A high ground stress release device and method for hard rock tunnels

Abstract

The present invention relates to a high ground stress release device and method for hard rock tunnels. The device includes a carrier, on which an electromagnetic gun launching device and a water injection device are provided. The carrier can move to the tunnel surrounding rock face. The electromagnetic gun launching device is used to launch electromagnetic shells to impact and damage the rock mass to be excavated, and the water injection device is used to inject water to cool the rock mass to be excavated. For the first time, the present invention combines electromagnetic emission technology and water injection and applies them to the stress release of deep-buried hard rock tunnels. By using the electromagnetic gun launching device to launch electromagnetic shells to impact the rock mass, the impact kinetic energy is converted into heat energy to raise the temperature of the rock mass and damage it, greatly reducing the stress level of the rock mass. The electromagnetic gun launching device still maintains within the normal temperature range and is not easily damaged. By injecting water through the water injection device, the temperature of the rock mass drops sharply, stimulating the length and width of the rock mass cracks, and it can also act repeatedly in a hot and cold cycle. Eventually, the rock mass is subjected to fatigue damage, which can effectively reduce the occurrence of strong rock bursts and extremely strong rock bursts, and can safely, effectively and rapidly improve the tunnel excavation efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of tunnel construction, in particular to a high ground stress release device and method for hard rock tunnels. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the construction of transportation network infrastructure in China, the scale of railway, highway and water conservancy tunnels has developed rapidly, gradually towards the direction of long, deep-buried and large-span. Coupled with the significant terrain elevation difference, large undulation of the terrain, strong regional tectonic action and complex geological conditions in the project area, the initial stress value in the project area is extremely high. The problem of rockburst in deep-buried long hard rock tunnels is becoming increasingly prominent, and it has become a typical geological disaster seriously threatening the safe construction of deep-buried tunnels, causing serious casualties, equipment damage, construction period delay and increased construction costs.

[0003] In deep-buried long hard rock tunnels, the regional stress value is extremely high. It is very difficult to ensure safe, efficient and rapid construction by drilling and blasting method and TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) tunneling method. It is necessary to carry out stress release treatment on deep-buried long hard rock tunnels before construction. In the prior art, there are methods such as directly heating the rock mass by microwave or cooling the rock mass by liquid gasification. Microwave heating can improve the rock-breaking efficiency to a certain extent, but it may cause equipment damage due to too high temperature; typical liquid gasification such as liquid nitrogen and liquid carbon dioxide can also improve the rock-breaking efficiency to a certain extent by cooling, but its cost is high, which is not conducive to large-scale popularization and use in tunnels. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high ground stress release device and method for hard rock tunnels in view of the problems existing in the prior art that microwave heating for rock breaking may cause equipment damage due to too high temperature, and liquid gasification for cooling and rock breaking has a high cost and is not conducive to large-scale popularization and use in tunnels.

[0005] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] In the first aspect, the present invention provides a high ground stress release device for hard rock tunnels, including a carrier, on which an electromagnetic gun launching device and a water injection device are provided. The carrier can move to the tunnel surrounding rock face. The electromagnetic gun launching device is used to launch electromagnetic projectiles to impact and break the rock mass to be excavated, and the water injection device is used to inject water to cool the rock mass to be excavated.

[0007] Generally speaking, high ground stress is a concept in geology, referring to the ratio of the rock compressive strength to the ground stress. The kinetic energy of the electromagnetic projectiles is converted into rock mass heat energy to heat the rock mass to 500 - 600 °C, and the rock mass to be excavated is cooled to 200 - 300 °C by injecting water.

