprises determining the duration of the first gap based at least in part on the difference between the polarization of the reference signal and the different polarizations.

15. The method of claim 13, wherein determining the duration of the second gap comprises determining the duration of the second gap based at least in part on the difference between the polarization of the reference signal and the different polarizations.

16. The method of claim 12, wherein determining the duration of the second gap comprises determining the duration of the second gap based at least in part on one or more of the bandwidth portion used for the reference signal or the bandwidth portion used prior to the first gap.

17. The method of claim 12, wherein determining the duration of the first gap comprises determining the duration of the first gap based at least in part on one or more of the spatial relationships used for the reference signal or the spatial relationships used prior to the first gap.

18. The method of claim 12, wherein determining the duration of the second gap comprises determining the duration of the second gap based at least in part on one or more of the spatial relationships used for the reference signal or the spatial relationships used prior to the first gap.

19. The method of claim 12, wherein performing the measurement on the reference signal includes determining one or more of the Layer 3 reference signal received power RSRP or the Layer 1 RSRP of the reference signal.

20. The method of claim 12, wherein the reference signal is one of a Channel State Information (CSI) reference signal or a zero transmission on an allocated CSI interference measurement resource.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein the reference signal is the zero transmission on the allocated CSI interference measurement resource, and the CSI interference measurement resource is beam-dependent, wherein the beam is identified by one or more of an SSB index, a physical cell identity, or a satellite beam identity.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein the method further comprises measuring interference from one or more beams in the indicated polarization.

23. An apparatus for performing wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising: A means for determining the duration of the first gap based at least in part on the polarization of a reference signal and at least in part on one or more of a bandwidth portion of the reference signal or a bandwidth portion used before the first gap preceding the reference signal, wherein the bandwidth portion of the reference signal is different from the bandwidth portion used before the first gap; A means for determining the duration of a second gap following the reference signal based at least in part on the polarization of the reference signal; as well as A means for performing a measurement of the reference signal based at least in part on the first gap and the second gap.

24. A non-transient computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to cause the processor to perform the following operations: The duration of the first gap is determined based at least in part on the polarization of the reference signal and at least in part on one or more of the bandwidth portion used for the reference signal or the bandwidth portion used before the first gap prior to the reference signal, wherein the bandwidth portion used for the reference signal is different from the bandwidth portion used before the first gap; The duration of the second gap following the reference signal is determined at least in part based on the polarization of the reference signal; as well as The measurement of the reference signal is performed at least in part based on the first gap and the second gap.

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