[0008] A high ground stress release device for hard rock tunnels according to the present invention combines electromagnetic emission technology and water injection for the first time in stress release of deep-buried hard rock tunnels. The electromagnetic cannon projectile is launched by the electromagnetic cannon launching device to impact the rock mass, and the impact kinetic energy is converted into heat energy to raise the temperature of the rock mass and cause damage, greatly reducing the stress level of the rock mass. The electromagnetic cannon launching device remains within the normal temperature range and is not easily damaged. Water is injected through the water injection device to rapidly cool the rock mass, stimulating the length and width of the rock mass fissures, and it can also act repeatedly in hot and cold cycles, ultimately causing fatigue damage to the rock mass, effectively reducing the occurrence of strong rock bursts and extremely strong rock bursts, and being able to safely, effectively and rapidly improve the tunneling efficiency of the tunnel.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a control circuit box and a launching unit operation console are provided on the carrier. The control circuit box is electrically connected to the electromagnetic cannon launching device and the launching unit operation console respectively, and the launching unit operation console is used to control the operation of the electromagnetic cannon launching device.

[0010] As a further preferred technical solution of the present invention, a ranging device is provided on the carrier, and the ranging device is used to emit laser to measure the position of the rock mass to be excavated.

[0011] As a further preferred technical solution of the present invention, the ranging device includes a laser ranging sensor and a first telescopic component, and the laser ranging sensor is connected to the top of the control circuit box through the first telescopic component.

[0012] As a further preferred technical solution of the present invention, a power supply device is provided on the carrier, and the power supply device is electrically connected to the electromagnetic cannon launching device, the control circuit box, the launching unit operation console, the water injection device and the ranging device.

[0013] As a further preferred technical solution of the present invention, the power supply device includes a generator, a power storage cabinet and an external power supply switching cabinet, and the generator and the external power supply switching cabinet are electrically connected to the power storage cabinet respectively.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the water injection device includes a water storage system, a pumping motor, a control system and a water pipe. The water pipe is connected to the water storage system through the pumping motor, and the pumping motor is electrically connected to the control system.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the electromagnetic cannon launching device includes a gun barrel and a second telescopic component. The second telescopic component includes at least two fourth hydraulic cylinders, and the fourth hydraulic cylinders are hinged to the gun barrel. The second telescopic component is used to adjust the height and / or elevation angle of the gun barrel, and the gun barrel is used to load and launch the electromagnetic cannon projectile.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the carrier is a vehicle, which includes a vehicle head, a carriage, and a rear seat flipping box body connected in sequence from front to back. The electromagnetic gun launching device is arranged in the rear seat flipping box body, and the water injection device is arranged in the carriage.

[0017] In a second aspect, the present invention also provides a method for releasing high ground stress in a hard rock tunnel, which applies the hard rock tunnel high ground stress releasing device as described in any one of the above. The method includes the following steps:

[0018] S1. Use a drilling rig to drill advance stress release holes on the heading face;

[0019] S2. Launch the electromagnetic cannonballs into the advance stress release holes through the electromagnetic gun launching device to impact and damage the rock mass to be excavated, and convert the impact kinetic energy into heat energy to raise the temperature of the rock mass;

[0020] S3. Inject water into the advance stress release holes through the water injection device to cool the rock mass to be excavated;

[0021] S4. Repeat steps S2 and S3 to make the rock mass in a hot and cold cycling process until obvious cracks or damage occur in the rock mass.

[0022] The method for releasing high ground stress in a hard rock tunnel according to the present invention first combines electromagnetic emission technology and water injection and applies them to the stress release of deep-buried hard rock tunnels. By launching the electromagnetic cannonballs through the electromagnetic gun launching device to impact the rock mass, the impact kinetic energy is converted into heat energy to raise the temperature and damage the rock mass, greatly reducing the stress level of the rock mass. The electromagnetic gun launching device still maintains within the normal temperature range and is not easily damaged. By injecting water through the water injection device, the temperature of the rock mass drops sharply, stimulating the length and width of the rock mass cracks, and can also act repeatedly in hot and cold cycles. Eventually, the rock mass is caused to have fatigue damage, which can effectively reduce the occurrence of strong rock bursts and extremely strong rock bursts, and can safely, effectively and rapidly improve the tunnel excavation efficiency.

[0023] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solutions, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0024] The hard rock tunnel high ground stress releasing device and method according to the present invention first combines electromagnetic emission technology and water injection and applies them to the stress release of deep-buried hard rock tunnels. By launching the electromagnetic cannonballs through the electromagnetic gun launching device to impact the rock mass, the impact kinetic energy is converted into heat energy to raise the temperature and damage the rock mass, greatly reducing the stress level of the rock mass. The electromagnetic gun launching device still maintains within the normal temperature range and is not easily damaged. By injecting water through the water injection device, the temperature of the rock mass drops sharply, stimulating the length and width of the rock mass cracks, and can also act repeatedly in hot and cold cycles. Eventually, the rock mass is caused to have fatigue damage, which can effectively reduce the occurrence of strong rock bursts and extremely strong rock bursts, and can safely, effectively and rapidly improve the tunnel excavation efficiency. Description of the Drawings

[0025] Figure 1 Schematic structural diagram of a high ground stress release device for hard rock tunnels;

[0026] Figure 2 Schematic flow diagram of a high ground stress release method for hard rock tunnels.

[0027] Markings in the figure: 1 - surrounding rock, 2 - advanced stress release holes, 3 - carrier, 31 - vehicle head, 32 - carriage, 33 - crawler, 34 - rear seat flipping box, 4 - power supply equipment, 41 - generator, 42 - power storage cabinet, 43 - external power supply switching cabinet, 5 - electromagnetic gun launching equipment, 51 - gun barrel, 52 - second telescopic component, 53 - buffer pad, 54 - fixed column, 55 - moving roller, 56 - electromagnetic shell, 6 - control circuit box, 7 - launching unit operation console, 8 - water injection equipment, 81 - water storage system, 82 - pumping motor, 83 - control system, 84 - control display screen, 85 - control switch, 86 - third telescopic component, 87 - water pipe, 9 - ranging equipment, 91 - laser ranging sensor, 92 - first telescopic component. Detailed implementation manners

[0028] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0029] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0030] Embodiment 1

[0031] As Figure 1 shown, a high ground stress release device for hard rock tunnels according to the present invention includes a carrier 3, and a power supply equipment 4, an electromagnetic gun launching equipment 5, a control circuit box 6, a launching unit operation console 7, a high-pressure water injection equipment 8 and a ranging equipment 9 are arranged on the carrier 3.

[0032] The carrier 3 is a vehicle and can move to the face of the surrounding rock 1 of the tunnel. Specifically, in this embodiment, the carrier 3 is a crawler vehicle, and the crawler vehicle includes a vehicle head 31, a carriage 32 and a rear seat flipping box 34 connected in sequence from front to back. The bottoms of the three are crawlers 33. The crawlers 33 are the traveling components of the carrier 3. The vehicle head 31 is used to control the forward and backward movement and turning of the carrier 3. The electromagnetic gun launching equipment 5 is arranged in the rear seat flipping box 34. The power supply equipment 4, the control circuit box 6, the launching unit operation console 7, the water injection equipment 8 and the ranging equipment 9 are arranged in the carriage 32. The rear seat flipping box 34 can be flipped and opened relative to the carriage 32 to expose the electromagnetic gun launching equipment 5 therein.

[0033] A power supply device 4 is provided in the carriage 32 close to the vehicle head 31. The power supply device 4 includes a generator 41, a power storage cabinet 42, and an external power supply switching cabinet 43. The generator 41 and the external power supply switching cabinet 43 are respectively electrically connected to the power storage cabinet 42. The generator 41 is used for generating electricity and delivering it to the power storage cabinet 42, and the external power supply switching cabinet 43 is used for connecting to an external power supply and delivering it to the power storage cabinet 42. The power storage cabinet 42 is used for storing electricity and supplying power to other devices.

[0034] A control circuit box 6, a transmitting unit operation console 7, and a ranging device 9 are provided in the carriage 32 close to the rear seat flipping box body 34. A first hydraulic cylinder is symmetrically arranged between the rear seat flipping box body 34 and the crawler vehicle chassis. The control circuit box 6 is respectively electrically connected to the transmitting unit operation console 7, the first hydraulic cylinder, and the power storage cabinet 42. The ranging device 9 includes a laser ranging sensor 91 and a first telescopic member 92. The bottom of the first telescopic member 92 is connected to the top of the control circuit box 6, and the laser ranging sensor 91 is connected to the first telescopic member 92. The laser ranging sensor 91 and the first telescopic member 92 are respectively electrically connected to the control circuit box 6. The first telescopic member 92 includes a second hydraulic cylinder. Operating the transmitting unit operation console 7, on the one hand, starts the first hydraulic cylinder through the control circuit box 6 to open and close the rear seat flipping box body 34, and on the other hand, controls the opening and closing of the first telescopic member 92 through the control circuit box 6 to adjust the height of the laser ranging sensor 91. The laser ranging sensor 91 is used for emitting laser to measure the position of the rock mass to be excavated, and the power storage cabinet 42 is used for supplying power to the control circuit box 6, the transmitting unit operation console 7, the laser ranging sensor 91, and the first telescopic member 92.

[0035] An injection device 8 is provided in the carriage 32 between the power supply device 4 and the operation console 7 of the transmitting unit. The injection device 8 is used for injecting water to cool the rock mass to be excavated. The injection device 8 includes a housing, a water storage system 81, a pumping motor 82, a control system 83, a control display screen 84, a control switch 85, a third telescopic member 86, and a water pipe 87. The bottom of the housing is connected to the third telescopic member 86, and the bottom of the third telescopic member 86 is connected to the carriage 32. The control display screen 84 and the control system 83 are provided on the upper part of the housing. The control switch 85 is provided beside the control display screen 84. The control display screen 84 and the control switch 85 are respectively electrically connected to the control system 83. The control system 83 is electrically connected to the power storage cabinet 42. The water storage system 81 and the pumping motor 82 are provided in the lower part of the housing. The water pipe 87 is connected to the water storage system 81 through the pumping motor 82. The water pipe 87 can extend outside the carriage 32. The pumping motor 82 is respectively electrically connected to the control switch 85 and the power storage cabinet 42. The third telescopic member 86 is respectively electrically connected to the control system 83 and the power storage cabinet 42; wherein, the control display screen 84 is a touch screen, and the water pressure and water flow rate can be set in the control system 83 through the control display screen 84. The control system 83 controls the opening and closing of the pumping motor 82 through the control switch 85. When the pumping motor 82 is started, the water in the water storage system 81 can be pumped to the water pipe 87 and sprayed out. The water pipe 87 is similar to the water injection pipe of a fire truck. It is coiled and folded in the normal state for easy placement in the carriage 32, and is straightened during use for easy water discharge. The power storage cabinet 42 is used to supply power to the control system 83, the control display screen 84, the pumping motor 82, and the third telescopic member 86. The water storage system 81 includes a water tank. Water is stored in the water tank and a liquid level sensor is provided. The liquid level sensor is electrically connected to the control system 83. The liquid level of the water tank detected by the liquid level sensor can be converted into the remaining water volume in the water tank through the control system 83 and displayed on the control display screen 84. The third telescopic member 86 includes a third hydraulic cylinder. The control display screen 84 controls the opening and closing of the third telescopic member 86 through the control system 83 to adjust the height of the housing.

[0036] The electromagnetic gun launching device 5 in the rear seat flipping box body 34 is used to launch electromagnetic cannonballs 56 to impact and damage the rock mass to be excavated. The electromagnetic gun launching device 5 includes a gun barrel 51, a second telescopic member 52, a buffer pad 53, a fixed column 54, and a moving roller 55. The gun barrel 51 is connected to the buffer pad 53 through the second telescopic member 52. The second telescopic member 52 includes at least two fourth hydraulic cylinders, and the fourth hydraulic cylinders are hinged to the gun barrel 51. By different telescopic amounts of the fourth hydraulic cylinders, the gun barrel 51 can pitch. The gun barrel 51 and the second telescopic member 52 are respectively electrically connected to the control circuit box 6, and the gun barrel 51 and the second telescopic member 52 are respectively electrically connected to the launching unit operation console 7. The gun barrel 51 is used to load and launch the electromagnetic cannonballs 56. The bottom of the buffer pad 53 is provided with the fixed column 54 and the moving roller 55. The buffer pad 53 is placed in the rear seat flipping box body 34 through the fixed column 54 and the moving roller 55. The fixed column 54 is used to stably support the buffer pad 53, and the moving roller 55 is used to adjust the horizontal rotation angle of the buffer pad 53, thereby adjusting the horizontal rotation angle of the gun barrel 51. In this embodiment, the pitching angle of the gun barrel 51 is -10° to 80°, and the horizontal rotation angle of the gun barrel 51 is ±90°. The horizontal rotation angle can be adjusted by manual rotation. Operating the launching unit operation console 7, on the one hand, starts the fourth hydraulic cylinders through the control circuit box 6 to adjust the height and / or pitching angle of the gun barrel 51, and on the other hand, starts the gun barrel 51 through the control circuit box 6 to launch the electromagnetic cannonballs 56. The power storage cabinet 42 is used to supply power to the gun barrel 51 and the second telescopic member 52 through the control circuit box 6.

[0037] In the hard rock tunnel high ground stress release device described in this embodiment, for the first time, electromagnetic launch technology and water injection are combined and applied to the stress release of deep-buried hard rock tunnels. The electromagnetic cannonballs 56 are launched by the electromagnetic gun launching device 5 to impact the rock mass, and the impact kinetic energy is converted into heat energy to heat up and damage the rock mass, greatly reducing the rock mass stress level. The electromagnetic gun launching device 5 still maintains within the normal temperature range and is not easily damaged. By injecting water through the water injection device 8, the rock mass is rapidly cooled, stimulating the length and width of the rock mass cracks, and it can also act repeatedly in a cold and hot cycle, ultimately causing fatigue damage to the rock mass, effectively reducing the occurrence of strong rock bursts and extremely strong rock bursts, and being able to safely, effectively, and rapidly improve the tunnel excavation efficiency.

[0038] Embodiment 2

[0039] As Figure 2 shown, a hard rock tunnel high ground stress release method described in the present invention applies the hard rock tunnel high ground stress release device as described in Embodiment 1. This method includes the following steps:

[0040] S1. Before entering the potential rockburst risk section using the drill and blast method or the TBM tunneling method, use a drill rig to drill advance stress relief holes 2 on the heading face. The advance stress relief holes 2 are horizontal drill holes and / or inclined drill holes with an inclination angle. The inclined drill holes include upwardly inclined holes and / or downwardly inclined holes. Determine the number and distribution of the advance stress relief holes 2 according to the rockburst risk level.

[0041] S2. Electrically connect the electromagnetic gun launching device 5 to the control circuit box 6 and the launching unit operation console 7, and connect the pumping motor 82 and the water pipe 87.

[0042] S3. Start the ranging device 9. The laser ranging sensor 91 adjusts its height position up and down through the first telescopic member 92 until it aims at the center position of the advance stress relief hole 2. Start the electromagnetic gun launching device 5. The gun barrel 51 adjusts its height position and / or elevation angle through the second telescopic member 52. Click to confirm the launch on the launching unit operation console 7, and launch the electromagnetic cannonball 56 into the advance stress relief hole 2 through the gun barrel 51 to impact and damage the rock mass to be excavated. The impact kinetic energy is converted into heat energy to raise the temperature of the rock mass.

[0043] S4. Move through the water pipe 87 in the direction of the heading face into the advance stress relief hole 2, turn on the pumping motor 82 to supply water, and inject water to cool the rock mass to be excavated. When the temperature of the rock mass drops to 200 - 300 °C, turn off the water injection device 8.

[0044] S5. Repeat steps S3 and S4 to make the rock mass in a hot and cold cycle process until obvious cracks or damage appear in the rock mass, and then use the drill and blast method or the TBM tunneling method for construction in the stress relief area.

[0045] A method for releasing high ground stress in hard rock tunnels in this embodiment first combines electromagnetic emission technology and water injection and applies them to stress release in deep - buried hard rock tunnels. The electromagnetic cannonball 56 is launched by the electromagnetic gun launching device 5 to impact the rock mass, and the impact kinetic energy is converted into heat energy to raise the temperature and damage the rock mass, greatly reducing the stress level of the rock mass. The electromagnetic gun launching device 5 still maintains within the normal temperature range and is not easily damaged. Water is injected through the water injection device 8 to rapidly cool the rock mass, stimulating the length and width of the rock mass cracks. It can act repeatedly in hot and cold cycles, ultimately causing fatigue failure of the rock mass, effectively reducing the occurrence of strong rockbursts and extremely strong rockbursts, and being able to safely, effectively, and rapidly improve the tunnel excavation efficiency.

[0046] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for releasing high ground stress in hard rock tunnels, characterized in that Apply a high ground stress release device for hard rock tunnels. The device includes a carrier (3), on which an electromagnetic gun launching device (5) and a water injection device (8) are provided. The carrier (3) can move to the face of the tunnel surrounding rock (1). The electromagnetic gun launching device (5) is used to launch electromagnetic projectiles (56) to impact and damage the rock mass to be excavated, and the water injection device (8) is used to inject water to cool the rock mass to be excavated; The method includes the following steps: S1. Use a drill to drill an advanced stress release hole (2) on the face; S2. Launch the electromagnetic projectiles (56) into the advanced stress release hole (2) through the electromagnetic gun launching device (5) to impact and damage the rock mass to be excavated, and the impact kinetic energy is converted into heat energy to raise the temperature of the rock mass; S3. Inject water into the advanced stress release hole (2) through the water injection device (8) to cool the rock mass to be excavated; S4. Repeat steps S2 and S3 to make the rock mass in a cold and hot cycle process until obvious cracks or damage appear in the rock mass.

2. The method for releasing high ground stress in hard rock tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that, A control circuit box (6) and a launching unit operation platform (7) are provided on the carrier (3). The control circuit box (6) is electrically connected to the electromagnetic gun launching device (5) and the launching unit operation platform (7) respectively. The launching unit operation platform (7) is used to control the operation of the electromagnetic gun launching device (5).

3. The method for releasing high ground stress in hard rock tunnels according to claim 2, wherein A ranging device (9) is provided on the carrier (3). The ranging device (9) is used to emit laser to measure the position of the rock mass to be excavated.

4. The hard rock tunnel high ground stress release method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The ranging device (9) includes a laser ranging sensor (91) and a first telescopic member (92). The laser ranging sensor (91) is connected to the top of the control circuit box (6) through the first telescopic member (92).

5. The method for releasing high ground stress in hard rock tunnels according to claim 3, characterized in that A power supply device (4) is provided on the carrier (3). The power supply device (4) is electrically connected to the electromagnetic gun launching device (5), the control circuit box (6), the launching unit operation platform (7), the water injection device (8) and the ranging device (9).

6. The method for releasing high ground stress in hard rock tunnels according to claim 5, characterized in that, The power supply device (4) includes a generator (41), a power storage cabinet (42) and an external power supply switching cabinet (43). The generator (41) and the external power supply switching cabinet (43) are electrically connected to the power storage cabinet (42) respectively.

7. The method for releasing high ground stress in hard rock tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water injection device (8) includes a water storage system (81), a pumping motor (82), a control system (83) and a water pipe (87). The water pipe (87) is connected to the water storage system (81) through the pumping motor (82), and the pumping motor (82) is electrically connected to the control system (83).

8. The method for releasing high ground stress in hard rock tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electromagnetic gun launching device (5) includes a gun barrel (51) and a second telescopic member (52). The second telescopic member (52) includes at least two fourth hydraulic cylinders. The fourth hydraulic cylinders are hinged to the gun barrel (51). The second telescopic member (52) is used to adjust the height and / or elevation angle of the gun barrel (51), and the gun barrel (51) is used to load and launch the electromagnetic projectiles (56).

9. The method for releasing high ground stress in hard rock tunnels according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The carrier (3) is a vehicle, which includes a vehicle head (31), a carriage (32), and a rear seat flipping box body (34) that are sequentially connected from front to back. The electromagnetic gun launching device (5) is arranged in the rear seat flipping box body (34), and the water injection device (8) is arranged in the carriage (32).

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